Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

Aquaculture has undergone unprecedented growth in recent decades, driven by the increasing global demand for seafood. However, this expansion brings environmental challenges and underscores the need for species diversification and sustainable farming practices. Among the rising stars of aquaculture, the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) stands out as a prime candidate due to its remarkable adaptability, high market value, and strong biological traits. This review provides an in-depth exploration of eight key aspects of Asian seabass aquaculture: (1) species biology and distribution, (2) the current status of its global aquaculture, (3) nutritional value and health benefits, (4) genetic improvement through selective breeding, molecular techniques, and genome editing, (5) environmental sustainability and ecological impact, (6) disease management and health challenges, (7) market trends and economic viability, and (8) future prospects and research directions. Advances in genetics and breeding technologies have significantly enhanced key traits such as rapid growth, disease resistance, and omega-3 content, further cementing its role as a species of high commercial importance. To fully unlock its potential, ongoing research in disease prevention, climate resilience, optimized nutrition, and advanced breeding strategies is crucial. Coupled with strategic investments in farming technologies, branding, and market expansion, Asian seabass is well-positioned to become a versatile species of both marine and freshwater aquaculture.

Serotonin is an ancient monoamine neurotransmitter and hormone that has existed for millions of years, from prokaryotic life forms to modern humans. It is also commonly known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). In mammals, it is well known for its actions in depression, aggression, anxiety, stress, and sexual behavior. In crustaceans, this molecule plays some vital roles in agonistic behavior, which is the main cause of economic loss in many crustacean (e.g., crayfish and crab) farms. 5-HT is commonly used to induce reproduction and can potentially be used as an alternative treatment for unilateral eyestalk ablation. This neurotransmitter has direct effects on development, molting, growth, feeding, digestion, and gut microbiota. It is also the main regulator of stress response, osmoregulation, and, to a lesser extent, energy homeostasis in crustaceans. Further, the immune and antioxidant systems and intermediary metabolism are affected by 5-HT administration. 5-HT regulates almost all physiological mechanisms in crustaceans. Antidepressant drugs that inhibit 5-HT reuptake are used for treating behavioral disorders, but their toxicological impacts on the environment are a severe threat. Despite this massive range of actions, no review has ever been conducted to provide an overview of 5-HT roles in any aquatic species. In this review, these physiological mechanisms are discussed, and suggestions for future directions for research and aquaculture are provided.

Over 90% of plastic debris in marine environments consists of microplastics smaller than 5 mm. This is a growing global concern, especially given the emerging but largely unquantified presence of nanoplastics. This review synthesizes current knowledge on micro- and nanoplastic contamination in coastal areas and its effects on bivalve species, particularly oysters and mussels, whether in aquaculture or the wild. Drawing on 316 references, notably case studies of (micro)plastic waste contamination of surface waters, sediments, and animals in coastal areas, and experimental data on ingestion, fate, and impacts of micro-nanoplastics on organisms. Microplastic levels range from a few particles per cubic meter of seawater (> 300 μm) to several hundred per kilogram of sediment. Between 60% and 93% of oysters and mussels are contaminated, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2.9 particles per gram of tissue; over 80% of these particles are smaller than 50 μm. After ingestion, most microplastics are excreted, but smaller nanoplastics (< 100 nm) can cross biological membranes and reach internal organs. Even transient exposure in the digestive tract can impair energy uptake, immune function, and reproduction. Plastic additives can also cause endocrine-like disruptions. Reducing plastic pollution in coastal environments requires coordinated action. Effective actions should include integrated and enforceable strategies, including international regulations on plastic additives, improved waste management, and the promotion of safer alternative materials.

Cryopreservation is an effective technique to preserve biomaterials for a very long time period. The long-term preservation techniques benefit the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, such as optimizing the breeding schemes. Currently, many cryopreservation attempts have been conducted on fish embryos and gametes. The cryopreservation of fish sperms is the most successful among these studies due to the simple structure of sperms. However, the cryopreservation of female gametes is developing at a much slower pace. In this work, the techniques and progress related to the cryopreservation of fish embryos, blastomeres, oocytes, testicular tissue, ovarian tissues, and primordial germ cells (PGCs) are introduced. This review first discusses the cryoprotective agents (CPAs) used in the cryopreservation or vitrification of fish embryos and gametes. Then we summarize advanced techniques including the pretreatment, rewarming methods, removal of CPAs, and assessment methods, followed by introducing the preservation results. In the end, some suggestions are raised for the future development of fish embryos, germ cells, and gonadal tissues.

