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Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science最新文献

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Optimized cascaded CNN for intelligent rainfall prediction model: a research towards statistic-based machine learning 用于智能降雨预测模型的优化级联CNN:基于统计的机器学习研究
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2135786
Mobin Akhtar, A. Shatat, Shabir Ahamad, Sara Dilshad, Faizan Samdani
Abstract Using artificial intelligence to anticipate weather conditions, according to prior research, can provide positive results. Forecasts of meteorological time series can aid disaster-prevention personnel in making more informed judgments. Deep learning has recently been shown to be a viable technique for solving complicated issues and analyzing large amounts of data. Statistical learning theory is a type of machine learning that combines statistics and functional analysis. To answer the problem of rainfall forecasting, this study employs a statistically-based machine learning technique. The benchmark meteorological data is first pre-processed using data augmentation and data normalization. The machine learning is then given statistical characteristics such as "first order and second order statistical information" for prediction. The Adaptive Searched Scaling factor-based Elephant Herding Optimization (ASS-EHO)is used to optimize the Cascaded Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for rainfall prediction as an improved prediction model, with parameter tuning such as cascaded CNN count, hidden neuron count, and activation function optimized. The new prediction model is a statistical-based machine learning model in which the aim function is the reduction of the cross entropy loss function. The results are compared to established statistical methodologies, demonstrating that the model may be used to estimate daily rainfall quickly and accurately.
根据先前的研究,使用人工智能来预测天气状况可以提供积极的结果。气象时间序列预报可以帮助防灾人员做出更明智的判断。深度学习最近被证明是解决复杂问题和分析大量数据的可行技术。统计学习理论是一种结合了统计学和功能分析的机器学习。为了回答降雨预报的问题,本研究采用了基于统计的机器学习技术。首先对基准气象数据进行数据增强和数据归一化预处理。然后,机器学习被赋予诸如“一阶和二阶统计信息”之类的统计特征来进行预测。采用基于自适应搜索缩放因子的大象放牧优化(ASS-EHO)方法对级联卷积神经网络(CNN)进行降雨预测优化,作为一种改进的预测模型,对级联CNN计数、隐藏神经元计数、激活函数等参数进行优化。新的预测模型是一种基于统计的机器学习模型,其目标函数是交叉熵损失函数的约简。结果与已建立的统计方法进行了比较,表明该模型可用于快速准确地估计日降雨量。
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引用次数: 0
Representativity and univocity of traffic signs and their effect of trajectory movement in a tracking task: informative signs 交通标志的代表性和唯一性及其对跟踪任务中轨迹移动的影响:信息标志
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2140855
J. Vilchez
Abstract The importance of how cognitive processes (Reasoning) influence on the understanding and the mental representation of road-side elements in form of the movement effects on the path driving must be studied in-depth. Literature shows that the key point to explain the influence of attention on movement is the meaning of the object being processed; literature also shows that the Reasoning with those cues we pay attention to has an effect on driving. By using a driving-simulation task, traffic signs have been tested on their effect on movement. Results show that the least-representative-of-their-meaning signs deviate participants´ movement path more intensively than the most-representative-of-their-meaning signs. Conclusions: Traffic accidents are well-known for their. The results here reported help to improve the cognitive Ergonomics of every road element, specially, traffic signs.
