Synthetic Metals最新文献_第2页

Xanthan gum biopolymer gated low voltage-operating photo synaptic organic field-effect transistor for neuromorphic electronics 用于神经形态电子学的黄原胶生物聚合物门控低电压工作光突触有机场效应晶体管

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117778

Bishwajit Mandal , M. Raveendra Kiran , Samarendra Pratap Singh

Low voltage-operating light-stimulated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are attracting huge attention due to their potential for developing photonic neuromorphic synapse-based neural networks resembling the human brain. The OFETs based on environment friendly biocompatible materials and processability are highly desired for realizing photo synaptic elements. In this report, we demonstrate a low voltage-operating Xanthan gum-gated poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl) thieno[3,2-b] thiophene) [PBTTT-C14] based OFETs, exhibiting photo synaptic behavior at

-

0.3 V. The basic photo response parameters such as photoresponsivity, detectivity, and photocurrent to dark current ratio of the OFETs are estimated to quantify the photo synaptic behavior of the OFETs. We report the fundamental neurobiological characteristics such as excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC), pair pulse facilitation (PPF), short-term plasticity (STP), long-term plasticity (LTP), learning-forgetting-memorizing (LFM), and conversion of STP to LTP for the Xanthan gum-gated PBTTT-C14-based OFETs. Furthermore, we showcase the electronic "OR" logic operations by employing the OFETs and replicate the Pavlovian conditioning experiment to mimic the associative learning phenomenon. Using these photo synaptic OFETs, we replicate human emotion and mood-swing-dependence learning and memory behavior which is an important aspect of cognitive learning. The OFETs exhibit fairly low energy consumption

\sim

100 pJ per optical operation to perform synaptic responses. We interpret and attribute the observed neuromorphic behavior to the charge-trapping occurring at the semiconductor-dielectric interface and bulk traps in OFETs. The presented results broaden opportunities to the device communities for building artificial complex neural networks using energy-efficient bio-polymer gated photo synaptic OFETs.

低电压工作的光刺激有机场效应晶体管（OFET）因其在开发类似人脑的光子神经形态突触神经网络方面的潜力而备受关注。基于环境友好型生物兼容材料和可加工性的 OFET 是实现光突触元件的殷切希望。在本报告中，我们展示了一种基于黄原胶门控的低电压操作聚（2,5-双（3-烷基噻吩-2-基）噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩）[PBTTT-C14]OFET，在-0.3 V电压下表现出光突触行为。我们估算了 OFET 的基本光响应参数，如光致共振性、可探测性和光电流与暗电流比，以量化 OFET 的光突触行为。我们报告了基于黄原胶门控 PBTTT-C14 的 OFET 的基本神经生物学特性，如兴奋性突触后电流（EPSC）、对脉冲促进（PPF）、短期可塑性（STP）、长期可塑性（LTP）、学习-遗忘-记忆（LFM）以及 STP 到 LTP 的转换。此外，我们还利用 OFET 展示了电子 "OR "逻辑运算，并复制了巴甫洛夫条件反射实验，以模仿联想学习现象。利用这些光突触 OFET，我们复制了人类的情感和情绪波动依赖性学习和记忆行为，这是认知学习的一个重要方面。这种 OFET 在执行突触反应时每次光学操作的能耗相当低，仅为 100 pJ。我们将观察到的神经形态行为解释并归因于发生在 OFET 中半导体-电介质界面和体陷阱的电荷捕获。这些结果为设备界利用高能效生物聚合物门控光突触 OFET 构建人工复杂神经网络提供了更多机会。

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引用次数: 0

A review on the recent progress in thermoelectric aerogels: Fabrications, generators, marine harvesting, sensors, and thermocells applications 热电气凝胶最新进展综述：制造、发电机、海洋采集、传感器和热电偶应用

