Tzu-Wen Kuo, Paul Albert L. Sino, Hai-Feng Huang, Ren-Hao Guo, Ruei-Hong Cyu, Yu-Chieh Hsu, Yu-Heng Hong, Feng-Chuan Chuang, Hao-Chung Kuo, Ho-Hsiu Chou, Yu-Lun Chueh
We developed a novel hybrid gas sensor by integrating zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) onto platinum diselenide (PtSe2) layered thin films, synthesized via a plasma-assisted selenization process. This approach addresses the critical challenge of scalability in 2D material-based sensors. By leveraging the distinct adsorption energies of gas molecules at the metal centers in ZIF-67, the sensors exhibited a significantly enhanced H2S response of up to 163% at 10 ppm and remarkable selectivity against NH3, achieving a response ratio (SH2S/SNH3) of 10.9. We calculated a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) of 12 ppb, demonstrating suitability for trace-level environmental monitoring. Long-term stability tests over a month demonstrated the superior stability of ZIF-67@PtSe2 layered films compared to pristine PtSe2, while maintaining robust performance under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that ZIF-67 acts as a molecular sieve, selectively capturing H2S while hindering access to NH3, elucidating the underlying mechanism for the enhanced selectivity. Crucially, we successfully demonstrated the fabrication of a 4-inch wafer-scale device featuring a highly uniform ZIF-67@PtSe2 layered thin film that exhibited excellent gas-sensing performance. These results validate the feasibility and potential for large-scale, high-volume manufacturing of ZIF-67@PtSe2 sensors, bridging the gap between laboratory-scale devices and commercial applications.
{"title":"Enhanced Selectivity of Hydrogen Sulfide Gas by Hybrid Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67/2D Platinum Diselenide-Based Sensors Toward Wafer-Scale Production","authors":"Tzu-Wen Kuo, Paul Albert L. Sino, Hai-Feng Huang, Ren-Hao Guo, Ruei-Hong Cyu, Yu-Chieh Hsu, Yu-Heng Hong, Feng-Chuan Chuang, Hao-Chung Kuo, Ho-Hsiu Chou, Yu-Lun Chueh","doi":"10.1002/smll.202511890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202511890","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a novel hybrid gas sensor by integrating zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) onto platinum diselenide (PtSe<sub>2</sub>) layered thin films, synthesized via a plasma-assisted selenization process. This approach addresses the critical challenge of scalability in 2D material-based sensors. By leveraging the distinct adsorption energies of gas molecules at the metal centers in ZIF-67, the sensors exhibited a significantly enhanced H<sub>2</sub>S response of up to 163% at 10 ppm and remarkable selectivity against NH<sub>3</sub>, achieving a response ratio (S<sub>H2S</sub>/S<sub>NH3</sub>) of 10.9. We calculated a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) of 12 ppb, demonstrating suitability for trace-level environmental monitoring. Long-term stability tests over a month demonstrated the superior stability of ZIF-67@PtSe<sub>2</sub> layered films compared to pristine PtSe<sub>2</sub>, while maintaining robust performance under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that ZIF-67 acts as a molecular sieve, selectively capturing H<sub>2</sub>S while hindering access to NH<sub>3</sub>, elucidating the underlying mechanism for the enhanced selectivity. Crucially, we successfully demonstrated the fabrication of a 4-inch wafer-scale device featuring a highly uniform ZIF-67@PtSe<sub>2</sub> layered thin film that exhibited excellent gas-sensing performance. These results validate the feasibility and potential for large-scale, high-volume manufacturing of ZIF-67@PtSe<sub>2</sub> sensors, bridging the gap between laboratory-scale devices and commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li5FeO4 (LFO) is one of the promising prelithiation additives due to its high theoretical capacity (>867 mA h g-1) and facile synthesis. Nevertheless, its practical applicability is grossly compromised by its high air sensitivity. Succinonitrile (SN) is an expected coating material with excellent air stability, high ionic conductivity, and a wide electrochemical window. Herein, a rationally designed SN layer is proposed to evenly coat LFO particles (LFO@SN) through a facile wet-chemical process. On the one hand, SN effectively suppresses the spontaneous alkalization reaction on the surface of LFO under ambient environment, thereby achieving a high initial charge capacity of 623.8 mA h g-1 after air exposure (1 h, 25°C, 60%RH). On the other hand, SN partially dissolves in electrolyte and promotes the formation of a Li3N-containing solid electrolyte interphase, while the residual part acts as a harmful Fe ion adsorbent to prevent its dissolution. Impressively, the LiFePO4||graphite full cells with LFO@SN additive deliver a remarkable discharge capacity of 167.4 mA h g-1 and superior capacity retention of 97.3% after 200 cycles. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy to fabricate air-stable prethiation additives with ultra-high lithium compensation capacity and interface stabilization ability for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
