K. Bose, S. Bisai, F. Chakraborty, A. Khatun, H. Bauri
There exits virtually no data on body composition among Indian tribes. The objective of the present study was to record the body composition of two tribal populations, namely, Bathudis and Savars. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Anandapur village of Keonjhar District, Orissa, India. A total of 409 (226 men and 183 women) Bathudi and 600 Savar (300 men and 300 women) adult (> 18 years) individuals were studied. Anthropometric and body composition variables were made or computed following standard techniques and equations. Both the tribes had similar height. Savars had greater mean values (except for FFM and FFMI in men) of all anthropometric and body composition variables compared to Bathudis, in both sexes. In conclusion, the present study provides unique data on body composition profile of adult Bathudis and Savars, two tribal populations of Orissa, eastern India. These data may form a valuable source of comparison.
{"title":"Body composition of two tribal populations of Keonjhar, Orissa, India: A comparison","authors":"K. Bose, S. Bisai, F. Chakraborty, A. Khatun, H. Bauri","doi":"10.5580/119b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/119b","url":null,"abstract":"There exits virtually no data on body composition among Indian tribes. The objective of the present study was to record the body composition of two tribal populations, namely, Bathudis and Savars. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Anandapur village of Keonjhar District, Orissa, India. A total of 409 (226 men and 183 women) Bathudi and 600 Savar (300 men and 300 women) adult (> 18 years) individuals were studied. Anthropometric and body composition variables were made or computed following standard techniques and equations. Both the tribes had similar height. Savars had greater mean values (except for FFM and FFMI in men) of all anthropometric and body composition variables compared to Bathudis, in both sexes. In conclusion, the present study provides unique data on body composition profile of adult Bathudis and Savars, two tribal populations of Orissa, eastern India. These data may form a valuable source of comparison.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80795626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leucocyte samples from 109 confirmed cases of diabetes mellitus were tested with the anti-LH lectin, Erythrina lithosperma and compared with adequate controls. The results indicate strong agglutination of leucocytes of both diabetic and control samples with the anti-LH lectin; however, it fails to differentiate diabetic leucocytes from normal ones on the basis of the intensity of their reactions.
{"title":"The Anti – LH Lectin – Leucocyte Reactions in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Further Observations","authors":"S. Koley","doi":"10.5580/127d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/127d","url":null,"abstract":"Leucocyte samples from 109 confirmed cases of diabetes mellitus were tested with the anti-LH lectin, Erythrina lithosperma and compared with adequate controls. The results indicate strong agglutination of leucocytes of both diabetic and control samples with the anti-LH lectin; however, it fails to differentiate diabetic leucocytes from normal ones on the basis of the intensity of their reactions.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73991344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A sound knowledge of variations of blood vessels in the renal hilar region is important during operative, diagnostic and endovascular procedures in the abdomen. This report describes the variations found in the origin and course of the right renal and ovarian vessels. The variation was found during routine dissection in an approximately 60 years old female cadaver. The cadaver did not have any other observable anomalies in the other parts of the body. The right renal artery originated as the ventral branch of aorta and passed anterior to the inferior vena cava before reaching the hilum of the right kidney. The Right ovarian artery took its origin from the right renal artery. The right ovarian vein was very large and it received two considerably large tributaries from the pararenal pad of fat. The knowledge of variations of renal and gonadal vessels is important for surgeons doing kidney transplants.
{"title":"Abnormal course of right renal artery and ovarian vessels: A Case Report","authors":"S. Nayak","doi":"10.5580/23b7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/23b7","url":null,"abstract":"A sound knowledge of variations of blood vessels in the renal hilar region is important during operative, diagnostic and endovascular procedures in the abdomen. This report describes the variations found in the origin and course of the right renal and ovarian vessels. The variation was found during routine dissection in an approximately 60 years old female cadaver. The cadaver did not have any other observable anomalies in the other parts of the body. The right renal artery originated as the ventral branch of aorta and passed anterior to the inferior vena cava before reaching the hilum of the right kidney. The Right ovarian artery took its origin from the right renal artery. The right ovarian vein was very large and it received two considerably large tributaries from the pararenal pad of fat. The knowledge of variations of renal and gonadal vessels is important for surgeons doing kidney transplants.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"57 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77090864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is based on the association of hand grip strength (both left and right) with height, weight and BMI on randomly selected 600 normal healthy individuals(300 boys and 300 girls) aged 6-25years of Amritsar, Punjab. The findings of present study indicate a strong association of right and left hand grip strength with height (r=0.925 and 0.927 respectively in boys and r=0.800 and 0.786 respectively in girls), weight (r=0.882 and 0.878 respectively in boys and r=0.698 and 0.690 respectively in girls) and with BMI (r=0.636 and 0.632 respectively in boys and r=0.477 and 0.472 respectively in girls).
