Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117839
Rafael Guiotti de Pádua , João Paulo Almirão de Jesus , Ana Clara dos Santos Camargo , Sidney Alves Lourenço , Felipe de Almeida La Porta , Renato Márcio Ribeiro-Viana , Marco Aurélio Toledo da Silva
Herein, we report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the physicochemical properties of trisazotriaryl molecules. This work is heavily focused on the influence of the tautomerism effect and the structural modifications on the β-D-glucosyl Yariv molecule. The modifications were designed to make trisazotriaryl soluble in nonpolar solvents and improve electron donor ability. From an experimental standpoint, the modified molecules were characterized using spectroscopy techniques, such as infrared and ultraviolet-visible absorbance, photoluminescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance. From a theoretical perspective, density functional theory calculations provided more profound insight into the structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties. Therefore, through a combined experimental and theoretical methodology, we elucidated some critical aspects of both the β-D-glucosyl Yariv and its modified counterparts, such as the tautomer-leaning preference on solvent media and higher stabilities on tautomeric forms, band gaps of indirect nature, and the nature of the excitonic transitions.
{"title":"Integrating theory and practice in the design of new trisazotriaryl compounds","authors":"Rafael Guiotti de Pádua , João Paulo Almirão de Jesus , Ana Clara dos Santos Camargo , Sidney Alves Lourenço , Felipe de Almeida La Porta , Renato Márcio Ribeiro-Viana , Marco Aurélio Toledo da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the physicochemical properties of trisazotriaryl molecules. This work is heavily focused on the influence of the tautomerism effect and the structural modifications on the β-D-glucosyl Yariv molecule. The modifications were designed to make trisazotriaryl soluble in nonpolar solvents and improve electron donor ability. From an experimental standpoint, the modified molecules were characterized using spectroscopy techniques, such as infrared and ultraviolet-visible absorbance, photoluminescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance. From a theoretical perspective, density functional theory calculations provided more profound insight into the structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties. Therefore, through a combined experimental and theoretical methodology, we elucidated some critical aspects of both the β-D-glucosyl Yariv and its modified counterparts, such as the tautomer-leaning preference on solvent media and higher stabilities on tautomeric forms, band gaps of indirect nature, and the nature of the excitonic transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117837
Pengkai Sun , Zhengyan Jiang , Chao Li , Yuping Wang , Qinghua Tian , Wei Zhang
Despite the improved performance of SnO2/C composites, these composites usually involve complex preparation processes that are not conducive to the development of SnO2 anode. Herein, a simple ball-milling and followed by carbonization approach was demonstrated to synthesize SnO2 NPs@C composite composed of SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded within micron carbon. The findings confirmed that the combination of introduction of carbon and modulation of SnO2 NPs content offered SnO2 NPs@C superior structural stability and good kinetics including high Li+ diffusion coefficient and low activation energy for charge transfer, and hence it shown stable lithium storage performance with 1000 cycles of lifespan.
{"title":"Simple ball-milling enables embedding of SnO2 nanoparticles into micron carbon for stable lithium storage","authors":"Pengkai Sun , Zhengyan Jiang , Chao Li , Yuping Wang , Qinghua Tian , Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the improved performance of SnO<sub>2</sub>/C composites, these composites usually involve complex preparation processes that are not conducive to the development of SnO<sub>2</sub> anode. Herein, a simple ball-milling and followed by carbonization approach was demonstrated to synthesize SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs@C composite composed of SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) embedded within micron carbon. The findings confirmed that the combination of introduction of carbon and modulation of SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs content offered SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs@C superior structural stability and good kinetics including high Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion coefficient and low activation energy for charge transfer, and hence it shown stable lithium storage performance with 1000 cycles of lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117833
Shubham S. Patil , Farhat U. Shaikh , Vijaykiran N. Narwade , Priyanka C. Zine , Pragati R. Kagne , Rajendra S. Sonkawade , Meng-Lin Tsai , Tibor Hianik , Mahendra D. Shirsat
This study addresses the electrochemical performance reliability of a silver-incorporated neodymium trimesic acid (Ag/Nd-TMA) metal-organic framework (MOF) immobilized on a flexible carbon cloth electrode (CC) and the reaction mechanism utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. The incorporation of Ag/Nd-TMA onto the electrode surface was thoroughly characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode's remarkable flexibility was explored through both fold and no-fold experimental configurations, both of which demonstrated excellent differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) performance. The sensing platform exhibited a remarkable detection limit of 0.568 nM for Hg(II), underscoring its exceptional sensitivity (1.60 nM−1) and repeatability with 0.47 % RSD. Moreover, utilizing the XPS method, the reaction mechanism revealed the surface adsorptive behaviour of the Ag/Nd-TMA electrode before and after DPV responses. This flexible Ag/Nd-TMA electrode showcases a promising avenue for highly sensitive and adaptable electrochemical sensing applications, particularly in the realm of environmental monitoring and trace metal analysis.
