This research aims to incorporate pyrazine in the synthesis of Ni(II)-tartrate-pyrazine metal organic frameworks or Ni(II)-T-P MOF as candidate of porous material. Synthesis of the targeted MOF was conducted at room temperature in a methanolic solution by mixing Ni(II) solution, L-tartaric acid (T), and pyrazine (P) solutions sequentially in various molar ratios (Ni(II):T:P = 1:1:0; 1:0:2; 1:2:2; and 1:2:4) using two different Ni(II) salts (chloride and nitrate). Solid products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, qualitative anion identification test, melting point test, and scanning electron microscopy. The result shows that type of nickel salt affects the precipitation of Ni(II) complex, in which pale blue solids were precipitated out only from the chloride reactions (1:0:2, 1:2:2, and 1:2:4). IR and SEM analyses from the 1:2:2 and 1:2:4 reactions show identical result as also shown by the 1:0:2 reaction, whereas qualitative anion identification test result suggests that the chloride is uncoordinated to the Ni(II). The targeted Ni(II)-T-P is unsuccessfully obtained, instead the product is proposed to be [Ni(pyrazine)x(H2O)(6-x)]Cl2. although the tartaric acid was doubled and firstly reacted with the Ni(II), the pyrazine still has higher preference to coordinate to the Ni(II) center than the tartrate ligand.
{"title":"Anion Effect and Ligand Preference in the Precipitation of Ni(II) Complex from Methanolic Solution: Case of Tartrate vs Pyrazine","authors":"Yenni Finisia, Siti Mutrofin, Yuniar Ponco Prananto","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.670","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to incorporate pyrazine in the synthesis of Ni(II)-tartrate-pyrazine metal organic frameworks or Ni(II)-T-P MOF as candidate of porous material. Synthesis of the targeted MOF was conducted at room temperature in a methanolic solution by mixing Ni(II) solution, L-tartaric acid (T), and pyrazine (P) solutions sequentially in various molar ratios (Ni(II):T:P = 1:1:0; 1:0:2; 1:2:2; and 1:2:4) using two different Ni(II) salts (chloride and nitrate). Solid products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, qualitative anion identification test, melting point test, and scanning electron microscopy. The result shows that type of nickel salt affects the precipitation of Ni(II) complex, in which pale blue solids were precipitated out only from the chloride reactions (1:0:2, 1:2:2, and 1:2:4). IR and SEM analyses from the 1:2:2 and 1:2:4 reactions show identical result as also shown by the 1:0:2 reaction, whereas qualitative anion identification test result suggests that the chloride is uncoordinated to the Ni(II). The targeted Ni(II)-T-P is unsuccessfully obtained, instead the product is proposed to be [Ni(pyrazine)x(H2O)(6-x)]Cl2. although the tartaric acid was doubled and firstly reacted with the Ni(II), the pyrazine still has higher preference to coordinate to the Ni(II) center than the tartrate ligand.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78113305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.652
L. Arianie, Feri Eko Hermanto, Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah, W. Warsito, N. Widodo
Plasmodium falciparum malaria contributes to significant global diseases. Computer-aided drug design, screening, and discovery were used to analyze a novel series of Methyl Eugenol Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (MEBThi) and Methyl Eugenol Cinnamaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (MECThi) derivatives for malaria falciparum inhibition. This present study showed that 16 molecules from 28 of MEBThi and MECThi have affinities and interaction with active-site residues of cysteine protease, a key player in erythrocyte proliferation of P. falciparum. 13-MECThi demonstrates the best binding affinity at ˗8.0 kcal/mol while co-drug ˗5.6 kcal/mol. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic assays of 13- MECThi have also revealed this potent compound. Toxicity analysis shows that 13-MECThi does not have mutagenicity and carcinogenicity characters, whereas co-drug has mutagenicity probability. The molecular dynamic evaluation illustrated that the 13-MECThi complex has higher Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values, indicating its structure was more flexible than the chloroquine complex. Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) complex of receptor and 13-MECThi has no fundamental differences with chloroquine complex. This designed compound should be considered a falciparum antimalarial drug.
