Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2021/v9/i3/st2103-001
Terry Thomas Luka, ayuba john tabakwot, H. Bello
Study on the Seroprevalence of Human Toxocara canis (T.canis) Antibody Titre using ELISA Technique was conducted in Six Government Hospitals (General Hospitals) of Adamawa State Nigeria, between the months of January to June 2018. Five Hundred and Sixty-four (564) whole blood samples were collected using non-randomised sampling technique for convenience. Five millilitres (5ml) of serum after separation of the whole blood was used for analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using Statistix 9. Results obtained from the study indicates that under care (Children under one year) had higher prevalence of 69.69%, while farmers had lower prevalence of 60.31%
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Human Toxoxcariasis in Relation to Socio-economic Status: A Case Study of Six Hospitals, Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Terry Thomas Luka, ayuba john tabakwot, H. Bello","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2021/v9/i3/st2103-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2021/v9/i3/st2103-001","url":null,"abstract":"Study on the Seroprevalence of Human Toxocara canis (T.canis) Antibody Titre using ELISA Technique was conducted in Six Government Hospitals (General Hospitals) of Adamawa State Nigeria, between the months of January to June 2018. Five Hundred and Sixty-four (564) whole blood samples were collected using non-randomised sampling technique for convenience. Five millilitres (5ml) of serum after separation of the whole blood was used for analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using Statistix 9. Results obtained from the study indicates that under care (Children under one year) had higher prevalence of 69.69%, while farmers had lower prevalence of 60.31%","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115675483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bioefficacy of leaf powder and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum were evaluated against the dry wood termite Cryptotermes brevis in concentrations of 20-60g (powder) and 20-60ml (extract) all in three replications. The investigation revealed that mortality of termites was directly proportional to concentration of extracts and exposure time. The leaf extract proved more potent than the powder. The leaf powder also brought about repellency of the termites as they were seen to gather away from the powder. In all, there was 100% mortality of the termites in both the powder and extract treatments though the extracts brought about optimal mortality of termites in recorded time of four hours as against the powder of six hours respectively. Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum leaves revealed the presence of the secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloid and saponins working independently or synergistically to bring about the positive control of the termites. Therefore O. gratissimum should be included in traditional pest management and control systems especially in the effective control of structural insect pests since it is locally available, affordable, not toxic and environment friendly.
{"title":"Bioefficacy of Extracts of Ocimum Gratissimum Leaves on Dry Wood Termites Cryptotermes Brevis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)","authors":"Bobmanuel, Rosetta Bekinwari, Ukoroije, Rosemary Boate","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-001","url":null,"abstract":"The bioefficacy of leaf powder and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum were evaluated against the dry wood termite Cryptotermes brevis in concentrations of 20-60g (powder) and 20-60ml (extract) all in three replications. The investigation revealed that mortality of termites was directly proportional to concentration of extracts and exposure time. The leaf extract proved more potent than the powder. The leaf powder also brought about repellency of the termites as they were seen to gather away from the powder. In all, there was 100% mortality of the termites in both the powder and extract treatments though the extracts brought about optimal mortality of termites in recorded time of four hours as against the powder of six hours respectively. Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum leaves revealed the presence of the secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloid and saponins working independently or synergistically to bring about the positive control of the termites. Therefore O. gratissimum should be included in traditional pest management and control systems especially in the effective control of structural insect pests since it is locally available, affordable, not toxic and environment friendly.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130475254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-017
Eka Sastrawati, M. Rusdi, Kamid ., J. Marzal
{"title":"Type of Personality Analysis in Solving Mathematical Problems Reviewed from the Metacognitive Perspective","authors":"Eka Sastrawati, M. Rusdi, Kamid ., J. Marzal","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130968305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-024
Kehinde Alabi
