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Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science最新文献

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Developing a Bayesian network model for improving chemical plant workers’ situation awareness 建立贝叶斯网络模型提高化工厂工人的情境意识
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2107725
M. Mahdinia, I. Mohammadfam, Hamed Aghaei, M. Aliabadi, H. Fallah, A. Soltanzadeh
Abstract The present study aimed to create a Bayesian network (BN) model to manage and improve workers’ situation awareness. The 12 important variables affecting workers’ situation awareness were determined using the Fuzzy Delphi method and experts’ opinions. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The BN model was created using the Dempster-Shafer theory. The expectation-maximization algorithm was employed to determine the conditional probability tables. Belief updating was utilized to determine the variables with the strongest effects on situation awareness. Based on performance evaluation criteria of the BN model, the model performance was acceptable. Environmental distraction, safety knowledge, and fatigue were the best predictors of situation awareness. Furthermore, it was found that decreasing environmental distraction and work pressure, and improving safety knowledge were the best intervention strategies to improve workers’ situation awareness. Overall, we can conclude that the BN model is a powerful tool to create a causal model. Moreover, using belief updating as an exclusive characteristic of BN enables managers to select the best intervention strategies. The results of this study provide a basis for managers’ decision-making to improve employee safety performance in the workplaces and the proposed model can potentially be used for employee safety performance.
摘要本研究旨在创建一个贝叶斯网络(BN)模型来管理和提高工人的情境意识。运用模糊德尔菲法和专家意见,确定了影响工人情境意识的12个重要变量。这些数据是通过自我管理问卷收集的。BN模型是使用Dempster-Shafer理论创建的。采用期望最大化算法确定条件概率表。信念更新被用来确定对情境意识影响最大的变量。根据BN模型的性能评估标准,模型性能可以接受。环境干扰、安全知识和疲劳是情境意识的最佳预测因素。此外,研究发现,减少环境干扰和工作压力,提高安全知识是提高工人情境意识的最佳干预策略。总的来说,我们可以得出结论,BN模型是创建因果模型的有力工具。此外,将信念更新作为BN的独有特征,使管理者能够选择最佳的干预策略。本研究的结果为管理者提高员工在工作场所的安全绩效提供了决策依据,所提出的模型有可能用于员工的安全绩效。
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引用次数: 1
Discomfort: an assessment and a model 不适:一种评估和模型
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2103201
Guy Cohen-Lazry, A. Degani, T. Oron-Gilad, P. Hancock
Abstract Interaction with and dependency on intelligent autonomous systems, may bring about feelings such as discomfort or fear. Users’ willingness to accept new technologies can be hampered by unwanted emotions like discomfort, making the study of the onset of discomfort essential for future technology design and implementation. Interest in discomfort has been growing but agreed-upon definitions or models are still wanted. Here, we present a theoretical model of discomfort predicated upon existing models and definitions. Our model emphasizes internal mental processes that guide the formation of discomfort. Specifically, we specify how environmental stimuli are linked to personal needs and expectations, and how that gap between internal and external factors contributes to discomfort. We conclude with a practical example of how our model can apply to the design of autonomous vehicles.
摘要与智能自主系统的交互和依赖可能会带来不适或恐惧等感觉。用户接受新技术的意愿可能会受到不必要情绪的阻碍,如不适,这使得对不适发作的研究对未来的技术设计和实施至关重要。人们对不适感的兴趣一直在增长,但仍需要达成一致的定义或模型。在这里,我们提出了一个基于现有模型和定义的不适理论模型。我们的模型强调引导不适形成的内在心理过程。具体来说,我们详细说明了环境刺激与个人需求和期望之间的联系,以及内部和外部因素之间的差距如何导致不适。最后,我们以一个实际例子来说明我们的模型如何应用于自动驾驶汽车的设计。
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引用次数: 2
Enhanced ensemble learning for aspect-based sentiment analysis on multiple application oriented datasets 在多个面向应用程序的数据集上增强基于方面的情感分析的集成学习
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2099033
S. Datta, Satyajit Chakrabarti
Abstract The main goal of this article is to develop and propose a novel ABSA method using enhanced ensemble learning (EEL) with optimal feature selection. Initially, the data from multiple applications is gathered and subjected to the preprocessing by ‘stop word removal and punctuation removal, lower case conversion and stemming’. Then, the aspect extraction is done by separating ‘noun and adjective and verb and adverb combination’. From this, the ‘Vader sentiment intensity analyzer’ is used to capture the weighted polarity feature, and then, the word2vector and ‘term frequency-inverse document frequency’ are extracted as features. The optimal feature selection using best and worst fitness-based galactic swarm optimization (BWF-GSO) is used for selecting the most significant features. With these features, ensemble learning with different classifiers like ‘recurrent neural network, support vector machine and deep belief network’ performs for handling the sentiment analysis with parameter optimization. The suggested models are helpful and generate better than the existing outcomes, according to experimental data. Through the performance analysis, the accuracy of BWF-GSO-EEL was 1.16%, 1.58%, 2.01% and 1.37% better than FF-MVO-EEL, FF-EEL, MVO-EEL and PSO-EEL, respectively. Thus, the promising performance has been observed while comparing with other algorithms.
