The combination of polyaniline (PANI) with nickel-substituted cobalt ferrite creates a core-shell nanocomposite material that harnesses the beneficial properties of both materials. In this work, we synthesized nickel-substituted cobalt ferrite NixCo1-xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) nanocomposites using the solution combustion method and PANI composites by in situ polymerization techniques. The crystalline phase of the nanocomposites was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed an average crystallite size of 30.02–39.70 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups in the nanocomposites. The field-emission scanning electron micrograph (FESEM) showed the interaction between the cobalt-nickel particles and the PANI nanocomposites. The elemental composition was confirmed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The nanocomposites exhibit excellent magnetic properties, as confirmed by the results obtained using the physical property measurement system (PPMS 14 T). It was found that the magnetization increases with increasing Cobalt substitution. The highest shielding effectiveness value of 12.82 dB was obtained for the PANI/Ni0.4Co0.6Fe2O4 sample at 13.19 GHz. These core-shell nanocomposites possess potential applications in electromagnetic shielding.
{"title":"High-frequency EMI shielding performance of nickel-substituted cobalt nano-ferrites encapsulated by polyaniline","authors":"Ashwini Rayar , Prasanna G.D. , Shreedhara K.M. , Pamu Dobbidi , P.S.D. Rekha Phani , Naveen C.S.","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of polyaniline (PANI) with nickel-substituted cobalt ferrite creates a core-shell nanocomposite material that harnesses the beneficial properties of both materials. In this work, we synthesized nickel-substituted cobalt ferrite Ni<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) nanocomposites using the solution combustion method and PANI composites by in situ polymerization techniques. The crystalline phase of the nanocomposites was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed an average crystallite size of 30.02–39.70 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups in the nanocomposites. The field-emission scanning electron micrograph (FESEM) showed the interaction between the cobalt-nickel particles and the PANI nanocomposites. The elemental composition was confirmed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The nanocomposites exhibit excellent magnetic properties, as confirmed by the results obtained using the physical property measurement system (PPMS 14 T). It was found that the magnetization increases with increasing Cobalt substitution. The highest shielding effectiveness value of 12.82 dB was obtained for the PANI/Ni<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> sample at 13.19 GHz. These core-shell nanocomposites possess potential applications in electromagnetic shielding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite significant improvement in performance, green and simple preparation of Si/C anodes remains a challenge. Nevertheless, both high performance and green and simple preparation are equally important for the development of Si/C anodes. Herein, to balance the needs of Si/C anodes for the improved performance and the green and simple preparation methods, B-Si NPs@C composites composed of cost-effective irregular Si particles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derived carbon have been prepared by using only PEG reagent as the carbon source and dispersant and just involving ball-milling and carbonization processes. This preparation strategy shows relatively green and simple characteristics. More importantly, thus PEG-derived carbon coating effectively mitigates the problems of large volumetric expansions and poor conductivity faced by Si anodes. Consequently, B-Si NPs@C-2 with the optimized carbon coating shows superior lithium storage performance, with 1055.1 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 400 mA g−1 and 733.3 mAh g−1 after 1100 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. Taking into account the advantages of the relatively green and simple preparation process and the superb performance of B-Si NPs@C-2, this study might pave the way towards a green and more sustainable development of the advanced Si/C anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
