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ESTIMATES OF THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION USING THE INDICATOR OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT FOR 1991-2021 利用 1991-2021 年国内生产总值指标对俄罗斯联邦经济增长的估算
Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.14258/epb202329
O. Shumilin, G. V. Gioev, N. N. Kuzin
Today it is difficult to imagine an analysis of the country's economic security without assessing its economic growth. In educational and scientific publications, when assessing the economic growth of the state, the gross domestic product indicator (hereinafter referred to as GDP) is used, perhaps the main indicator of the economic growth of our state. The assessment of the country's economic growth involves the use of a system of indicators, on the basis of which a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the factors of ensuring the vital activity of the state is possible. The purpose of the system of indicators of economic growth of the state is to propose measures to create a clear state policy designed to minimize the risk of threats to economic security and ensure stable and sustainable development of the political situation and the progressive growth of the country's economy. This article presents the actual values of the GDP of the economic growth of the Russian Federation in the form of time series in various estimates, namely, in current and constant prices, as well as in the national currency — Russian rubles and US dollars — changes from 1991 to 2021. In the article, along with a standard set of dynamics indicators, calculations of absolute and relative accelerations of the time series are presented, which make it possible to comprehensively consider the processes of changes in the economic growth of our state.
如今,如果不对国家的经济增长进行评估,就很难想象会对国家的经济安全进行分析。在教育和科学出版物中,在评估国家经济增长时使用的是国内生产总值指标(以下简称 GDP),这或许是我国经济增长的主要指标。 对国家经济增长的评估涉及到指标体系的使用,在此基础上可以对确保国家重要活动的因素进行定量和定性分析。国家经济增长指标体系的目的是提出措施,制定明确的国家政策,旨在最大限度地降低经济安全受到威胁的风险,确保政治局势的稳定和可持续发展以及国家经济的逐步增长。 本文以时间序列的形式介绍了俄罗斯联邦经济增长的国内生产总值的实际值,包括各种估算值,即从 1991 年到 2021 年的现行价格和不变价格,以及本国货币--俄罗斯卢布和美元--的变化。 文章介绍了时间序列的绝对加速度和相对加速度的计算以及一套标准的动态指标,从而可以全面考虑我国经济增长的变化过程。
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引用次数: 0
FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD SECURITY OF THE REGION 影响该地区粮食安全的因素
Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.14258/epb202320
Yunhui Lai
The purpose of the study is to specify the external driving forces that have a possible impact on the formation of a system of regional food security. The article presents the results of a study of the features of various factors that have both a positive and a negative impact on the state of the object of study in the context of political, social, economic and technological approaches to the classification of these factors. The main emphasis in the work is on the problems and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex, on the final success of which the level of food supply of the regions of Russia directly depends. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that under the influence of the global pandemic crisis and the economic sanctions imposed by European countries, a number of different environmental factors have formed that determine the main trends in the development of the food security system for the Russian regions. In the current economic conditions, the main task of national importance is to maintain and improve the standard of living of the country's population.
研究的目的是明确可能对地区粮食安全体系的形成产生影响的外部驱动力。文章介绍了从政治、社会、经济和技术角度对研究对象的状态产生积极和消极影响的各种因素的特征进行分类的研究结果。工作的重点是农工综合体的发展问题和前景,俄罗斯各地区的粮食供应水平直接取决于农工综合体的最终成功。 这项研究的现实意义在于,在全球大流行病危机和欧洲国家经济制裁的影响下,形成了一系列不同的环境因素,这些因素决定了俄罗斯各地区粮食安全体系发展的主要趋势。在当前的经济条件下,国家的主要任务是保持和提高全国人民的生活水平。
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引用次数: 0
INTERREGIONAL COMMODITY EXCHANGE OF THE ALTAI KRAI IN 1990-2020 IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 从社会经济发展角度看 1990-2020 年阿尔泰边疆区的地区间商品交换
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202328
A. Trotskovsky, Yu. Yu. Nazemtseva
The article considers the driving forces and factors that have a significant impact on the dynamics of trade relations between the Altai Krai and other regions. An assessment is made of the degree of trade's closeness and economic ties between the Altai Krai and other Russian regions, a detailed analysis of their role and place in the exchange of goods with the Altai Krai in 1990-2020 is carried out. The analysis was carried out in two main perspectives of interregional trade — import and export of products, taking into account its commodity structure on the example of two time periods: in the period 2001-2016, as well as in the modern period 2017-2020. The conclusion is made about the importance of demand for the products of Altai manufacturers from the regions of Russia as the most important driver of growth in agriculture and industry. A long-term stable trend of the predominance of imports of industrial and technical products into the region and exports of consumer goods from the region has been revealed. It is proved that the Altai Krai is extremely important for the development of production in a number of Russian regions, despiteits sales market's narrowness and limited domestic demand. The main periods in the development of trade and interregional economic relations, which differ significantly in intensity, are identified. The dynamics of interregional commodity exchange of the region, which occurred under the influence of shifts in its sectoral structure and the structure of domestic demand, is revealed. The features of interregional integration processes in the tradesphere in different chronological periods are revealed and characterized.