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117776

Nawal Alghamdi , Ahmed G. El-Shamy

Thermoelectric (TE) aerogels, as new class of TE materials, and their devices have recently captured the attention of the scientific community, as they have the features of both TE materials and aerogels in harvesting heat to electricity, low density, high porosity, super-low thermal conductivity, abundance, affordability and being environmentally friendly compared to the traditional TE materials. Therefore, the progress in fabrication processes of organic, inorganic and their hybrid aerogels has been extensively grown nowadays to obtain desirable TE aerogels and overcome their limitations in terms of low figure of merit (zT), scalability, mechanical durability, long-term stability, and reliability of flexible and stretchable thermoelectric aerogels are challenges today. This drives the researchers, in the last two decades, to increase the development of TE aerogels and reach the unobtainable TE modules, with new and desirable modular architectures (thicknesses/surfaces) and bendable features at the same time. Therefore, this study does not only introduce a summary of recent works in terms of their (organic, inorganic, and/or hybrid) structures, fabrication methods, TE functions, and key factors impacting TE functions and their related mechanisms, but it answers some important questions such as: Why is the aerogel considered as an important TE material?. And another question is: Is it possible to achieve a polymeric (PEDOT:PSS and/or others) aerogel with high electrical conductivity σ > 100 Scm⁻¹ and low thermal conductivity k < 100 mWmK⁻¹ without any additives?. And also another pivotal question: To what extent can aerogels replace the traditional TE materials?. Then, the wide range/variety of TE aerogel applications such as generators, single, dual and/or multifunction sensors, internet of things (IoT), thermocells, and ocean (marine) energy harvesting have been briefly described. In conclusions, the highlights on the current challenges and some preliminary proposals for future work perspectives are offered.

热电气凝胶（TE）作为一类新型的热电材料及其装置最近引起了科学界的关注，因为与传统的热电材料相比，热电气凝胶具有热电材料和气凝胶的双重特点，即集热发电、低密度、高孔隙率、超低导热率、丰富性、经济性和环保性。因此，有机、无机及其混合气凝胶的制造工艺在当今得到了广泛的发展，以获得理想的热电效应气凝胶，并克服其在低优点系数（zT）、可扩展性、机械耐久性、长期稳定性以及柔性和可拉伸热电气凝胶的可靠性等方面的局限性，这些都是当今面临的挑战。这促使研究人员在过去二十年中加大了对热电气凝胶的开发力度，并同时利用新的、理想的模块结构（厚度/表面）和可弯曲特性来实现无法实现的热电模块。因此，本研究不仅从（有机、无机和/或混合）结构、制造方法、TE 功能、影响 TE 功能的关键因素及其相关机制等方面介绍了最新研究成果，还回答了一些重要问题，如为什么气凝胶被认为是一种重要的 TE 材料？另一个问题是：是否有可能在不使用任何添加剂的情况下实现具有高电导率 σ > 100 Scm-1 和低热导率 k < 100 mWmK-1 的聚合物（PEDOT:PSS 和/或其他）气凝胶？还有另一个关键问题：气凝胶能在多大程度上取代传统的 TE 材料？然后，简要介绍了 TE 气凝胶的广泛/多样化应用，如发电机、单传感器、双传感器和/或多功能传感器、物联网（IoT）、热电偶和海洋能量采集。最后，重点介绍了当前面临的挑战以及对未来工作前景的一些初步建议。

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引用次数: 0

Design and synthesis of pyridine-bridged benzothiazole-based D-A system for SRAM memory devices 设计和合成用于 SRAM 存储器件的吡啶桥接苯并噻唑基 D-A 系统

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117777

Asit Hait , Varghese Maria Angela , Paliyottil Kesavan Bhagyanath , Predhanekar Mohamed Imran , Nattamai.S.P. Bhuvanesh , Samuthira Nagarajan

This study focused on designing small donor-acceptor (D-A) frameworks for resistive memory devices. We synthesized five new organic molecules using pyridine bridged to benzothiazole and various donor moieties (triphenylamine, naphthalene, benzothiophene, t-butyl phenyl, and mesityl group) via Suzuki cross-coupling to study their memory performance. The compounds with triphenylamine and naphthalene exhibited good semiconductor behavior, with a band gap of 3.11 eV and 3.44 eV, respectively. The benzothiazole moiety, employed as a shallow trap in the acceptor segment, demonstrated the SRAM characteristics of all devices. This study examined how varying the potency of electron-donating substituents impacts charge transfer and volatile memory behavior in a small D-A system. Memory devices with triphenylamine and naphthalene donors showed binary SRAM behavior with high ON/OFF ratios of 2.82 × 10³ and 2.36 × 10³, while t-butylphenyl and mesityl donors exhibited lower ratios of 1.43 × 10¹ and 4.08 × 10¹, respectively. All the compounds exhibited switching characteristics at a low threshold voltage of −1 to −1.3 V. The analysis of HOMO, LUMO energy levels, and ESP images of all compounds from the DFT study, collectively indicate charge transfer and trapping are the operative mechanisms in volatile SRAM devices.