the success and sustainability of Mini-grids Developing Countries that Mini-grids viable solution to energy access problems for persons living without electricity supply and those living poorly supplied areas Based the NERC with a regulation mini-grids set they relate operate the jurisdiction the Distribution Licensees exclusive Abstract: The NERC 2016 Mini-grid regulations since coming into force has received very little academic attention. This paper provides an evaluation of mini-grid technology, policy and regulatory framework in Nigeria using NERC classification. The study utilized one primary study area (Aba-Gbooro), and 37 secondary locations, one in each of the 36 states of the Federation and one in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Two load profile scenarios were considered: the base case load and a second scenario that incorporated Anchor and Business load at the same peak load. The paper utilized HOMER for the simulation using Solar PV (PV)), Diesel Generator(G), Storage Battery(B), Converter (C) and Hydro (H). The Hybrid of PV+G+B+C architecture was recommended for 25 states while for 11 states with mini hydro (H) potential, hybrid of PV+G+B+C+H was recommended for few locations with hydro potentials. The LCOE for the PV+G+B+C at 25% interest rate was $0.481, higher than for the PV+G+B+C+H with LCOE of $0.302 for the same load profile. The LCOE was also found to be higher at higher interest rates. Renewable energy (RE) penetration also increased with lower interest rates. Subsidy as high as 75% (on capital costs only) did not lead to tariff parity with the grid. The paper then made a case for feed-in tariff as a complementary policy to increase investment in mini-grid and increase RE penetration. Anchor and Business load gave rise to increase in the load factor from 0.4 to 0.86 and resulted in lower LCOE compared to the base case. This suggests stronger SME initiative support in the rural areas is germane for mini-grid development.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mini-Grid Technology, Policy and Regulatory Framework in Nigeria","authors":"Kehinde Alabi","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-024","url":null,"abstract":"the success and sustainability of Mini-grids Developing Countries that Mini-grids viable solution to energy access problems for persons living without electricity supply and those living poorly supplied areas Based the NERC with a regulation mini-grids set they relate operate the jurisdiction the Distribution Licensees exclusive Abstract: The NERC 2016 Mini-grid regulations since coming into force has received very little academic attention. This paper provides an evaluation of mini-grid technology, policy and regulatory framework in Nigeria using NERC classification. The study utilized one primary study area (Aba-Gbooro), and 37 secondary locations, one in each of the 36 states of the Federation and one in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Two load profile scenarios were considered: the base case load and a second scenario that incorporated Anchor and Business load at the same peak load. The paper utilized HOMER for the simulation using Solar PV (PV)), Diesel Generator(G), Storage Battery(B), Converter (C) and Hydro (H). The Hybrid of PV+G+B+C architecture was recommended for 25 states while for 11 states with mini hydro (H) potential, hybrid of PV+G+B+C+H was recommended for few locations with hydro potentials. The LCOE for the PV+G+B+C at 25% interest rate was $0.481, higher than for the PV+G+B+C+H with LCOE of $0.302 for the same load profile. The LCOE was also found to be higher at higher interest rates. Renewable energy (RE) penetration also increased with lower interest rates. Subsidy as high as 75% (on capital costs only) did not lead to tariff parity with the grid. The paper then made a case for feed-in tariff as a complementary policy to increase investment in mini-grid and increase RE penetration. Anchor and Business load gave rise to increase in the load factor from 0.4 to 0.86 and resulted in lower LCOE compared to the base case. This suggests stronger SME initiative support in the rural areas is germane for mini-grid development.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141219689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-012
Nabila Mansouri, Hana Bougueddima, Y. Jemaa
: Age estimation has lots of real-world applications, such as security control, biometrics, customer relationship management, entertainment and cosmetology. In fact, Face-based age estimation has gained wide popularity in recent years. Despite numerous research efforts and advances in the last decade, traditional human age-group recognition with the sequence of 2D colour images is still a challenging problem. Thus, the goal of this work is to recognize human age-group only using depth maps without additional joints information. As a practical solution, we present a novel representation of global appearance of aging effect such as wrinkles’ depth. The proposed framework relay, first-of-all, on an extended version of Viola-Jones algorithm for face and region of interest (most affected by aging) extraction. Then, two depth descriptors are proposed in order to extract efficient age characterization and track aging effect evolutions. These descriptors mean to compute the depth variances from the interest face’s regions in the first time and track the 3D gradients orientation on these regions. Such features describe local appearances and shapes of the depth map, for more compact and discriminative aging effect representation. Experimental study performed on large 3D databases integrating age-group variations proves the performances of using depth features to enhance previous age estimation results. The presented methods have been also, compared with the state-of-the-art 2D-approaches. Results demonstrate that our descriptors achieve better and more stable performances.