尽管性能有了显著的提高，但绿色和简单的Si/C阳极制备仍然是一个挑战。然而，高性能、绿色和简单的制备对于Si/C阳极的发展同样重要。为了平衡Si/C阳极对性能提高的需求和绿色简单的制备方法，本文仅以聚乙二醇（PEG）衍生碳为碳源和分散剂，采用PEG试剂作为碳源和分散剂，制备了经济高效的不规则Si颗粒包覆聚乙二醇（PEG）衍生碳的B-Si NPs@C复合材料。该制备策略具有相对绿色、简单的特点。更重要的是，聚乙二醇衍生的碳涂层有效地缓解了硅阳极面临的体积膨胀大和导电性差的问题。因此，具有优化碳涂层的B-Si NPs@C-2表现出优异的锂存储性能，在400 mA g−1下，300次循环后的锂存储性能为1055.1 mAh g−1，在1000 mA g−1下，1100次循环后的锂存储性能为733.3 mAh g−1。考虑到B-Si NPs@C-2相对绿色简单的制备工艺和优异的性能，本研究可能为锂离子电池先进Si/C阳极的绿色和可持续发展铺平道路。
{"title":"Enhanced performance of Si/C anode prepared by a relatively green and simple strategy","authors":"Huiying Xie , Zhengyan Jiang , Jiaqin Huang , Yiming Yu , Jizhang Chen , Qinghua Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant improvement in performance, green and simple preparation of Si/C anodes remains a challenge. Nevertheless, both high performance and green and simple preparation are equally important for the development of Si/C anodes. Herein, to balance the needs of Si/C anodes for the improved performance and the green and simple preparation methods, B-Si NPs@C composites composed of cost-effective irregular Si particles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derived carbon have been prepared by using only PEG reagent as the carbon source and dispersant and just involving ball-milling and carbonization processes. This preparation strategy shows relatively green and simple characteristics. More importantly, thus PEG-derived carbon coating effectively mitigates the problems of large volumetric expansions and poor conductivity faced by Si anodes. Consequently, B-Si NPs@C-2 with the optimized carbon coating shows superior lithium storage performance, with 1055.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 300 cycles at 400 mA g<sup>−1</sup> and 733.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 1100 cycles at 1000 mA g<sup>−1</sup>. Taking into account the advantages of the relatively green and simple preparation process and the superb performance of B-Si NPs@C-2, this study might pave the way towards a green and more sustainable development of the advanced Si/C anodes for lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118053
Muhammad Jamil , Albandari.W. Alrowaily , B.M. Alotaibi , Haifa A. Alyousef , Eman Alzahrani , Hussain Sawwan , Rizwan Ul Hassan
Supercapacitors are currently receiving a valuable attention due to their convenient deployment, modular design, extended life time, low cost, and eco-friendliness. Transition metal oxides with conducting polymers, serve as electrode materials for supercapacitors having far more surface area and the others supercapacitive properties. In this work, novel BaAl2O4/PANI nanocomposite fabricated by using simple yet reliable hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy are used to confirm crystallinity, high surface area, morphology, and functional group, respectively of fabricated electrodes. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited a significant surface area (51.2 m²/g) as determined by BET analysis. SEM revealed that BaAl2O4 was densely distributed on PANI, which possessed a smoother and more compact surface. When electrochemical analysis was determined in 3 M KOH, BaAl2O4/PANI shows the Csp 1247 F g−1, Ed 25.01 Wh kg−1 and Pd of 190 W kg−1. Additionally, synthesized material presented exceptional consistency following 10000th stability cycle. The BaAl2O4/PANI nanocomposite's Rs and Rct values, as determined by EIS analysis, are 0.98 Ω and 0.08 respectively. These results shown that BaAl2O4/PANI nanocomposite is a prospective option for next-generation supercapacitors because of its outstanding and noteworthy properties, as well as its high stability and affordability.