Li5FeO4 （LFO）具有较高的理论容量（>867 mA h g-1）和易于合成等优点，是一种很有前途的预锂化添加剂。然而，它的实际适用性受到其高空气灵敏度的严重损害。丁二腈（SN）具有优良的空气稳定性、高离子电导率和较宽的电化学窗口，是一种理想的涂层材料。本文提出合理设计SN层，通过易湿化学工艺均匀包裹LFO颗粒（LFO@SN）。一方面，SN有效抑制了环境条件下LFO表面的自发碱化反应，从而在空气暴露（1 h, 25℃，60%RH）后获得了623.8 mA h g-1的高初始充电容量。另一方面，SN部分溶解于电解质中，促进了含li3n的固体电解质界面相的形成，而剩余部分则作为有害的Fe离子吸附剂阻止其溶解。令人印象深刻的是，添加LFO@SN添加剂的LiFePO4||石墨电池在200次循环后的放电容量达到167.4 mA h g-1，容量保持率达到97.3%。本研究为先进锂离子电池制备具有超高锂补偿能力和界面稳定能力的空气稳定预加剂提供了一种简单可行的方法。
{"title":"A Partially Stripped Succinonitrile Shield Rendering Air-Stable Li5FeO4 Prelithiation Agent for Dendrite-Free and Long-Lifespan Lithium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Min Fan,Longfei Li,Yaning Liu,Ruojian Ma,Yongquan Zheng,Ruyi Fang,Yongping Gan,Hui Huang,Xinping He,Jun Zhang,Xinhui Xia,Xinyong Tao,Wenkui Zhang,Yang Xia","doi":"10.1002/smll.73168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73168","url":null,"abstract":"Li5FeO4 (LFO) is one of the promising prelithiation additives due to its high theoretical capacity (>867 mA h g-1) and facile synthesis. Nevertheless, its practical applicability is grossly compromised by its high air sensitivity. Succinonitrile (SN) is an expected coating material with excellent air stability, high ionic conductivity, and a wide electrochemical window. Herein, a rationally designed SN layer is proposed to evenly coat LFO particles (LFO@SN) through a facile wet-chemical process. On the one hand, SN effectively suppresses the spontaneous alkalization reaction on the surface of LFO under ambient environment, thereby achieving a high initial charge capacity of 623.8 mA h g-1 after air exposure (1 h, 25°C, 60%RH). On the other hand, SN partially dissolves in electrolyte and promotes the formation of a Li3N-containing solid electrolyte interphase, while the residual part acts as a harmful Fe ion adsorbent to prevent its dissolution. Impressively, the LiFePO4||graphite full cells with LFO@SN additive deliver a remarkable discharge capacity of 167.4 mA h g-1 and superior capacity retention of 97.3% after 200 cycles. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy to fabricate air-stable prethiation additives with ultra-high lithium compensation capacity and interface stabilization ability for advanced lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"44 1","pages":"e73168"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147483721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (CO 2 RR) offers a sustainable route to generate multi‐carbon products (C 2 ), but achieving high activity and selectivity remains a challenge. Dual metal‐site catalysts (DMSCs), composed of two adjacent metal sites, provide unique active centers that enable simultaneous CO adsorption, a key step for C─C coupling. Here, we systematically investigated 156 DMSCs supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon to identify promising candidates for CO 2 RR. Stability screening revealed that 8 DMSCs are unstable, while hydrogen adsorption calculations excluded 6 additional systems due to strong * H binding. Among the remaining catalysts, 33 DMSCs exhibit CO dimerization energies (∆G *CO dimer‐2*CO ) below 0.75 eV, indicating favorable activity toward C 2 products. To explain these trends, we performed a linear correlation analysis of CO dimerization energy against 71 electronic parameters, which revealed that the occupancy of the dz 2 ↓ orbital (denoted O‐dz 2 ↓) exhibits the highest correlation (R 2 = 0.69). This suggested that combinations of electronic parameters could further improve the correlation and accurately predict CO 2 RR toward C 2 products. To achieve this, multiple machine learning models were trained, with the random forest regressor (RFR) achieving superior performance (R 2 = 0.98 for training and 0.96 for testing), demonstrating its suitability for predicting CO dimerization energy. Furthermore, the overpotential for C 2 production of the 33 DMSCs was correlated with electronic descriptors, revealing that O‐dz 2 ↓ exhibited the highest correlation (R 2 = 0.87), attributable to the substantial population of dz 2 ↓ states near the Fermi level (E F ), thereby underscoring its significance as a key descriptor. Overall, we emphasize the importance of using a multi‐descriptor predictive model to accurately estimate CO dimerization energies, and we identify key electronic parameters of DMSCs that can predict the overpotential for C 2 products. These insights offer a valuable framework for the rapid screening of low‐cost materials with high selectivity toward C 2 products.