:年龄估计在现实世界中有很多应用，如安全控制、生物识别、客户关系管理、娱乐和美容。事实上，基于人脸的年龄估计近年来受到广泛欢迎。尽管在过去十年中进行了大量研究并取得了进展，但传统的利用二维彩色图像序列进行人类年龄组识别仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。因此，这项工作的目标是仅使用深度图识别人类年龄组，而不需要额外的关节信息。作为一种切实可行的解决方案，我们提出了一种新颖的衰老效应（如皱纹深度）全局外观表示法。首先，我们提出的框架采用了扩展版的 Viola-Jones 算法，用于提取人脸和感兴趣区域（受衰老影响最大的区域）。然后，提出了两种深度描述符，以提取有效的年龄特征并跟踪衰老效应的演变。这些描述符意味着要在第一时间计算出感兴趣的人脸区域的深度方差，并跟踪这些区域的三维梯度方向。这些特征描述了深度图的局部外观和形状，使老化效果的表示更加紧凑、更具区分度。在整合了年龄组变化的大型 3D 数据库上进行的实验研究证明，使用深度特征可以提高之前的年龄估计结果。所提出的方法还与最先进的二维方法进行了比较。结果表明，我们的描述符具有更好、更稳定的性能。
{"title":"Efficient Depth Features for Age-Group Classification","authors":"Nabila Mansouri, Hana Bougueddima, Y. Jemaa","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-012","url":null,"abstract":": Age estimation has lots of real-world applications, such as security control, biometrics, customer relationship management, entertainment and cosmetology. In fact, Face-based age estimation has gained wide popularity in recent years. Despite numerous research efforts and advances in the last decade, traditional human age-group recognition with the sequence of 2D colour images is still a challenging problem. Thus, the goal of this work is to recognize human age-group only using depth maps without additional joints information. As a practical solution, we present a novel representation of global appearance of aging effect such as wrinkles’ depth. The proposed framework relay, first-of-all, on an extended version of Viola-Jones algorithm for face and region of interest (most affected by aging) extraction. Then, two depth descriptors are proposed in order to extract efficient age characterization and track aging effect evolutions. These descriptors mean to compute the depth variances from the interest face’s regions in the first time and track the 3D gradients orientation on these regions. Such features describe local appearances and shapes of the depth map, for more compact and discriminative aging effect representation. Experimental study performed on large 3D databases integrating age-group variations proves the performances of using depth features to enhance previous age estimation results. The presented methods have been also, compared with the state-of-the-art 2D-approaches. Results demonstrate that our descriptors achieve better and more stable performances.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141219729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-002
Charles Enweugwu, Aghogho Monorien, A. Dosunmu, I. Mbeledogu
: In Nigeria, trunk lines are owned by few International Oil and Gas Companies and they are shared by independent producers, marginal field operation and some JV partners. Crude oil losses occur in these trunk lines due to use of wide range of non-compliant meters by the suppliers of crude to the trunk lines and leakages due to sabotage, aged pipeline and valve failures. These losses must be distributed among the suppliers of crude to the line (injectors). The Interim Methodology which apportioned 62% of the crude losses to measurement error and 38% to theft was promptly rejected by injectors and was replaced by the Reverse Mass balance methodology(RMBM). Less than two years of the RMBM’s implementation, injectors are petitioning the DPR about unfair deductions by the trunk line owners. The aim of this research therefore is to highlight the issues with the RMBM and discuss alternatives. This study identified two alternatives to the RMBM, the use of Artificial Intelligence and Flow based models. This study found that flow based models account for both individual and group losses, unaccounted for in the RMBM, and allocates and corrects for leak volumes at the point of leak instead of at the terminal. This is a significant improvement from the RMBM, however, AI techniques, PSO and Genetic Algorithm, are purported to perform better for leak allocation.
