In article number e09204, Chao Sui and co-workers fabricated flexible ceramic nanofibers through a solution-spinning in-situ deposition process, self-assembling into lamellar ceramic sponges with compressibility and bendability. Serving as a thermal insulation material, these sponges demonstrate exceptional temperature-invariant superelasticity and thermal stability across a wide temperature range from cryogenic to extremely high temperatures, providing a reliable thermal insulation solution for demanding applications in extreme environments.
{"title":"Ultralight, Elasto-Flexible, and High-Temperature Resistant Ceramic Nanofiber Sponges for Thermal Superinsulation (Small 4/2026)","authors":"Lei Wen, Yingchun Zhou, Yushun Zhao, Zifu Zang, Chenxi Zhao, Junjiao Li, Shaodong Sun, Renjie Ding, Chao Wang, Xiaodong He, Chao Sui","doi":"10.1002/smll.72033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.72033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Ceramic Nanofiber Sponges</b></p><p>In article number e09204, Chao Sui and co-workers fabricated flexible ceramic nanofibers through a solution-spinning in-situ deposition process, self-assembling into lamellar ceramic sponges with compressibility and bendability. Serving as a thermal insulation material, these sponges demonstrate exceptional temperature-invariant superelasticity and thermal stability across a wide temperature range from cryogenic to extremely high temperatures, providing a reliable thermal insulation solution for demanding applications in extreme environments.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/smll.72033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-cost, high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are considered pivotal to enabling the industrial-scale production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis. Herein, we report an ultrafast (30 s) room-temperature approach to fabricating a biomimetic NiFeOOH electrocatalyst directly on nickel foam. The resulting material featuring a chloroplast-inspired hierarchical nanosheet architecture and is enriched with oxygen vacancies. This unique design achieves exceptional OER activity, requiring an overpotential of only 260 mV to deliver 100 mA cm−2, alongside remarkable stability for over 100 h. The enhanced mechanism was unraveled through in situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which revealed accelerated reaction kinetics and facilitated structural evolution. Density functional theory calculations further verified that the oxygen vacancies effectively lower the energy barrier of the rate-determining step. This work provides a scalable strategy for integrating bio-inspired morphology and electronic modulation in high-performance catalyst design for efficient water oxidation.
低成本、高性能的析氧反应（OER）催化剂被认为是实现水电解绿色氢工业规模生产的关键。在此，我们报告了一种超快（30秒）的室温方法，直接在镍泡沫上制造仿生NiFeOOH电催化剂。所得到的材料具有叶绿体启发的分层纳米片结构，并富含氧空位。这种独特的设计实现了卓越的OER活性，只需要260 mV的过电位就可以提供100 mA cm - 2，并且在超过100小时的时间内具有出色的稳定性。通过原位拉曼光谱和电化学阻抗光谱揭示了增强的机制，揭示了加速的反应动力学并促进了结构演化。密度泛函理论计算进一步证实，氧空位有效地降低了速率决定步骤的能垒。这项工作提供了一种可扩展的策略，将生物启发形态和电子调制集成到高效水氧化的高性能催化剂设计中。
{"title":"Synergistic Morphological and Electronic Engineering of NiFeOOH via Ultrafast Room Temperature Fabrication for Enhanced OER","authors":"Zexin Liang, Pengfei Liu, Xuge Ma, Xinxin Zhong, Xiaobo Zhang, Jianfei Lei, Shaobo Huang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514164","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost, high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are considered pivotal to enabling the industrial-scale production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis. Herein, we report an ultrafast (30 s) room-temperature approach to fabricating a biomimetic NiFeOOH electrocatalyst directly on nickel foam. The resulting material featuring a chloroplast-inspired hierarchical nanosheet architecture and is enriched with oxygen vacancies. This unique design achieves exceptional OER activity, requiring an overpotential of only 260 mV to deliver 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, alongside remarkable stability for over 100 h. The enhanced mechanism was unraveled through in situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which revealed accelerated reaction kinetics and facilitated structural evolution. Density functional theory calculations further verified that the oxygen vacancies effectively lower the energy barrier of the rate-determining step. This work provides a scalable strategy for integrating bio-inspired morphology and electronic modulation in high-performance catalyst design for efficient water oxidation.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duraisamy Senthil Raja, Pandiyarajan Anand, Yu-Chieh Ting, Shih-Yuan Lu
Zinc–Air Batteries
Synergy between Fe and CoNi alloy, coupled with unique advantages of MOF-derived materials, produces an outstanding bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for air positive electrodes of rechargeable zinc-air batteries, delivering a high peak power density of 308 mW cm−2 and exhibiting excellent cycling stability with a stable operation of up to 600 hours. More in article number e10809, Shih-Yuan Lu and co-workers.