{"title":"Integrating Machine Learning and DFT Descriptors for Screening Dual Metal‐Site Catalysts for CO 2 Reduction to C 2 Products","authors":"Mukaddar Sk, Arupjyoti Pathak, Ranjit Thapa","doi":"10.1002/smll.202513368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202513368","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical reduction of CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> RR) offers a sustainable route to generate multi‐carbon products (C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ), but achieving high activity and selectivity remains a challenge. Dual metal‐site catalysts (DMSCs), composed of two adjacent metal sites, provide unique active centers that enable simultaneous CO adsorption, a key step for C─C coupling. Here, we systematically investigated 156 DMSCs supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon to identify promising candidates for CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> RR. Stability screening revealed that 8 DMSCs are unstable, while hydrogen adsorption calculations excluded 6 additional systems due to strong <jats:sup>*</jats:sup> H binding. Among the remaining catalysts, 33 DMSCs exhibit CO dimerization energies (∆G <jats:sub>*CO dimer‐2*CO</jats:sub> ) below 0.75 eV, indicating favorable activity toward C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> products. To explain these trends, we performed a linear correlation analysis of CO dimerization energy against 71 electronic parameters, which revealed that the occupancy of the dz <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ↓ orbital (denoted O‐dz <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ↓) exhibits the highest correlation (R <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.69). This suggested that combinations of electronic parameters could further improve the correlation and accurately predict CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> RR toward C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> products. To achieve this, multiple machine learning models were trained, with the random forest regressor (RFR) achieving superior performance (R <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.98 for training and 0.96 for testing), demonstrating its suitability for predicting CO dimerization energy. Furthermore, the overpotential for C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production of the 33 DMSCs was correlated with electronic descriptors, revealing that O‐dz <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ↓ exhibited the highest correlation (R <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.87), attributable to the substantial population of dz <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ↓ states near the Fermi level (E <jats:sub>F</jats:sub> ), thereby underscoring its significance as a key descriptor. Overall, we emphasize the importance of using a multi‐descriptor predictive model to accurately estimate CO dimerization energies, and we identify key electronic parameters of DMSCs that can predict the overpotential for C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> products. These insights offer a valuable framework for the rapid screening of low‐cost materials with high selectivity toward C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> products.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overcoming the trade-off between multiphase coexistence and phase transformation in piezoelectrics remains a critical challenge for achieving high and stable piezoelectric performance over a broad temperature range. Here, we resolve this long-standing dilemma by constructing a continuous phase transition through multilayer ceramic texture engineering. Specifically, two types of (K,Na)NbO3-based piezoelectric ceramics with distinct polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) features are physically composed. The composite ceramics exhibit hierarchic phase and domain structures, particularly a continuous phase transition, enabling outstanding piezoelectric performance and thermal stability across a wide temperature range. As a result, the multilayer composite ceramics prepared in this work demonstrate excellent room-temperature piezoelectric properties, with a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) ∼ 420 pC N−1 and an inverse piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) ∼ 600 pm V−1. More importantly, within the temperature range of 25°C–100°C, the variation in d33 and d33* values is merely 2%. This work establishes a continuous phase transition-driven paradigm for enhancing piezoelectric thermal stability, demonstrating universal potential to decouple the constraints imposed by multiphase coexistence and phase transformation in next-generation piezoelectric materials.
