Solar RRL最新文献

Single-junction Pb–Sn perovskite solar cells with a 1.24 eV bandgap have recently achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 23%, driven by advances in absorber passivation and interface engineering. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) due to its favorable conductivity and hole selectivity. However, its water-based processing is incompatible with inert glovebox conditions and can degrade the underlying perovskite in all-perovskite tandem architectures. Furthermore, the acidic and hygroscopic nature of PSS compromises long-term device stability, particularly for narrow-bandgap absorbers. To address these issues, an anisole-based PEDOT:PSS formulation (HTL4) with reduced PSS content was employed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed modified surface composition, enhancing hydrophobicity and perovskite film formation. Steady-state photoluminescence measurements of narrow-bandgap perovskite films deposited on the modified HTL exhibited a 60 mV increase in implied open-circuit voltage (iV_OC) compared to reference devices. Single-junction solar cells utilizing the modified HTL showed up to a 6% absolute efficiency gain, attributed to reduced series resistance and improved fill factor, as confirmed by Suns-V_OC and current–voltage analysis. Maximum power point tracking demonstrated enhanced stabilized efficiencies. All-perovskite tandem solar cells incorporating HTL4 exhibited both increased iV_OC and overall performance, outperforming tandem devices employing the standard HTL.

We investigate the perimeter losses in each sub-cell of a small area 2-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem device with poly-Si on oxide based bottom cell passivation. We vary the shaded diode areas by patterning them on the solar cell or using different aperture masks during J–V measurement. By numerical device simulations, we reveal a perimeter-induced open-circuit voltage reduction from 1912 to 1858 mV for our device geometries of 1 cm² aperture area on 6.25 cm²-sized silicon bottom cells. The largest part of ΔV_OC = 26 mV is attributed to recombination in the shaded silicon wafer. A V_OC loss of 14 mV is attributed to the shaded poly-Si diode. The shaded perovskite top cell induces a V_OC loss of 14 mV, if the perovskite total area is 1.44 cm² as in our current device. Our so far best in-house measured efficiency is 26.7%. Simulations show, that implementing our improved perovskite top cell and front fingers can increase the efficiency by about 2.6%_abs. and omitting the perimeter losses additional 1.2%_abs.. The investigation shows that shading losses are significant and thus have to be taken into account when experimentally assessing the efficiency potential of tandem cells on small area devices.

Buried interface imperfections and uncontrolled crystallization dynamics remain critical challenges that hinder the efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we present a molecular interface engineering strategy using potassium pyrophosphate (KPP) as an interlayer between the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) electron transport layer and the perovskite absorber. The bifunctional nature of KPP enables phosphate group anchoring onto TiO₂ and K⁺-mediated passivation of undercoordinated Pb²⁺ and I⁻ ions, simultaneously improving interfacial contact and suppressing nonradiative recombination. This interfacial coordination facilitates crystallization of perovskite films with larger grain sizes, reduced surface roughness, and suppressed PbI₂ residue, as confirmed by a series of analyses. As a result, KPP-modified PSCs exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.70%, with an enhanced open-circuit voltage of 1.17 V and minimal hysteresis. Furthermore, the devices maintain 83% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous operation under AM 1.5G illumination at the maximum power point. This study highlights the potential of buried interface coordination in simultaneously optimizing crystallization, defect passivation, and device stability, offering a promising and scalable approach toward high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.

Sequential deposition has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate the morphology of the active layer and enhance the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, conventional sequential methods often employ nonorthogonal solvents for the upper layer, leading to excessive donor–acceptor interpenetration, which compromises the mechanical properties and limits the flexibility of the active layers. Herein, we report a small-molecule/polymer blend acceptor strategy to construct a well-controlled P-i-N device architecture using orthogonal solvents to optimize the PCE and mechanical robustness simultaneously. The P-i-N devices exhibit a strong dependence on the upper-layer processing solvent, achieving a remarkable PCE of 18.67% and a crack-onset strain of 15.48%. In situ morphological and device analyses demonstrate that the enhanced crystallinity, more face-on orientation, and purer phases introduced by N2200 are beneficial for improving charge transport and decreasing bimolecular recombination in OSCs. Furthermore, the incorporation of polymer N2200 results in stable blend film nanostructures, thus improving the mechanical properties of the devices. These structural optimizations collectively suppress bimolecular recombination while enhancing both photovoltaic efficiency and mechanical robustness. This work provides a viable pathway toward high-performance and flexible OSCs for practical applications.

Vacuum-assisted crystallization is a promising strategy for large-area perovskite film formation, but the role of solvent environment in intermediate phase evolution under vacuum-assisted crystallization remains underexplored. In this work, two common mixed solvent systems—NMP/DMF and DMSO/DMF were systematically compared, aiming at investigating how their coordination characteristics affect film formation outcomes during vacuum-assisted crystallization. NMP/DMF results in a distinct intermediate phase and ultimately leads to perovskite films with uniform grains, smooth surface, lower defect densities, and enhanced optoelectronic properties compared to those obtained using DMSO/DMF. The optimized perovskite photovoltaic modules achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 19.14% (active area: 96.5 cm²). This study highlights the strong correlation between solvent coordination and crystallization behavior, providing useful insights for scalable production of high-performance perovskite modules via vacuum-assisted crystallization.