{"title":"The Reverse Mass Balance Method for Distribution of Trunk Line Crude Oil Losses: Issues, Alternatives, and Recommendations","authors":"Charles Enweugwu, Aghogho Monorien, A. Dosunmu, I. Mbeledogu","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-002","url":null,"abstract":": In Nigeria, trunk lines are owned by few International Oil and Gas Companies and they are shared by independent producers, marginal field operation and some JV partners. Crude oil losses occur in these trunk lines due to use of wide range of non-compliant meters by the suppliers of crude to the trunk lines and leakages due to sabotage, aged pipeline and valve failures. These losses must be distributed among the suppliers of crude to the line (injectors). The Interim Methodology which apportioned 62% of the crude losses to measurement error and 38% to theft was promptly rejected by injectors and was replaced by the Reverse Mass balance methodology(RMBM). Less than two years of the RMBM’s implementation, injectors are petitioning the DPR about unfair deductions by the trunk line owners. The aim of this research therefore is to highlight the issues with the RMBM and discuss alternatives. This study identified two alternatives to the RMBM, the use of Artificial Intelligence and Flow based models. This study found that flow based models account for both individual and group losses, unaccounted for in the RMBM, and allocates and corrects for leak volumes at the point of leak instead of at the terminal. This is a significant improvement from the RMBM, however, AI techniques, PSO and Genetic Algorithm, are purported to perform better for leak allocation.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141219747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-
Kehinde Alabi
: About 40% of Nigerians lack access to electricity, mostly in the rural areas. On the other hand, reliability of supply in the urban centers connected to the national grid is also problem. This paper examines the technical and economic feasibility of mini grids in urban locations in Nigeria. Issues impeding investment in mini-grids were highlighted and necessary policies and regulatory framework for mini-grid to thrive were proffered. The renewable energy (RE) penetration potential for mini grids were highlighted in addition to the critical economic parameters, which are of interest to investors: Return on Investment (ROI), Payback and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), etc. The results of the research showed that about 30% of renewable energy penetration is achievable with mini grid adoption in addition to the potential it holds towards bridging the energy supply gap in Nigeria. The results of the study also showed that Solar PV with Battery storage were the only means of renewable energy utilization for the recommended mini grid configuration because the wind speed for the study area was found to be too low to support utility scale electricity generation and the area does not have mini hydro potential. Mini grid from the study also showed good potential for reduction of harmful emissions like the CO, CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , particulate matter and unburnt hydrocarbons.
{"title":"Techno-Economic Simulation and Analysis of Mini-grid for Underserved Urban Location in Nigeria","authors":"Kehinde Alabi","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-","url":null,"abstract":": About 40% of Nigerians lack access to electricity, mostly in the rural areas. On the other hand, reliability of supply in the urban centers connected to the national grid is also problem. This paper examines the technical and economic feasibility of mini grids in urban locations in Nigeria. Issues impeding investment in mini-grids were highlighted and necessary policies and regulatory framework for mini-grid to thrive were proffered. The renewable energy (RE) penetration potential for mini grids were highlighted in addition to the critical economic parameters, which are of interest to investors: Return on Investment (ROI), Payback and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), etc. The results of the research showed that about 30% of renewable energy penetration is achievable with mini grid adoption in addition to the potential it holds towards bridging the energy supply gap in Nigeria. The results of the study also showed that Solar PV with Battery storage were the only means of renewable energy utilization for the recommended mini grid configuration because the wind speed for the study area was found to be too low to support utility scale electricity generation and the area does not have mini hydro potential. Mini grid from the study also showed good potential for reduction of harmful emissions like the CO, CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , particulate matter and unburnt hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141219996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-023