锌-空气电池Fe和CoNi合金之间的协同作用，加上mof衍生材料的独特优势，为可充电锌-空气电池的空气正极提供了出色的双功能氧电催化剂，峰值功率密度高达308 mW cm - 2，并表现出优异的循环稳定性，稳定运行长达600小时。更多文章编号e10809，吕世源及其同事。
{"title":"Iron-Doped CoNi-MOF-Derived Carbon Coated CoNi Alloy Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries (Small 4/2026)","authors":"Duraisamy Senthil Raja, Pandiyarajan Anand, Yu-Chieh Ting, Shih-Yuan Lu","doi":"10.1002/smll.72031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.72031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Zinc–Air Batteries</b></p><p>Synergy between Fe and CoNi alloy, coupled with unique advantages of MOF-derived materials, produces an outstanding bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for air positive electrodes of rechargeable zinc-air batteries, delivering a high peak power density of 308 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> and exhibiting excellent cycling stability with a stable operation of up to 600 hours. More in article number e10809, Shih-Yuan Lu and co-workers.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/smll.72031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangqian Yin, Chaona An, Li-Bin Chen, Mei-Qi Yang, Jing Liu, Xiao-Liu Li, Ke-Rang Wang
Bacterial infections pose a severe global threat, and while antibiotics are the primary clinical treatment, their widespread misuse has led to increasing drug resistance, making the development of alternative therapies an urgent task. Photothermal antibacterial treatment is a promising approach, but the high temperatures required can damage surrounding tissues. Low-temperature photothermal therapy offers a safer solution but often suffers from reduced efficacy. In this study, we designed PMI-NOP, a photothermal agent capable of light-triggered NO release, to achieve effective low-temperature antibacterial treatment against both standard and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that PMI-NOP effectively eliminated clinically isolated drug-resistant P. aeruginosa at 45°C, achieving comparable efficacy to conventional 55°C treatment while significantly reducing inflammation and heat shock response, thereby minimizing thermal damage to surrounding tissue. These findings showed that combining controlled NO release with low-temperature photothermal treatment provides a safer and highly effective alternative to treat bacterial infections.