{"title":"Flexo-electrochemical Hg(II) sensor based on Ag/Nd-TMA MOF modified carbon cloth electrode: Surface adsorptive reaction mechanism utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","authors":"Shubham S. Patil , Farhat U. Shaikh , Vijaykiran N. Narwade , Priyanka C. Zine , Pragati R. Kagne , Rajendra S. Sonkawade , Meng-Lin Tsai , Tibor Hianik , Mahendra D. Shirsat","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the electrochemical performance reliability of a silver-incorporated neodymium trimesic acid (Ag/Nd-TMA) metal-organic framework (MOF) immobilized on a flexible carbon cloth electrode (CC) and the reaction mechanism utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. The incorporation of Ag/Nd-TMA onto the electrode surface was thoroughly characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode's remarkable flexibility was explored through both fold and no-fold experimental configurations, both of which demonstrated excellent differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) performance. The sensing platform exhibited a remarkable detection limit of 0.568 nM for Hg(II), underscoring its exceptional sensitivity (1.60 nM<sup>−1</sup>) and repeatability with 0.47 % RSD. Moreover, utilizing the XPS method, the reaction mechanism revealed the surface adsorptive behaviour of the Ag/Nd-TMA electrode before and after DPV responses. This flexible Ag/Nd-TMA electrode showcases a promising avenue for highly sensitive and adaptable electrochemical sensing applications, particularly in the realm of environmental monitoring and trace metal analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117831
Aziz Khan , Yu-Yang Ma , Sarvendra Kumar , Shijie Ge , Man-Keung Fung , Tim Leydecker , Zhiming Wang
The strategic change in the basic skeleton from donor-acceptor (D-A) to donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) to achieve an efficient external quantum efficiency (EQE) as well as high thermal stability is an invitation to develop new materials for organic light emitting diodes (OLED). In this way, adamantane-substituted acridine donor-based emitters, AA-DPK and AA-DPK-AA were developed for green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission. Moreover, the diphenylketone unit was used as an acceptor. The photophysical properties were explored and exhibited the dual emission characters, involving one emission from local or weak and other from strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. Besides, the PL results exhibited the exact emission peaks not only in solution but also in OLED devices for AA-DPK and AA-DPK-AA molecules with dual fluorescence emission (DFE) nature in solution, which could be ascribed to quasi axial conformation (QAC) and quasi equatorial conformation (QEC). OLED devices using AA-DPK and AA-DPK-AA molecules as emitters with a widely used host material, 1,3-Bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) exhibited green electroluminescence with higher EQEs of 8.5 % and 17 %, respectively. The AA-DPK-AA molecule demonstrated a two-fold improvement not only in EQEs and other parameters but also in thermal stability and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). These enhancements contribute to the molecule's stability in OLEDs, resulting in low efficiency roll-off and high overall efficiency.
