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Refractory Metal-Based MXenes: Cutting-Edge Preparation and Applications 难熔金属基 MXenes:尖端制备和应用
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202408331
Ruiyan Sun, Ping Hu, Jin Wang, Fan Yang, Fei Zhu, Hairui Xing, Jiao Luo, Lili Gao, Kuaishe Wang, Zongyou Yin
Refractory metal-based MXenes refer to MXenes with M as a refractory metal. Due to their high conductivity, large specific surface area, multiple active sites, high photothermal conversion efficiency, adjustable surface groups, and controllable nanolayer spacing, they hold broad application prospects in various fields such as photoelectrocatalysis, biomedicine, water treatment, electromagnetic shielding, and sensors. The unique physical properties of refractory metal-based MXenes are related to their electronic and crystal structures. The interstitial layer causes the carbides to exhibit different behavior compared to the original metal. At the same time, different preparation methods have a great influence on the interlayer spacing and surface termination of refractory metal-based MXenes, thus affecting their performance. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress in the preparation methods and frontier applications of refractory metal-based MXenes, offering new insights for further development. Additionally, various characterization techniques and first-principles calculations are summarized, which are crucial for optimizing refractory metal-based MXenes for applications such as catalysis, energy storage, and sensors. In summary, the current challenges and future development prospects of refractory metal-based Mxenes are addressed, aiming to provide indispensable information for the intelligent design of 2D materials in the future.
难熔金属基 MXenes 是指以 M 为难熔金属的 MXenes。由于具有高导电性、比表面积大、活性位点多、光热转换效率高、表面基团可调、纳米层间距可控等特点,它们在光电催化、生物医药、水处理、电磁屏蔽和传感器等多个领域有着广阔的应用前景。难熔金属基 MXenes 的独特物理性质与其电子结构和晶体结构有关。与原始金属相比,间隙层使碳化物表现出不同的行为。同时,不同的制备方法对难熔金属基 MXenes 的层间间隔和表面终止有很大影响,从而影响其性能。本综述系统地总结了难熔金属基 MXenes 的制备方法和前沿应用方面的最新进展,为进一步开发提供了新的见解。此外,还总结了各种表征技术和第一原理计算,这对于优化难熔金属基 MXenes 在催化、储能和传感器等领域的应用至关重要。总之,本文探讨了难熔金属基 MXenes 目前面临的挑战和未来的发展前景,旨在为未来二维材料的智能设计提供不可或缺的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Highly Water-Stable 2D MOF as Dual Sensor for the Ultra-Sensitive Aqueous Phase Detection of Nitrofuran Antibiotics and Organochlorine Pesticides 高水稳定性二维 MOF 作为超灵敏水相检测硝基呋喃类抗生素和有机氯农药的双重传感器
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202409095
Supriya Mondal, Rupam Sahoo, Madhab C. Das
Misuse of antibiotics and pesticides has led to hazardous effects on human health, livestock, agriculture, and aquaculture, which urges researchers to find simple, rapid, efficient, and cost-effective methods for quick on-site analysis of these organic pollutants with functional materials. Herein, a 2D chemically robust MOF: IITKGP-71, {[Cd(MBPz)(2,6-NDC)]·2H2O}n is strategically developed with ease in scalability and exploited as dual sensors toward the toxic antibiotic and pesticide detection via luminescence quenching in aqueous medium. The framework displays exceptional chemical robustness in water for 3 months, in an open atmosphere over 2 months, and wide range of aqueous pH solution (pH = 3–12) for a day. IITKGP-71 can selectively quench the nitrofuran antibiotics (NFZ and NFT) and organochlorine pesticide DCN while remaining unaffected by other interfering antibiotics and pesticides, respectively. An excellent trade-off between high effectivity (high Ksv) and high sensitivity (low LOD) was achieved for the targeted analytes. The easy scalability, high chemical stability, fast responsivity, multi-responsive nature, recyclability with outstanding structural stability made this framework viable in playing a crucial role in safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health from the hazardous effects of antibiotics and pesticides.
抗生素和杀虫剂的滥用已对人类健康、畜牧业、农业和水产养殖业造成危害,这促使研究人员寻找简单、快速、高效和经济的方法,利用功能材料对这些有机污染物进行现场快速分析。本文战略性地开发了一种二维化学稳健型 MOF:IITKGP-71,{[Cd(MBPz)(2,6-NDC)]-2H2O}n,具有易于扩展的特点,并通过水介质中的发光淬灭技术用作有毒抗生素和农药检测的双重传感器。该框架在水中可保持 3 个月的化学稳定性,在开放大气中可保持 2 个月的化学稳定性,在广泛的 pH 值水溶液(pH = 3-12)中可保持一天的化学稳定性。IITKGP-71 可选择性地淬灭硝基呋喃类抗生素(NFZ 和 NFT)和有机氯农药 DCN,而不受其他抗生素和农药的影响。对于目标分析物而言,高效力(高 Ksv)和高灵敏度(低 LOD)之间实现了很好的权衡。该框架具有易扩展、化学稳定性高、响应速度快、多响应性、可回收性和出色的结构稳定性等特点,可在保护水生生态系统和公众健康免受抗生素和杀虫剂危害方面发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Electrochemical Probing of Dopamine Dynamics During Poly(I:C)-Induced Neuroinflammation 多巴胺在聚(I:C)诱导的神经炎症过程中的电化学动态探测