{"title":"Novel Antimalarial Drug Screening Based on Methyl Eugenol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Thiosemicarbazone with Cysteine Protease Inhibition: In Silico Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and ADMET Studies","authors":"L. Arianie, Feri Eko Hermanto, Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah, W. Warsito, N. Widodo","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.652","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmodium falciparum malaria contributes to significant global diseases. Computer-aided drug design, screening, and discovery were used to analyze a novel series of Methyl Eugenol Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (MEBThi) and Methyl Eugenol Cinnamaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (MECThi) derivatives for malaria falciparum inhibition. This present study showed that 16 molecules from 28 of MEBThi and MECThi have affinities and interaction with active-site residues of cysteine protease, a key player in erythrocyte proliferation of P. falciparum. 13-MECThi demonstrates the best binding affinity at ˗8.0 kcal/mol while co-drug ˗5.6 kcal/mol. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic assays of 13- MECThi have also revealed this potent compound. Toxicity analysis shows that 13-MECThi does not have mutagenicity and carcinogenicity characters, whereas co-drug has mutagenicity probability. The molecular dynamic evaluation illustrated that the 13-MECThi complex has higher Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values, indicating its structure was more flexible than the chloroquine complex. Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) complex of receptor and 13-MECThi has no fundamental differences with chloroquine complex. This designed compound should be considered a falciparum antimalarial drug.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75891144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.683
Indri Alidha Rahmani, Ani Mulyasuryani, U. Andayani
Chitosan is an abundant natural polymer, which able to adsorb Pb2+. However, chitosan has the drawback of being unstable in acid and alkaline conditions, so it needs cross-linking. In this article, we will compare the usage of two crosslinkers, glutaraldehyde (GD) and tripolyphosphate (TPP), to solve these issues. The synthesis of chitosan magnetic nanoparticles was carried out by co-precipitation with the addition of glutaraldehyde under acidic conditions and the addition of TPP under alkaline conditions. The results showed that the FTIR spectrum gave characteristic bands at 3131.96 cm-1 (OH and NH), 1635.86 cm-1 (C=O), 1401.97 cm-1 (CN), ~1110 cm-1 (COC), and ~617 cm-1 (Fe-O). SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of CMNP-GA particle aggregation was clear more than that of CMNP-TPP. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined by PSA analysis, which was 131.95 µm and 137.10 µm, respectively. The results of the XRD analysis showed that, in addition to the Fe3O4 and chitosan phases, the produced CMNP also contained γFe2O3 phase, which was considered to be caused by Fe3O4 oxidation
{"title":"Synthesis of Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticles using Glutaraldehyde and Tripolyphosphate as Crosslinker","authors":"Indri Alidha Rahmani, Ani Mulyasuryani, U. Andayani","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.683","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan is an abundant natural polymer, which able to adsorb Pb2+. However, chitosan has the drawback of being unstable in acid and alkaline conditions, so it needs cross-linking. In this article, we will compare the usage of two crosslinkers, glutaraldehyde (GD) and tripolyphosphate (TPP), to solve these issues. The synthesis of chitosan magnetic nanoparticles was carried out by co-precipitation with the addition of glutaraldehyde under acidic conditions and the addition of TPP under alkaline conditions. The results showed that the FTIR spectrum gave characteristic bands at 3131.96 cm-1 (OH and NH), 1635.86 cm-1 (C=O), 1401.97 cm-1 (CN), ~1110 cm-1 (COC), and ~617 cm-1 (Fe-O). SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of CMNP-GA particle aggregation was clear more than that of CMNP-TPP. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined by PSA analysis, which was 131.95 µm and 137.10 µm, respectively. The results of the XRD analysis showed that, in addition to the Fe3O4 and chitosan phases, the produced CMNP also contained γFe2O3 phase, which was considered to be caused by Fe3O4 oxidation","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87445283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.639
S. Hadiantoro, Dyah Ratna Wulan, Y. Maryanty
Bioinformatics is helpful for solving molecular biology problems computationally with the advantage of being safe, free from chemical waste, secure, cost-effective, and can shorten research time. The issues that arise can be in the form of degradation of the xylanase enzyme using some microorganisms like Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei on lignocellulose bonds. To predict the optimum conditions for this enzymatic reaction has used bioinformatics applications through substrate enzymes obtained from protein data banks. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for obtaining xylanase enzymes from the microorganisms Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei by bioinformatics (in silico). This research was conducted in bioinformatics using a RCSB Protein Data Bank database and PubChem. The programs used to see the interaction between substrate enzymes are PyMol, PyRx, and LigPlot. The best conditions based on the results of bioinformatics simulations will form the basis for producing xylanases on a laboratory scale. In this study, the results of interaction data between Bacillus subtilis and D-xylose, Aspergillus niger with D-xylose, and Trichoderma reesei with D-xylose have a binding affinity value of -5.2 kcal/mol; -5.1 kcal/mol; and -4.3 kcal/mol respectively.
