Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.13.452142
Shangda Yang, Guohuan Sun, Peng Wu, Cong Chen, Yijin Kuang, Ling Liu, Zhaofeng Zheng, Yi-Di He, Quan Gu, Ting Lu, Caiying Zhu, Fengjiao Wang, Fanglin Gou, Zining Yang, Xiangnan Zhao, Shiru Yuan, Liu Yang, Shihong Lu, Yapu Li, Xue Lv, F. Dong, Yanni Ma, Jia Yu, L. Ng, Lihong Shi, Jing Liu, Lei Shi, T. Cheng, Hui Cheng
Hematopoietic differentiation is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic regulators. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be important for normal hematopoiesis, but their function in erythropoiesis needs to be further explored. We profiled the transcriptomes of 16 murine hematopoietic cell populations by deep RNA-sequencing and identified a novel lncRNA, Gm15915, that was highly expressed in erythroid-related progenitors and erythrocytes. For this reason, we named it lncEry. We also identified a novel lncEry isoform, which was also the principal transcript that has not been reported before. LncEry depletion impaired erythropoiesis, indicating the important role of the lncRNA in regulating erythroid differentiation and maturation. Mechanistically, we found that lncEry interacted with WD repeat-containing protein 82 (WDR82) to promote the transcription of Klf1 and globin genes and thus control the early and late stages of erythropoiesis, respectively. These findings identified lncEry as an important player in the transcriptional regulation of erythropoiesis.
{"title":"WDR82-binding long noncoding RNA lncEry controls mouse erythroid differentiation and maturation","authors":"Shangda Yang, Guohuan Sun, Peng Wu, Cong Chen, Yijin Kuang, Ling Liu, Zhaofeng Zheng, Yi-Di He, Quan Gu, Ting Lu, Caiying Zhu, Fengjiao Wang, Fanglin Gou, Zining Yang, Xiangnan Zhao, Shiru Yuan, Liu Yang, Shihong Lu, Yapu Li, Xue Lv, F. Dong, Yanni Ma, Jia Yu, L. Ng, Lihong Shi, Jing Liu, Lei Shi, T. Cheng, Hui Cheng","doi":"10.1101/2021.07.13.452142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.13.452142","url":null,"abstract":"Hematopoietic differentiation is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic regulators. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be important for normal hematopoiesis, but their function in erythropoiesis needs to be further explored. We profiled the transcriptomes of 16 murine hematopoietic cell populations by deep RNA-sequencing and identified a novel lncRNA, Gm15915, that was highly expressed in erythroid-related progenitors and erythrocytes. For this reason, we named it lncEry. We also identified a novel lncEry isoform, which was also the principal transcript that has not been reported before. LncEry depletion impaired erythropoiesis, indicating the important role of the lncRNA in regulating erythroid differentiation and maturation. Mechanistically, we found that lncEry interacted with WD repeat-containing protein 82 (WDR82) to promote the transcription of Klf1 and globin genes and thus control the early and late stages of erythropoiesis, respectively. These findings identified lncEry as an important player in the transcriptional regulation of erythropoiesis.","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76378910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arguello, Cathal S. Mahon, M. E. Calvert, D. Chan, J. Dugas, Michelle E Pizzo, Elliot R. Thomsen, Roni Chau, Lorna A Damo, Joseph Duque, Meng Fang, T. Giese, Do Jin Kim, Nicholas Liang, Hoang N. Nguyen, Hilda Solanoy, Buyankhishig Tsogtbaatar, J. Ullman, Junhua Wang, M. Dennis, D. Diaz, K. Gunasekaran, K. Henne, Joseph W. Lewcock, P. Sanchez, M. Troyer, Jeffrey M Harris, K. Scearce-Levie, L. Shan, R. Watts, R. Thorne, Anastasia G. Henry, Mihalis S. Kariolis
Delivery of biotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a challenge. Many approaches fuse biotherapeutics to platforms that bind the transferrin receptor (TfR), a brain endothelial cell target, to facilitate receptor-mediated transcytosis across the BBB. Here, we characterized the pharmacological behavior of two distinct TfR-targeted platforms fused to iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), a lysosomal enzyme deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), and compared the relative brain exposures and functional activities of both approaches in mouse models. IDS fused to a moderate-affinity, monovalent TfR binding enzyme transport vehicle (ETV:IDS) resulted in widespread brain exposure, internalization by parenchymal cells, and significant substrate reduction in the CNS of an MPS II mouse model. In contrast, IDS fused to a standard high-affinity bivalent antibody (IgG:IDS) resulted in lower brain uptake, limited biodistribution beyond brain endothelial cells, and reduced brain substrate reduction. These results highlight important features likely to impact the clinical development of TfR-targeting platforms in MPS II and potentially other CNS diseases. Summary Brain delivery, biodistribution and pharmacodynamics of a lysosomal enzyme fused to a moderate-affinity transferrin receptor-directed blood-brain barrier enzyme transport vehicle are superior to a traditional high-affinity anti-TfR monoclonal antibody fusion.