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407685
Jian Wang, Qiang Zhou, Yuchan Zhang, Shuang Zhao, Li Li, Zhongyuan Zeng, Jiajia Chen, Yangmingxu Meng, Xianglong Zhao, Tianqi Wang, Zexuan Meng, Haihan Yuan, Jianhua Ran, Guixue Wang, Chen-zhong Li, Guangchao Zang
Viruses can infiltrate the central nervous system and contribute to depression, which may include alterations in dopamine (DA) metabolism triggered by immune responses though the specific mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, an electrochemical system to realize the real-time dynamic monitoring of DA with high sensitivity is proposed and it is demonstrated that the viral simulator polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) can inhibit the release of DA (from 5.595 to 0.137 µm) in neurons from the perspective of single cells, cell populations and even in vivo through the combination of multiscale electrodes, including single nanowires, carbon fibers (CFs) and 2D flexible electrodes. These findings are associated with the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by microglia. At the molecular level, poly(I:C) significantly decreases the expression of α-synuclein and increases its phosphorylation level, whereas ROS inhibitors can reverse these pathological changes and salvage DA release to half the initial level (≈2.6 µM). These results suggest that viruses may indirectly inhibit DA system function through ROS produced in inflammatory responses and that antioxidant activity may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
病毒可侵入中枢神经系统并导致抑郁症,其中可能包括由免疫反应引发的多巴胺(DA)代谢的改变,但其中涉及的具体机制仍不清楚。本文提出了一种实现高灵敏度多巴胺实时动态监测的电化学系统,并通过单纳米线、碳纤维(CF)和二维柔性电极等多尺度电极的组合,证明病毒模拟物聚肌苷酸(poly(I:C))能从单细胞、细胞群甚至体内的角度抑制神经元中多巴胺的释放(从 5.595 微米到 0.137 微米)。这些发现与小胶质细胞产生的活性氧(ROS)增加有关。在分子水平上,poly(I:C)能显著降低α-突触核蛋白的表达并增加其磷酸化水平,而ROS抑制剂能逆转这些病理变化,并将DA释放量恢复到初始水平的一半(≈2.6 µM)。这些结果表明,病毒可能会通过炎症反应中产生的 ROS 间接抑制 DA 系统的功能,而抗氧化活性可能是一种潜在的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
A Multifunctional MXene/PVA Hydrogel as a Continuous Ionic Thermoelectric Generator and a Strain/Temperature Sensor 用作连续离子热电发生器和应变/温度传感器的多功能 MXene/PVA 水凝胶
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407529
Dezhuang Ji, Baosong Li, Dawei Zhang, Balamurugan Thirumal Raj, Moh'd Rezeq, Wesley Cantwell, Lianxi Zheng
This research reports a continuous output ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) system based on MXene/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) hydrogel, by utilizing thermo-diffusion of Cu2+ and Cl ions and the redox reaction involving Cu/Cu2+ at the electrode interfaces. The thermopower of the i-TE system can be independently tuned to a value of −3.13 mVK−1 by adjusting the ion diffusivity via MXene (Ti3C2Tx). The i-TE system demonstrates a rapid response time of less than 100 s, outperforming any other polyelectrolyte-based system. Crucially, the i-TE system achieves continuous current output when equipped with copper electrodes, facilitated by the redox reaction involving Cu/Cu2+, and maintains stable long-term outputs across a range of resistances from 1 kΩ to 1 MΩ. A three-serial-connected i-TE module demonstrates an output voltage of 26 mV with 6 °C temperature difference, confirming the feasibility of creating an array of i-TE devices for substantial energy output. Beyond energy harvesting, the MXene/PVA hydrogel serves as multifunctional strain/temperature sensors, capable of detecting mechanical strains via the piezoresistive effect and locating finger contact points via the ionic thermoelectric effect.
这项研究报告了一种基于 MXene/PVA(聚乙烯醇)水凝胶的连续输出离子热电(i-TE)系统,该系统利用了 Cu2+ 和 Cl- 离子的热扩散以及电极界面上涉及 Cu/Cu2+ 的氧化还原反应。通过 MXene(Ti3C2Tx)调整离子扩散率,i-TE 系统的热功率可独立调整到 -3.13 mVK-1 的值。i-TE 系统的快速反应时间小于 100 秒,优于其他任何基于聚电解质的系统。最重要的是,i-TE 系统在配备铜电极时可实现连续电流输出,这得益于 Cu/Cu2+ 的氧化还原反应,并可在 1 kΩ 至 1 MΩ 的电阻范围内保持长期稳定输出。一个三序列连接的 i-TE 模块在 6 °C 的温差下显示出 26 mV 的输出电压,证实了创建 i-TE 器件阵列以输出大量能量的可行性。除了能量收集,MXene/PVA 水凝胶还可用作多功能应变/温度传感器,能够通过压阻效应检测机械应变,并通过离子热电效应定位手指接触点。
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引用次数: 0
Boosting Photoconductivity by Increasing the Structural Complexity of Multivariate Covalent Organic Frameworks 通过增加多元共价有机框架的结构复杂性提高光导率