{"title":"Study of Xylose as Product Inhibitor in Xylanase from Aspergillus niger, Basillus subtilis, and Tricodherma reesei: Insilico and Experimental Review Approach","authors":"S. Hadiantoro, Dyah Ratna Wulan, Y. Maryanty","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.02.639","url":null,"abstract":"Bioinformatics is helpful for solving molecular biology problems computationally with the advantage of being safe, free from chemical waste, secure, cost-effective, and can shorten research time. The issues that arise can be in the form of degradation of the xylanase enzyme using some microorganisms like Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei on lignocellulose bonds. To predict the optimum conditions for this enzymatic reaction has used bioinformatics applications through substrate enzymes obtained from protein data banks. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for obtaining xylanase enzymes from the microorganisms Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma reesei by bioinformatics (in silico). This research was conducted in bioinformatics using a RCSB Protein Data Bank database and PubChem. The programs used to see the interaction between substrate enzymes are PyMol, PyRx, and LigPlot. The best conditions based on the results of bioinformatics simulations will form the basis for producing xylanases on a laboratory scale. In this study, the results of interaction data between Bacillus subtilis and D-xylose, Aspergillus niger with D-xylose, and Trichoderma reesei with D-xylose have a binding affinity value of -5.2 kcal/mol; -5.1 kcal/mol; and -4.3 kcal/mol respectively.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72630007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.11.02.646
Devi Anggraini Putri, Riyadatus Solihah, Rianur Oktavia, S. Fatmawati
Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) is one of the most commercially farming products in the world. Indonesia is one of the top ten tobacco producing countries in the world since 1990’s. Based on literature studies, tobacco has the main secondary metabolites such as cembranoids and flavonoids. They have fine biological activities as antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiHIV, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti-termite, and cytotoxicity effects. Therefore, N. tabacum is potential for further investigation on natural products research. This review aims to provide scientific evidences related to structure activity relationship between secondary metabolites and biological activities of N. tabacum.
{"title":"Secondary Metabolites of Nicotiana tabacum and Their Biological Activities: A Review","authors":"Devi Anggraini Putri, Riyadatus Solihah, Rianur Oktavia, S. Fatmawati","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.11.02.646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.11.02.646","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) is one of the most commercially farming products in the world. Indonesia is one of the top ten tobacco producing countries in the world since 1990’s. Based on literature studies, tobacco has the main secondary metabolites such as cembranoids and flavonoids. They have fine biological activities as antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiHIV, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti-termite, and cytotoxicity effects. Therefore, N. tabacum is potential for further investigation on natural products research. This review aims to provide scientific evidences related to structure activity relationship between secondary metabolites and biological activities of N. tabacum.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88291550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous research showed that rice husk has a high silica content so it becomes an alternative for processing rice waste. The acid leaching method is a technique to isolate silica by adding an acid solution. The research aim is to obtain the optimum silica yield and determine the chemical ash content of rice husks (rice IR-64,). Rice husks were first calcined at two various temperatures and times. The average yields obtained were 19.54% (500oC / 1 hr), 18.42% (500oC / 2 hrs), 25.03% (700oC /1 hr), and 22.4% (700oC/2 hrs). The physical appearance of ash was grains and white (700 oC/1hr), that were rinsed with 1 M HCl solution to remove impurities. Added 1 M NaOH was to form sodium silicate. The last step was to isolate silica using different concentrations of HCl and HNO3 (3 M, 2 M, and 1 M). The highest result was 99.87% of silica under HNO3 1 M solution. An infrared study supports that the isolated product was silica, with the presence of prominent peaks at 1102 cm-1 (stretching Si-O) and 471 cm-1 (bending Si-O). A unique peak at 958 cm-1 for Si-O-Ca present at the isolated silica using HCl 3 M, gives information on inosilicate type structure. X-ray diffraction analysis with QualX application showed that silica had cristobalite and wollastonite peaks, and the value of crystallinity index was about 63.91%.