{"title":"Continuous Phase Transition Enables Piezoelectric Thermal Stability in KNN-Based Multilayer Textured Ceramics","authors":"Caixia Zhu, Huirong Yang, Jin Qian, Luomeng Tang, Peng Li, Xiaoqian Wu, Cheng Shi, Guohui Li, Guanglong Ge, Bo Shen, Jiwei Zhai","doi":"10.1002/smll.73175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.73175","url":null,"abstract":"Overcoming the trade-off between multiphase coexistence and phase transformation in piezoelectrics remains a critical challenge for achieving high and stable piezoelectric performance over a broad temperature range. Here, we resolve this long-standing dilemma by constructing a continuous phase transition through multilayer ceramic texture engineering. Specifically, two types of (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub>-based piezoelectric ceramics with distinct polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) features are physically composed. The composite ceramics exhibit hierarchic phase and domain structures, particularly a continuous phase transition, enabling outstanding piezoelectric performance and thermal stability across a wide temperature range. As a result, the multilayer composite ceramics prepared in this work demonstrate excellent room-temperature piezoelectric properties, with a piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i><sub>33</sub>) ∼ 420 pC N<sup>−1</sup> and an inverse piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i><sub>33</sub>*) ∼ 600 pm V<sup>−1</sup>. More importantly, within the temperature range of 25°C–100°C, the variation in <i>d</i><sub>33</sub> and <i>d</i><sub>33</sub>* values is merely 2%. This work establishes a continuous phase transition-driven paradigm for enhancing piezoelectric thermal stability, demonstrating universal potential to decouple the constraints imposed by multiphase coexistence and phase transformation in next-generation piezoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boyou Wang, Wenxia Xu, Man Zhang, Jing Pan, Cong Wang, Qitao Zhou, Fan Xia
The recovery of osmotic energy through nanochannel membrane materials offers advantages such as zero CO 2 emissions and high resistance to weather and other external factors. Therefore, it holds great promise as a potential renewable energy source in the context of carbon neutrality. However, there are still numerous challenges before the relevant technology can be practically applied. Among them, large‐area and reproducible fabrication of membrane materials and overcoming the performance degradation caused by the ionic concentration polarization (ICP) effect at the interface between the membrane material and salt solution during system operation are key research focuses. Existing reviews primarily focus on the latest advancements in the field of material preparation. This review, however, starts from the approaches to mitigate the ICP effect. It categorizes the existing methods for ICP mitigating into physical means and material design strategies. Furthermore, it summarizes the matching patterns among nanopore size, charge characteristics during material design, and concentration gradients during operation. We believe that this review can offer valuable guidance to relevant researchers and facilitate the progression of osmotic energy conversion technology toward practical applications.