{"title":"Low-Temperature Photothermal Antibacterial Activity and Wound Healing Promotion Mediated by Controlled Nitric Oxide Release","authors":"Fangqian Yin, Chaona An, Li-Bin Chen, Mei-Qi Yang, Jing Liu, Xiao-Liu Li, Ke-Rang Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202513434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202513434","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections pose a severe global threat, and while antibiotics are the primary clinical treatment, their widespread misuse has led to increasing drug resistance, making the development of alternative therapies an urgent task. Photothermal antibacterial treatment is a promising approach, but the high temperatures required can damage surrounding tissues. Low-temperature photothermal therapy offers a safer solution but often suffers from reduced efficacy. In this study, we designed <b>PMI-NOP</b>, a photothermal agent capable of light-triggered NO release, to achieve effective low-temperature antibacterial treatment against both standard and multidrug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that <b>PMI-NOP</b> effectively eliminated clinically isolated drug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> at 45°C, achieving comparable efficacy to conventional 55°C treatment while significantly reducing inflammation and heat shock response, thereby minimizing thermal damage to surrounding tissue. These findings showed that combining controlled NO release with low-temperature photothermal treatment provides a safer and highly effective alternative to treat bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tunnel-type cobalt vanadate dihydrate (Co(VO3)2·2H2O, CoVO) is first demonstrated as a robust cathode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries. The orthorhombic framework, built from CoO6 octahedra and VO4 tetrahedra, incorporates two structural water molecules directly coordinated to Co2+. These structural waters serve critical functions: 1) forming hydrogen-bond networks that buffer local strain, 2) shielding electrostatic repulsion between Zn2+ and the polyanionic framework, and 3) creating secondary diffusion channels that accelerate H+/Zn2+ transport. Owing to this cooperative effect, CoVO delivers 83.6 mAh/g at 0.5C and retains 90.6% capacity after 1000 cycles at 3C. Ex situ XRD and Rietveld refinements confirm a topotactic, zero-strain intercalation mechanism (ΔV = 0.17%) without bulk decomposition, while bond valence sum analysis reveals dual-ion pathways with low migration barriers. The synergy between tunnel topology and structural water coordination underpins the exceptional rate capability, minimal impedance growth, and long-term stability, establishing a general design strategy for advanced multivalent-ion battery cathodes.
{"title":"Structurally Coordinated Water Enhances Structural Stability of Tunnel-Type Co(VO3)2·2H2O Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries","authors":"Hyeonjun Lee, Sangki Lee, Jangwook Pyun, Seunghyeop Baek, Doron Aurbach, Munseok S. Chae","doi":"10.1002/smll.202513318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202513318","url":null,"abstract":"Tunnel-type cobalt vanadate dihydrate (Co(VO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O, CoVO) is first demonstrated as a robust cathode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries. The orthorhombic framework, built from CoO<sub>6</sub> octahedra and VO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra, incorporates two structural water molecules directly coordinated to Co<sup>2+</sup>. These structural waters serve critical functions: 1) forming hydrogen-bond networks that buffer local strain, 2) shielding electrostatic repulsion between Zn<sup>2+</sup> and the polyanionic framework, and 3) creating secondary diffusion channels that accelerate H<sup>+</sup>/Zn<sup>2+</sup> transport. Owing to this cooperative effect, CoVO delivers 83.6 mAh/g at 0.5C and retains 90.6% capacity after 1000 cycles at 3C. Ex situ XRD and Rietveld refinements confirm a topotactic, zero-strain intercalation mechanism (ΔV = 0.17%) without bulk decomposition, while bond valence sum analysis reveals dual-ion pathways with low migration barriers. The synergy between tunnel topology and structural water coordination underpins the exceptional rate capability, minimal impedance growth, and long-term stability, establishing a general design strategy for advanced multivalent-ion battery cathodes.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohui Tang, Jun Li, Shuai Zheng, Jinyao Wu, Yi Zhong, Wei Wu, Bolin Ji, Hong Xu, Zhiping Mao, Linping Zhang
Materials capable of simultaneously modulating infrared (IR) signal, shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI), and enabling active thermal management are critical for advanced aerospace and electronic applications. Here, we report a multifunctional composite by integrating the intrinsically conductive polymer poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO) with a polyimide (PI) film, a humidity-adaptive nanoporous polyethylene (HANPE) layer, and a silica aerogel (SA) substrate. This rationally designed multilayer architecture HANPE/PBFDO@PI/SA (HPPS) enables a suite of synergistic functionalities. The core PBFDO@PI layer provides a foundation of high electrical conductivity (1732.1 S/cm) and low intrinsic IR emissivity (0.19 ± 0.02). Leveraging this, the HPPS composite achieves dynamic, passive IR camouflage through a wide tunable emissivity range (0.17–0.60), successfully reducing a 50°C target's apparent temperature by 19.6°C. It also delivers excellent EMI shielding of 43.85 dB for robust electronic protection. Moreover, its superior electrothermal performance enables active control of radiation temperature from 28.9°C to 108°C at low voltages (0–4 V), facilitating on-demand thermal camouflage and rapid de-icing. This work presents a versatile design strategy for creating intelligent adaptive materials with integrated passive and active functionalities.