{"title":"Acid Isolation Techniques for Silica isolation from Rice Husk and Determination of Its Physicochemical Properties","authors":"Siti Mutrofin, Diah Mardiana, Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.641","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research showed that rice husk has a high silica content so it becomes an alternative for processing rice waste. The acid leaching method is a technique to isolate silica by adding an acid solution. The research aim is to obtain the optimum silica yield and determine the chemical ash content of rice husks (rice IR-64,). Rice husks were first calcined at two various temperatures and times. The average yields obtained were 19.54% (500oC / 1 hr), 18.42% (500oC / 2 hrs), 25.03% (700oC /1 hr), and 22.4% (700oC/2 hrs). The physical appearance of ash was grains and white (700 oC/1hr), that were rinsed with 1 M HCl solution to remove impurities. Added 1 M NaOH was to form sodium silicate. The last step was to isolate silica using different concentrations of HCl and HNO3 (3 M, 2 M, and 1 M). The highest result was 99.87% of silica under HNO3 1 M solution. An infrared study supports that the isolated product was silica, with the presence of prominent peaks at 1102 cm-1 (stretching Si-O) and 471 cm-1 (bending Si-O). A unique peak at 958 cm-1 for Si-O-Ca present at the isolated silica using HCl 3 M, gives information on inosilicate type structure. X-ray diffraction analysis with QualX application showed that silica had cristobalite and wollastonite peaks, and the value of crystallinity index was about 63.91%.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.654
Abdul Haris Watoni, La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan, Muhammad Daffa Rahmatullah, Angelina Ike Dwiyanti Kalpen Bunga, S. Supardi
Disinfectant is one of the materials that can be used to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, but most of the disinfectants used in the community are disinfectants made from synthetic chemicals that are harmful to the environment. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver (Ag) nanoparticles-mangosteen rind extract as an active ingredient in an environmentally friendly disinfectant formula. The synthesis process of silver nanoparticles was carried out by adding a bioreductant of mangosteen rind extract into a 0.01 M AgNO3 solution precursor with a variation of the precursor : bioreductor volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6, respectively. The results of the analysis with UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the silver nanoparticles of mangosteen rind extract had good stability. The decrease in the absorption peak in the FTIR spectrum at a wave number of 3390.86 cm-1 indicates the contribution of the –OH group in the bioreductant compound in the reduction process of silver nanoparticles. PSA analysis and digital microscopy showed that the diameter of the synthesized silver nanoparticles with a volume ratio of bioreductor : precursor 1:1 was 82.33 nm. The antimicrobial activity test showed that the active ingredient mixture of silver-mangosteen rind extract with a composition of 1:1 had the best activity in deactivating of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. The results of this study indicate that the mixture also can be used as active ingredients for environmentally friendly liquid disinfectants.
消毒液是可以用来灭活病原微生物的物质之一，但社区中使用的消毒剂大多是由对环境有害的合成化学品制成的消毒剂。本研究的目的是合成并评价纳米银(Ag)颗粒山竹果皮提取物作为一种环保消毒液的活性成分的抗菌活性。在0.01 M AgNO3溶液前驱体中加入山竹皮提取物的生物还原剂，前驱体体积比分别为1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6。紫外可见光谱分析结果表明，山竹果皮提取物的纳米银具有良好的稳定性。在3390.86 cm-1波数处，FTIR光谱吸收峰的减小表明生物还原剂化合物中的-OH基团在银纳米粒子的还原过程中起到了一定的作用。PSA分析和数码显微镜显示，合成的生物还原剂与前驱体体积比为1:1的银纳米颗粒直径为82.33 nm。抑菌活性试验表明，以1:1比例的山竹皮提取物和银山竹皮提取物组成的有效成分混合物对革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌的灭活活性最好。研究结果表明，该混合物也可作为环保型液体消毒剂的有效成分。
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis Using Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Rind Extract For Environmentally Friendly Liquid Disinfectant Active Ingredients","authors":"Abdul Haris Watoni, La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan, Muhammad Daffa Rahmatullah, Angelina Ike Dwiyanti Kalpen Bunga, S. Supardi","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.654","url":null,"abstract":"Disinfectant is one of the materials that can be used to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, but most of the disinfectants used in the community are disinfectants made from synthetic chemicals that are harmful to the environment. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver (Ag) nanoparticles-mangosteen rind extract as an active ingredient in an environmentally friendly disinfectant formula. The synthesis process of silver nanoparticles was carried out by adding a bioreductant of mangosteen rind extract into a 0.01 M AgNO3 solution precursor with a variation of the precursor : bioreductor volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6, respectively. The results of the analysis with UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the silver nanoparticles of mangosteen rind extract had good stability. The decrease in the absorption peak in the FTIR spectrum at a wave number of 3390.86 cm-1 indicates the contribution of the –OH group in the bioreductant compound in the reduction process of silver nanoparticles. PSA analysis and digital microscopy showed that the diameter of the synthesized silver nanoparticles with a volume ratio of bioreductor : precursor 1:1 was 82.33 nm. The antimicrobial activity test showed that the active ingredient mixture of silver-mangosteen rind extract with a composition of 1:1 had the best activity in deactivating of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. The results of this study indicate that the mixture also can be used as active ingredients for environmentally friendly liquid disinfectants.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79606926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.608