{"title":"Molecular architecture determines brain delivery of a transferrin receptor–targeted lysosomal enzyme","authors":"A. Arguello, Cathal S. Mahon, M. E. Calvert, D. Chan, J. Dugas, Michelle E Pizzo, Elliot R. Thomsen, Roni Chau, Lorna A Damo, Joseph Duque, Meng Fang, T. Giese, Do Jin Kim, Nicholas Liang, Hoang N. Nguyen, Hilda Solanoy, Buyankhishig Tsogtbaatar, J. Ullman, Junhua Wang, M. Dennis, D. Diaz, K. Gunasekaran, K. Henne, Joseph W. Lewcock, P. Sanchez, M. Troyer, Jeffrey M Harris, K. Scearce-Levie, L. Shan, R. Watts, R. Thorne, Anastasia G. Henry, Mihalis S. Kariolis","doi":"10.1084/jem.20211057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20211057","url":null,"abstract":"Delivery of biotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a challenge. Many approaches fuse biotherapeutics to platforms that bind the transferrin receptor (TfR), a brain endothelial cell target, to facilitate receptor-mediated transcytosis across the BBB. Here, we characterized the pharmacological behavior of two distinct TfR-targeted platforms fused to iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), a lysosomal enzyme deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), and compared the relative brain exposures and functional activities of both approaches in mouse models. IDS fused to a moderate-affinity, monovalent TfR binding enzyme transport vehicle (ETV:IDS) resulted in widespread brain exposure, internalization by parenchymal cells, and significant substrate reduction in the CNS of an MPS II mouse model. In contrast, IDS fused to a standard high-affinity bivalent antibody (IgG:IDS) resulted in lower brain uptake, limited biodistribution beyond brain endothelial cells, and reduced brain substrate reduction. These results highlight important features likely to impact the clinical development of TfR-targeting platforms in MPS II and potentially other CNS diseases. Summary Brain delivery, biodistribution and pharmacodynamics of a lysosomal enzyme fused to a moderate-affinity transferrin receptor-directed blood-brain barrier enzyme transport vehicle are superior to a traditional high-affinity anti-TfR monoclonal antibody fusion.","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82308808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Ghaedi, Zi Yi Shen, Mona Orangi, Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez, Lisa Wei, Xiaoxiao Lu, Arundhoti Das, Alireza Heravi-Moussavi, Marco A Marra, Avinash Bhandoola, Fumio Takei
Lung group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) drive allergic inflammation and promote tissue repair. ILC2 development is dependent on the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORα), which is also expressed in common ILC progenitors. To elucidate the developmental pathways of lung ILC2s, we generated RORα lineage tracer mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and functional analyses. In adult mouse lungs, we found an IL-18Rα+ST2- population different from conventional IL-18Rα-ST2+ ILC2s. The former was GATA-3intTcf7EGFP+Kit+, produced few cytokines, and differentiated into multiple ILC lineages in vivo and in vitro. In neonatal mouse lungs, three ILC populations were identified, namely an ILC progenitor population similar to that in adult lungs and two distinct effector ILC2 subsets that differentially produced type 2 cytokines and amphiregulin. Lung ILC progenitors might actively contribute to ILC-poiesis in neonatal and inflamed adult lungs. In addition, neonatal lung ILC2s include distinct proinflammatory and tissue-repairing subsets.