{"title":"Green TADF emitters based on adamantane-substituted acridine donor/diphenyl ketone acceptor in D-A and D-A-D systems","authors":"Aziz Khan , Yu-Yang Ma , Sarvendra Kumar , Shijie Ge , Man-Keung Fung , Tim Leydecker , Zhiming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strategic change in the basic skeleton from donor-acceptor (<strong>D-A</strong>) to donor-acceptor-donor (<strong>D-A-D</strong>) to achieve an efficient external quantum efficiency (EQE) as well as high thermal stability is an invitation to develop new materials for organic light emitting diodes (OLED). In this way, adamantane-substituted acridine donor-based emitters, <strong>AA-DPK</strong> and <strong>AA-DPK-AA</strong> were developed for green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission. Moreover, the diphenylketone unit was used as an acceptor. The photophysical properties were explored and exhibited the dual emission characters, involving one emission from local or weak and other from strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. Besides, the PL results exhibited the exact emission peaks not only in solution but also in OLED devices for <strong>AA-DPK</strong> and <strong>AA-DPK-AA</strong> molecules with dual fluorescence emission (DFE) nature in solution, which could be ascribed to quasi axial conformation (QAC) and quasi equatorial conformation (QEC). OLED devices using <strong>AA-DPK</strong> and <strong>AA-DPK-AA</strong> molecules as emitters with a widely used host material, 1,3-Bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (<em>m</em>CP) exhibited green electroluminescence with higher EQEs of 8.5 % and 17 %, respectively. The <strong>AA-DPK-AA</strong> molecule demonstrated a two-fold improvement not only in EQEs and other parameters but also in thermal stability and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). These enhancements contribute to the molecule's stability in OLEDs, resulting in low efficiency roll-off and high overall efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a straightforward layer-by-layer self-assembled method was utilized to fabricate well-aligned copper oxide sandwiched graphene nanocomposite (CuOSG-NC) stacks through electrostatic attraction. The successful formation of densely packed CuOSG-NC structure was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. A simple, sensitive electrochemical approach was developed for the detection of L-vanillin, a widely used food preservative and potent antimicrobial agent, employing a CuOSG-NC modified graphite electrode. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the CuOSG-NC modified electrode demonstrated outstanding electrocatalytic activity for the L-vanillin oxidation in 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current showed linearity with the vanillin concentration ranging from 3.3 × 10−6 to 1.7 × 10−3 M, achieving a limit of detection 1.1 × 10−6 M (S/N = 3). The modified electrode for L-vanillin detection provided benefits including simple preparation, high sensitivity, and strong stability. Its practical use as an amperometric sensor for L-vanillin in flow systems was assessed through chronoamperometric analysis. Additionally, the modified electrode was effectively applied to determine vanillin in commercial roasted coffee bean samples, highlighting its potential for real-world applications in food products. Future research could explore the adaptation of this CuOSG-NC based electrochemical sensor for detecting other phenolic compounds or emerging contaminants, broadening its applications in food safety and environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Layer-by-layer self-assembly of copper oxide/graphene nanocomposites immobilized modified electrode for L-vanillin determination","authors":"Rajendran Vivekananth , Rajendran Suresh Babu , Raji Atchudan , Yesudass Sasikumar , Ana Lucia Ferreira de Barros , Raman Kalaivani","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a straightforward layer-by-layer self-assembled method was utilized to fabricate well-aligned copper oxide sandwiched graphene nanocomposite (CuOSG-NC) stacks through electrostatic attraction. The successful formation of densely packed CuOSG-NC structure was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. A simple, sensitive electrochemical approach was developed for the detection of L-vanillin, a widely used food preservative and potent antimicrobial agent, employing a CuOSG-NC modified graphite electrode. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the CuOSG-NC modified electrode demonstrated outstanding electrocatalytic activity for the L-vanillin oxidation in 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current showed linearity with the vanillin concentration ranging from 3.3 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to 1<em>.</em>7 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M, achieving a limit of detection 1.1 × 10<sup>−6</sup> M (S/N = 3). The modified electrode for L-vanillin detection provided benefits including simple preparation, high sensitivity, and strong stability. Its practical use as an amperometric sensor for L-vanillin in flow systems was assessed through chronoamperometric analysis. Additionally, the modified electrode was effectively applied to determine vanillin in commercial roasted coffee bean samples, highlighting its potential for real-world applications in food products. Future research could explore the adaptation of this CuOSG-NC based electrochemical sensor for detecting other phenolic compounds or emerging contaminants, broadening its applications in food safety and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117832
Noaman Khan , Saifullah Afridi , Mustafa Soylak , Muhammad Asad , Mansoor Khan , Mohibullah Shah , Naeem Khan , Riaz Ullah , Essam A. Ali , Wei Sun , Amir Badshah , Umar Nishan
Uric acid serves as a vital diagnostic marker for various diseases like arthritis, gout, leukemia, etc. Accurate quantification is critical for effective diagnosis, monitoring, and management of various pathological conditions. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional silver-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Ag@g-C3N4) as a non-enzymatic colorimetric sensing platform for uric acid. The synthesis was confirmed through various spectroscopic techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the characteristic peaks for graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and Ag@g-C3N4 nanocomposite, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed the nanoporous morphology of the material. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and elemental mapping confirmed the presence of various constituent elements and their homogenous distribution respectively. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was used as a new colorimetric sensing platform for uric acid sensing employing 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as an indicating material. This fabricated sensing platform detected uric acid with excellent sensitivity (LOD, 0.12 µM), a wide linear range (1–81 µM) with R2 = 0.998, and good selectivity. The proposed sensor worked best at 4 mg of the nanocomposite, pH 6, TMB 15 mM, and 20 mM of H2O2, with a response time of 150 seconds. Furthermore, the proposed sensor successfully detected uric acid in real urine sample solutions with good sensitivity and selectivity.