文章探讨了对阿尔泰边疆区与其他地区贸易关系动态产生重大影响的动力和因素。文章评估了阿尔泰边疆区与俄罗斯其他地区之间的贸易密切程度和经济联系,详细分析了1990-2020年这些地区在与阿尔泰边疆区商品交换中的作用和地位。分析从地区间贸易的两个主要角度--产品的进口和出口--进行,并以两个时期的商品结构为例:2001-2016 年和 2017-2020 年现代时期。得出的结论是,俄罗斯各地区对阿尔泰生产商产品的需求是工农业增长的最重要驱动力。该地区工业和技术产品进口和消费品出口的长期稳定趋势已经显现。事实证明,尽管阿尔泰边疆区的销售市场狭窄,国内需求有限,但它对俄罗斯许多地区的生产发展极为重要。确定了贸易和地区间经济关系发展的主要时期,这些时期的强度差异很大。揭示了该地区在部门结构和国内需求结构变化影响下的地区间商品交换动态。揭示了不同时期贸易领域区域间一体化进程的特点。
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引用次数: 0
TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: CONTRADICTIONS, PROBLEMS, PRIORITIES 领土发展战略:矛盾、问题和优先事项
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202324
T. Rudakova, O. Rudakova
The processes taking place in all subsystems without exception that form the structure of modern society have become the reason for the attention of the scientific community to the study of contradictions, problems and priorities for the development of the territory of the municipality as a socio-economic system of a complex nature. It is the complex nature of the system that gives rise to a large number of questions that arise in the process of a comprehensive study of territorial and unique features, difficulties in choosing research methods and tools for solving problems at the stages of developing and implementing a territorial development strategy. The individual characteristics of a particular municipality and the goals of the territory development strategy set tasks for the developers, the solution of which depends on the correct choice of priorities, taking into account emerging barriers and limiting factors in the implementation process. The authors systematized legal acts as the foundation for building a territory development strategy, approaches to classifying contradictions on the scale of the economic system, substantiated the need to adjust the strategy as a medium-term and long-term task to the challenges of the new time, including technological breakthroughs in management and information and communication space.