{"title":"Measures for Mitigating Ionic Concentration Polarization During Osmotic Energy Conversion","authors":"Boyou Wang, Wenxia Xu, Man Zhang, Jing Pan, Cong Wang, Qitao Zhou, Fan Xia","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514089","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery of osmotic energy through nanochannel membrane materials offers advantages such as zero CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions and high resistance to weather and other external factors. Therefore, it holds great promise as a potential renewable energy source in the context of carbon neutrality. However, there are still numerous challenges before the relevant technology can be practically applied. Among them, large‐area and reproducible fabrication of membrane materials and overcoming the performance degradation caused by the ionic concentration polarization (ICP) effect at the interface between the membrane material and salt solution during system operation are key research focuses. Existing reviews primarily focus on the latest advancements in the field of material preparation. This review, however, starts from the approaches to mitigate the ICP effect. It categorizes the existing methods for ICP mitigating into physical means and material design strategies. Furthermore, it summarizes the matching patterns among nanopore size, charge characteristics during material design, and concentration gradients during operation. We believe that this review can offer valuable guidance to relevant researchers and facilitate the progression of osmotic energy conversion technology toward practical applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyu Guan, Zeyuan Gao, Lu Bai, Fangxu Fan, Tianyou Li, Hongjin Li, Fake Sun, Yijun Liu, Gaohong He, Canghai Ma
The fabrication of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes via pyrolysis of crosslinked polymeric precursors has proven highly effective for hydrogen purification, offering unparalleled molecular sieving capabilities. However, conventional approaches typically require pyrolysis temperatures above 800°C to achieve precise H 2 /CO 2 discrimination, posing substantial challenges to industrial scalability and cost‐effectiveness. In this study, an oxidative crosslinking strategy employing potassium ferrate (K 2 FeO 4 ) is introduced to synergistically integrate proton transfer, hydrogen bonding, and covalent crosslinking, enabling the formation of a highly selective CMS membrane at a significantly reduced pyrolysis temperature of 650°C. The optimized FeO 42− ‐PBI‐12 h CMS@650°C membrane demonstrated remarkable gas transport performance, elevating H 2 permeability from 3.4 Barrer to 66 Barrer and H 2 /CO 2 selectivity from 14.4 to 75.3 under industrially relevant conditions (11 atm, 100°C), compared to its polymer precursor. These metrics transcend the 2008 Robeson upper bound and rank among the highest reported for H 2 /CO 2 separation. This work establishes an energy‐efficient pathway for producing high‐performance CMS membranes, offering a promising pathway toward more economically viable hydrogen purification.
{"title":"Ferrate‐Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole‐Derived Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes for Enhanced H 2 /CO 2 Separation","authors":"Jianyu Guan, Zeyuan Gao, Lu Bai, Fangxu Fan, Tianyou Li, Hongjin Li, Fake Sun, Yijun Liu, Gaohong He, Canghai Ma","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514458","url":null,"abstract":"The fabrication of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes via pyrolysis of crosslinked polymeric precursors has proven highly effective for hydrogen purification, offering unparalleled molecular sieving capabilities. However, conventional approaches typically require pyrolysis temperatures above 800°C to achieve precise H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> /CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> discrimination, posing substantial challenges to industrial scalability and cost‐effectiveness. In this study, an oxidative crosslinking strategy employing potassium ferrate (K <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> FeO <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ) is introduced to synergistically integrate proton transfer, hydrogen bonding, and covalent crosslinking, enabling the formation of a highly selective CMS membrane at a significantly reduced pyrolysis temperature of 650°C. The optimized FeO <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> <jats:sup>2−</jats:sup> ‐PBI‐12 h CMS@650°C membrane demonstrated remarkable gas transport performance, elevating H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> permeability from 3.4 Barrer to 66 Barrer and H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> /CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> selectivity from 14.4 to 75.3 under industrially relevant conditions (11 atm, 100°C), compared to its polymer precursor. These metrics transcend the 2008 Robeson upper bound and rank among the highest reported for H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> /CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> separation. This work establishes an energy‐efficient pathway for producing high‐performance CMS membranes, offering a promising pathway toward more economically viable hydrogen purification.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Ki Kim, Swarup Biswas, Yongju Lee, Dong Hyun Nam, Sein Chung, Byeong Jin Kim, Kilwon Cho, Hyeok Kim
Fully solution‐processed ambipolar organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are attractive for flexible, large‐area, and low‐cost electronics; however, their circuit‐level implementation has remained limited by mobility imbalance, trap‐induced instability, and complex fabrication. This study employs bulk‐heterojunction blends of the benchmark n‐type polymer N2200 and the high‐mobility donor polymer DPP‐DTT as a single active semiconductor platform for ambipolar OTFTs and complementary‐like logic. Systematically tuning the DPP‐DTT:N2200 composition enables balanced electron and hole transport, high on/off current ratios of ∼10 5 , and threshold voltages suitable for rail‐to‐rail operation, with the 5:95 blend providing the optimal compromise between mobility symmetry and operational stability. The optimized ambipolar behavior is attributed to a semi‐intermixed morphology with bi‐continuous percolation pathways and controlled crystallinity, as confirmed by correlated optical, energetic, and structural characterizations. Using a simple top‐gate device architecture and geometry‐scaled channel widths, all‐polymer ambipolar inverters exhibited sharp switching voltage‐transfer characteristics and high small‐signal gains of up to 19 at an optimized width ratio of 2:1. This study establishes a manufacturing‐compatible strategy for co‐engineering blend composition, microstructure, and device geometry, enabling scalable printed organic logic using a single bulk heterojunction semiconductor rather than separate p‐type and n‐type materials.