{"title":"Colorimetric insights: Harnessing silver-doped graphitic carbon nitride for uric acid detection","authors":"Noaman Khan , Saifullah Afridi , Mustafa Soylak , Muhammad Asad , Mansoor Khan , Mohibullah Shah , Naeem Khan , Riaz Ullah , Essam A. Ali , Wei Sun , Amir Badshah , Umar Nishan","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uric acid serves as a vital diagnostic marker for various diseases like arthritis, gout, leukemia, etc. Accurate quantification is critical for effective diagnosis, monitoring, and management of various pathological conditions. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional silver-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Ag@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) as a non-enzymatic colorimetric sensing platform for uric acid. The synthesis was confirmed through various spectroscopic techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the characteristic peaks for graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) and Ag@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed the nanoporous morphology of the material. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and elemental mapping confirmed the presence of various constituent elements and their homogenous distribution respectively. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was used as a new colorimetric sensing platform for uric acid sensing employing 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as an indicating material. This fabricated sensing platform detected uric acid with excellent sensitivity (LOD, 0.12 µM), a wide linear range (1–81 µM) with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998, and good selectivity. The proposed sensor worked best at 4 mg of the nanocomposite, pH 6, TMB 15 mM, and 20 mM of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, with a response time of 150 seconds. Furthermore, the proposed sensor successfully detected uric acid in real urine sample solutions with good sensitivity and selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117832"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117830
Rassol Hamed Rasheed , Abdulrahman T. Ahmed , R. Khaurshead , Prakash Kanjariya , Asha Rajiv , Barno Abdullaeva , Aman Shankhyan , Kamal Kant Joshi , Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
Current research in energy storage is primarily focused on innovating affordable electroactive materials with superior specific capacitance. We introduce a two-step, successful approach for developing hierarchical, binder-free arrays of NiZn-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on polyaniline-coated copper sheet. The NiZn-LDH/PANI/Cu electrode material's structural and surface properties were analyzed using techniques such as FESEM, HRTEM, XPS, and XRD. In a two-electrode supercapacitor (SC) setup, electrochemical evaluations revealed the outstanding performance of the electrode. The sample achieved a maximum energy density of 32 Wh kg−1, a specific capacitance of 358.75 F g−1, and impressive cycling stability, maintaining 90 % of its capacitance after 5000 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of the NiZn-LDH/PANI/Cu SC as a viable energy storage solution. By leveraging the synergistic effects of the composite materials, this approach not only enhances energy density and capacitance but also ensures long-term stability and reliability. Ultimately, this work contributes to the development of advanced SC technologies that can meet the increasing demands for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of hierarchical NiZn layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays on polyaniline for enhanced supercapacitor performance","authors":"Rassol Hamed Rasheed , Abdulrahman T. Ahmed , R. Khaurshead , Prakash Kanjariya , Asha Rajiv , Barno Abdullaeva , Aman Shankhyan , Kamal Kant Joshi , Abdulrahman A. Almehizia","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current research in energy storage is primarily focused on innovating affordable electroactive materials with superior specific capacitance. We introduce a two-step, successful approach for developing hierarchical, binder-free arrays of NiZn-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets on polyaniline-coated copper sheet. The NiZn-LDH/PANI/Cu electrode material's structural and surface properties were analyzed using techniques such as FESEM, HRTEM, XPS, and XRD. In a two-electrode supercapacitor (SC) setup, electrochemical evaluations revealed the outstanding performance of the electrode. The sample achieved a maximum energy density of 32 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>, a specific capacitance of 358.75 F g<sup>−1</sup>, and impressive cycling stability, maintaining 90 % of its capacitance after 5000 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of the NiZn-LDH/PANI/Cu SC as a viable energy storage solution. By leveraging the synergistic effects of the composite materials, this approach not only enhances energy density and capacitance but also ensures long-term stability and reliability. Ultimately, this work contributes to the development of advanced SC technologies that can meet the increasing demands for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117828