{"title":"A PBFDO-Based Protective Material with Tunable Infrared Emissivity Integrating Thermal Management and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding","authors":"Xiaohui Tang, Jun Li, Shuai Zheng, Jinyao Wu, Yi Zhong, Wei Wu, Bolin Ji, Hong Xu, Zhiping Mao, Linping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514007","url":null,"abstract":"Materials capable of simultaneously modulating infrared (IR) signal, shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI), and enabling active thermal management are critical for advanced aerospace and electronic applications. Here, we report a multifunctional composite by integrating the intrinsically conductive polymer poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO) with a polyimide (PI) film, a humidity-adaptive nanoporous polyethylene (HANPE) layer, and a silica aerogel (SA) substrate. This rationally designed multilayer architecture HANPE/PBFDO@PI/SA (HPPS) enables a suite of synergistic functionalities. The core PBFDO@PI layer provides a foundation of high electrical conductivity (1732.1 S/cm) and low intrinsic IR emissivity (0.19 ± 0.02). Leveraging this, the HPPS composite achieves dynamic, passive IR camouflage through a wide tunable emissivity range (0.17–0.60), successfully reducing a 50°C target's apparent temperature by 19.6°C. It also delivers excellent EMI shielding of 43.85 dB for robust electronic protection. Moreover, its superior electrothermal performance enables active control of radiation temperature from 28.9°C to 108°C at low voltages (0–4 V), facilitating on-demand thermal camouflage and rapid de-icing. This work presents a versatile design strategy for creating intelligent adaptive materials with integrated passive and active functionalities.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai-Qi Jin, Qi-Yu Long, Jun-Lin Liu, Tian-Cai Sun, Kai-Kai Sheng, Yi Zhao, Wen-Ting Fan, Guo-You Huang, Wei-Hua Huang, Yan-Ling Liu
Acupuncture exerts its therapeutic effects through complex mechanical cues, including compressive forces from needle insertion and retention, and tensile stresses from extracellular matrix deformation during needle twisting. How these biomechanical stimuli regulate mast cell function at the molecular level remains poorly understood due to the lack of tools capable of replicating such multifaceted forces. Here, we report a magneto-responsive biosensor that enables multimodal simulation of stretching, compression, and combined loading in both static and cyclic modes. This allows for closely recapitulating the mechanical environment of mast cells during acupuncture, while simultaneously monitoring mechanically evoked cellular serotonin (5HT) release in real time. Using this sensor, we demonstrate that cyclic combined stimulation significantly amplifies cell responses by promoting both 5-HT release and intracellular biosynthesis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments at acupoints confirmed the “release-replenishment” phenomenon observed in vitro. Collectively, this study provides mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of acupuncture therapy and establishes a versatile tool for probing mechanobiological regulation in living systems.