这项研究的重点是设计用于电阻式存储器件的小型供体-受体（D-A）框架。我们利用吡啶与苯并噻唑桥接，并通过铃木交叉偶联合成了五种新的有机分子，这些分子具有不同的供体分子（三苯胺、萘、苯并噻吩、叔丁基苯基和间苯二酚基团），并研究了它们的记忆性能。含有三苯胺和萘的化合物表现出良好的半导体性能，其带隙分别为 3.11 eV 和 3.44 eV。苯并噻唑分子被用作受体段的浅阱，显示了所有器件的 SRAM 特性。这项研究考察了不同电子捐赠取代基的效力如何影响小型 D-A 系统中的电荷转移和挥发性存储器行为。含有三苯胺和萘供体的存储器件显示出二元 SRAM 行为，具有 2.82 × 103 和 2.36 × 103 的高导通/关断比，而叔丁基苯基和间苯二酚供体则显示出较低的导通/关断比，分别为 1.43 × 101 和 4.08 × 101。所有化合物都在-1 至-1.3 V 的低阈值电压下显示出开关特性。DFT 研究对所有化合物的 HOMO、LUMO 能级和 ESP 图像的分析表明，电荷转移和捕获是挥发性 SRAM 器件的运行机制。

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引用次数: 0

Synergetic effect of hexaferrite and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in photothermal therapy and hyperthermia applications 六价铁和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）在光热疗法和热疗应用中的协同效应

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117775

Muhammad Jamshaid Shabbir , Ruqyya Aqeel , Miqdad Hassan , Farhan Sadiq , Imran Sadiq , N. Bano , Abdul Moqeet Hai , Robert C. Pullar , Muhammad Raheel , Muhammad Talha Arif , Samreen Saeed , Saira Riaz , Shahzad Naseem

This research article describes the synthesis of composite materials by combining T-type hexagonal ferrite and reduced Graphene Oxide using the standard ceramic process. The Calcium-based T-type hexagonal ferrite was synthesized by using the sol-gel auto-combustion method while the reduced graphene oxide by adopting the Hummer method. The crystallite size varied in the range of 23.38 -39.16 nm as calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Consequently, the lattice parameters 'a' and 'c' decreased from 5.9 to 5.1 Å and from 29.92 to 28.32 Å, respectively. The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed a range of particle sizes at the surface, varying from 1.70 nm to 3.85 nm. Moreover, the saturation and remanence magnetization values demonstrated an increasing trend with T-type hexaferrites concentration whereas the coercivity decreased. The UV–vis near-infrared spectra exhibited substantial light absorption, characterized by a wide absorption range in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) region (700–1100 nm) which indicates its use in Photothermal therapy (PTT). The Calcium T- type hexaferrite exhibited clear peaks in the blue, green, violet, and yellow spectra in its photoluminescence (PL) properties. These peaks are believed to be caused by oxygen vacancies and defects. The synthesized samples displayed a lossy behavior in the polarization-electric field (P-E) loop, with saturation polarization levels exceeding remnant polarization, which is an amenable condition for lossy behavior. Most importantly, the synthesized materials had significant thermal responses when exposed to an alternation (AC) magnetic field, indicating their potential use in magnetic hyperthermia applications.