超级电容器由于其方便的部署、模块化设计、延长使用寿命、低成本和生态友好性，目前正受到人们的重视。具有导电聚合物的过渡金属氧化物作为超级电容器的电极材料，具有更大的表面积和其他超级电容性能。本文采用简单可靠的水热法制备了新型的BaAl2O4/PANI纳米复合材料。利用x射线衍射、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分别对制备的电极的结晶度、高表面积、形貌和官能团进行了证实。BET分析表明，制备的纳米复合材料具有显著的比表面积（51.2 m²/g）。SEM结果表明，pai表面BaAl2O4分布较密，表面光滑致密。在3 M KOH中进行电化学分析时，BaAl2O4/PANI显示Csp 1247 F g−1，Ed 25.01 Wh kg−1，Pd为190 W kg−1。此外，合成材料在第10000次稳定循环后表现出优异的一致性。经EIS分析，BaAl2O4/PANI纳米复合材料的Rs和Rct值分别为0.98 Ω和0.08。这些结果表明，BaAl2O4/PANI纳米复合材料具有优异的性能、高稳定性和可负担性，是下一代超级电容器的理想选择。
{"title":"Enhanced electrochemical performance of innovative BaAl2O4/PANI nanocomposite for next generation supercapacitor applications","authors":"Muhammad Jamil , Albandari.W. Alrowaily , B.M. Alotaibi , Haifa A. Alyousef , Eman Alzahrani , Hussain Sawwan , Rizwan Ul Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercapacitors are currently receiving a valuable attention due to their convenient deployment, modular design, extended life time, low cost, and eco-friendliness. Transition metal oxides with conducting polymers, serve as electrode materials for supercapacitors having far more surface area and the others supercapacitive properties. In this work, novel BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PANI nanocomposite fabricated by using simple yet reliable hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy are used to confirm crystallinity, high surface area, morphology, and functional group, respectively of fabricated electrodes. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited a significant surface area (51.2 m²/g) as determined by BET analysis. SEM revealed that BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was densely distributed on PANI, which possessed a smoother and more compact surface. When electrochemical analysis was determined in 3 M KOH, BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PANI shows the C<sub>sp</sub> 1247 F g<sup>−1</sup>, E<sub>d</sub> 25.01 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and P<sub>d</sub> of 190 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, synthesized material presented exceptional consistency following 10000<sup>th</sup> stability cycle. The BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PANI nanocomposite's R<sub>s</sub> and R<sub>ct</sub> values, as determined by EIS analysis, are 0.98 Ω and 0.08 respectively. These results shown that BaAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PANI nanocomposite is a prospective option for next-generation supercapacitors because of its outstanding and noteworthy properties, as well as its high stability and affordability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118030
J. Alberto Arroyo-Valdez , José-Luis Maldonado , Julio C. Carrillo-Sendejas , Andrés Plaza-Martínez , Anderson Alvarez-Quesada , Julio Israel Gallardo-Nieto , Margarita Romero-Ávila , Norberto Farfán , Héctor García-Ortega
In this work, organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PM6:Y7 active layer doped with a new boron-dipyrromethene (B1) at different concentrations are reported. OSCs were fabricated and tested under regular atmospheric conditions, employing the conventional structure: glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y7:B1/PFN/FM where Field’s metal (FM), a eutectic alloy of Bi, In, and Sn served as an alternative top electrode, deposited via drop coating at 85 ºC, eliminating the requirement of a high-vacuum chamber. The PM6:Y7 (1:1.2 wt%) blend was prepared at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in anhydrous chlorobenzene, the B1 best concentration was 1 wt% (with respect to the total mass). The average reached power conversion efficiency (PCE) for 1 % of B1 devices was 11.07 % (best PCE = 11.82 %) while for the reference devices it was 10.02 % (best PCE = 10.45 %), this means 10.47 % of PCE enhancement over the reference OSCs.