摘要:认知过程(推理)如何以道路驾驶的运动效应的形式影响对路边要素的理解和心理表征,必须深入研究。文献表明,解释注意对运动影响的关键是被加工对象的意义;文献还表明,我们所关注的这些线索的推理对驾驶有影响。通过驾驶模拟任务,测试了交通标志对运动的影响。结果表明,最不具代表性的意义符号比最具代表性的意义符号更严重地偏离了参与者的运动路径。结论:交通事故是众所周知的。这里报告的结果有助于提高每个道路元素的认知人机工程学,特别是交通标志。
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引用次数: 1
Clarifying the nature of failure in sociotechnical systems: ambiguity-based failure and expectation-based failure 阐明社会技术系统中失败的性质:基于模糊性的失败和基于期望的失败
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2022.2144961
E. Kerr, Vivek Kant
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引用次数: 0
Cohesion in human–autonomy teams: an approach for future research 人类自主团队中的凝聚力:一种未来研究的方法
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2033876
Shan G. Lakhmani, Catherine Neubauer, Andrea S. Krausman, Sean M. Fitzhugh, Samantha Berg, Julia L. Wright, E. Rovira, Jordan Blackman, Kristin E. Schaefer
Abstract Cohesion is an important property of teams that can affect individual teammates and team outcomes. However, cohesion in teams that include autonomous systems as teammates is an underexplored topic. We examine the extant literature on cohesion in human teams, then build on that foundation to advance the understanding of cohesion in human–autonomy teams, both similarities and differences. We describe team cohesion, the various definitions, factors, dimensions and associated benefits and detriments. We discuss how that element may be affected when the team includes an autonomous teammate with each description. Finally, we identify specific factors of human–autonomy interaction that may be relevant to cohesion, then articulate future research questions critical to advancing science for effective human–autonomy teams. Relevance Statement: The human team literature has provided a foundation onto which human–autonomy team research can build, but the team dynamics, and subsequent states, established in multi-human teams are expected to differ in human–autonomy teams. This manuscript focuses on cohesion, one such state and synthesises elements of human team cohesion and human–autonomy interaction to detail expectations for cohesion in human–autonomy teams. These expectations can serve as a launch point for future research.
摘要凝聚力是团队的一个重要特性,它可以影响个人队友和团队的结果。然而,将自主系统作为队友的团队中的凝聚力是一个未被充分探索的话题。我们研究了现存的关于人类团队凝聚力的文献,然后在此基础上推进对人类自主团队凝聚力的理解,包括相似性和差异性。我们描述了团队凝聚力、各种定义、因素、维度以及相关的好处和坏处。我们讨论了当团队在每个描述中都包含一个自主队友时,该元素可能会受到怎样的影响。最后,我们确定了可能与凝聚力相关的人-自主互动的具体因素,然后阐明了未来的研究问题,这些问题对于推动科学发展,建立有效的人-自治团队至关重要。相关性陈述:人类团队文献为人类自主团队研究奠定了基础,但多人团队中建立的团队动态和后续状态预计在人类自主团队中会有所不同。这篇手稿专注于凝聚力,一种这样的状态,并综合了人类团队凝聚力和人类-自主互动的元素,以详细说明人类-自主团队对凝聚力的期望。这些期望可以作为未来研究的起点。
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引用次数: 1
Interaction between the interior built environment and the human being. An integrative review in relation to perception, health, and well-being 室内建筑环境与人类之间的互动。关于感知、健康和幸福感的综合综述
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2134940
María José Araya León, Ricardo Guasch, A. T. Estévez, Javier Peña
Abstract Given that human being inhabits approximately 80% of the time within the built environment, it is necessary to understand how this affects them. Therefore, this article analyzes the state of the art on the interaction between the interior built environment and the human being, -their health and well-being- with a holistic view. Considering the perceived and not perceived aspects. And the psychological and biological responses of human beings. Through an integrative review developed at the WOS database, between 1998 and 2018 with the question: What are the parameters that have been studied of the interaction between human beings and the built environment, perceived and not perceived, related to health and well-being? and In what contexts have these issues been scientifically developed from a systemic perspective? With 11,997 titles filtered, 244 articles are analyzed. Among the main results, it is observed that the most studied context is the domestic one, followed by the work and educational context. Air quality is the most intervened parameter, followed by the physical-environmental parameters. And it is observed that matter is occasionally related to human parameters. This article proposes a vision focused on interdisciplinarity, which allows updating knowledge and contributing to evidence-based design methods.