构成现代社会结构的所有子系统无一例外地发生着各种进程,这已成为科学界关注研究作为复杂性质的社会经济系统的市镇领土发展的矛盾、问题和优先事项的原因。正是由于该系统的复杂性,在全面研究领土和独特特征的过程中出现了大量问题,在制定和实施领土发展战略的阶段,在选择研究方法和解决问题的工具时也遇到了困难。特定城市的个性特征和领土发展战略的目标为开发者设定了任务,这些任务的解决取决于对优先事项的正确选择,同时考虑到实施过程中新出现的障碍和限制因素。作者系统阐述了作为制定地区发展战略基础的法律行为、对经济系统规模上的矛盾进行分类的方法,证实了将战略调整为中期和长期任务的必要性,以应对新时期的挑战,包括管理和信息通信领域的技术突破。
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引用次数: 0
MARKETING AS A FACTOR OF PROPORTIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (A PROBLEM REQUIRING RESEARCH) 市场营销作为经济发展的一个要素(一个需要研究的问题)
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202317
V. Belyaev, O. Kuznecova, O. N. Pyatkova
All problems can be divided into two groups: problems that require solutions and problems that require research. The second group includes complex hidden problems, which are sometimes difficult to identify, designate, define, describe, and establish the causes. In a market economy, this is the problem of ensuring the proportionality of production and consumption, both in general, in the country's economy, and in a separate commodity flow. The formation of production and marketing infrastructure in market conditions is stochastic in nature, that is, it is carried out in the form of spontaneous interactions of sellers and buyers, as well as producers among themselves. As a result, the formation of the proportions of the development of the country's economy is formed mainly on the decisions of enterprises on the volume of production of products and their offer to the market, taking into account the volume of demand and competitive interactions. It is impossible to make a quantitative forecast for either of them. This is the essence of the problem that requires research. The article, with reference to many literary sources, provides a justification for the possibility of using marketing as a management function to streamline the structure and content of large (national) economic systems and increase their efficiency.
所有问题可分为两类:需要解决的问题和需要研究的问题。第二类包括复杂的隐性问题,这些问题有时难以识别、指定、定义、描述和确定原因。在市场经济中,这就是确保生产和消费的比例问题,无论是在国家经济的总体中,还是在单独的商品流通中。市场条件下生产和销售基础设施的形成具有随机性,也就是说,它是以卖方和买方以及生产者之间自发互动的形式进行的。因此,国家经济发展比例的形成主要取决于企业在考虑到需求量和竞争互动的情况下对产品生产量和市场供应做出的决定。不可能对其中任何一项做出定量预测。这就是需要研究的问题的实质。文章参考了许多文献资料,论证了将市场营销作为一种管理职能来简化大型(国家)经济体系的结构和内容并提高其效率的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY OF REGIONS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT BY THE LEVEL OF INCOME AND PROPERTY POTENTIAL OF THE POPULATION 通过聚类分析解决西伯利亚联邦区按居民收入水平和财产潜力划分地区类型的问题
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202321
I. Maratkanova, E. A. Maslihova, M. A. Gubanischeva
The article presents the methodology and results of the typology of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in terms of the income and property potential of the population. The authors use the method of multivariate classification — cluster analysis, the application of which in this study was carried out in stages using the Statistica software package. To measure the level of income and property potential of the population, a system of indicators was used, including income, as well as the provision of movable and immovable property to the population. As a result, the authors identified three groups of regions with different levels of income and property potential of the population. An analysis was carried out in which each resulting cluster is compared with the average values for the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation, as well as for indicators of the income and property potential of the population. The authors focus on the significant heterogeneity of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in terms of income and property indicators and point out the need for a differentiated approach when making decisions in the field of evidence-based state policy and a long-term strategy for the dynamic growth of the welfare of the population.
文章介绍了根据人口收入和财产潜力对西伯利亚联邦区进行类型划分的方法和结果。作者采用了多元分类--聚类分析的方法,在本研究中使用 Statistica 软件包分阶段进行了应用。为了衡量居民的收入水平和财产潜力,使用了一套指标体系,包括收入以及向居民提供动产和不动产的情况。因此,作者确定了人口收入和财产潜力水平不同的三组地区。在分析过程中,作者将得出的各组数据与西伯利亚联邦区和俄罗斯联邦的平均值以及居民收入和财产潜力指标进行了比较。作者着重强调了西伯利亚联邦区各地区在收入和财产指标方面的显著差异,并指出在循证国家政策和人口福利动态增长长期战略领域做出决策时需要采取区别对待的方法。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT AND LEVEL OF POLLUTION OF THE TERRITORIES OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN 俄罗斯北极地区领土的发展和污染程度
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202316
L. Babkina, О. Skotarenko
The article considers the main groups of factors that have different directions and effects (positive and negative) on the level of pollution of the territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The authors refer to the first group the directions of creating a new and improving the existing infrastructure in the territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, ensuring the year-round operation of the Northern Sea Route as a promising international maritime highway, as well as factors that improve the production and economic conditions of the studied territory. The analysis of the fundamental documents for the development of the Arctic zone approved by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation is carried out, and the criteria for achieving the goals set by 31.12.2024 in national and federal projects to expand the infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route are highlighted. The authors attribute climatic factors to the second group of factors, which make it possible to create a year-round operation of the Northern Sea Route. The third group includes factors that allow attracting people from other regions for permanent and temporary residence. The fourth group includes factors characterizing the results of the integrated Clean Arctic program for cleaning the territories of the Arctic zone from various types of waste. In addition, the article discusses the activities of the program to clean up the territories of the Arctic Russian Federation from accumulated and newly formed man-made and household waste. The fifth group of factors characterizes the volume of financial support for environmental protection activities, plans and measures to clean up territories from pollution.