{"title":"Acupuncture Mechanics, Stimulation, and Cellular Serotonin Detection by a Magneto-Responsive Nanomesh Sensor","authors":"Kai-Qi Jin, Qi-Yu Long, Jun-Lin Liu, Tian-Cai Sun, Kai-Kai Sheng, Yi Zhao, Wen-Ting Fan, Guo-You Huang, Wei-Hua Huang, Yan-Ling Liu","doi":"10.1002/smll.202511914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202511914","url":null,"abstract":"Acupuncture exerts its therapeutic effects through complex mechanical cues, including compressive forces from needle insertion and retention, and tensile stresses from extracellular matrix deformation during needle twisting. How these biomechanical stimuli regulate mast cell function at the molecular level remains poorly understood due to the lack of tools capable of replicating such multifaceted forces. Here, we report a magneto-responsive biosensor that enables multimodal simulation of stretching, compression, and combined loading in both static and cyclic modes. This allows for closely recapitulating the mechanical environment of mast cells during acupuncture, while simultaneously monitoring mechanically evoked cellular serotonin (5HT) release in real time. Using this sensor, we demonstrate that cyclic combined stimulation significantly amplifies cell responses by promoting both 5-HT release and intracellular biosynthesis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments at acupoints confirmed the “release-replenishment” phenomenon observed in vitro. Collectively, this study provides mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of acupuncture therapy and establishes a versatile tool for probing mechanobiological regulation in living systems.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 1D sub-1 nm nanowires (SNWs) usually possess a highly promising avenue in catalysis and energy storage fields owing to their high aspect ratios facilitating charge transport, and near 100% surface atomic exposure offering abundant active sites. However, current research is mainly focused on metal oxide SNWs, whereas the synthesis of sulfide SNWs has been rarely reported. Herein, a new kind of Bi2S3-phosphomolybdic acid (Bi2S3-PMA) SNWs induced by polyoxometalate clusters has been successfully prepared. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates that PMA and Bi2S3 co-assemble into stable 1D SNWs via non-covalent interactions. Benefiting from the unique sub-1 nm structure and the synergetic effects of Bi2S3 and PMA, the SNWs exhibit enhanced light absorption ability, well-matched energy band structure, and efficient separation/transfer capability of photo-generated carriers. As the cathode catalyst in light-assisted Li-CO2 batteries (LCBs), the Bi2S3-PMA-based LCBs deliver a low overpotential of 0.22 V, superior cycling stability for 300 h at 0.01 mA cm−2 and 150 h at 0.05 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, the battery also realizes an exceptionally long-term lifetime of 4000 h under no light. Density functional theory calculations disclose that the presence of electron-rich PMA promotes the adsorption of LiCO2 and Li2CO3 on SNWs, which further boosts battery efficiency.
一维亚1nm纳米线（SNWs）由于其高宽高比易于电荷传输和接近100%的表面原子暴露提供丰富的活性位点，在催化和储能领域具有非常有前途的应用前景。然而，目前的研究主要集中在金属氧化物SNWs上，而硫化物SNWs的合成鲜有报道。本文成功制备了一种由多金属氧酸簇诱导的新型bi2s3 -磷钼酸（Bi2S3-PMA） SNWs。分子动力学模拟表明，PMA和Bi2S3通过非共价相互作用共同组装成稳定的1D SNWs。得益于独特的亚1nm结构以及Bi2S3和PMA的协同作用，SNWs具有增强的光吸收能力、良好匹配的能带结构和光生成载流子的高效分离/转移能力。作为光辅助锂-二氧化碳电池（lcb）的阴极催化剂，基于bi2s3 - pma的lcb具有0.22 V的低过电位，在0.01 mA cm - 2下可循环300小时，在0.05 mA cm - 2下可循环150小时。同时，电池也实现了超长的无光使用寿命4000小时。密度泛函理论计算表明，富电子PMA的存在促进了LiCO2和Li2CO3在SNWs上的吸附，从而进一步提高了电池效率。
{"title":"Polyoxometalate Induced Bismuth Sulfide Sub-1 nm Nanowires as Efficient Photocathodes in Li-CO2 Batteries","authors":"Guobao Yuan, Wenxiong Shi, Ziang Shang, Wenxing Chen, Zhiyi Sun, Junli Liu, Yu Zhang, Xun Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514807","url":null,"abstract":"The 1D sub-1 nm nanowires (SNWs) usually possess a highly promising avenue in catalysis and energy storage fields owing to their high aspect ratios facilitating charge transport, and near 100% surface atomic exposure offering abundant active sites. However, current research is mainly focused on metal oxide SNWs, whereas the synthesis of sulfide SNWs has been rarely reported. Herein, a new kind of Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-phosphomolybdic acid (Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-PMA) SNWs induced by polyoxometalate clusters has been successfully prepared. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates that PMA and Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> co-assemble into stable 1D SNWs via non-covalent interactions. Benefiting from the unique sub-1 nm structure and the synergetic effects of Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and PMA, the SNWs exhibit enhanced light absorption ability, well-matched energy band structure, and efficient separation/transfer capability of photo-generated carriers. As the cathode catalyst in light-assisted Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries (LCBs), the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-PMA-based LCBs deliver a low overpotential of 0.22 V, superior cycling stability for 300 h at 0.01 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 150 h at 0.05 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Meanwhile, the battery also realizes an exceptionally long-term lifetime of 4000 h under no light. Density functional theory calculations disclose that the presence of electron-rich PMA promotes the adsorption of LiCO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> on SNWs, which further boosts battery efficiency.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinxin Xing, Kai Qi, Wenjing Zhang, Peixun Li, Wenxi Zhang, Ruoxuan lyu, Yang Luo, Xinjian Liu, Zhonghao Rao
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), well known for their inherent safety, resource abundance, and low cost, hold broad application prospects in the energy storage field. However, issues such as zinc dendrite growth, severe hydrogen evolution reactions, and corrosion by-products impede their extensive application and commercialization. Herein, we propose a “dual regulation” electrolyte strategy employing a green co-solvent and a low-cost additive to construct a stable zinc anode. Specifically, 1,2-propanediol (PG) is introduced as a co-solvent to reconstruct the Zn2+ solvation structure. It could effectively break the original hydrogen-bond network of water molecules, thereby fundamentally suppressing hydrogen evolution and enhancing the anti-freezing performance of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the addition of D-sorbitol (DS) as an additive induces the preferential deposition of Zn2+ on the (002) crystal plane, which improves the interfacial stability of the zinc electrode. As a result, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell demonstrates exceptional 3300 h long-term cycling stability, and the Zn//Cu half cell exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.74% over 1400 cycles. Notably, even at −20°C and under a current density of 1 A g−1, the capacity retention rate of Zn//PANI full cell achieved 81.5% after 1500 cycles. This study presents a “two-pronged” strategy, providing a promising approach for designing water-based high-performance electrolytes and advancing the development of safe, low-cost, and durable AZIBs.
水溶液锌离子电池（AZIBs）以其固有的安全性、资源丰富性和低成本而著称，在储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，锌枝晶生长、严重的析氢反应和腐蚀副产物等问题阻碍了它们的广泛应用和商业化。在此，我们提出了一种“双调节”电解质策略，采用绿色助溶剂和低成本添加剂来构建稳定的锌阳极。具体地说，引入1,2-丙二醇（PG）作为助溶剂来重建Zn2+的溶剂化结构。它可以有效地破坏水分子原有的氢键网络，从而从根本上抑制析氢，增强电解质的防冻性能。此外，添加d -山梨醇（DS）可诱导Zn2+在（002）晶面上优先沉积，提高了锌电极的界面稳定性。结果表明，Zn//Zn对称电池具有优异的3300 h长期循环稳定性，Zn//Cu半电池在1400次循环中具有99.74%的高库仑效率。值得注意的是，即使在−20°C和电流密度为1 a g−1的条件下，经过1500次循环后，Zn//PANI全电池的容量保持率也达到81.5%。这项研究提出了一种“双管齐下”的策略，为设计高性能水基电解质和推进安全、低成本和耐用的azib的开发提供了一种有前途的方法。
{"title":"Dendrite-Free Zn Anodes via Synergistic Cosolvent-Mediated Solvation Regulation and Polyhydroxy-Induced Interface Stabilization","authors":"Xinxin Xing, Kai Qi, Wenjing Zhang, Peixun Li, Wenxi Zhang, Ruoxuan lyu, Yang Luo, Xinjian Liu, Zhonghao Rao","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514131","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), well known for their inherent safety, resource abundance, and low cost, hold broad application prospects in the energy storage field. However, issues such as zinc dendrite growth, severe hydrogen evolution reactions, and corrosion by-products impede their extensive application and commercialization. Herein, we propose a “dual regulation” electrolyte strategy employing a green co-solvent and a low-cost additive to construct a stable zinc anode. Specifically, 1,2-propanediol (PG) is introduced as a co-solvent to reconstruct the Zn<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> solvation structure. It could effectively break the original hydrogen-bond network of water molecules, thereby fundamentally suppressing hydrogen evolution and enhancing the