A. Noba, A. Hema, E. Kabré, Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié, P. Ouôba, Constantin M. Dabiré, Remy K. Bationo, Moumouni Koala, E. Palé, M. Nacro
A wild fruit from classified forest of Dindéresso was analyzed for total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, spectrophotometric method of Zhishen and colleagues and by the differential pH method respectively. Free radical-scavenging activities of studied fruits extracts were estimated using diammonium 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) salt method. Three major anthocyanins were identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with spray ionization interface mass spectrometry. Three identified anthocyanins in fruit were reported to be cyanidin 3-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. In addition, H. monopetalus fruit contained of about 1165±3.1 mg of GAE per 100 g of fresh fruit, 4490±20.2 mg of QE per 100 g of fresh fruit, and 36±0.17 mg of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalents per 100 g of fresh fruit. Total anthocyanin extract had an EC50 = 4.24 mg per mL and a TEC50 time of 21 minutes (intermediate reaction). This free radical-scavenging activity was very low compared to those of the references used (0.024 and 0.034 mg/mL respectively for ascorbic acid and Trolox). The low antiradical activity and reactivity of the H. mucronata extract could be explained by several factors. In any case, fruits of this species were potential sources of natural bioactive substances having beneficial effects on the health of consumers.
{"title":"Determination of the radical-scavenging activities and identification of anthocyanins from Hexalobus monopetalus ripe fruits","authors":"A. Noba, A. Hema, E. Kabré, Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié, P. Ouôba, Constantin M. Dabiré, Remy K. Bationo, Moumouni Koala, E. Palé, M. Nacro","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.608","url":null,"abstract":"A wild fruit from classified forest of Dindéresso was analyzed for total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, spectrophotometric method of Zhishen and colleagues and by the differential pH method respectively. Free radical-scavenging activities of studied fruits extracts were estimated using diammonium 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) salt method. Three major anthocyanins were identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with spray ionization interface mass spectrometry. Three identified anthocyanins in fruit were reported to be cyanidin 3-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. In addition, H. monopetalus fruit contained of about 1165±3.1 mg of GAE per 100 g of fresh fruit, 4490±20.2 mg of QE per 100 g of fresh fruit, and 36±0.17 mg of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalents per 100 g of fresh fruit. Total anthocyanin extract had an EC50 = 4.24 mg per mL and a TEC50 time of 21 minutes (intermediate reaction). This free radical-scavenging activity was very low compared to those of the references used (0.024 and 0.034 mg/mL respectively for ascorbic acid and Trolox). The low antiradical activity and reactivity of the H. mucronata extract could be explained by several factors. In any case, fruits of this species were potential sources of natural bioactive substances having beneficial effects on the health of consumers.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"312 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76520853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.618
Jangga Jangga, M. Mansur, S. Latu
This study aimed to determine the effect of Klika ongkea (Mezzetia parviflora Becc.) extract on the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells on Wistar rats that were induced using streptozotocin. Streptozotocin (STZ) with a 40 mg/kg BW dose was used in this study. Eighty adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were divided into four groups, Group I, as a healthy controls; Group II as an STZ-induced, Group III, STZ-induced and treated with galvus (Vildagliptin) 0.9 mg/200 g BW; Group IV, STZ-induced and treated with Klika ongkea 100 mg/kg BW. This study was conducted for 28 days. Four animals each group on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days were observed to analyze the number of pancreatic β-cells. On the last day, pancreases were isolated and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to analyze the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. The data analysis was performed using an Independent-Sample T-Test to compare the number of pancreatic β-cells. The results showed that the administration of Klika ongkea extracts affected the pancreatic β-cells regeneration. These findings suggest that Klika ongkea has an effect on the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin-induced rats.