文章考虑了对俄罗斯联邦北极地区领土污染程度具有不同方向和影响(积极和消极)的主要因素组。作者认为,第一类因素是在俄罗斯联邦北极地区建立新的和改善现有基础设施的方向,确保 "北方航道 "作为有前途的国际海上高速公路的全年运行,以及改善所研究地区的生产和经济条件的因素。对俄罗斯联邦总统和政府批准的北极地区发展基本文件进行了分析,并强调了在 2024 年 12 月 31 日之前实现国家和联邦项目中确定的目标的标准,以扩大北方海路的基础设施。作者将气候因素归入第二类因素,这些因素使 "北方航道 "全年运行成为可能。第三类因素包括吸引其他地区的人永久或临时居住的因素。第四类因素包括 "清洁北极 "综合计划的成果特征,该计划旨在清除北极地区领土上的各类垃圾。此外,文章还讨论了清理俄罗斯联邦北极地区领土上累积的和新形成的人为和家庭垃圾的计划活动。第五组因素的特点是对环境保护活动、计划和措施的财政支持数量,以清除领土上的污染。
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引用次数: 0
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF PROVIDING THE COMPANY WITH SPECIAL SHOES BASED ON DATA ON ITS ISSUANCE AND INDICATORS OF IMPRORER PLANNING 根据发行数据和改进者规划指标,优化为公司提供特制鞋的程序
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202326
V. Senchenko, T. Kaverzneva
Timely and full provision of employees of enterprises with personal protective equipment is an important task in the occupational health and safety management system. Since the costs of large companies for the purchase of PPE amount to impressive amounts, companies seek to optimize costs by centralizing purchases and purchasing PPE at wholesale prices. As a result of centralized purchases, the purchase price of a unit of goods decreases, however, a number of problems arise when planning purchases related to the variety of anthropometric data of employees of the enterprise and the time lag for the supply of products. This article discusses the problems and approaches to solving them when providing employees with personal protective equipment for their feet (special shoes) on the example of PJSC «RTK». The data on the issue of shoes from the warehouse for 3 years are given, reflecting the picture of the deficit and surplus of the demand for standard sizes of the shoe range at the enterprise. Attempts have been made to analyze the available data array. Possible reasons and indicators of incorrect planning (provision) of PPE are formulated. Approaches to further development of optimization of PPE planning are proposed.