摘要本文的主要目标是开发并提出一种新的ABSA方法,该方法使用具有最佳特征选择的增强集成学习(EEL)。最初,收集来自多个应用程序的数据,并通过“停止单词删除和标点符号删除、小写转换和词干”进行预处理。然后,通过分离名词和形容词以及动词和副词的组合来进行方位提取。由此,使用“维德情绪强度分析器”来捕捉加权极性特征,然后提取单词2向量和“术语频率逆文档频率”作为特征。使用基于最佳和最差适应度的星系群优化(BWF-GSO)的最优特征选择用于选择最显著的特征。有了这些特征,使用“递归神经网络、支持向量机和深度信念网络”等不同分类器的集成学习可以通过参数优化来处理情绪分析。根据实验数据,所提出的模型是有帮助的,并且产生了比现有结果更好的结果。通过性能分析,BWF-GSO-EEL的准确度分别比FF-MVO-EEL、FF-EEL、MVO-EEL和PSO-EEL高1.16%、1.58%、2.01%和1.37%。因此,在与其他算法进行比较时,观察到了有希望的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Participatory ergonomics approaches to design and intervention in workspaces: a literature review 工作空间设计和干预的参与式人体工程学方法:文献综述
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2095457
Vitor Rodrigues, Raoni Rocha
Abstract Participatory ergonomics relies on the involvement of people to constitute or improve their work environments. The present study aims to answer through a literature review how ergonomic interventions are performed in these environments. The research focussed on workspace design and processes related to participative ergonomics. The search in Scopus was performed for the period 2016 to 2020. From 200 articles, 28 were tabulated for content analysis encompassing the themes of ergonomic approach modes, use of intermediate objects and technological solutions adopted. The majority of the studies found were inserted in hospital, office and maritime/port environments. The results show that ergonomics approaches face diverse challenges: financial and time constraints, power asymmetries, experience levels, social, cultural and individual issues. Nevertheless, it sets out to develop skills, activities, competencies, and to organise these in a global and structured way. Further studies in a wide diversity of databases are needed to follow up the analysis of such approaches and conceptions of work activity. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY This study conducted a review of the literature on ergonomic approaches in a variety of workspaces, whether they are being transformed or designed. Attention was sought for commonalities of approaches that resulted in the topics regarding intermediate objects and the technological impact on recent ergonomic interventions. The main finding denotes a greater need to consolidate virtual and physical tools and methods and to investigate an intervention framework that is applicable to most interventions, in addition to responding to the major challenges pointed out by the articles.
参与式人机工程学依靠人们的参与来构建或改善他们的工作环境。本研究旨在通过文献综述来回答如何在这些环境中进行人体工程学干预。研究的重点是与参与式人体工程学相关的工作空间设计和流程。在Scopus中搜索的时间为2016年至2020年。从200篇文章中,有28篇被制成表格,用于内容分析,包括人体工程学方法模式、中间对象的使用和采用的技术解决方案的主题。发现的大多数研究都是在医院、办公室和海事/港口环境中进行的。结果表明,人体工程学方法面临着各种各样的挑战:资金和时间限制、权力不对称、经验水平、社会、文化和个人问题。然而,它的目的是发展技能、活动和能力,并以全球和结构化的方式组织这些活动。需要对各种各样的数据基进行进一步的研究,以便对这种方法和工作活动的概念进行后续分析。本研究对各种工作空间中人体工程学方法的文献进行了回顾,无论它们是被改造还是被设计。会议力求注意导致中间物体和对最近人体工程学干预的技术影响的主题的方法的共性。主要发现表明,除了应对文章指出的主要挑战外,更需要巩固虚拟和物理工具和方法,并调查适用于大多数干预措施的干预框架。
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引用次数: 2
Identifying and understanding individual differences in frustration with technology 识别和理解对技术的挫折的个体差异
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2095458
Nina R. Ferreri, C. Mayhorn
Abstract Individual differences in user responses to malfunctions with technology are of primary interest, as this influences how a product can be improved and has not been examined extensively. Previously, individual differences in responses to technology failures have been examined in self-reported studies, but not in an experimental design. The current study expanded the findings from previous research with a mixed factorial design. Seventy-two (N = 72) undergraduate students were recruited to participate in this online study. They were asked to complete a shopping task and complete a survey about their experience. To examine individual differences in responses to technology failures, several repeated measures ANOVAs, multiple regressions, and hierarchical regressions were conducted to assess the effects of expectation and malfunction on frustration and performance. Results revealed individuals with a greater tendency to be neurotic or extraverted also tended to be more frustrated by a technology malfunction. Additionally, openness was the strongest predictor of less frustration with technology failures, while extraversion was the strongest predictor of more frustration with technology failures.