{"title":"An Association of Hand Grip Strength with Height, Weight and BMI in Boys and Girls aged 6-25 years of Amritsar, Punjab, India","authors":"S. Koley, M. Gandhi, A. Singh","doi":"10.5580/ec5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/ec5","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is based on the association of hand grip strength (both left and right) with height, weight and BMI on randomly selected 600 normal healthy individuals(300 boys and 300 girls) aged 6-25years of Amritsar, Punjab. The findings of present study indicate a strong association of right and left hand grip strength with height (r=0.925 and 0.927 respectively in boys and r=0.800 and 0.786 respectively in girls), weight (r=0.882 and 0.878 respectively in boys and r=0.698 and 0.690 respectively in girls) and with BMI (r=0.636 and 0.632 respectively in boys and r=0.477 and 0.472 respectively in girls).","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80794532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ of the body. It is situated in the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen. It is about 1 inch thick, 3 inches broad, 5 inches long and weighs approximately 7 ounces. It is wedge shaped or tetrahedral in shape; and has two ends, two surfaces and three borders. Its posterior end rests on the upper pole of the left kidney and anterior end is supported by the phrenicocolic ligament. Its upper border shows characteristic notching. Its diaphragmatic surface is related to the diaphragm which separates it from the left lung, pleura and 9-11th ribs. Its visceral surface is related to the left kidney, stomach, left colic flexure and the tail of the pancreas. Normally, it is not related to the liver directly. During routine dissections for undergraduate medical students, we found variations in the size, position and relations of the spleen in a cadaver aged approximately 60 years. The spleen was reduced to half its normal size. It was situated much above the level of the phrenicocolic ligament and its posterior surface was adherent to the left lobe of the liver (Figure 1). The left lobe of the liver was larger than the normal. The colic impression on the visceral surface of the spleen was not prominent. Figure 1 Figure 1: Dissection of the upper abdomen showing the abnormalities of size, position and relations of the spleen. (SP – spleen, ST – stomach, LLL – left lobe of liver, FL – falciform ligament, DP – diaphragm, PCL – phrenicocolic ligament, DC – descending colon.) The spleen is a variable organ. It can vary in size, shape and position based on the size and shape of the surrounding viscera. It is a mobile organ, position of which is dependent on the filling of the stomach and the amount of the blood in spleen itself. One of the most common congenital anomalies of the spleen is the presence of accessory spleens in various parts of the abdomen in addition to the main organ1. The accessory spleens are seen in 10-15% of individuals, out of which 1-2% may be located in the pancreatic tail2. Retroperitoneal accessory spleens may mimic retroperitoneal tumors with the history of epigastric pain, intermittent nausea and vomiting3. In current case, the spleen was placed very high in the abdomen and was adhering to the visceral Abnormal size, position and relations of spleen 2 of 3 surface of the left lobe of the liver. The adhesions of the organs are common in abdomen but the adhesion of the spleen to the liver has not been reported yet. This high position and adherence to the liver may no cause problems in the spleen or liver but it could mislead the radiologists and surgeons in general. Most of these anatomic variants have no clinical significance; they need, however, to be recognized by the radiologist as such. Awareness of these variants is important for the radiologist to interpret the findings correctly and avoid mistaking them for a clinically significant abnormality.