本文介绍了利用标准陶瓷工艺将 T 型六方铁氧体和还原型氧化石墨烯合成复合材料的过程。钙基 T 型六方铁氧体采用溶胶-凝胶自燃法合成，还原型氧化石墨烯采用悍马法合成。根据 X 射线衍射（XRD）数据计算得出的晶体尺寸变化范围为 23.38 -39.16 nm。因此，晶格参数 "a "和 "c "分别从 5.9 Å 降至 5.1 Å 和从 29.92 Å 降至 28.32 Å。原子力显微镜（AFM）显示了表面的颗粒尺寸范围，从 1.70 纳米到 3.85 纳米不等。此外，饱和磁化值和剩磁磁化值随着 T 型六氟化碳浓度的增加而呈上升趋势，而矫顽力则有所下降。紫外-可见光近红外光谱显示了大量的光吸收，其特点是在可见光和近红外（NIR）区域（700-1100 nm）有很宽的吸收范围，这表明它可用于光热疗法（PTT）。T 型六价钙铁的光致发光（PL）特性在蓝色、绿色、紫色和黄色光谱中表现出明显的峰值。这些峰值被认为是由氧空位和缺陷引起的。合成样品在极化-电场（P-E）环路中显示出有损行为，饱和极化水平超过了残余极化，这是有损行为的一个有利条件。最重要的是，合成材料在暴露于交变（交流）磁场时具有显著的热反应，这表明它们在磁性热疗应用中具有潜在的用途。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation into effects of heteroatom-tailored donor engineering on thermoelectric performance of cyclopentadithiophene-based copolymers 杂原子定制供体工程对环戊二烯基噻吩共聚物热电性能影响的研究

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117774

Hui-Ping Li , Cai-Yan Gao , Yongjie Chen , Xin-Heng Fan , Ying-Feng Li , Lian-Ming Yang

The past years have witnessed the rapid development of organic conjugated polymer thermoelectric (TE) materials profiting from new combinations of popular donor and acceptor units as well as the exploration for novel classes of donors and/or acceptors. Nevertheless, the relationship between the structures and properties of those TE materials remains far less known due probably to the complexity of variables involved in this regard. Factually, minimizing structural variables is more helpful to gain an in-depth insight into the structure–property relationship. In this work, two DA alternative copolymers were designed and synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction of the difluorinated benzotriazole acceptor unit with the N- or Si-substituted cyclopentadithiophene (CPD) donor unit, and systematically compared with the previously reported C-substituted analogue to reveal the influence of the heteroatom-tailored donor engineering on the molecular configuration and the physicochemical properties of the polymers. As a result, the FeCl₃-doped N-substituted polymer harvested a largest Seebeck coefficient of approximately 162.4 µV K⁻¹ as well as a highest electrical conductivity of about 12.8 S cm⁻¹, profiting primarily from a higher carrier mobility resulting from the good ππ stacking and a shallower HOMO level. As anticipated, a best power factor was achieved to be around 11.6 µW m⁻¹ K⁻², which is around one order of magnitude higher than that of the Si-substituted one, even much higher than that of C-substituted P(CPD-BTA-2F). This research is expected to afford an important guidance for purposefully designing the high-performance TE polymers in the future.

过去几年来，有机共轭聚合物热电（TE）材料发展迅速，其中得益于常用供体和受体单元的新组合，以及对新型供体和/或受体的探索。然而，这些热电材料的结构与性能之间的关系仍然鲜为人知，这可能是由于这方面涉及的变量非常复杂。事实上，尽量减少结构变量更有助于深入了解结构与性能之间的关系。在这项工作中，通过二氟苯并三唑受体单元与 N 或 Si 取代的环戊二烯噻吩（CPD）供体单元的 Stille 偶联反应，设计并合成了两种 DA 替代共聚物，并与之前报道的 C 取代类似物进行了系统比较，以揭示杂原子定制供体工程对聚合物分子构型和理化性质的影响。结果，掺杂了 FeCl3 的 N 取代聚合物获得了最大的塞贝克系数（约 162.4 µV K-1）和最高的导电率（约 12.8 S cm-1），这主要得益于良好的 ππ 堆叠和较浅的 HOMO 水平带来的较高载流子迁移率。正如预期的那样，最佳功率因数达到了约 11.6 µW m-1 K-2，比硅取代的功率因数高出约一个数量级，甚至远高于 C 取代的 P(CPD-BTA-2F)。这项研究有望为今后有针对性地设计高性能 TE 聚合物提供重要指导。