Cam Hong Thi Nguyen , Minh Duy Hoang , Thanh Tien Nguyen , Tam Huu Nguyen , Thao Phuong Le Nguyen , Le-Thu Thi Nguyen , Hai Le Tran , Mai Ha Hoang , Ha Tran Nguyen
The rapid, selective and trace detection of nitroaromatic compounds is a critical global concern for public security and pollution control due to their potent explosive properties, toxic effects, and significant environmental impact. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient fluorescent sensor using hyperbranched conjugated copolymers (HPCs) containing dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) units for the first time to detect picric acid (PA) in all three states: solution, solid, and vapor. Two novel DTP-based HPCs, poly(TPA-alt-DTP) and poly(TPB-alt-DTP), were synthesized through a one-step A2 + B3 direct arylation polycondensation under aerobic conditions of DTP and tribromoaryl monomers such as triphenylamine (TPA) and triphenylbenzene (TPB). These hyperbranched polymers exhibited strong fluorescence and effective PA detection, achieving a very low detection limit of less than 1 μM. Furthermore, they demonstrated excellent selectivity for PA, reaching a fluorescence quenching efficiency of up to 90 % compared to other nitroaromatic interferences. The resulting polymers exhibited superior fluorescent quenching performance due to the hyperbranched structure in the backbone, which provided multi-dimensional transport pathways for excitons to migrate from the electron-rich polymer to the electron-deficient PA through a combination of static quenching and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms. In comparison to previous reports, polymer-based fluorescent probes performed exceptionally well in solid and vapor states, sensing PA concentrations as low as 10−15 M using paper tests. The paper sensors proved effective in determining PA in solid, solution, and vapor forms, thereby enhancing their potential for on-site applications.
{"title":"Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-based hyperbranched conjugated copolymers as efficient fluorescent probes for the trace detection of picric acid","authors":"Cam Hong Thi Nguyen , Minh Duy Hoang , Thanh Tien Nguyen , Tam Huu Nguyen , Thao Phuong Le Nguyen , Le-Thu Thi Nguyen , Hai Le Tran , Mai Ha Hoang , Ha Tran Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid, selective and trace detection of nitroaromatic compounds is a critical global concern for public security and pollution control due to their potent explosive properties, toxic effects, and significant environmental impact. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient fluorescent sensor using hyperbranched conjugated copolymers (HPCs) containing dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) units for the first time to detect picric acid (PA) in all three states: solution, solid, and vapor. Two novel DTP-based HPCs, poly(TPA-<em>alt</em>-DTP) and poly(TPB-<em>alt</em>-DTP), were synthesized through a one-step A<sub>2</sub> + B<sub>3</sub> direct arylation polycondensation under aerobic conditions of DTP and tribromoaryl monomers such as triphenylamine (TPA) and triphenylbenzene (TPB). These hyperbranched polymers exhibited strong fluorescence and effective PA detection, achieving a very low detection limit of less than 1 μM. Furthermore, they demonstrated excellent selectivity for PA, reaching a fluorescence quenching efficiency of up to 90 % compared to other nitroaromatic interferences. The resulting polymers exhibited superior fluorescent quenching performance due to the hyperbranched structure in the backbone, which provided multi-dimensional transport pathways for excitons to migrate from the electron-rich polymer to the electron-deficient PA through a combination of static quenching and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms. In comparison to previous reports, polymer-based fluorescent probes performed exceptionally well in solid and vapor states, sensing PA concentrations as low as 10<sup>−15</sup> M using paper tests. The paper sensors proved effective in determining PA in solid, solution, and vapor forms, thereby enhancing their potential for on-site applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117827
Mohamed M. Elnaggar , Lyubov A. Frolova , Nikita A. Emelianov , Ivan Komarov , Pavel A. Troshin