本研究旨在探讨香参提取物对链脲佐菌素诱导Wistar大鼠胰腺β-细胞再生的影响。本研究采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)，剂量为40 mg/kg BW。本研究选用80只成年雄性Wistar大鼠。这些动物被分为四组，第一组作为健康对照;II组为stz诱导组，III组为stz诱导组，用galvus(维格列汀)0.9 mg/200 g BW处理;IV组，stz诱导，用100 mg/kg BW的Klika ongkea处理。本研究为期28天。各组分别于第1、7、14、21、28天观察胰腺β细胞数量。最后一天，分离胰腺，苏木精&伊红(H&E)染色，分析胰腺β-细胞的再生情况。数据分析采用独立样本t检验比较胰腺β细胞的数量。结果表明，苦参提取物对胰腺β细胞再生有影响。这些发现表明，Klika ongkea对链脲佐菌素诱导的大鼠胰腺β细胞再生有影响。
{"title":"The Effect of Klika Ongkea Extract (Mezzetia parviflora Becc.) on Pancreatic β-Cells Regeneration by Streptozotocin-Induced in Wistar Rats","authors":"Jangga Jangga, M. Mansur, S. Latu","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.618","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of Klika ongkea (Mezzetia parviflora Becc.) extract on the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells on Wistar rats that were induced using streptozotocin. Streptozotocin (STZ) with a 40 mg/kg BW dose was used in this study. Eighty adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were divided into four groups, Group I, as a healthy controls; Group II as an STZ-induced, Group III, STZ-induced and treated with galvus (Vildagliptin) 0.9 mg/200 g BW; Group IV, STZ-induced and treated with Klika ongkea 100 mg/kg BW. This study was conducted for 28 days. Four animals each group on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days were observed to analyze the number of pancreatic β-cells. On the last day, pancreases were isolated and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to analyze the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. The data analysis was performed using an Independent-Sample T-Test to compare the number of pancreatic β-cells. The results showed that the administration of Klika ongkea extracts affected the pancreatic β-cells regeneration. These findings suggest that Klika ongkea has an effect on the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin-induced rats.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87838421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.640
Reza Mega Wahyuni, Husni Wahyu Wijaya, Meyga Evi Ferama Sari, I. Wayan Dasna, Nani Farida
The synthesis of ionic complexes of cadmium(II) chloride and cobalt(II) chloride with N,N'-diethylthiourea (detu) ligands has not been previously reported. Therefore, in this research, the synthesis was carried out to study the structure and characterization of the two ionic complex compounds. The cadmium(II)-detu ionic complex was synthesized using the direct reaction method with a ratio between Cd(II) salt and detu ligand of 1:2. Meanwhile, the cobalt(II)-detu ionic complex was synthesized with a ratio between Co(II) salt and detu ligand of 2:4. The cadmium(II)-detu and cobalt(II)-detu ionic complexes have melting points of 105-108 ˚C and 122-125 ˚C, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the cadmium(II)-detu and cobalt(II)-detu complexes showed that the complexes were ionic. The FTIR analysis showed the shifting of the C=S functional group’s band to the smaller wavenumber, which indicates the coordinating detu ligand to the cadmium(II) and cobalt(II) through the S atom. The indirect evidence from 1H-NMR showed that CH3 and CH2 only slightly shifted between the free detu ligand and the Cd-detu and Co-detu complexes.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Complex Compounds from Cadmium(II) Chloride and Cobalt(II) Chloride with N,N'-Diethylthiourea","authors":"Reza Mega Wahyuni, Husni Wahyu Wijaya, Meyga Evi Ferama Sari, I. Wayan Dasna, Nani Farida","doi":"10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.640","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of ionic complexes of cadmium(II) chloride and cobalt(II) chloride with N,N'-diethylthiourea (detu) ligands has not been previously reported. Therefore, in this research, the synthesis was carried out to study the structure and characterization of the two ionic complex compounds. The cadmium(II)-detu ionic complex was synthesized using the direct reaction method with a ratio between Cd(II) salt and detu ligand of 1:2. Meanwhile, the cobalt(II)-detu ionic complex was synthesized with a ratio between Co(II) salt and detu ligand of 2:4. The cadmium(II)-detu and cobalt(II)-detu ionic complexes have melting points of 105-108 ˚C and 122-125 ˚C, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the cadmium(II)-detu and cobalt(II)-detu complexes showed that the complexes were ionic. The FTIR analysis showed the shifting of the C=S functional group’s band to the smaller wavenumber, which indicates the coordinating detu ligand to the cadmium(II) and cobalt(II) through the S atom. The indirect evidence from 1H-NMR showed that CH3 and CH2 only slightly shifted between the free detu ligand and the Cd-detu and Co-detu complexes.","PeriodicalId":22728,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85182391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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