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引用次数: 0

Photonic device application of a self-driven MXene based nanocomposite 基于自驱动 MXene 的纳米复合材料的光子设备应用

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117770

Kadir Demirelli , Ayşegül Dere , Esra Barım , Hülya Tuncer , Fahrettin Yakuphanoğlu

MXene based ternary composite photonic device was fabricated and characterized for the detection of different illuminations. The single chain polymer-cobalt phthallocyanine (SCP-CoPc) carrying metallised pthalocyanine macro ring was used as a polymer for the preparation of ternary composite. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) were used to differentiate MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc composite prepared. The presence of Ti, C, O, Zn and Co elements in the structure of the composite was confirmed by EDX. The electrical properties of planar interdigital coated MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc (1:1:1 by wt) were investigated for photovoltaic application. The photo-generated carriers contribute to the current flow, and the linear photoconductivity behaviour in current measurements with different illuminations such as 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mW/cm² indicates the possible photo device use of MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc nanocomposite. The photocurrent increased from 20 mA/cm² to 100 mA/cm² with the light intensity at 0.5 V was tuned from 28 to 280 μA. The forbidden energy gap (Eg) value of the MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc ternary composite from optical measurements was found to be 2.36 eV. Experimental results showed that the presence of SCP-CoPc and ZnO (zinc oxide) in the ternary nanocomposite increased the ε' and ε" values of MXene. The ε′ and ε″ of the ternary composite is 13.0, 26217 at 1 kHz and room temperature, respectively. The current-time results suggest that MXene based ternary composite photonic device is a self driven photodevice as the device can detect light without any external voltage bias.

制备并鉴定了基于 MXene 的三元复合光子器件，用于检测不同的光照。单链聚合物-酞菁钴（SCP-CoPc）携带金属化酞菁大环，被用作制备三元复合材料的聚合物。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱（SEM/EDX）被用来区分所制备的 MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc 复合材料。EDX 证实了复合材料结构中 Ti、C、O、Zn 和 Co 元素的存在。研究了平面间镀层 MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc（重量比为 1:1:1）在光伏应用中的电学特性。在 20、40、60、80 和 100 mW/cm2 等不同光照条件下进行的电流测量中，光生载流子对电流有贡献，其线性光电导行为表明 MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc 纳米复合材料可能用于光电设备。光电流从 20 mA/cm2 增加到 100 mA/cm2，0.5 V 时的光强从 28 μA 调整到 280 μA。光学测量发现，MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc 三元复合材料的禁带能隙（Eg）值为 2.36 eV。实验结果表明，三元纳米复合材料中 SCP-CoPc 和 ZnO（氧化锌）的存在增加了 MXene 的 ε'和 ε "值。在 1 kHz 和室温下，三元复合材料的ε′和ε″分别为 13.0 和 26217。电流-时间结果表明，基于 MXene 的三元复合光子器件是一种自驱动光子器件，因为该器件可以在没有任何外部电压偏置的情况下检测光。

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引用次数: 0

Tuning structural and optical properties of GO@Mn-doped Co3O4 hybrid nanocomposite by a facile synthesis 通过简易合成调控 GO@Mn 掺杂 Co3O4 混合纳米复合材料的结构和光学特性

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117771

Khizar Hayat, Misbah Kiran, Muhammad Imran Yousaf

Metal and metal oxide materials are mostly used to tune the optical characteristics. The optical and systemic effects of pure Cobalt Oxide (Co₃O₄) are examined by knocking out the dissimilar assemblage of Manganese (Mn) ions using the co-precipitation method. Graphene oxide (GO) reduces the optical band gap and enhances the effects of ethical Co₃O₄ and MnCo₃O₄ by hydrothermal procedure. The percentage of Mn over pure Co₃O₄ was 0.09 wt%, 0.18 wt%, 0.27 wt%, and GO doped over MnCo₃O₄ was 1 wt%. Remarkably, spinel-type cobalt oxide has two participation band gaps at 494 nm and 772 nm of nanocomposites which then shifted from 494 nm to 510 nm and 772 nm to 779 nm with the doping of GO. The result describes that the band gap was minimized from 1.76 eV to 1.59 eV respectively to accommodate the density of states by doping of Mn ions and GO. Conductivity and optical absorbance were also increased by doping assemblage of Mn ions and GO. XRD peaks show the FCC crystalline structure of Co₃O₄, and the GO peak disappeared for @MnCo₃O₄, indicating that GO was completely reduced to rGO during the synthesis process.