Herein, we explored the application of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) electron transport material for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We obtained a modest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.0 % using PTCDA alone to form electron-transport layer (ETL) of p-i-n devices, whereas the combination of PCTDA with C60 within a binary ETL delivered PCE of 19.8 %. The improved efficiency reached with binary ETL can be attributed to its ability to facilitate charge transfer and passivate traps the surface of the perovskite layer thus reducing recombination losses at the absorber/ETL interface. Further insights were provided by IR s-SNOM microscopy, which revealed that the binary C60/PTCDA ETL has a highly uniform and homogeneous structure with low density of defects and pinholes, thus ensuring effective isolation of MAPbI3 and effective operation of PSCs. Moreover, the binary C60/PTCDA ETL improved the stability of PSCs under ambient conditions, so the devices exhibited no signs of degradation after 1000 h. These findings feature the potential of PTCDA as a promising organic component for designing engineered multicomponent ETLs for improving the performance and stability of PSCs.
{"title":"Improving efficiency and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells using C60/PTCDA binary electron transport layer","authors":"Mohamed M. Elnaggar , Lyubov A. Frolova , Nikita A. Emelianov , Ivan Komarov , Pavel A. Troshin","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we explored the application of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) electron transport material for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We obtained a modest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.0 % using PTCDA alone to form electron-transport layer (ETL) of p-i-n devices, whereas the combination of PCTDA with C<sub>60</sub> within a binary ETL delivered PCE of 19.8 %. The improved efficiency reached with binary ETL can be attributed to its ability to facilitate charge transfer and passivate traps the surface of the perovskite layer thus reducing recombination losses at the absorber/ETL interface. Further insights were provided by IR s-SNOM microscopy, which revealed that the binary C<sub>60</sub>/PTCDA ETL has a highly uniform and homogeneous structure with low density of defects and pinholes, thus ensuring effective isolation of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and effective operation of PSCs. Moreover, the binary C<sub>60</sub>/PTCDA ETL improved the stability of PSCs under ambient conditions, so the devices exhibited no signs of degradation after 1000 h. These findings feature the potential of PTCDA as a promising organic component for designing engineered multicomponent ETLs for improving the performance and stability of PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117826
Yu Hua , Hoimin Kim , Li Wang , Young Yong Kim , Boseok Kang , Guobing Zhang
Three small molecules with acceptor-donor-acceptor structure, featuring multi-fused rings (pentacyclic, heptacyclic, and octacyclic arenes) as donors and fluorinated benzothiadiazole as acceptor were synthesized and characterized for their applications in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors. The impact of different fused-ring structures of donor units on the optical and electrochemical properties, crystal structure, and charge carrier of the small molecule were systematically studied. The small molecule containing heptacyclic ladder-type arene demonstrated the highest field-effect performances, achieving a hole mobility of 0.29 cm2V–1s–1. Additionally, devices processed with non-chlorinated solvents also showed excellent mobility, approximately 0.20 cm2V–1s–1.
{"title":"A-D-A small molecules featuring multi-fused rings and fluorinated benzothiadiazole for solution-processed organic field-effect transistors","authors":"Yu Hua , Hoimin Kim , Li Wang , Young Yong Kim , Boseok Kang , Guobing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three small molecules with acceptor-donor-acceptor structure, featuring multi-fused rings (pentacyclic, heptacyclic, and octacyclic arenes) as donors and fluorinated benzothiadiazole as acceptor were synthesized and characterized for their applications in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors. The impact of different fused-ring structures of donor units on the optical and electrochemical properties, crystal structure, and charge carrier of the small molecule were systematically studied. The small molecule containing heptacyclic ladder-type arene demonstrated the highest field-effect performances, achieving a hole mobility of 0.29 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>–1</sup>s<sup>–1</sup>. Additionally, devices processed with non-chlorinated solvents also showed excellent mobility, approximately 0.20 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>–1</sup>s<sup>–1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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