{"title":"Solution‐Processed Ambipolar Thin Film Transistors‐Based Inverters for Circuit Applications","authors":"Min Ki Kim, Swarup Biswas, Yongju Lee, Dong Hyun Nam, Sein Chung, Byeong Jin Kim, Kilwon Cho, Hyeok Kim","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514974","url":null,"abstract":"Fully solution‐processed ambipolar organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are attractive for flexible, large‐area, and low‐cost electronics; however, their circuit‐level implementation has remained limited by mobility imbalance, trap‐induced instability, and complex fabrication. This study employs bulk‐heterojunction blends of the benchmark n‐type polymer N2200 and the high‐mobility donor polymer DPP‐DTT as a single active semiconductor platform for ambipolar OTFTs and complementary‐like logic. Systematically tuning the DPP‐DTT:N2200 composition enables balanced electron and hole transport, high on/off current ratios of ∼10 <jats:sup>5</jats:sup> , and threshold voltages suitable for rail‐to‐rail operation, with the 5:95 blend providing the optimal compromise between mobility symmetry and operational stability. The optimized ambipolar behavior is attributed to a semi‐intermixed morphology with bi‐continuous percolation pathways and controlled crystallinity, as confirmed by correlated optical, energetic, and structural characterizations. Using a simple top‐gate device architecture and geometry‐scaled channel widths, all‐polymer ambipolar inverters exhibited sharp switching voltage‐transfer characteristics and high small‐signal gains of up to 19 at an optimized width ratio of 2:1. This study establishes a manufacturing‐compatible strategy for co‐engineering blend composition, microstructure, and device geometry, enabling scalable printed organic logic using a single bulk heterojunction semiconductor rather than separate p‐type and n‐type materials.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanxia Zhao, Yan Liang, Jin Hu, Zhiwei Chen, Hongru Zhou, Bo Jiang, Qianshuo Wang, Min Wang
The adsorption configuration regulation of molecules on the metal site is crucial in the targeted conversion of specific functional groups. Herein, we propose a strategy to adjust the adsorption configuration of substrate molecules by switching the channel screening effect of MOF, thereby achieving the targeted regulation of the selective hydrogenation pathway of furfural. Specifically, two Pd‐containing MOF with different Pd locations were fabricated, in which Pd nanoclusters are confined within the MOF cavities and Pd nanoparticles grow on the MOF external surface. Since furfural must pass through the MOF to contact with the Pd cluster, thus forcing furfural to present a linear adsorption configuration and selectively activates the C═O bonds. In contrast, surface Pd particles shield the channel effect, allowing furfural to adopt a thermodynamically stable planar adsorption mode, resulting in hydrogenation of both C═O and C═C bonds. This work provides insights into the adjustment of substrate adsorption configurations, and the proposed channel screening adsorption mechanism also provides ideas for designing catalysts with complex molecular orientation conversion.