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406211
Marta Gordo-Lozano, Marcos Martínez-Fernández, Rajendra Prasad Paitandi, José I. Martínez, José L. Segura, Shu Seki
The assessment of the photoconductivity of Donor-Acceptor (D-A) ordered bulk heterojunctions is gaining attention for the development of innovative organic semiconductors in optoelectronics. Here, the synthesis of pyrene-based (D) Covalent Organic Frameworks, achieve through a multivariate reaction involving two distinct acceptors is reported (A). The products are characterized using powder x-ray diffraction, N2 sorption isotherms, electronic microscopy, and in silico calculations, among other techniques. These characterizations reveal that the multicomponent synthesis enables the modification of properties (e.g., bandgap) of the framework while preserving its structural features, such as crystallinity and porosity. The ordered D-A arrays position these materials as promising candidates for photoconductive semiconductors, particularly regarding the variation in the composition of isotopological frameworks. Photoconductivity experiments demonstrate a volcano-type correlation with respect to the A moiety content, with the optimal value reaching 7.9 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the bare NIP25%-COF. This study illustrates how introducing diverse acceptor units through multivariate synthesis can enhance the photoconductivity of these materials via “defect” engineering, without sacrificing their crystalline or porous characteristics and avoiding the need for de novo synthesis.
为开发光电子学中的创新型有机半导体,对供体-受体(D-A)有序体异质结的光导率进行评估正日益受到关注。本文报告了通过涉及两种不同受体的多元反应合成芘基 (D) 共价有机框架的过程(A)。利用粉末 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附等温线、电子显微镜和硅计算等技术对产品进行了表征。这些表征结果表明,多组分合成可以在保留晶体度和孔隙率等结构特征的同时,改变框架的特性(如带隙)。有序的 D-A 阵列使这些材料有望成为光导半导体的候选材料,特别是在同素异形框架的组成变化方面。光电导实验证明了 A 分子含量的火山型相关性,裸 NIP25%-COF 的最佳值达到 7.9 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1。这项研究说明了如何通过多元合成引入不同的受体单元,从而通过 "缺陷 "工程提高这些材料的光导率,同时又不牺牲其晶体或多孔特性,避免了从头合成的需要。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel kgd-Topological Covalent Organic Framework with Optimum Pore Size for Efficient Benzene/Cyclohexane Separation 一种具有最佳孔径的新型 kgd 拓扑共价有机框架,可用于高效分离苯/环己烷
IF 13.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202408742
Borui Cai, Wenhao Wu, Xiaozeng Miao, Xi Yang, Limin Duan, Daohui Lin, Kun Yang
Separation of benzene and cyclohexane is essential for obtaining high-purity cyclohexane in the chemical industry and for resource recovery from exhaust gas, but is one of the most challenging separation processes due to their highly similar boiling points and kinetic diameters. Herein, based on the isoreticular contraction strategy, a novel covalent organic framework (i.e., HFPB-TAB-COF) with kgd topological structure and average pore size of 5.70 Å, between the kinetic diameters of benzene (5.60 Å) and cyclohexane (6.10 Å), is synthesized for benzene/cyclohexane separation by pore confinement effect. HFPB-TAB-COF has the highest ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivity of 36.0 for benzene/cyclohexane separation, and can produce 0.48 mmol g−1 cyclohexane with purity of +99% from 50:50 (v:v) benzene/cyclohexane mixture under dynamic condition, higher than reported separation materials. Optimizing the pore size of COFs by isoreticular contraction strategy can trigger the pore confinement effect for better meeting the separation challenge in industry.
苯和环己烷的分离对于化工行业获得高纯度环己烷以及从废气中回收资源至关重要,但由于它们的沸点和动力学直径非常相似,因此是最具挑战性的分离过程之一。本文基于等径收缩策略,合成了一种新型共价有机框架(即 HFPB-TAB-COF),它具有 kgd 拓扑结构,平均孔径为 5.70 Å,介于苯(5.60 Å)和环己烷(6.10 Å)的动力学直径之间,可通过孔约束效应实现苯/环己烷分离。HFPB-TAB-COF 在苯/环己烷分离方面具有最高的理想吸附溶液理论(IAST)选择性(36.0),并能在动态条件下从 50:50 (v:v) 苯/环己烷混合物中制备出纯度为 +99% 的 0.48 mmol g-1 环己烷,高于已报道的分离材料。通过等径收缩策略优化 COFs 的孔径,可以激发孔的约束效应,从而更好地应对工业中的分离挑战。
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引用次数: 0
A Janus Microsphere Delivery System Orchestrates Immunomodulation and Osteoinduction by Fine-tuning Release Profiles (Small 46/2024) Janus微球给药系统通过微调释放曲线协调免疫调节和骨质诱导 (Small 46/2024)
IF 13 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202470337
Yang Shi, Jingyi Gu, Chun Zhang, Rui Mi, Zhiwei Ke, Mingjun Xie, Wenjing Jin, Changyu Shao, Yong He, Jue Shi, Zhijian Xie