{"title":"Single-cell analysis of RORα tracer mouse lung reveals ILC progenitors and effector ILC2 subsets.","authors":"Maryam Ghaedi, Zi Yi Shen, Mona Orangi, Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez, Lisa Wei, Xiaoxiao Lu, Arundhoti Das, Alireza Heravi-Moussavi, Marco A Marra, Avinash Bhandoola, Fumio Takei","doi":"10.1084/jem.20182293","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20182293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) drive allergic inflammation and promote tissue repair. ILC2 development is dependent on the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (RORα), which is also expressed in common ILC progenitors. To elucidate the developmental pathways of lung ILC2s, we generated RORα lineage tracer mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and functional analyses. In adult mouse lungs, we found an IL-18Rα+ST2- population different from conventional IL-18Rα-ST2+ ILC2s. The former was GATA-3intTcf7EGFP+Kit+, produced few cytokines, and differentiated into multiple ILC lineages in vivo and in vitro. In neonatal mouse lungs, three ILC populations were identified, namely an ILC progenitor population similar to that in adult lungs and two distinct effector ILC2 subsets that differentially produced type 2 cytokines and amphiregulin. Lung ILC progenitors might actively contribute to ILC-poiesis in neonatal and inflamed adult lungs. In addition, neonatal lung ILC2s include distinct proinflammatory and tissue-repairing subsets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7062532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88649387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parimal Majumder, Joshua T Lee, Andrew R Rahmberg, Gaurav Kumar, Tian Mi, Christopher D Scharer, Jeremy M Boss
Super enhancers (SEs) play critical roles in cell type-specific gene regulation. The mechanisms by which such elements work are largely unknown. Two SEs termed DR/DQ-SE and XL9-SE are situated within the human MHC class II locus between the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes and are highly enriched for disease-causing SNPs. To test the function of these elements, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a series of mutants that deleted the SE. Deletion of DR/DQ-SE resulted in reduced expression of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes. The SEs were found to interact with each other and the promoters of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1. DR/DQ-SE also interacted with neighboring CTCF binding sites. Importantly, deletion of DR/DQ-SE reduced the local chromatin interactions, implying that it functions as the organizer for the local three-dimensional architecture. These data provide direct mechanisms by which an MHC-II SE contributes to expression of the locus and suggest how variation in these SEs may contribute to human disease and altered immunity.
超级增强子(SE)在细胞类型特异性基因调控中发挥着关键作用。这类元件的作用机制在很大程度上还不为人所知。被称为 DR/DQ-SE 和 XL9-SE 的两个 SE 位于人类 MHC II 类基因座中的 HLA-DRB1 和 HLA-DQA1 基因之间,并且高度富集了致病 SNPs。为了测试这些元件的功能,我们使用 CRISPR/Cas9 生成了一系列删除 SE 的突变体。DR/DQ-SE的缺失导致HLA-DRB1和HLA-DQA1基因的表达减少。研究发现 SE 与 HLA-DRB1 和 HLA-DQA1 的启动子相互作用。DR/DQ-SE 还与邻近的 CTCF 结合位点相互作用。重要的是,DR/DQ-SE的缺失减少了局部染色质的相互作用,这意味着它起到了局部三维结构组织者的作用。这些数据提供了 MHC-II SE 促进基因座表达的直接机制,并提示了这些 SE 的变异可能如何导致人类疾病和免疫力的改变。
{"title":"A super enhancer controls expression and chromatin architecture within the MHC class II locus.","authors":"Parimal Majumder, Joshua T Lee, Andrew R Rahmberg, Gaurav Kumar, Tian Mi, Christopher D Scharer, Jeremy M Boss","doi":"10.1084/jem.20190668","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20190668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Super enhancers (SEs) play critical roles in cell type-specific gene regulation. The mechanisms by which such elements work are largely unknown. Two SEs termed DR/DQ-SE and XL9-SE are situated within the human MHC class II locus between the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes and are highly enriched for disease-causing SNPs. To test the function of these elements, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a series of mutants that deleted the SE. Deletion of DR/DQ-SE resulted in reduced expression of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes. The SEs were found to interact with each other and the promoters of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1. DR/DQ-SE also interacted with neighboring CTCF binding sites. Importantly, deletion of DR/DQ-SE reduced the local chromatin interactions, implying that it functions as the organizer for the local three-dimensional architecture. These data provide direct mechanisms by which an MHC-II SE contributes to expression of the locus and suggest how variation in these SEs may contribute to human disease and altered immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1084/jem.20190668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81288251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ganesh E Phad, Pradeepa Pushparaj, Karen Tran, Viktoriya Dubrovskaya, Monika Àdori, Paola Martinez-Murillo, Néstor Vázquez Bernat, Suruchi Singh, Gilman Dionne, Sijy O'Dell, Komal Bhullar, Sanjana Narang, Chiara Sorini, Eduardo J Villablanca, Christopher Sundling, Benjamin Murrell, John R Mascola, Lawrence Shapiro, Marie Pancera, Marcel Martin, Martin Corcoran, Richard T Wyatt, Gunilla B Karlsson Hedestam
Well-ordered HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers are prioritized for clinical evaluation, and there is a need for an improved understanding about how elicited B cell responses evolve following immunization. To accomplish this, we prime-boosted rhesus macaques with clade C NFL trimers and identified 180 unique Ab lineages from ∼1,000 single-sorted Env-specific memory B cells. We traced all lineages in high-throughput heavy chain (HC) repertoire (Rep-seq) data generated from multiple immune compartments and time points and expressed several as monoclonal Abs (mAbs). Our results revealed broad dissemination and high levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) of most lineages, including tier 2 virus neutralizing lineages, following boosting. SHM was highest in the Ab complementarity determining regions (CDRs) but also surprisingly high in the framework regions (FRs), especially FR3. Our results demonstrate the capacity of the immune system to affinity-mature large numbers of Env-specific B cell lineages simultaneously, supporting the use of regimens consisting of repeated boosts to improve each Ab, even those belonging to less expanded lineages.