金属和金属氧化物材料通常用于调节光学特性。通过共沉淀法去除锰（Mn）离子的异种组合，研究了纯氧化钴（Co3O4）的光学效应和系统效应。通过水热法，氧化石墨烯（GO）降低了光带隙，增强了伦理 Co3O4 和 MnCo3O4 的效果。锰在纯 Co3O4 中的比例分别为 0.09 wt%、0.18 wt%、0.27 wt%，而 GO 在 MnCo3O4 中的掺杂比例为 1 wt%。值得注意的是，尖晶石型氧化钴在纳米复合材料的 494 纳米和 772 纳米处有两个参与带隙，随着 GO 的掺入，带隙从 494 纳米转移到 510 纳米，从 772 纳米转移到 779 纳米。结果表明，通过掺杂锰离子和 GO，带隙分别从 1.76 eV 减小到 1.59 eV，以适应态密度。锰离子和 GO 的掺杂组合还提高了导电性和光吸收率。XRD 峰显示了 Co3O4 的 FCC 晶体结构，@MnCo3O4 的 GO 峰消失，表明在合成过程中 GO 已完全还原为 rGO。

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引用次数: 0

Quinoxaline based A-A type polymer donors for non-fullerene polymer solar cells 用于非富勒烯聚合物太阳能电池的基于喹喔啉的 A-A 型聚合物供体

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117773

Xingjian Jiang, Ming Liu, Daizhe Wang, Yong Zhang

In this study, we designed and synthesized two polymers, PDFBT-Qx and PDTBT-Qx, using the quinoxaline unit containing a long alkyl side chain as an unit and DTBT with or without fluorine atom as the other unit, respectively. The optical and electrochemical properties of the above two polymer donors were studied, and the optical bandgaps of PDTBT-Qx and PDFBT-Qx were 1.59 eV and 1.69 eV, respectively. The optical and electrochemical properties of the above two polymer donors were studied, and the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of PDTBT-Qx and PDFBT-Qx were obtained, and the energy levels of L8-BO were compared to explore the feasibility of the study. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) were prepared by blending with the non-fullerene acceptor material L8-BO. Finally, it was found that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) based on PDFBT-Qx:L8-BO and PDTBT-Qx:L8-BO was 7.2 % and 3.5 %, respectively. The systematic analysis of the optical properties, electronic energy level, charge transport, photovoltaic performance, charge dissociation efficiency and surface morphology of the material shows that the F atom can not only reduce the HOMO energy level of the donor material to improve the V_OC of the device due to its huge electronegativity. Furthermore, when the fluorine atom is introduced into the polymer skeleton, it can form weak intermolecular forces (F—S) with the sulfur atom in DTBT. This fluorination strategy can enhance the rigidity of the polymer and is known as “the molecular lock effect”. This phenomenon is conducive to adjusting the morphology of the active layer and ultimately improving the efficiency of the device.

本研究以含有长烷基侧链的喹喔啉单元为一个单元，以含有或不含氟原子的 DTBT 为另一个单元，设计并合成了两种聚合物：PDFBT-Qx 和 PDTBT-Qx。研究了上述两种聚合物供体的光学和电化学性质，发现 PDTBT-Qx 和 PDFBT-Qx 的光带隙分别为 1.59 eV 和 1.69 eV。研究了上述两种聚合物给体的光学和电化学性质，得到了 PDTBT-Qx 和 PDFBT-Qx 的 HOMO 和 LUMO 能级，并比较了 L8-BO 的能级，探讨了研究的可行性。通过与非富勒烯受体材料 L8-BO 混合制备了聚合物太阳能电池（PSCs）。最后发现，基于 PDFBT-Qx:L8-BO 和 PDTBT-Qx:L8-BO 的功率转换效率（PCE）分别为 7.2 % 和 3.5 %。对材料的光学性质、电子能级、电荷传输、光伏性能、电荷解离效率和表面形貌的系统分析表明，由于氟原子具有巨大的电负性，它不仅可以降低供体材料的 HOMO 能级，从而提高器件的 VOC。此外，当氟原子被引入聚合物骨架时，它还能与 DTBT 中的硫原子形成微弱的分子间作用力（F-S）。这种氟化策略可以增强聚合物的刚性，被称为 "分子锁定效应"。这种现象有利于调整活性层的形态，最终提高器件的效率。