摘要用户对技术故障反应的个体差异是最重要的,因为这会影响产品的改进方式,并且尚未得到广泛的研究。以前,在自我报告的研究中已经检查了个人对技术故障反应的差异,但在实验设计中没有。目前的研究采用混合因子设计扩展了先前研究的结果。七十二(N = 72)名本科生被招募来参与这项在线研究。他们被要求完成一项购物任务,并完成一项关于他们经历的调查。为了检验对技术故障反应的个体差异,进行了几个重复测量ANOVA、多元回归和层次回归,以评估期望和故障对挫折感和表现的影响。结果显示,更容易神经质或外向的人也更容易对技术故障感到沮丧。此外,开放性是减少对技术失败的沮丧情绪的最强预测因子,而外向性是增加对技术失败沮丧情绪的最有力预测因子。
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引用次数: 1
Prediction of operators cognitive degradation and impairment using hybrid fuzzy modelling 基于混合模糊模型的操作员认知退化和损伤预测
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2086645
Nikolay Alekseevich Korenevskiy, R. Al-kasasbeh, Fawaz Shawawreh, T. Ahram, S. Rodionova, Mahdi Salman, S. Filist, Manafaddin Namazov, A. Shaqadan, Maksim Ilyash
Abstract Prediction of cognitive dysfunctions in operators of human–machine systems is a complex process. The cognitive functions of attention and memory are negatively impacted in machine operation workers. Obtaining an accurate prediction of cognitive dysfunctions provides added value to better design machines and improve operator health. This research demonstrates a prediction model utilising hybrid fuzzy decision rules. The models use health indicators that measure energy imbalance of biologically active points, levels of psycho-emotional stress, fatigue and functional reserve (FR). We assess properties of attention as concentration, volume, selectivity, switchability, distribution and stability in operators of information-rich human–machine systems. Expert confidence in the obtained mathematical models exceeds the value of 0.85. The prediction quality was tested on representative control samples for the most vulnerable property of concentration of attention (CA) for this profession, and it was shown that such indicators of decision-making quality as diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, diagnostic efficiency, predictive significance of positive and negative results exceed 0.85. The developed model proved useful for various applications in modern psychology, and psychophysiology assessment.
摘要预测人机系统操作员的认知功能障碍是一个复杂的过程。机器操作工人的注意力和记忆的认知功能受到负面影响。获得认知功能障碍的准确预测为更好地设计机器和改善操作员健康提供了附加值。本研究展示了一个利用混合模糊决策规则的预测模型。这些模型使用健康指标来衡量生物活性点的能量失衡、心理-情绪压力、疲劳和功能储备(FR)水平。我们评估了信息丰富的人机系统操作员的注意力特性,如集中度、体积、选择性、可切换性、分布和稳定性。专家对所获得的数学模型的置信度超过0.85。在具有代表性的对照样本上测试了该专业最脆弱的注意力集中度(CA)的预测质量,结果表明,诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、诊断效率、阳性和阴性结果的预测显著性等决策质量指标超过0.85。所开发的模型被证明可用于现代心理学和心理生理学评估的各种应用。
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引用次数: 1
Overcoming COVID-19 pandemic: emerging challenges of human factors and the role of cognitive ergonomics 克服COVID-19大流行:人为因素的新挑战和认知人体工程学的作用
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2090027
R. Kazemi, Andrew Smith
Abstract The present study, an expert review, aimed to discuss the emerging challenges of overcoming COVID-19 from the perspective of human factors and the importance of cognitive ergonomics in helping to cope with the epidemic. Identifying these challenges and the use of cognitive ergonomics to optimize human well-being and system performance can be effective in managing COVID-19. Generally, two main preventive approaches such as social distancing and patient care or treatment approaches are being utilized in response to COVID-19. In this paper, human factors challenges that could emerge from covid-19 preventive approaches were discussed. Social distancing forces presence and increases automated systems that lead to increases in cognitive needs, mental workload, stress, etc. Challenges of treatment and health care include the increased workload of healthcare personnel, stress, changing work systems and task allocation that led to fatigue and stress, threats to patient safety, and disruption of interpersonal interactions from a cognitive ergonomic perspective. It is concluded that the challenges of coping with COVID-19 were numerous and important from the perspective of human factors and the role of cognitive ergonomics is important in controlling the disease; hence, it should be taken into consideration.