秩序井然的 HIV-1 包膜糖蛋白(Env)三聚体被优先用于临床评估,因此需要进一步了解免疫后诱导的 B 细胞反应是如何演变的。为了实现这一目标,我们用C族NFL三聚体对猕猴进行了原代强化,并从∼1,000个单次分选的Env特异性记忆B细胞中鉴定出了180个独特的抗体系。我们在从多个免疫分区和时间点生成的高通量重链(HC)序列(Rep-seq)数据中追踪了所有系谱,并将其中一些表达为单克隆抗体(mAbs)。我们的研究结果表明,大多数血系(包括第 2 级病毒中和血系)在增强后都出现了广泛的传播和高水平的体细胞超突变(SHM)。SHM在抗体互补决定区(CDRs)中最高,但在框架区(FRs),尤其是FR3中也出奇地高。我们的研究结果表明,免疫系统有能力同时亲和成熟大量的Env特异性B细胞系,从而支持使用由重复增强组成的方案来改进每一种Ab,即使是属于扩展较少的系。
{"title":"Extensive dissemination and intraclonal maturation of HIV Env vaccine-induced B cell responses.","authors":"Ganesh E Phad, Pradeepa Pushparaj, Karen Tran, Viktoriya Dubrovskaya, Monika Àdori, Paola Martinez-Murillo, Néstor Vázquez Bernat, Suruchi Singh, Gilman Dionne, Sijy O'Dell, Komal Bhullar, Sanjana Narang, Chiara Sorini, Eduardo J Villablanca, Christopher Sundling, Benjamin Murrell, John R Mascola, Lawrence Shapiro, Marie Pancera, Marcel Martin, Martin Corcoran, Richard T Wyatt, Gunilla B Karlsson Hedestam","doi":"10.1084/jem.20191155","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20191155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Well-ordered HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers are prioritized for clinical evaluation, and there is a need for an improved understanding about how elicited B cell responses evolve following immunization. To accomplish this, we prime-boosted rhesus macaques with clade C NFL trimers and identified 180 unique Ab lineages from ∼1,000 single-sorted Env-specific memory B cells. We traced all lineages in high-throughput heavy chain (HC) repertoire (Rep-seq) data generated from multiple immune compartments and time points and expressed several as monoclonal Abs (mAbs). Our results revealed broad dissemination and high levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) of most lineages, including tier 2 virus neutralizing lineages, following boosting. SHM was highest in the Ab complementarity determining regions (CDRs) but also surprisingly high in the framework regions (FRs), especially FR3. Our results demonstrate the capacity of the immune system to affinity-mature large numbers of Env-specific B cell lineages simultaneously, supporting the use of regimens consisting of repeated boosts to improve each Ab, even those belonging to less expanded lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79968267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei Liu, Jianxin Fu, Kirk Bergstrom, Xindi Shan, J Michael McDaniel, Samuel McGee, Xia Bai, Weichang Chen, Lijun Xia
Core 1-derived mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) are a major component of gastric mucus with an unclear role. To address this, we generated mice lacking gastric epithelial O-glycans (GEC C1galt1-/-). GEC C1galt1-/- mice exhibited spontaneous gastritis that progressed to adenocarcinoma with ∼80% penetrance by 1 yr. GEC C1galt1-/- gastric epithelium exhibited defective expression of a major mucus forming O-glycoprotein Muc5AC relative to WT controls, which was associated with impaired gastric acid homeostasis. Inflammation and tumorigenesis in GEC C1galt1-/- stomach were concurrent with activation of caspases 1 and 11 (Casp1/11)-dependent inflammasome. GEC C1galt1-/- mice genetically lacking Casp1/11 had reduced gastritis and gastric cancer progression. Notably, expression of Tn antigen, a truncated form of O-glycan, and CASP1 activation was associated with tumor progression in gastric cancer patients. These results reveal a critical role of O-glycosylation in gastric homeostasis and the protection of the gastric mucosa from Casp1-mediated gastric inflammation and cancer.