Hellen Ngunya Mutua
: In this study, reinforced and non – reinforced High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) samples gave different ultraviolet transmittance rates. The reinforced composites were differently coloured and were prepared by mixing reinforces and HDPE samples in the ratios of 15:85 and 30:70 respectively. Reinforcers used include, Cassava flour, coconut husks flour and oak tree flour. Samples were rectangular. Two sets of HDPE samples were used to obtain the results presented in this paper. Samples used were of different thickness. The said materials are used to make containers used for storage of components like cooking oil, cosmetics among others. Less thick samples used were yellow (60.59 x12.24 x1.77 mm), white (61.64 x14.49x1.07 mm), transparent (59.65 x 11.95 x 0.93 mm) and black (59.44 x 13.03 x 1.24 mm) in colour and dimensions. The thicker samples were yellow (60.26 x 13.7 x 2.36 mm), white (61.16 x 11.36 x 1.90 mm), transparent (59.1 x 13.43 x 2.03 mm) and black (61.06 x15.35 x2.76 mm) in colour and dimensions. UV lamp (254 nm) used to illuminate the study samples was 20 cm from the aperture of the Spectro -320 where samples were placed. Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) - 320 was used to study the UV transmittance of the samples. The transmittance difference in terms of percentage was represented using bar graphs. The results show that the reinforcers have a reducing effect on UV transmittance rate. As the reinforcer content increases, the UV transmittance rate decreases. This was verified by change in reinforcer - HDPE ratio from 0:100, 15:85 and 30:70.
:在这项研究中，增强型和非增强型高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）样品具有不同的紫外线透过率。增强复合材料的颜色各不相同，其制备方法是将增强材料和高密度聚乙烯样品分别按 15:85 和 30:70 的比例混合。使用的增强材料包括木薯粉、椰子壳粉和橡树粉。样品呈长方形。本文使用两组高密度聚乙烯样品得出结果。所用样品厚度不同。上述材料用于制造储存食用油、化妆品等成分的容器。所用厚度较小的样品在颜色和尺寸上分别为黄色（60.59 x 12.24 x 1.77 毫米）、白色（61.64 x 14.49 x 1.07 毫米）、透明（59.65 x 11.95 x 0.93 毫米）和黑色（59.44 x 13.03 x 1.24 毫米）。较厚样品的颜色和尺寸分别为黄色（60.26 x 13.7 x 2.36 毫米）、白色（61.16 x 11.36 x 1.90 毫米）、透明（59.1 x 13.43 x 2.03 毫米）和黑色（61.06 x 15.35 x2.76 毫米）。用于照亮研究样品的紫外灯（254 纳米）距离放置样品的 Spectro -320 光圈 20 厘米。光学光谱分析仪（OSA）- 320 用于研究样品的紫外线透过率。透射率差异的百分比用条形图表示。结果表明，强化剂会降低紫外线透过率。随着强化剂含量的增加，紫外线透过率会降低。强化剂与高密度聚乙烯的比例从 0:100、15:85 到 30:70 的变化验证了这一点。
{"title":"Ultraviolet Transmittance of Reinforced and Non - Reinforced High Density Polythylene Samples","authors":"Hellen Ngunya Mutua","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i3/st2003-023","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, reinforced and non – reinforced High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) samples gave different ultraviolet transmittance rates. The reinforced composites were differently coloured and were prepared by mixing reinforces and HDPE samples in the ratios of 15:85 and 30:70 respectively. Reinforcers used include, Cassava flour, coconut husks flour and oak tree flour. Samples were rectangular. Two sets of HDPE samples were used to obtain the results presented in this paper. Samples used were of different thickness. The said materials are used to make containers used for storage of components like cooking oil, cosmetics among others. Less thick samples used were yellow (60.59 x12.24 x1.77 mm), white (61.64 x14.49x1.07 mm), transparent (59.65 x 11.95 x 0.93 mm) and black (59.44 x 13.03 x 1.24 mm) in colour and dimensions. The thicker samples were yellow (60.26 x 13.7 x 2.36 mm), white (61.16 x 11.36 x 1.90 mm), transparent (59.1 x 13.43 x 2.03 mm) and black (61.06 x15.35 x2.76 mm) in colour and dimensions. UV lamp (254 nm) used to illuminate the study samples was 20 cm from the aperture of the Spectro -320 where samples were placed. Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) - 320 was used to study the UV transmittance of the samples. The transmittance difference in terms of percentage was represented using bar graphs. The results show that the reinforcers have a reducing effect on UV transmittance rate. As the reinforcer content increases, the UV transmittance rate decreases. This was verified by change in reinforcer - HDPE ratio from 0:100, 15:85 and 30:70.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141219502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-02DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-008
B. Raharjo