{"title":"Abnormal size, position and relations of spleen","authors":"S. Nayak","doi":"10.5580/1524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1524","url":null,"abstract":"The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ of the body. It is situated in the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen. It is about 1 inch thick, 3 inches broad, 5 inches long and weighs approximately 7 ounces. It is wedge shaped or tetrahedral in shape; and has two ends, two surfaces and three borders. Its posterior end rests on the upper pole of the left kidney and anterior end is supported by the phrenicocolic ligament. Its upper border shows characteristic notching. Its diaphragmatic surface is related to the diaphragm which separates it from the left lung, pleura and 9-11th ribs. Its visceral surface is related to the left kidney, stomach, left colic flexure and the tail of the pancreas. Normally, it is not related to the liver directly. During routine dissections for undergraduate medical students, we found variations in the size, position and relations of the spleen in a cadaver aged approximately 60 years. The spleen was reduced to half its normal size. It was situated much above the level of the phrenicocolic ligament and its posterior surface was adherent to the left lobe of the liver (Figure 1). The left lobe of the liver was larger than the normal. The colic impression on the visceral surface of the spleen was not prominent. Figure 1 Figure 1: Dissection of the upper abdomen showing the abnormalities of size, position and relations of the spleen. (SP – spleen, ST – stomach, LLL – left lobe of liver, FL – falciform ligament, DP – diaphragm, PCL – phrenicocolic ligament, DC – descending colon.) The spleen is a variable organ. It can vary in size, shape and position based on the size and shape of the surrounding viscera. It is a mobile organ, position of which is dependent on the filling of the stomach and the amount of the blood in spleen itself. One of the most common congenital anomalies of the spleen is the presence of accessory spleens in various parts of the abdomen in addition to the main organ1. The accessory spleens are seen in 10-15% of individuals, out of which 1-2% may be located in the pancreatic tail2. Retroperitoneal accessory spleens may mimic retroperitoneal tumors with the history of epigastric pain, intermittent nausea and vomiting3. In current case, the spleen was placed very high in the abdomen and was adhering to the visceral Abnormal size, position and relations of spleen 2 of 3 surface of the left lobe of the liver. The adhesions of the organs are common in abdomen but the adhesion of the spleen to the liver has not been reported yet. This high position and adherence to the liver may no cause problems in the spleen or liver but it could mislead the radiologists and surgeons in general. Most of these anatomic variants have no clinical significance; they need, however, to be recognized by the radiologist as such. Awareness of these variants is important for the radiologist to interpret the findings correctly and avoid mistaking them for a clinically significant abnormality.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83954225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to understand the genetic relationship if any, among different Indian populations using classical dermatoglyphic markers in 250 post-graduate students. Finger print patterns were collected on a white paper using a non-spreading blue ink-pad. The other traits were recorded by direct observation. The ridges were counted and patterns were identified using glass hand-lens. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test, two-way anova (multivariate) and chi-square test of significance using ANALYSE-IT software. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using PopGen 32 and MEGA 4 software. Significant variations were found for total ridge count between North vs. East cohort (p<0.001) and East vs. West cohort (p<.001). Interestingly, 55% of the participants from Northern cohort had dominant allele for hand clasping and thumb extension traits, while 55% participants of South cohort have recessive allele for the same. Interestingly, blood group “O” and “AB” were found significantly ((p= 0.07) associated with “whorl” and “loop” fingerprint pattern types in each cohort.
{"title":"Dermatoglyphic variations in five ethno-geographical cohorts of Indian populations: A Pilot Study","authors":"P. R. Sharma, A. Gautam, P. Tiwari","doi":"10.5580/2330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2330","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to understand the genetic relationship if any, among different Indian populations using classical dermatoglyphic markers in 250 post-graduate students. Finger print patterns were collected on a white paper using a non-spreading blue ink-pad. The other traits were recorded by direct observation. The ridges were counted and patterns were identified using glass hand-lens. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test, two-way anova (multivariate) and chi-square test of significance using ANALYSE-IT software. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using PopGen 32 and MEGA 4 software. Significant variations were found for total ridge count between North vs. East cohort (p<0.001) and East vs. West cohort (p<.001). Interestingly, 55% of the participants from Northern cohort had dominant allele for hand clasping and thumb extension traits, while 55% participants of South cohort have recessive allele for the same. Interestingly, blood group “O” and “AB” were found significantly ((p= 0.07) associated with “whorl” and “loop” fingerprint pattern types in each cohort.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83958652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dra. Merlyn Vívenes de Lugo, A. Rodriguez-Larralde, B. Guerrero, D. C. Guerra
The Val34Leu polymorphism of coagulation Factor XIII gene shows a controversial relationship with homeostatic pathologies. Some studies have evidenced ethnic heterogeinity in its distribution but no patterns of genetic variability have been described so far; likewise, reports concerning admixed American populations remain scarce. We analyzed the diversity of inter and intragroup frequencies of the Leu34 using the estimators Dm and Gst', on data reported for populations classified into five genetic/geographic groups and also publish its frequencies in three Venezuelan populations, correlating these values with their levels of admixture. We confirm ethnic heterogeneity in the prevalence of Leu34 (Gst`=10.41%), yet important intra continental group variations must also be considered. Their frequency in American admixed populations varies as a function of their parental contributions. Clarifying the degree of variability of this polymorphism, together with other aspects of homeostasis, should lead to a better understanding of different geographical patterns of coagulation disorders manifestations.