{"title":"Organic solar cells based on PM6:Y7 and doped with boron-dipyrromethene (B1)","authors":"J. Alberto Arroyo-Valdez , José-Luis Maldonado , Julio C. Carrillo-Sendejas , Andrés Plaza-Martínez , Anderson Alvarez-Quesada , Julio Israel Gallardo-Nieto , Margarita Romero-Ávila , Norberto Farfán , Héctor García-Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PM6:Y7 active layer doped with a new boron-dipyrromethene (<strong>B1</strong>) at different concentrations are reported. OSCs were fabricated and tested under regular atmospheric conditions, employing the conventional structure: glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y7:<strong>B1</strong>/PFN/FM where Field’s metal (FM), a eutectic alloy of Bi, In, and Sn served as an alternative top electrode, deposited via drop coating at 85 ºC, eliminating the requirement of a high-vacuum chamber. The PM6:Y7 (1:1.2 wt%) blend was prepared at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in anhydrous chlorobenzene, the <strong>B1</strong> best concentration was 1 wt% (with respect to the total mass). The average reached power conversion efficiency (PCE) for 1 % of <strong>B1</strong> devices was 11.07 % (best PCE = 11.82 %) while for the reference devices it was 10.02 % (best PCE = 10.45 %), this means 10.47 % of PCE enhancement over the reference OSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a systematic investigation into the design, fabrication, and optimization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) was employed as the primary positive dielectric, with vinyl acetate (VA) contents of 18 %, 28 %, and 40 % to evaluate its influence on device performance. MXene, a two-dimensional conductive nanomaterial, was incorporated to enhance electrical output, while aluminum served as both the negative dielectric and electrode. Increasing VA content led to improved voltage output, with EVA40 % demonstrating the best performance and selected for further development. A 500 µm EVA40 % film generated the highest voltage. MXene addition significantly boosted output, with 0.4 wt% and 0.8 wt% concentrations yielding enhanced voltage and current levels. Microstructural analysis confirmed uniform MXene dispersion within the EVA matrix. Atomic force microscopy revealed increased surface roughness, contributing to improved triboelectric performance, while X-ray diffraction showed that MXene did not notably affect EVA crystallinity. Mechanical input parameters were also optimized: increasing applied force from 1 N to 4 N improved output, while further increase to 5 N caused a decline. At the optimal force of 4 N, a contact frequency of 3 Hz produced the maximum output, followed by a decrease at higher frequencies. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of high VA content and MXene integration in enhancing TENG performance, demonstrating their potential for sustainable energy harvesting applications.
{"title":"High performance integrated multilayered triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated using ethylene vinyl acetate and MXene nanoparticle","authors":"Vida Heidari , Shervin Ahmadi , Seyed Hassan Jafari , Soroush Shams","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a systematic investigation into the design, fabrication, and optimization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) was employed as the primary positive dielectric, with vinyl acetate (VA) contents of 18 %, 28 %, and 40 % to evaluate its influence on device performance. MXene, a two-dimensional conductive nanomaterial, was incorporated to enhance electrical output, while aluminum served as both the negative dielectric and electrode. Increasing VA content led to improved voltage output, with EVA40 % demonstrating the best performance and selected for further development. A 500 µm EVA40 % film generated the highest voltage. MXene addition significantly boosted output, with 0.4 wt% and 0.8 wt% concentrations yielding enhanced voltage and current levels. Microstructural analysis confirmed uniform MXene dispersion within the EVA matrix. Atomic force microscopy revealed increased surface roughness, contributing to improved triboelectric performance, while X-ray diffraction showed that MXene did not notably affect EVA crystallinity. Mechanical input parameters were also optimized: increasing applied force from 1 N to 4 N improved output, while further increase to 5 N caused a decline. At the optimal force of 4 N, a contact frequency of 3 Hz produced the maximum output, followed by a decrease at higher frequencies. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of high VA content and MXene integration in enhancing TENG performance, demonstrating their potential for sustainable energy harvesting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of CDT-BT donor-acceptor dimers with different degrees of fluorine substitution were investigated to clarify the influence of fluorination on their electronic structure, optical properties, and nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were employed to analyze frontier molecular orbitals, absorption behavior, electric dipole moments, polarizability, and first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities, complemented by quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis. The isotropic polarizability remains nearly constant across the series (α₀ ≈ 207–210 ×10−24 esu), while the polarizability anisotropy increases slightly upon fluorination (Δα = 226.1–233.2 ×10−24 esu), indicating enhanced electronic asymmetry. The electric dipole moment increases from 3.09 D for the non-fluorinated dimer to 7.78 and 7.36 D for the mono- and di-fluorinated derivatives, respectively, reflecting strengthened intramolecular charge transfer along the molecular axis. The first-order hyperpolarizability shows a pronounced increase from 393 × 10−30 esu to 843 × 10−30 esu upon fluorination and is dominated by the longitudinal component. In contrast, the second-order hyperpolarizability exhibits moderate variation (γ₀ ≈ 2.18–2.28 ×104 ×10−36 esu), governed primarily by overall electronic delocalization. These results demonstrate how fluorination modulates second- and third-order NLO responses through distinct physical mechanisms, providing quantitative insight into structure-property relationships in CDT-BT donor-acceptor dimers.