及时、全面地为企业员工提供个人防护设备是职业健康和安全管理系统中的一项重要任务。由于大型企业购买个人防护设备的费用高昂,因此企业通过集中采购和以批发价购买个人防护设备来优化成本。集中采购的结果是单位商品的采购价格下降,但在计划采购时会出现一些问题,这些问题与企业员工的各种人体测量数据和产品供应的时间滞后有关。 本文以 "RTK "股份公司为例,讨论了在为员工提供脚部个人防护设备(专用鞋)时出现的问题及解决方法。文章提供了 3 年来从仓库发放鞋子的数据,反映了企业对标准尺码鞋子的需求不足和过剩的情况。对现有数据进行了分析。提出了个人防护设备计划(提供)不正确的可能原因和指标。提出了进一步优化个人防护设备规划的方法。
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引用次数: 0
FOOD COMPLEX OF RUSSIA: ANALYTICAL REVIEW, RISKS AND THREATS, PRIORITIES AND PROSPECTS 俄罗斯粮食综合体:分析审查、风险和威胁、优先事项和前景
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202319
A. V. Kotarev, A. O. Kotareva, I. N. Vasilenko, D. Shaykin
Currently, Russia is facing unprecedented sanctions restrictions (at the beginning of 2023, more than 10.5 thousand), as well as military-political resistance from more than 50 developed countries of the world, led by the United States, EU member states, Canada, Japan and Australia. In this tense situation, it is important to maintain socio-economic, social and political stability. One of the key factors for the successful implementation of this strategic setting is the effective functioning of the country's food complex in the context of ensuring the necessary level of food, economic and national security. Russia has a high potential for the production of agricultural products, raw materials and food (natural and climatic, material and technological, research, innovation and investment, transport and logistics, personnel, organizational and managerial, regulatory and legal). About 55% of the world's chernozem, 1/5 of fresh water reserves are concentrated in our country, there are extensive forest areas that contain the negative effects of climate change, in addition, today Russia produces about 25 million tons (in active substance) of mineral fertilizers. Thus, the research topic is relevant and has a high level of perspective and utilitarian significance. The paper assessed the current state of the food supply of our country, noted the features and problematic aspects of the domestic agricultural market, also proposed promising solutions and highlighted strategic guidelines for the development of the domestic food complex of Russia.
目前,俄罗斯正面临着前所未有的制裁限制(2023 年初将超过 1.05 万项),以及来自以美国、欧盟成员国、加拿大、日本和澳大利亚为首的世界 50 多个发达国家的军事政治抵制。在这种紧张局势下,保持社会经济、社会和政治稳定至关重要。在确保必要的粮食、经济和国家安全水平的前提下,国家粮食综合体的有效运作是成功实施这一战略布局的关键因素之一。俄罗斯在农产品、原材料和食品生产(自然和气候、物质和技术、研究、创新和投资、运输和物流、人员、组织和管理、法规和法律)方面具有很大的潜力。世界上大约 55% 的矿物质和 1/5 的淡水储量都集中在我国,我国还有大面积的林区,这些林区受到气候变化的负面影响,此外,目前俄罗斯生产大约 2500 万吨(以有效物质计)矿物肥料。因此,该研究课题具有很强的现实意义和实用价值。论文评估了我国粮食供应的现状,指出了国内农业市场的特点和问题所在,还提出了有前景的解决方案,并强调了俄罗斯国内粮食综合体发展的战略方针。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF MEASURES OF STATE SUPPORT OF THE SOCIO-ORIENTED SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY DURING THE PANDEMIC 评估大流行病期间国家支持社会经济部门的措施
Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.14258/epb202323
M. V. Moroshkina, M. N. Utitsyna
The presented article evaluates the measures of state support for the socially oriented business during the pandemic. The purpose of the study is to assess its functioning and determine the most popular measures of state support. The object of the research is the entrepreneurial structures. The method of research, which is used to evaluate activities and examine the measures of state support used, is a survey. Questionnaire questions provide information about the development of the socially oriented sector and the measures of state support that are applied and used. As part of the survey, measures of state support entrepreneurship for the economy sector are assessed from the standpoint of being in demand during the pandemic. As a result of the study, differences were revealed in the individual support measures used by socially-oriented businesses at various time intervals of the pandemic. The most demanded measures and the most frequently used by the business sector the economy are identified. The results obtained make it possible to determine the differences in social and economic policy.
本文评估了大流行病期间国家对面向社会的企业的支持措施。研究的目的是评估其运作情况,并确定最受欢迎的国家支持措施。研究对象是企业结构。 用于评估活动和审查国家支持措施的研究方法是调查。问卷问题提供了有关面向社会的部门的发展情况以及适用和使用的国家支持措施的信息。作为调查的一部分,还从大流行病期间的需求角度评估了国家支持经济部门创业的措施。 研究结果表明,在大流行病的不同时间间隔内,面向社会的企业所使用的个别支持措施存在差异。确定了需求量最大的措施和经济部门最常使用的措施。研究结果有助于确定社会和经济政策的差异。
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引用次数: 0
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Economics Profession Business
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