{"title":"Ethnic/Geographic Variation Of The Val34leu Polymorphism Of Coagulation Factor Xiii And Its Distribution In American Admixed Populations","authors":"Dra. Merlyn Vívenes de Lugo, A. Rodriguez-Larralde, B. Guerrero, D. C. Guerra","doi":"10.5580/12bd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/12bd","url":null,"abstract":"The Val34Leu polymorphism of coagulation Factor XIII gene shows a controversial relationship with homeostatic pathologies. Some studies have evidenced ethnic heterogeinity in its distribution but no patterns of genetic variability have been described so far; likewise, reports concerning admixed American populations remain scarce. We analyzed the diversity of inter and intragroup frequencies of the Leu34 using the estimators Dm and Gst', on data reported for populations classified into five genetic/geographic groups and also publish its frequencies in three Venezuelan populations, correlating these values with their levels of admixture. We confirm ethnic heterogeneity in the prevalence of Leu34 (Gst`=10.41%), yet important intra continental group variations must also be considered. Their frequency in American admixed populations varies as a function of their parental contributions. Clarifying the degree of variability of this polymorphism, together with other aspects of homeostasis, should lead to a better understanding of different geographical patterns of coagulation disorders manifestations.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90861426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Undernutrition among children is a major public health problem in rural areas of developing countries like India. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness among rural school children of Onda, Bankura District, India. A total of 454 (201 boys and 253 girls) Bengalee Hindu children aged 6-14 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Three indicators of nutritional status namely underweight, stunting and thinness, were used based on the National Centre of Heath Statistics (NCHS) < 2 Z score values. Mean Z scores for weight-for-age (WHZ), heightfor-age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ) were less than those of NCHS in both boys as well as girls. Public health problem of undernutrition was classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall age and sex combined prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were 16.9%, 17.2% and 23.1%, respectively. Both sexes had similar rates of stunting (boys = 14.4%; girls = 19.4%). However, there were significant (p < 0.05) sex differences in the frequency of underweight (chi-square = 3.97) and thinness (chi-square = 4.54). Significantly more boys were underweight (boys = 20.9%, girls = 13.8%) and thin (boys = 27.8%, girls = 19.4%). Based on the WHO classification of severity of malnutrition among children, the overall age and sex combined rates of underweight, stunting and thinness were medium (10-19%), low (< 20%) and very high (3 15%), respectively. While both boys (14.4%) and girls (19.4%) had low rates of stunting (< 20%), the rates for thinness among both sexes (boys = 27.8%, girls = 19.4%) were very high. The rates of underweight were high (20-29%) and medium (10-19%), among boys (20.9%) and girls (13.8%), respectively. In conclusion this study provided evidence that these children were under acute and chronic nutritional stress indicating the requirement of immediate appropriate public health nutritional intervention programmes.