{"title":"Fluorination effects on the electronic structure, optical properties, and first hyperpolarizability of CDT-BT donor-acceptor dimers: A DFT/TD-DFT and QTAIM study","authors":"Mouslim Messali , Imen Cherif , Bakhet A. Alqurashy , Sahbi Ayachi","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of CDT-BT donor-acceptor dimers with different degrees of fluorine substitution were investigated to clarify the influence of fluorination on their electronic structure, optical properties, and nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were employed to analyze frontier molecular orbitals, absorption behavior, electric dipole moments, polarizability, and first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities, complemented by quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis. The isotropic polarizability remains nearly constant across the series (α₀ ≈ 207–210 ×10<sup>−24</sup> esu), while the polarizability anisotropy increases slightly upon fluorination (Δα = 226.1–233.2 ×10<sup>−24</sup> esu), indicating enhanced electronic asymmetry. The electric dipole moment increases from 3.09 D for the non-fluorinated dimer to 7.78 and 7.36 D for the mono- and di-fluorinated derivatives, respectively, reflecting strengthened intramolecular charge transfer along the molecular axis. The first-order hyperpolarizability shows a pronounced increase from 393 × 10<sup>−30</sup> esu to 843 × 10<sup>−30</sup> esu upon fluorination and is dominated by the longitudinal component. In contrast, the second-order hyperpolarizability exhibits moderate variation (γ₀ ≈ 2.18–2.28 ×10<sup>4</sup> ×10<sup>−36</sup> esu), governed primarily by overall electronic delocalization. These results demonstrate how fluorination modulates second- and third-order NLO responses through distinct physical mechanisms, providing quantitative insight into structure-property relationships in CDT-BT donor-acceptor dimers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118056
Adriana Hernández-Contreras , Jesús Díaz-Sánchez , Oscar Pilloni
Inkjet printing has emerged as a promising alternative for microfabrication, offering mask-free, rapid, and material-efficient patterning. While inkjet-compatible formulations are widely used for the fabrication of electronic devices, their potential as carbon precursors for Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS) remains largely unexplored. Additionally, access to commercial inks can be limited in certain regions, posing challenges for researchers seeking to implement this technology. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the formulation of five PEDOT:PSS-derived carbon precursor inks. These formulations were synthesized and evaluated based on viscosity, surface tension, and wettability to determine their printability. Among them, two inks met the necessary rheological criteria and were successfully printed into rectangular patterns, which were subsequently pyrolyzed at 900 °C. Morphological analysis using SEM and optical profilometry revealed that one of the printed features exhibited a shrinkage of 63.97 % following pyrolysis, decreasing from 26.83 ± 7.53 nm to 9.66 ± 1.36 nm. Electrical characterization further demonstrated an 80 % reduction in resistivity, from 46.61 ± 16.98 Ω·cm to 8.76 ± 0.59 Ω·cm. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of glass-like carbon structures in both pyrolyzed inks. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of the formulated PEDOT:PSS-based inks as a viable and accessible alternatives to commercially available options for inkjet-printed C-MEMS applications.