Single-atom catalysts, which feature atomically dispersed active sites that significantly enhance catalytic efficiency, still face persistent challenges in synthesis and stability. This study aims to develop efficient and stable highly dispersed materials as a promising alternative. Here, a new carbon nitride (UO) material with structure close to C₆N₇, where heptazine rings are connected via C–C bonds, was employed as a support. This material was further coupled with narrow-bandgap magnetic Fe₃O₄ to form an intimate contact interface, which promotes carrier separation and catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the extended conjugation in UO also facilitates broad spectral absorption and electron transport. In the visible-light-driven oxidation of benzylamine, the 4.8% Fe₃O₄/UO catalyst shows optimal performance, achieving a conversion rate of 97.6% within 6 h. This outstanding performance can be primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of high dispersion, efficient charge separation, and broad spectral response. Free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance spectroscopy confirmed that the primary active species are holes (h⁺) and superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻). This work provides a feasible strategy for constructing low-cost, easily synthesized, and stable highly dispersed catalysts, while also offering valuable insights for the design of efficient photocatalytic systems for benzylamine coupling reactions.

This paper investigates the design and performance of an air-based building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system for sloped roof applications using colored PV modules. Two colors (terracotta and gray) are evaluated through experimental testing under controlled laboratory conditions to assess the impact of surface color on system behavior. Mechanical ventilation effectively reduced PV temperature by up to 13°C (1.49 m/s channel air velocity), with terracotta modules exhibiting slightly higher temperatures mainly due to color reflectance differences. Thermal efficiencies ranged between 13.9–28.6% for the terracotta and 12.5–27.3% for the gray prototype. While the proposed system achieved thermal efficiencies comparable to those reported in previous studies, commonly used convective heat transfer correlations failed to capture the behavior of the system accurately. A new empirical correlation tailored to the examined setup is introduced. This work contributes to the advancement of knowledge on colored BIPV/T systems by demonstrating that colored PV modules integrated into mechanically ventilated roof assemblies can support significant heat recovery while providing architectural design flexibility. By enabling both electricity generation and thermal recovery, colored BIPV/T systems enhance the energy efficiency and perceived economic value of solar-integrated building envelopes, supporting sustainable building design and low-carbon construction practices.

The convergence of renewable energy technologies, environmental sustainability, and circular economy principles presents a strategic approach to addressing today's pressing ecological challenges. In this context, a novel ternary photocatalyst composite, CZN@XmM comprising CdS nanorods, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), and Ni(OH)₂ was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The stepwise fabrication involved the formation of CdS nanorods, growth of ZIF-8 to form a CdS/ZIF-8 hybrid, and integration of Ni(OH)₂ to complete the CdS/ZIF-8/Ni(OH)₂ (CZN@XmM) composite. This heterostructure is believed to be a S-scheme photocatalyst, exhibited superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance under simulated solar light. Among the CZN@XmM photocatalyst composite variants, CZN@25 mM showed the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 5.6 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, approximately six times greater than pristine CdS and an apparent quantum yield of 7.45%. Furthermore, photoelectrochemical analysis confirmed an efficient charge transfer mechanism between CdS and Ni(OH)₂, offering valuable insight into the composite's enhanced photocatalytic activity. This article presents a promising approach for engineering high-performance heterostructure photocatalysts and makes a significant contribution to the advancement of sustainable, solar-driven hydrogen production technologies.

Since the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for deep water, device stability has become critical. Although solar cells based on all-inorganic perovskite are a kind of device with wide application prospects due to the adjustable bandgap of the optical absorption layer material. At present, compared with organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs, there are still more unsolved problems. In this work, we introduce an organosilica nanodot (OSiND) with good electron transport ability as a complement to SnO₂. By mixing SnO₂ nanocrystals with smaller OSiNDs, a sandstone mixed structure is formed, which promotes carrier extraction and improves the crystal quality of the perovskite layer. Devices with better performance and significantly improved stability are obtained. Through the study on hybrid perovskite and the observation of device aging results under different conditions, it is proven that OSiNDs are of great significance to obtain better quality perovskite.

The stability and efficiency of inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remain limited owing to the presence of interfacial and bulk-related defects. To address this issue, a multifunctional defect-passivating interlayer can be introduced. In this study, 1,1′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-viologen (BSP-Vi) was synthesized for depositing a multifunctional interlayer between a TiO₂ electron transport layer (ETL) and CsPbI₃ perovskite absorber. The sulfonate group in BSP-Vi effectively interacts with both oxygen vacancies on the TiO₂ surface and undercoordinated Pb²⁺ species in the perovskite, leading to substantial defect passivation in both the ETL and perovskite absorber. BSP-Vi induces a favorable shift in interfacial energy levels and facilitates the formation of a perovskite film with improved crystallinity and reduced defect density. Consequently, the optimized PSC incorporating 0.2 wt% BSP-Vi achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.93%, representing a marked increase from that of the control (PCE = 16.08%). The maximum power point tracking test demonstrates that the PSC with BSP-Vi-treated interlayer maintained 95% of the initial performance after 160 h of continuous operation. This study highlights the potential of introducing sulfonate-group-based materials at the ETL/perovskite interface as a promising route to simultaneously passivate defects in and enhance the efficiency and stability of inorganic perovskite photovoltaic devices.