{"title":"Core 1-derived mucin-type O-glycosylation protects against spontaneous gastritis and gastric cancer.","authors":"Fei Liu, Jianxin Fu, Kirk Bergstrom, Xindi Shan, J Michael McDaniel, Samuel McGee, Xia Bai, Weichang Chen, Lijun Xia","doi":"10.1084/jem.20182325","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20182325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Core 1-derived mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) are a major component of gastric mucus with an unclear role. To address this, we generated mice lacking gastric epithelial O-glycans (GEC C1galt1-/-). GEC C1galt1-/- mice exhibited spontaneous gastritis that progressed to adenocarcinoma with ∼80% penetrance by 1 yr. GEC C1galt1-/- gastric epithelium exhibited defective expression of a major mucus forming O-glycoprotein Muc5AC relative to WT controls, which was associated with impaired gastric acid homeostasis. Inflammation and tumorigenesis in GEC C1galt1-/- stomach were concurrent with activation of caspases 1 and 11 (Casp1/11)-dependent inflammasome. GEC C1galt1-/- mice genetically lacking Casp1/11 had reduced gastritis and gastric cancer progression. Notably, expression of Tn antigen, a truncated form of O-glycan, and CASP1 activation was associated with tumor progression in gastric cancer patients. These results reveal a critical role of O-glycosylation in gastric homeostasis and the protection of the gastric mucosa from Casp1-mediated gastric inflammation and cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Haeger, Stephanie Alexander, Manon Vullings, Fabian M P Kaiser, Cornelia Veelken, Uta Flucke, Gudrun E Koehl, Markus Hirschberg, Michael Flentje, Robert M Hoffman, Edward K Geissler, Stephan Kissler, Peter Friedl
Cancer fatalities result from metastatic dissemination and therapy resistance, both processes that depend on signals from the tumor microenvironment. To identify how invasion and resistance programs cooperate, we used intravital microscopy of orthotopic sarcoma and melanoma xenografts. We demonstrate that these tumors invade collectively and that, specifically, cells within the invasion zone acquire increased resistance to radiotherapy, rapidly normalize DNA damage, and preferentially survive. Using a candidate-based approach to identify effectors of invasion-associated resistance, we targeted β1 and αVβ3/β5 integrins, essential extracellular matrix receptors in mesenchymal tumors, which mediate cancer progression and resistance. Combining radiotherapy with β1 or αV integrin monotargeting in invading tumors led to relapse and metastasis in 40-60% of the cohort, in line with recently failed clinical trials individually targeting integrins. However, when combined, anti-β1/αV integrin dual targeting achieved relapse-free radiosensitization and prevented metastatic escape. Collectively, invading cancer cells thus withstand radiotherapy and DNA damage by β1/αVβ3/β5 integrin cross-talk, but efficient radiosensitization can be achieved by multiple integrin targeting.