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of PEDOT:PSS-based inks for inkjet-printed carbon microstructures for C-MEMS applications","authors":"Adriana Hernández-Contreras , Jesús Díaz-Sánchez , Oscar Pilloni","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inkjet printing has emerged as a promising alternative for microfabrication, offering mask-free, rapid, and material-efficient patterning. While inkjet-compatible formulations are widely used for the fabrication of electronic devices, their potential as carbon precursors for Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS) remains largely unexplored. Additionally, access to commercial inks can be limited in certain regions, posing challenges for researchers seeking to implement this technology. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the formulation of five PEDOT:PSS-derived carbon precursor inks. These formulations were synthesized and evaluated based on viscosity, surface tension, and wettability to determine their printability. Among them, two inks met the necessary rheological criteria and were successfully printed into rectangular patterns, which were subsequently pyrolyzed at 900 °C. Morphological analysis using SEM and optical profilometry revealed that one of the printed features exhibited a shrinkage of 63.97 % following pyrolysis, decreasing from 26.83 ± 7.53 nm to 9.66 ± 1.36 nm. Electrical characterization further demonstrated an 80 % reduction in resistivity, from 46.61 ± 16.98 Ω·cm to 8.76 ± 0.59 Ω·cm. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of glass-like carbon structures in both pyrolyzed inks. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of the formulated PEDOT:PSS-based inks as a viable and accessible alternatives to commercially available options for inkjet-printed C-MEMS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118056"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118078
Jieun Lee , Jaewook Kim , Juno Kim , Woojae Kim
Understanding how molecular structure and the surrounding environment shape the electronic states of organic chromophores is crucial for controlling their photophysical responses. In this study, we examine the solvent-polarity-dependent excited-state behavior of TIPS-pentacene (TIPS-Pc), a formally centrosymmetric acene derivative widely employed in organic optoelectronics. Although the absorption spectra of TIPS-Pc show little dependence on solvent polarity, the emission spectra exhibit clear positive solvatochromism, broadened line shapes, and changes in vibronic intensity ratios, indicating subtle yet distinct modifications in the nature of the S1 state. To account for these effects, we invoke the concept of symmetry breaking, typically associated with quadrupolar donor-acceptor-donor systems, and apply it to TIPS-Pc. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal that in apolar solvents, the excited-state absorption in the near-infrared region is dominated by the Laporte-allowed S1 → S2 transition. In polar solvents, however, solvent-induced fluctuations perturb the molecular centrosymmetry, enabling both the S1 → S2 and the otherwise Laporte-forbidden S1 → S3 transitions. Quantum-chemical analysis indicates that although the TIPS substituents do not directly contribute to the π–π* excitation, the experimental results apparently suggest that their inductive effects indirectly enhance charge-transfer character and could promote exciton desymmetrization.
{"title":"Symmetry breaking induced by indirect charge transfer governs photophysics of TIPS-pentacene","authors":"Jieun Lee , Jaewook Kim , Juno Kim , Woojae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how molecular structure and the surrounding environment shape the electronic states of organic chromophores is crucial for controlling their photophysical responses. In this study, we examine the solvent-polarity-dependent excited-state behavior of TIPS-pentacene (TIPS-Pc), a formally centrosymmetric acene derivative widely employed in organic optoelectronics. Although the absorption spectra of TIPS-Pc show little dependence on solvent polarity, the emission spectra exhibit clear positive solvatochromism, broadened line shapes, and changes in vibronic intensity ratios, indicating subtle yet distinct modifications in the nature of the S<sub>1</sub> state. To account for these effects, we invoke the concept of symmetry breaking, typically associated with quadrupolar donor-acceptor-donor systems, and apply it to TIPS-Pc. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal that in apolar solvents, the excited-state absorption in the near-infrared region is dominated by the Laporte-allowed S<sub>1</sub> → S<sub>2</sub> transition. In polar solvents, however, solvent-induced fluctuations perturb the molecular centrosymmetry, enabling both the S<sub>1</sub> → S<sub>2</sub> and the otherwise Laporte-forbidden S<sub>1</sub> → S<sub>3</sub> transitions. Quantum-chemical analysis indicates that although the TIPS substituents do not directly contribute to the π–π* excitation, the experimental results apparently suggest that their inductive effects indirectly enhance charge-transfer character and could promote exciton desymmetrization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports the successful synthesis of Ni0.5Cu0.5-xYbxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2) (NCYFO) nanoparticles using a low-temperature sol-gel auto-combustion route. The study highlights its comprehensive investigation of the structural, magnetic, thermal, and electrical properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The approach of Rietveld refinement analysis showed the diffracted peaks are well fitted with Bragg’s position. As the doping level increased, lattice constant are increased and crystallite values are decreased from 20 nm to 12 nm. The presence of five Raman modes further validated the cubic spinel structure. Room temperature M-H loops suggesting a weak ferrimagnetic behavior at higher doping level. Dielectric analysis demonstrated Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization consistent with Koop’s theory, while complex impedance spectroscopy indicated a non-Debye type of relaxation. Cole-Cole plot exhibits a straight line and followed by a skewed semicircle. The thermal analysis showed minimal weight loss (2.96 %), confirming the high thermal stability imparted by Yb doping. These combined results, particularly the enhanced thermal stability and magnetic behavior suggesting that, NCYFO nano particles are potential for thermal and magnetic applications.