{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of rural school children","authors":"K. Bose, S. Bisai, S. Mukherjee","doi":"10.5580/857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/857","url":null,"abstract":"Undernutrition among children is a major public health problem in rural areas of developing countries like India. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness among rural school children of Onda, Bankura District, India. A total of 454 (201 boys and 253 girls) Bengalee Hindu children aged 6-14 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Three indicators of nutritional status namely underweight, stunting and thinness, were used based on the National Centre of Heath Statistics (NCHS) < 2 Z score values. Mean Z scores for weight-for-age (WHZ), heightfor-age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ) were less than those of NCHS in both boys as well as girls. Public health problem of undernutrition was classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall age and sex combined prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were 16.9%, 17.2% and 23.1%, respectively. Both sexes had similar rates of stunting (boys = 14.4%; girls = 19.4%). However, there were significant (p < 0.05) sex differences in the frequency of underweight (chi-square = 3.97) and thinness (chi-square = 4.54). Significantly more boys were underweight (boys = 20.9%, girls = 13.8%) and thin (boys = 27.8%, girls = 19.4%). Based on the WHO classification of severity of malnutrition among children, the overall age and sex combined rates of underweight, stunting and thinness were medium (10-19%), low (< 20%) and very high (3 15%), respectively. While both boys (14.4%) and girls (19.4%) had low rates of stunting (< 20%), the rates for thinness among both sexes (boys = 27.8%, girls = 19.4%) were very high. The rates of underweight were high (20-29%) and medium (10-19%), among boys (20.9%) and girls (13.8%), respectively. In conclusion this study provided evidence that these children were under acute and chronic nutritional stress indicating the requirement of immediate appropriate public health nutritional intervention programmes.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87634283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese foot binding is an ancient tradition of beauty and torture, passed from mother to daughter, generation to generation, that lasted for almost 1,000 years. Foot binding was seen as a sign of beauty and attractiveness. Once a girl was of marriageable age, prospective mother-in-laws would come around and pick a wife for her son by the appearance of the girl's feet. Foot binding was the act of wrapping a threeto five-year old girl's feet with binding so as to bend the toes under, break the bones and force the back of the foot together. The bound foot was also a symbol of identity and virtue. A bound foot signified that a woman had achieved womanhood, and served as a mark of her gendered identity. Foot binding was not considered mutilation but a form of adornment, an embellishment to the human body. According to historical account it was around 970 A.D., during the rule of Emperor Li Yu, the custom of foot binding began in China. The ruler's favourite consort Yao-niang performed a dance atop a golden lotus pedestal. She wrapped her feet in long strips of silk cloth. From that day on, foot binding was often associated with the term, golden lotus. What made the author to take this topic is that my (Late) grandmother had small feet. In this paper the author traces the origin of foot binding, process of foot binding, reasons for foot binding, physiological implication, opposition and abolishment of foot binding.
{"title":"Foot Binding: Beauty And Torture","authors":"J. Mao","doi":"10.5580/11bb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/11bb","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese foot binding is an ancient tradition of beauty and torture, passed from mother to daughter, generation to generation, that lasted for almost 1,000 years. Foot binding was seen as a sign of beauty and attractiveness. Once a girl was of marriageable age, prospective mother-in-laws would come around and pick a wife for her son by the appearance of the girl's feet. Foot binding was the act of wrapping a threeto five-year old girl's feet with binding so as to bend the toes under, break the bones and force the back of the foot together. The bound foot was also a symbol of identity and virtue. A bound foot signified that a woman had achieved womanhood, and served as a mark of her gendered identity. Foot binding was not considered mutilation but a form of adornment, an embellishment to the human body. According to historical account it was around 970 A.D., during the rule of Emperor Li Yu, the custom of foot binding began in China. The ruler's favourite consort Yao-niang performed a dance atop a golden lotus pedestal. She wrapped her feet in long strips of silk cloth. From that day on, foot binding was often associated with the term, golden lotus. What made the author to take this topic is that my (Late) grandmother had small feet. In this paper the author traces the origin of foot binding, process of foot binding, reasons for foot binding, physiological implication, opposition and abolishment of foot binding.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75512175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, age changes in physiological variables in Meitei women (the most populous community of Imphal valley, Manipur, India) have been reported.Cross sectional sample of 200 females ranging from 20-80 years have been incorporated in the present study. There is not much change in Heart rate with growing age. However, a considerable change in Blood Pressure and Lungs function has been observed.
{"title":"Age Changes In Physiological Variables And Muscular Strength Among Meitei women of Imphal West District , Manipur, India.","authors":"O. B. Devi","doi":"10.5580/1c36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1c36","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, age changes in physiological variables in Meitei women (the most populous community of Imphal valley, Manipur, India) have been reported.Cross sectional sample of 200 females ranging from 20-80 years have been incorporated in the present study. There is not much change in Heart rate with growing age. However, a considerable change in Blood Pressure and Lungs function has been observed.","PeriodicalId":22525,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78309921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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