{"title":"Collective cancer invasion forms an integrin-dependent radioresistant niche.","authors":"Anna Haeger, Stephanie Alexander, Manon Vullings, Fabian M P Kaiser, Cornelia Veelken, Uta Flucke, Gudrun E Koehl, Markus Hirschberg, Michael Flentje, Robert M Hoffman, Edward K Geissler, Stephan Kissler, Peter Friedl","doi":"10.1084/jem.20181184","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20181184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer fatalities result from metastatic dissemination and therapy resistance, both processes that depend on signals from the tumor microenvironment. To identify how invasion and resistance programs cooperate, we used intravital microscopy of orthotopic sarcoma and melanoma xenografts. We demonstrate that these tumors invade collectively and that, specifically, cells within the invasion zone acquire increased resistance to radiotherapy, rapidly normalize DNA damage, and preferentially survive. Using a candidate-based approach to identify effectors of invasion-associated resistance, we targeted β1 and αVβ3/β5 integrins, essential extracellular matrix receptors in mesenchymal tumors, which mediate cancer progression and resistance. Combining radiotherapy with β1 or αV integrin monotargeting in invading tumors led to relapse and metastasis in 40-60% of the cohort, in line with recently failed clinical trials individually targeting integrins. However, when combined, anti-β1/αV integrin dual targeting achieved relapse-free radiosensitization and prevented metastatic escape. Collectively, invading cancer cells thus withstand radiotherapy and DNA damage by β1/αVβ3/β5 integrin cross-talk, but efficient radiosensitization can be achieved by multiple integrin targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87244572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Yang, Tyler R Schleicher, Yuemei Dong, Hyun Bong Park, Jiangfeng Lan, Peter Cresswell, Jason Crawford, George Dimopoulos, Erol Fikrig
Plasmodium infection in Anopheles is influenced by mosquito-derived factors. We previously showed that a protein in saliva from infected Anopheles, mosquito gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (mosGILT), inhibits the ability of sporozoites to traverse cells and readily establish infection of the vertebrate host. To determine whether mosGILT influences Plasmodium within the mosquito, we generated Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes carrying mosaic mutations in the mosGILT gene using CRISPR/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9). Here, we show that female mosaic mosGILT mutant mosquitoes display defects in ovarian development and refractoriness to Plasmodium. Following infection by either Plasmodium berghei or Plasmodium falciparum, mutant mosquitoes have significantly reduced oocyst numbers as a result of increased thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1)-dependent parasite killing. Expression of vitellogenin (Vg), the major yolk protein that can reduce the parasite-killing efficiency of TEP1, is severely impaired in mutant mosquitoes. MosGILT is a mosquito factor that is essential for ovarian development and indirectly protects both human and rodent Plasmodium species from mosquito immunity.
{"title":"Disruption of mosGILT in Anopheles gambiae impairs ovarian development and Plasmodium infection.","authors":"Jing Yang, Tyler R Schleicher, Yuemei Dong, Hyun Bong Park, Jiangfeng Lan, Peter Cresswell, Jason Crawford, George Dimopoulos, Erol Fikrig","doi":"10.1084/jem.20190682","DOIUrl":"10.1084/jem.20190682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmodium infection in Anopheles is influenced by mosquito-derived factors. We previously showed that a protein in saliva from infected Anopheles, mosquito gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (mosGILT), inhibits the ability of sporozoites to traverse cells and readily establish infection of the vertebrate host. To determine whether mosGILT influences Plasmodium within the mosquito, we generated Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes carrying mosaic mutations in the mosGILT gene using CRISPR/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9). Here, we show that female mosaic mosGILT mutant mosquitoes display defects in ovarian development and refractoriness to Plasmodium. Following infection by either Plasmodium berghei or Plasmodium falciparum, mutant mosquitoes have significantly reduced oocyst numbers as a result of increased thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1)-dependent parasite killing. Expression of vitellogenin (Vg), the major yolk protein that can reduce the parasite-killing efficiency of TEP1, is severely impaired in mutant mosquitoes. MosGILT is a mosquito factor that is essential for ovarian development and indirectly protects both human and rodent Plasmodium species from mosquito immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83111607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hector Huerga Encabo, Laia Traveset, J. Argilaguet, A. Angulo, Estanislao Nistal-Villán, R. Jaiswal, C. Escalante, C. Gekas, A. Meyerhans, J. Aramburu, C. López-Rodríguez
Huerga Encabo et al. show that NFAT5, previously characterized as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, limits the IFN-I response to control antiviral defenses and preserve HSC quiescence. NFAT5 represses IFN-I and ISG expression through an evolutionarily conserved DNA element that prevents IRF3 recruitment to the IFNB1 enhanceosome.
{"title":"The transcription factor NFAT5 limits infection-induced type I interferon responses","authors":"Hector Huerga Encabo, Laia Traveset, J. Argilaguet, A. Angulo, Estanislao Nistal-Villán, R. Jaiswal, C. Escalante, C. Gekas, A. Meyerhans, J. Aramburu, C. López-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1084/jem.20190449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190449","url":null,"abstract":"Huerga Encabo et al. show that NFAT5, previously characterized as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, limits the IFN-I response to control antiviral defenses and preserve HSC quiescence. NFAT5 represses IFN-I and ISG expression through an evolutionarily conserved DNA element that prevents IRF3 recruitment to the IFNB1 enhanceosome.","PeriodicalId":23015,"journal":{"name":"The Tokushima journal of experimental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75244893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}