Janus Microsphere Delivery System

In article number 2403835, Yong He, Jue Shi, Zhijian Xie, and co-workers propose a versatile Janus microsphere delivery system based on a bottom-up concept, targeting individual biological events with fine-tuned delivery profiles. This system is very much like a magic Rubik's cube, which can be manipulated to various appearances with different “therapeutical efficiency”, aiming to treat different organs with distinct biological demands.

杰纳斯微球给药系统
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引用次数: 0
Red Fluorescence from Organic Microdots: Leveraging Foldamer-Linked Azobenzene for Enhanced Stability and Intensity in Bioimaging Applications (Small 46/2024) 有机微点的红色荧光:在生物成像应用中利用折叠剂连接偶氮苯来增强稳定性和强度(46/2024 号小论文)
IF 13 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202470343
Lianjin Zhang, Seoneun Jeong, Jeehee Lee, Jaewook Kim, Jung Seok Lee, Jihye Park, Jungwoo Hong, Jae-Hoon Eom, Hyungjun Kim, Young Min Rhee, Haeshin Lee, Hee-Seung Lee

Organic Microdots

In article number 2401480, Haeshin Lee, Hee-Seung Lee, and co-workers showcase organic microdots made of cis-azo-foldamer featuring a chromophore, linker, and β-peptide sequence. They demonstrate the microdots' improved fluorescence and photostability, highlighting their potential for in vivo bioimaging applications.

有机微点在编号为 2401480 的文章中,Haeshin Lee、Hee-Seung Lee 及其合作者展示了由顺式偶氮叠聚物制成的有机微点,该微点具有发色团、连接体和 β 肽序列。他们展示了这种微点改善的荧光和光稳定性,凸显了其在体内生物成像应用方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Interfacial Engineering for Controlled Crystal Mosaicity in Single-Crystalline Perovskite Films (Small 46/2024) 单晶过氧化物薄膜中可控晶体镶嵌的界面工程(小号 46/2024)
IF 13 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202470341
Su Min Park, Sang Wook Park, Haedam Jin, Dohun Baek, Jeongbeom Cha, Weon-Sik Chae, Tae Kyung Lee, Min Kim

Perovskite Films

In article number 2404958, Tae Kyung Lee, Min Kim, and co-workers address challenges in perovskite optoelectronics by developing a method for producing crystalline-orientation-controlled perovskite single crystal films using confined space crystallization and interfacial polymer thin films. This led to high-quality films with enhanced carrier mobility and improved photoresponsivity.

包晶体薄膜在文章编号 2404958 中,Tae Kyung Lee、Min Kim 及其合作者通过开发一种利用密闭空间结晶和界面聚合物薄膜生产晶体取向控制型包晶体单晶薄膜的方法,解决了包晶体光电子学中的难题。这使得高质量薄膜具有更强的载流子迁移率和更好的光致发光性。
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引用次数: 0
Masthead: (Small 46/2024) 桅顶:(小号 46/2024)
IF 13 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202470338
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引用次数: 0
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