鉴于人类大约80%的时间居住在建筑环境中,有必要了解这对他们的影响。因此,本文从整体的角度分析了室内建筑环境与人的健康和福祉之间相互作用的现状。考虑可感知和不可感知的方面。以及人类的心理和生理反应。通过1998年至2018年期间在WOS数据库开发的综合审查,问题是:人类与建筑环境之间的相互作用,感知和未感知,与健康和福祉相关的研究参数是什么?在什么情况下,这些问题是从系统的角度科学地发展起来的?在筛选了11,997个标题后,分析了244篇文章。在主要结果中,研究最多的是家庭情境,其次是工作情境和教育情境。空气质量是受影响最大的参数,其次是物理环境参数。我们观察到,物质有时与人的参数有关。本文提出了一个专注于跨学科的愿景,它允许更新知识并为基于证据的设计方法做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Ergonomic risk factors analysis in remote workplace 远程工作场所人体工程学危险因素分析
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2135788
Shemelis Nesibu Wodajeneh, Daniel Kitawu Azene, B. Abebe, Kassu Jilcha Sileyew, Gezahegn Tesfaye Dadi
Abstract The purpose of this study is to synthesise ergonomic risk factors and their consequences on the well-being of employees working from the remote workplace. A comprehensive search was conducted in 15 databases ranging from June 1996 until January 2022. All qualitative and mixed method was explored related to ergonomic risk factors in remote workplace. Two independent reviewers were selected for inclusion and assessed each study quality. A systematic review and meta-synthesis guidelines were used to synthesise the findings of the included articles. The finding indicated that 26 articles met the inclusion and quality criteria. Nine key ergonomic risk factors were identified in the remote workplace. Moreover, back pain, pain in the neck, depression and vocal disorder were the identified musculoskeletal disorder in the remote workplace. Finally, a hypothetical model, and wellness wheel, which show the relationship among the nine ergonomic risk factors, workplace wellness and musculoskeletal-disorder were proposed. Hence, awkward posture, poor working environment, psychosocial risk factors, poor work-spaces design and work overload are the most dominantly studied ergonomic risk factors. Lower and upper back pain, pain in the neck and depression are also the most studied musculoskeletal disorders that affect the well-being of employees in the remote workplace.
摘要:本研究的目的是综合人体工程学风险因素及其对远程工作场所员工健康的影响。从1996年6月至2022年1月,在15个数据库中进行了全面搜索。对远程工作场所的人机工程学危险因素进行定性和混合分析。选择两名独立评论者纳入并评估每项研究的质量。采用系统评价和综合指南对纳入文章的结果进行综合。结果表明,26篇文章符合纳入标准和质量标准。在远程工作场所确定了9个关键的人体工程学风险因素。此外,背部疼痛、颈部疼痛、抑郁和声音障碍是远程工作场所确定的肌肉骨骼疾病。最后,提出了九种人体工程学危险因素、工作场所健康和肌肉骨骼疾病之间关系的假设模型和健康轮。因此,尴尬的姿势、不良的工作环境、社会心理风险因素、不良的工作空间设计和工作负荷是最主要的人体工程学风险因素。下背部和上背部疼痛、颈部疼痛和抑郁症也是研究最多的影响远程工作场所员工幸福感的肌肉骨骼疾病。
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引用次数: 2
Importance of positive emotions in software developers’ performance: a narrative review 积极情绪在软件开发人员绩效中的重要性:叙述性综述
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2134483
Riba Maria Kurian, Shinto K Thomas
Abstract Software development depends heavily on human efforts and collaborations, which are simultaneously influenced by human emotions, and it is considered among the most difficult tasks. Software developers are susceptible to various health concerns such as burnout, anxiety and depression due to the work nature and demands of the software industry, and this may have detrimental effects on their performance. However, evidence portray significant beneficial effects of positive emotions on well-being, growth, and success. Accordingly, this paper investigates the relevance of positive emotions among software developers and strives to understand how positive emotions benefit developers’ performance. It surveys literature that examine the importance of affect among developers and the benefits of positive emotions on human well-being and employs a narrative style to present these aspects. This review discusses the potential mechanisms that underlie the association between frequent experiences of positive emotions and improved performance and suggests that positive emotions benefit developers’ performance. This emotional awareness has the potential to enhance the developer efficacy, thus contributing to the discipline of ergonomics. Findings also have positive implications for organisational counsellors as they help in developing and maintaining a positive organisational climate.