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引用次数: 0

Low-voltage turn-on in blue organic light-emitting diodes 蓝色有机发光二极管的低电压开启

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117772

Hiroto Iwasaki , Yutaka Majima , Seiichiro Izawa

The low-voltage operation of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is critical for reducing power consumption and improving device lifetime. This review briefly summarizes the history and origin of low-voltage electroluminescence and its realization in recent reports. In particular, upconversion OLEDs, which use the charge transfer state as an intermediate state to facilitate blue emission via triplet–triplet annihilation, present a promising solution. Thus, continued efforts aimed at reducing the driving voltage, including the exploration of new materials and device structures, are expected to significantly contribute to expanding the applications of blue OLEDs.

蓝色有机发光二极管（OLED）的低压工作对于降低功耗和提高器件寿命至关重要。本综述简要概述了低电压电致发光的历史和起源，以及近期报道中实现低电压电致发光的情况。特别是上转换 OLED，它利用电荷转移态作为中间态，通过三重三重湮灭促进蓝光发射，是一种很有前景的解决方案。因此，旨在降低驱动电压的持续努力，包括对新材料和器件结构的探索，有望为扩大蓝色有机发光二极管的应用范围做出重大贡献。

引用次数: 0

Conducting polymers based composite materials towards anticorrosion applications 基于导电聚合物的复合材料在防腐领域的应用

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Synthetic Metals

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117769

Yuqing Cao , Ling Zhu , Shuai Chen , Jie Fang , Lishan Liang , Youliang Shen

Metal based products are widely used, but they are susceptible to corrosion from environmental media, thereby affecting their performances and lifespan. Conducting polymers (CPs), as a series of important materials in organic electronics, have shown extensive corrosion prevention applications in fields such as ships and marine facilities, grounding system equipment, and military facilities, etc. Their development provides great safety, economic and social values, and has been one focus of academic and industrial circles. This is due to the unique reversible redox properties and tunability of CPs, which not only enable the rapid formation of passivation layer on the metal surface to prevent further corrosion from occurring. But at the same time, the coatings can be optimized according to different application requirements. This paper emphasizes the promising working mechanisms of CPs in anticorrosion field, introduces the commonly used methods for effectiveness evaluation, and also significantly discusses the aspects of their material system modulation and practical application. The existing challenges are also highlighted and future developments are prospected in detail. It is hoped to enlighten and drive scholars and technicians working in various cross-cutting areas covering anticorrosion, coatings, polymers, composites, and organic electronics, etc.

金属产品应用广泛，但容易受到环境介质的腐蚀，从而影响其性能和使用寿命。导电聚合物（CPs）作为一系列重要的有机电子材料，在船舶和海洋设施、接地系统设备、军事设施等领域有着广泛的防腐蚀应用。它们的开发具有巨大的安全、经济和社会价值，一直是学术界和工业界关注的焦点。这是因为氯化石蜡具有独特的可逆氧化还原特性和可调性，不仅能在金属表面快速形成钝化层，防止进一步腐蚀。同时，还可以根据不同的应用要求对涂层进行优化。本文强调了氯化石蜡在防腐领域大有可为的工作机理，介绍了常用的效果评估方法，并着重讨论了其材料体系调制和实际应用方面的问题。此外，还强调了现有的挑战，并详细展望了未来的发展。希望对从事防腐、涂料、聚合物、复合材料和有机电子等各交叉领域研究的学者和技术人员有所启发和推动。

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