{"title":"Preparation and investigation of magnetic and thermal properties of Ni0.5Cu0.5-xYbxFe2O4 (X = 0.0, 0.1 & 0.2) nano ferrite for magneto-thermal applications","authors":"Hanamanta Badiger , B.G. Hegde , Jogada Shivakumar , Shidaling Matteppanavar , Santosh Y. Khatavi","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2026.118079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the successful synthesis of Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Cu<sub>0.5-x</sub>Yb<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2) (NCYFO) nanoparticles using a low-temperature sol-gel auto-combustion route. The study highlights its comprehensive investigation of the structural, magnetic, thermal, and electrical properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The approach of Rietveld refinement analysis showed the diffracted peaks are well fitted with Bragg’s position. As the doping level increased, lattice constant are increased and crystallite values are decreased from 20 nm to 12 nm. The presence of five Raman modes further validated the cubic spinel structure. Room temperature M-H loops suggesting a weak ferrimagnetic behavior at higher doping level. Dielectric analysis demonstrated Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization consistent with Koop’s theory, while complex impedance spectroscopy indicated a non-Debye type of relaxation. Cole-Cole plot exhibits a straight line and followed by a skewed semicircle. The thermal analysis showed minimal weight loss (2.96 %), confirming the high thermal stability imparted by Yb doping. These combined results, particularly the enhanced thermal stability and magnetic behavior suggesting that, NCYFO nano particles are potential for thermal and magnetic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lignin, an abundant byproduct of biomass processing, holds great promise for sustainable material applications. As a novel stride, in this study, pure lignin was extracted from raw Alfa fibers through a single, eco-friendly alkali treatment and assessed as both a green corrosion inhibitor and a coating precursor for carbon steel (CS). Electrochemical techniques revealed that the synthesized Alkali lignin (S-AL) achieved 92.9 % inhibition efficiency, surpassing commercial Alkali lignin (C-AL) by forming an adsorbed thin organic barrier on the CS surface. Harnessing this property, S-AL was spray-deposited into a uniform film whose high hydrophobicity (92.11°), low water uptake (10 %), and strong adhesion translated into superior long-term corrosion resistance. Structural and surface analyses (XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM-EDS, Zeta potential, and particle size) confirmed the purity of S-AL and the integrity of the coating. This waste-to-coating approach delivers a high-performance, sustainable alternative for steel protection.
{"title":"Sustainable hydrophobic and strength film coatings for corrosion protection: Lignin biopolymer as an attractive film former on carbon steel- a way towards green chemistry","authors":"Soukaina. Akachar , Youssef. Zarki , Hafssa. Majdoub , Leila. Azaryouh , Mounir. El Achaby , Ahmed. Ait Aghzzaf , Khalid. Draoui","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.118061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin, an abundant byproduct of biomass processing, holds great promise for sustainable material applications. As a novel stride, in this study, pure lignin was extracted from raw Alfa fibers through a single, eco-friendly alkali treatment and assessed as both a green corrosion inhibitor and a coating precursor for carbon steel (CS). Electrochemical techniques revealed that the synthesized Alkali lignin (S-AL) achieved 92.9 % inhibition efficiency, surpassing commercial Alkali lignin (C-AL) by forming an adsorbed thin organic barrier on the CS surface. Harnessing this property, S-AL was spray-deposited into a uniform film whose high hydrophobicity (92.11°), low water uptake (10 %), and strong adhesion translated into superior long-term corrosion resistance. Structural and surface analyses (XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM-EDS, Zeta potential, and particle size) confirmed the purity of S-AL and the integrity of the coating. This waste-to-coating approach delivers a high-performance, sustainable alternative for steel protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 118061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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