软件开发在很大程度上依赖于人的努力和协作,同时受人的情感影响,被认为是最困难的任务之一。由于软件行业的工作性质和需求,软件开发人员容易受到各种健康问题的影响,如倦怠、焦虑和抑郁,这可能对他们的表现产生不利影响。然而,有证据表明,积极情绪对幸福、成长和成功有显著的有益影响。因此,本文调查了积极情绪在软件开发人员中的相关性,并努力了解积极情绪如何促进开发人员的绩效。它调查了研究开发者的情感重要性和积极情绪对人类福祉的好处的文献,并采用叙事风格来呈现这些方面。本文讨论了频繁体验积极情绪与提高绩效之间的潜在机制,并表明积极情绪有利于开发人员的绩效。这种情感意识有可能提高开发人员的效能,从而有助于人体工程学的学科。研究结果对组织咨询师也有积极的影响,因为它们有助于发展和维持积极的组织氛围。
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引用次数: 0
Emergence and non-emergence for system safety 系统安全的紧急和非紧急
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2134941
G. Lintern, P. N. Kugler
Abstract Emergence has been proposed as an important construct for research on the safety of sociotechnical systems. There is, however, some dissension about the fundamental nature of emergence. Furthermore, there is little clarity on how this construct might be used within safety research to guide analysis or design of sociotechnical systems. Emergence has proven to be a challenging construct to pin down in disciplines such as philosophy and computer science. Most troubling is that the distinction between emergent and non-emergent phenomena remains unclear. Here we offer a pragmatic view by outlining models of different types of emergence. We subsequently argue that one type, functional–semantic emergence, bears on a crucial distinction between Safety I and Safety II as discussed within system safety research. We conclude that safety of sociotechnical systems can be enhanced by integrating retroactive control of non-emergent phenomena with proactive control of emergent phenomena where retroactive control is achieved through use of rules and procedures and proactive control is achieved through attention to subtle information and use of recognition-primed decisions. Practitioner Summary Emergence has recently been invoked as an important construct in the systems safety literature. There is, nevertheless, some dissension in that literature regarding the nature of emergence and there is little explanation of how it can inform an approach to system safety. Here we contrast different models of emergence as a means of clarifying the nature of emergence and non-emergence. From there, we argue that the contrast between emergence and non-emergence can inform the contrast between Safety I and Safety II approaches to system safety.
涌现是研究社会技术系统安全性的重要概念。然而,关于涌现的基本性质存在一些分歧。此外,对于如何在安全研究中使用这种结构来指导社会技术系统的分析或设计,目前还不太清楚。事实证明,在哲学和计算机科学等学科中,“涌现”是一个具有挑战性的概念。最令人不安的是,紧急现象和非紧急现象之间的区别仍然不清楚。在这里,我们通过概述不同类型的涌现模型,提供了一种实用主义的观点。我们随后认为,一种类型,功能-语义涌现,与系统安全研究中讨论的安全I和安全II之间的关键区别有关。我们的结论是,社会技术系统的安全性可以通过将非紧急现象的追溯控制与紧急现象的主动控制相结合来增强,其中追溯控制通过使用规则和程序来实现,而主动控制通过关注微妙信息和使用识别启动决策来实现。最近在系统安全文献中,涌现被认为是一个重要的概念。然而,在这些文献中,关于涌现的本质存在一些分歧,并且几乎没有解释它如何为系统安全方法提供信息。在这里,我们对比了不同的涌现模型,作为澄清涌现和非涌现本质的一种手段。由此,我们认为紧急和非紧急之间的对比可以为系统安全的安全I和安全II方法之间的对比提供信息。
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引用次数: 1
Association of organisational factors with work-related musculoskeletal disorders and psychological well-being: a job demand control model study 组织因素与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病和心理健康的关联:一个工作需求控制模型研究
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2121441
Priyamvada Singh, Prabhas Bhardwaj, S. Sharma, A. Agrawal
Abstract Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major work-related problem affecting employees’ well-being worldwide. Employee well-being is also associated with high organisational financial and social costs. Most working adults spend a considerable amount of time at their workplace, thus making workplace conditions a critical factor affecting their physical and mental health. This study addresses the role of work-related factors on WMSDs and psychological stress. For this purpose, 210 managers working in middle-level management in an Indian telecom organisation participated in the study. Data for the study was collected using a self-reported questionnaire. 64% of employees reported WMSDs, and 60% psychological stress. Structural equation modelling was used to study the effect of work-related factors on WMSDs and psychological stress. The study reported neck and lower back pain being the most frequently reported WMSD. Job control had a significant negative effect on WMSDs, and psychological stress, while workload did not affect either. Age was significantly associated with pain in the upper back and knees. The results suggested that increasing job control will result in employees’ better physical and psychological well-being.