摘要本研究旨在从人为因素的角度探讨新冠肺炎疫情防控面临的新挑战,以及认知工效学在帮助应对疫情中的重要性。识别这些挑战并利用认知人体工程学优化人类福祉和系统性能,可有效管理COVID-19。一般来说,为应对COVID-19,正在采用两种主要预防方法,如保持社交距离和患者护理或治疗方法。本文讨论了covid-19预防方法可能出现的人为因素挑战。社会距离迫使存在并增加自动化系统,导致认知需求、精神工作量和压力等增加。治疗和卫生保健的挑战包括卫生保健人员工作量的增加、压力、导致疲劳和压力的工作系统和任务分配的变化、对患者安全的威胁以及从认知人体工程学的角度来看人际互动的中断。结论:从人因的角度来看,应对新冠肺炎的挑战众多且重要,认知工效学在控制疾病中发挥重要作用;因此,应该考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 1
Human-agent teaming and trust calibration: a theoretical framework, configurable testbed, empirical illustration, and implications for the development of adaptive systems 人工智能体团队和信任校准:理论框架、可配置的试验台、经验说明以及对自适应系统开发的启示
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2086644
P. Bobko, Leanne M. Hirshfield, Lucca Eloy, Cara A. Spencer, Emily Doherty, Jack Driscoll, Hannah Obolsky
Abstract Given new technologies and algorithmic capabilities, human-agent teaming (HAT) is expected to dominate environments where complex problems are solved by heterogenous teams. In such teams, trust calibration is key; i.e. humans and agents working symbiotically, with humans trusting and relying on agents as appropriate. In this paper, we focus on understanding trust-calibration in HATs. We propose a theoretical framework of calibrated trust in HATs. Next, we provide a configurable testbed designed to investigate calibrated trust in HATs. To demonstrate the flexible testbed and our framework, we conduct a study investigating hypotheses about agent transparency and reliability. Results align with research to date, supporting the notion that transparency results in calibrated trust. Further, high transparency yielded more positive affect and lower workload than low transparency. We also found that increased agent reliability resulted in higher trust in the agent, as well as more positive valence. This suggests that participants experienced more engagement with the task when the agent was reliable and presumably trustworthy. We also build on our framework and testbed to outline a research agenda for the assessment of human trust dynamics in HATs and the development of subsequent real-time, intelligent adaptive systems.