{"title":"Switching the Channel Screening Effect of Metal–Organic Frameworks to Control the Selectivity of Furfural Hydrogenation","authors":"Yuanxia Zhao, Yan Liang, Jin Hu, Zhiwei Chen, Hongru Zhou, Bo Jiang, Qianshuo Wang, Min Wang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202514192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202514192","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption configuration regulation of molecules on the metal site is crucial in the targeted conversion of specific functional groups. Herein, we propose a strategy to adjust the adsorption configuration of substrate molecules by switching the channel screening effect of MOF, thereby achieving the targeted regulation of the selective hydrogenation pathway of furfural. Specifically, two Pd‐containing MOF with different Pd locations were fabricated, in which Pd nanoclusters are confined within the MOF cavities and Pd nanoparticles grow on the MOF external surface. Since furfural must pass through the MOF to contact with the Pd cluster, thus forcing furfural to present a linear adsorption configuration and selectively activates the C═O bonds. In contrast, surface Pd particles shield the channel effect, allowing furfural to adopt a thermodynamically stable planar adsorption mode, resulting in hydrogenation of both C═O and C═C bonds. This work provides insights into the adjustment of substrate adsorption configurations, and the proposed channel screening adsorption mechanism also provides ideas for designing catalysts with complex molecular orientation conversion.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Odella, Miryam Criado‐Gonzalez, Rodrigo A. Ponzio, David Mecerreyes, Matías L. Picchio, Daniele Mantione
Supramolecular gels formed by low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs) are valuable soft materials due to their remarkable versatility and wide range of applications. Developing ambidextrous LMWGs that self‐assemble in diverse solvents remains challenging, as such versatility requires precise molecular engineering to ensure robust structuring across varying polarity and hydrogen‐bonding environments. Here, we present a family of sugar‐based molecules functionalized with naphthyl (DNapS), benzothiadiazole (DBTDS), and coumarin (MCumS) moieties, synthesized by a green, scalable method, which serve as fluorescent LMWGs. Their gelation abilities are evaluated in water, organic solvents of different polarities, and deep eutectic solvents (DES). Among them, MCumS forms gels in water, short‐chain alcohols, and terpene‐based hydrophobic DES, highlighting its potential as a rare example of an LMWG capable of gelation across chemically diverse environments. Morphological analysis of MCumS gels reveals fibrous network formation in water and distinct, solvent‐dependent architectures in eutectogels. Interestingly, supramolecular gels based on this LMWG and zwitterionic DES show superior viscoelastic behavior and injectability. These findings not only expand the library of fluorescent LMWGs but also contribute to the fundamental understanding of structure‐property relationships in versatile supramolecular gel systems.
{"title":"Fluorescent Supramolecular Gels Based on D‐Sorbitol Derivatives","authors":"Emmanuel Odella, Miryam Criado‐Gonzalez, Rodrigo A. Ponzio, David Mecerreyes, Matías L. Picchio, Daniele Mantione","doi":"10.1002/smll.202511765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202511765","url":null,"abstract":"Supramolecular gels formed by low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs) are valuable soft materials due to their remarkable versatility and wide range of applications. Developing ambidextrous LMWGs that self‐assemble in diverse solvents remains challenging, as such versatility requires precise molecular engineering to ensure robust structuring across varying polarity and hydrogen‐bonding environments. Here, we present a family of sugar‐based molecules functionalized with naphthyl (DNapS), benzothiadiazole (DBTDS), and coumarin (MCumS) moieties, synthesized by a green, scalable method, which serve as fluorescent LMWGs. Their gelation abilities are evaluated in water, organic solvents of different polarities, and deep eutectic solvents (DES). Among them, MCumS forms gels in water, short‐chain alcohols, and terpene‐based hydrophobic DES, highlighting its potential as a rare example of an LMWG capable of gelation across chemically diverse environments. Morphological analysis of MCumS gels reveals fibrous network formation in water and distinct, solvent‐dependent architectures in eutectogels. Interestingly, supramolecular gels based on this LMWG and zwitterionic DES show superior viscoelastic behavior and injectability. These findings not only expand the library of fluorescent LMWGs but also contribute to the fundamental understanding of structure‐property relationships in versatile supramolecular gel systems.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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