anti-freezing performance of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the addition of D-sorbitol (DS) as an additive induces the preferential deposition of Zn<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> on the (002) crystal plane, which improves the interfacial stability of the zinc electrode. As a result, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell demonstrates exceptional 3300 h long-term cycling stability, and the Zn//Cu half cell exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.74% over 1400 cycles. Notably, even at −20°C and under a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, the capacity retention rate of Zn//PANI full cell achieved 81.5% after 1500 cycles. This study presents a “two-pronged” strategy, providing a promising approach for designing water-based high-performance electrolytes and advancing the development of safe, low-cost, and durable AZIBs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeanie Pearl Dizon Suba, Eunbin Lim, Jaegu Cho, Jin-Heong Yim, Seung-Hyeok Kim, Kuk Young Cho
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next-generation rechargeable batteries owing to their exceptional energy densities, especially when paired with layered Ni-based oxide cathodes. However, the practical realization of LMBs is limited by two asymmetrical degradation pathways at both electrodes: dendritic growth and side reactions at the anode, which pose safety hazards, and transition metal (TM) dissolution at the cathode, which accelerates capacity loss. Herein, a surface-engineered Janus separator design strategy is proposed that simultaneously suppresses Li dendrite formation and TM dissolution with distinct directionally targeted layers for electrode-specific challenges in LMBs. On the anode-facing side, a 315 nm thin conducting hybrid polypyrrole–silicon oxide network (Ppy–SiO2) layer fabricated by vapor-phase printing enables uniform Li+ flux and dendrite suppression while simultaneously providing enhanced thermal and mechanical stability. The cathode-facing layer, composed of ion-capturing inorganic particles of polydopamine-coated boehmite (PDA@BM), acts as a selective barrier, mitigating TM ion migration by over 96%. These dual functionalities yield superior interfacial stability and long-term cycling performance. The Janus separator design and fabrication strategy enables compositionally distinct, directionally targeted layers to deliver synergistic regulation for anode- and cathode-driven asymmetric failure mechanisms for the practical realization of high-performance LMBs.
{"title":"Electrode-Specific Janus Separator Towards High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries","authors":"Jeanie Pearl Dizon Suba, Eunbin Lim, Jaegu Cho, Jin-Heong Yim, Seung-Hyeok Kim, Kuk Young Cho","doi":"10.1002/smll.202513725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202513725","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next-generation rechargeable batteries owing to their exceptional energy densities, especially when paired with layered Ni-based oxide cathodes. However, the practical realization of LMBs is limited by two asymmetrical degradation pathways at both electrodes: dendritic growth and side reactions at the anode, which pose safety hazards, and transition metal (TM) dissolution at the cathode, which accelerates capacity loss. Herein, a surface-engineered Janus separator design strategy is proposed that simultaneously suppresses Li dendrite formation and TM dissolution with distinct directionally targeted layers for electrode-specific challenges in LMBs. On the anode-facing side, a 315 nm thin conducting hybrid polypyrrole–silicon oxide network (Ppy–SiO<sub>2</sub>) layer fabricated by vapor-phase printing enables uniform Li<sup>+</sup> flux and dendrite suppression while simultaneously providing enhanced thermal and mechanical stability. The cathode-facing layer, composed of ion-capturing inorganic particles of polydopamine-coated boehmite (PDA@BM), acts as a selective barrier, mitigating TM ion migration by over 96%. These dual functionalities yield superior interfacial stability and long-term cycling performance. The Janus separator design and fabrication strategy enables compositionally distinct, directionally targeted layers to deliver synergistic regulation for anode- and cathode-driven asymmetric failure mechanisms for the practical realization of high-performance LMBs.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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