摘要肌肉骨骼障碍(MSDs)是影响全球员工健康的一个主要工作问题。员工的幸福感也与高昂的组织财务和社会成本有关。大多数在职成年人在工作场所度过了相当长的时间,因此工作条件成为影响他们身心健康的关键因素。本研究探讨了工作相关因素对WMSD和心理压力的作用。为此,印度一家电信组织的210名中层管理人员参与了这项研究。该研究的数据是使用自我报告问卷收集的。64%的员工报告WMSD,60%的员工报告心理压力。结构方程模型用于研究工作相关因素对WMSD和心理压力的影响。该研究报告称,颈部和下背部疼痛是最常见的WMSD报告。工作控制对WMSD和心理压力有显著的负面影响,而工作量对两者都没有影响。年龄与上背部和膝盖疼痛显著相关。研究结果表明,加强工作控制将使员工身心健康。
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引用次数: 1
Circadian effect on physiology and driving performance in semi-automated vehicles 昼夜节律对半自动车辆生理和驾驶性能的影响
IF 1.6 Q4 ERGONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2121440
S. Kaduk, A. Roberts, N. Stanton
Abstract Human performance and physiology undergo circadian changes. The safety of driving tends to decrease at night and during the afternoon, and these changes cannot be solely addressed to the decreased visibility. Previous literature reported that circadian rhythmicity plays a role in these changes. A similar phenomenon might occur in semi-automated driving. Also, as physiology undergoes circadian changes, it was suggested that systems of driver state monitoring might have different accuracy during the day and at night. This paper investigated the circadian effect on driving performance and physiology of the driver in simulated semi-automated driving. 53 participants participated in the experiment twice, once during the day and once at night. They drove a driving simulator in the semi-automated driving scenario. Following psychophysiological functions were measured during the experiment: electromyography, electrooculography, electrocardiography, respiration, pulse, blood oxygenation, electrodermal activity, voice, sleepiness, fatigue, readiness to take-over manual control of the vehicles, mental workload, cortisol, and alpha-amylase. There was a significant correlation between circadian phase and sleepiness, fatigue, readiness to take-over manual driving, physical demand, mean autocorrelation of voice, mean noise to harmonics ratio in voice, horizontal eye movements, frequency of frontalis, mean power in frontalis, peak power in frontalis, cortisol level, and driving performance.
人类的表现和生理经历昼夜变化。驾驶的安全性在晚上和下午有下降的趋势,这些变化不能仅仅是由于能见度下降。先前的文献报道了昼夜节律性在这些变化中起作用。类似的现象也可能出现在半自动驾驶中。此外,由于生理经历昼夜节律变化,有人建议驾驶员状态监测系统在白天和晚上可能具有不同的准确性。本文研究了模拟半自动驾驶中昼夜节律对驾驶员驾驶性能和生理的影响。53名参与者参加了两次实验,一次在白天,一次在晚上。他们在半自动驾驶场景中驾驶驾驶模拟器。实验期间测量了以下心理生理功能:肌电图、眼电图、心电图、呼吸、脉搏、血氧、皮电活动、声音、嗜睡、疲劳、接管手动控制车辆的准备情况、精神负荷、皮质醇和α -淀粉酶。昼夜节律与嗜睡、疲劳、接管手动驾驶的准备程度、身体需求、语音平均自相关、语音平均噪声谐波比、水平眼动、额肌频率、额肌平均功率、额肌峰值功率、皮质醇水平和驾驶表现之间存在显著相关。
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引用次数: 0
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Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science
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