摘要在给定新技术和算法能力的情况下,人工智能体团队(HAT)有望主导由异构团队解决复杂问题的环境。在这样的团队中,信任校准是关键;即人类和制剂共生工作,人类适当地信任和依赖制剂。在本文中,我们重点了解HAT中的信任校准。我们提出了一个HAT中校准信任的理论框架。接下来,我们提供了一个可配置的测试平台,用于研究HAT中经过校准的信任。为了证明灵活的测试平台和我们的框架,我们进行了一项研究,调查了关于代理透明度和可靠性的假设。研究结果与迄今为止的研究一致,支持透明度导致校准信任的观点。此外,与低透明度相比,高透明度产生了更积极的影响和更低的工作量。我们还发现,代理可靠性的提高导致了对代理的更高信任,以及更高的正价。这表明,当代理人可靠且可能值得信赖时,参与者对任务的参与度会更高。我们还以我们的框架和试验台为基础,概述了评估HAT中人类信任动态以及开发后续实时智能自适应系统的研究议程。
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引用次数: 6
Manuscript title: limited suitability for single item work ability to replace work ability index: a Brazilian cross-sectional study 手稿标题:用单项工作能力代替工作能力指数的有限适用性:一项巴西横断面研究
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2090026
Adrielle Moraes Cazotti, T. Sato, R. S. Padula, C. Moriguchi
Abstract The Work Ability Index (WAI) evaluates how workers are at present and in the near future with respect to work demands, health, and mental resources. Since this questionnaire is time consuming, a single-item question (work ability score - WAS) has been used to replace the WAI. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the work ability index (WAI) and WAS, adjusted by age, sex and occupation. Workers (N = 379) from different economic sectors answered a questionnaire addressing demographic information and the WAI. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and partial correlations. Moderate correlations were found between the WAI and WAS (rs=0,49). Stronger correlations were found between the WAI and other WAI Dimensions: Diagnosed Diseases, Work Demands and Work Loss (rs>0.60). The partial correlation results showed that the correlation between the WAI and WAS increased when adjusted by sex, age and occupation (r = 0.60), but remained lower than other coefficients. Therefore, we cannot recommend the use of WAS instead of the WAI for Brazilian workers according to the correlation found.
工作能力指数(WAI)评估工人在当前和近期的工作需求、健康和精神资源方面的状况。由于此问卷耗时长,故采用单项问题(工作能力评分- WAS)代替WAI。本研究的目的是探讨工作能力指数(WAI)与was在年龄、性别和职业调整后的相关性。来自不同经济部门的工人(N = 379)回答了一份关于人口统计信息和WAI的问卷。采用描述性统计、Spearman秩相关系数和偏相关系数对数据进行分析。WAI与WAS之间存在中度相关性(rs=0,49)。WAI与其他WAI维度:诊断疾病、工作需求和工作损失之间存在较强的相关性(r = 0.60)。偏相关结果显示,经性别、年龄和职业调整后,WAI与WAS的相关性增加(r = 0.60),但仍低于其他系数。因此,根据发现的相关性,我们不能推荐使用WAS代替巴西工人的WAI。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a tool for the comprehensive risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders (CRAMUD) among employees of a steel industry 钢铁行业员工肌肉骨骼疾病(CRAMUD)综合风险评估工具的开发和验证
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2022.2086643
Saeid Yazdanirad, G. Pourtaghi, M. Raei, M. Ghasemi
Abstract This study aimed to develop and validate a tool for the comprehensive risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders (CRAMUD). In this cross-sectional study, 300 male workers participated. Data related to personal, psychosocial and physical items and musculoskeletal symptoms were gathered by a designed questionnaire and Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ), respectively. Then, the effect coefficients of the items were computed for developing the CRAMUD equation. The total score of the CRAMUD tool was classified by receiver operator curves (ROCs), and it was validated by linear regression analysis. The values of the content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) of the CRAMUD questionnaire with 38 items were calculated as 0.773, 0.934 and 0.940, respectively. The personal, psychosocial and physical items with the coefficients of 0.265, 0.175 and 0.478 had significant effects on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms, respectively. The equation of the novel tool was written by these coefficients. The CRAMUD score was grouped into four levels by optimal cut-off points of 8.51, 11.03 and 15.31. This tool could predict 75% of variations of musculoskeletal symptoms. This tool can be exploited to accurately estimate the risk level of musculoskeletal symptoms in various jobs.
本研究旨在开发和验证一种用于肌肉骨骼疾病(CRAMUD)综合风险评估的工具。在这项横断面研究中,有300名男性工人参与。通过设计问卷和康奈尔肌肉骨骼不适问卷(CMDQ)收集与个人、社会心理和身体项目以及肌肉骨骼症状相关的数据。然后,计算各项目的影响系数,建立CRAMUD方程。采用接收算子曲线(roc)对CRAMUD工具的总分进行分类,并进行线性回归分析。计算38项CRAMUD问卷的内容效度比(CVR)、内容效度指数(CVI)和Cronbach’s系数α (α)分别为0.773、0.934和0.940。个人、社会心理和身体项目对肌肉骨骼症状的发生影响显著,其系数分别为0.265、0.175和0.478。新型刀具的方程由这些系数组成。CRAMUD评分按最佳截止点8.51、11.03和15.31分为4个等级。这个工具可以预测75%的肌肉骨骼症状的变化。该工具可用于准确估计各种工作中肌肉骨骼症状的风险水平。
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引用次数: 0
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Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science
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