The scale of intensive Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture has increased over the past few decades. However, the inorganic nitrogen and suspended solids (SSs) generated during the aquaculture process are toxic to shrimp and have negative environmental effects. Therefore, removing these pollutants from aquaculture systems is a critical issue that must be addressed. In addition to the widely used recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) and biofloc technology (BFTs), the addition of submerged substrates to L. vannamei aquaculture tanks to construct in situ biofilm aquaculture systems (in situ BFSs) is an alternative that results in favorable water quality and enables low or zero water exchange, significantly improving shrimp performance and decreasing the feed conversion ratio (FCR). This review highlights the principles, construction methods, water treatment effectiveness, and impact of in situ BFSs on L. vannamei growth as well as pathogen control. The selection of appropriate substrates and methods for nitrifying biofilm cultivation and substrate fixation can significantly affect water treatment efficiency, reduce the concentrations of harmful substances (SSs, ammonia and nitrite) and provide additional nutrients and habitats for L. vannamei, thereby increasing their survival rate and enhancing their growth performance. In addition, the integration of in situ BFSs with BFTs and algal-symbiotic systems is discussed. In this paper, the potential for further increasing the treatment capacity of in situ BFSs through sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) and electric field-assisted biofilm systems is proposed. The application of these innovative technologies is expected to provide new insights and solutions for achieving sustainable development in L. vannamei aquaculture.

Fish escapes and mortality events from aquaculture facilities pose significant ecological and economic threats by undermining biodiversity and destabilizing market returns. In Türkiye, the rapid expansion of aquaculture has been accompanied by a rise in such incidents, raising concerns regarding species integrity and industry sustainability. To elucidate the spatiotemporal patterns and causal factors of aquaculture incidents in Türkiye, this study systematically analyzed 44 documented events reported between 2010 and 2024. The dataset, compiled from publicly available media sources, comprised 26 mortality events and 18 fish escapes, each classified by species, geographical region, aquaculture system, and reported cause. All incidents involved rainbow trout, European seabass, or gilthead bream—the three most widely farmed finfish species in Türkiye. The findings revealed that freshwater incidents predominantly affected rainbow trout, whereas marine incidents primarily involved European seabass and gilthead bream, with additional cases concerning rainbow trout. Extreme weather events (e.g., storms and flash floods) accounted for 56.5% of escape incidents, while structural failures and maritime collisions each contributed 17.4%. Temporal trends indicated a twofold increase in incident frequency from 2010–2015 to 2020–2024, reflecting both sectoral growth and heightened climate variability. Offshore operations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions were particularly vulnerable to storm-related breaches, while inland facilities in the Eastern Black Sea and Anatolian regions faced elevated flood risks. These findings emphasize the importance of investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, real-time monitoring, and species-specific containment strategies to mitigate escape risks and support the continued sustainable development of aquaculture in Türkiye.

Over the past two decades, China's spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) aquaculture has flourished and made significant contributions to the national fishery economy. Characterized by a rapid growth rate and strong adaptability to various environmental conditions, this species also possesses the potential for global promotion in the aquaculture industry. The achievements in China's spotted sea bass aquaculture are inherently tied to progress in multidisciplinary knowledge and technology. To further catalyze the high-quality development of the industry, a systematic review encompassing diverse research areas is imperative. This review encapsulates the advancements made in China's spotted sea bass aquaculture over the past two decades, and synthesizes decades of research progress encompassing germplasm management, seed production, breeding, nutrition, and common diseases. On this basis, it provides insights into the current challenges confronting the industry and highlights further goals for the industry's development. Such a review is not only of great significance for promoting the further systematic development of China's spotted sea bass aquaculture but also serves as a Chinese model for reference to the global promotion of spotted sea bass aquaculture practices.