as consideration in determining the more effective sales and marketing strategy. Product arrangement at Anterah store at the moment is based on product group which has the same type and no analysis about the correlation between the products bought by consumers to arrange those products in the store. Product placement that has associative correlation to declare that the product at the same time is bought by consumers become important to be done. With the product at the right product arrangement, which is by arranging the layout of the product which are bought at the same time by consumers nearby, they can choose and take the products without looking for them in the different location (it takes more time for the consumers). Abstract: In the first quarter of 2017, the retail market in Indonesia increased 2.5% while in 2018 the growth was only around 1% -1.5%. The cause of this slow growth was the shift of the patterns of society consumption and it was still continuing in the early 2018. Besides that, it was also because of the decrease in productivity in the lower-class society. As a retail store, Anterah shop was also dealing with the same problem so that the analysis of the most sold product and how to figure out the correlation between the product bought by consumers are needed to anticipate a decline in sales. Associative correlation between these products will be used as the basic of the product arrangement, so that the frequency of products which are bought most frequently by consumers at the same time can be arranged nearby to make the consumers get the product quickly. Market basket analysis to figure out the correlation between the product which are sold at the same time, Association Rule Mining is issued, it will produce the product which will be bought at the same time as the consideration of product arrangement in the store of Anterah retail store. Meanwhile, the most sold product which will be mined by using Frequent Pattern Growth method so that the rating list of the most sold products will be obtained. This analysis is used as the background in considering product promotion. Test results on the sales sample data is shown as follows: minimum support = 0.0025, minimum confidence = 0.610, LaPlace = 0.9985, Gain = -0.006, p-s = 0.003, Lift = 103.82, Convicting 2.5285 with processing time 41.456 seconds. two products that are purchased at the same time. They are products like granulated sugar, Indomie (instant noodle), toothpaste, milk,
{"title":"The Use of Association Rule Mining in Determining Price, Promotion, Stock, and Product Arrangement in Store","authors":"B. Raharjo","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-008","url":null,"abstract":"as consideration in determining the more effective sales and marketing strategy. Product arrangement at Anterah store at the moment is based on product group which has the same type and no analysis about the correlation between the products bought by consumers to arrange those products in the store. Product placement that has associative correlation to declare that the product at the same time is bought by consumers become important to be done. With the product at the right product arrangement, which is by arranging the layout of the product which are bought at the same time by consumers nearby, they can choose and take the products without looking for them in the different location (it takes more time for the consumers). Abstract: In the first quarter of 2017, the retail market in Indonesia increased 2.5% while in 2018 the growth was only around 1% -1.5%. The cause of this slow growth was the shift of the patterns of society consumption and it was still continuing in the early 2018. Besides that, it was also because of the decrease in productivity in the lower-class society. As a retail store, Anterah shop was also dealing with the same problem so that the analysis of the most sold product and how to figure out the correlation between the product bought by consumers are needed to anticipate a decline in sales. Associative correlation between these products will be used as the basic of the product arrangement, so that the frequency of products which are bought most frequently by consumers at the same time can be arranged nearby to make the consumers get the product quickly. Market basket analysis to figure out the correlation between the product which are sold at the same time, Association Rule Mining is issued, it will produce the product which will be bought at the same time as the consideration of product arrangement in the store of Anterah retail store. Meanwhile, the most sold product which will be mined by using Frequent Pattern Growth method so that the rating list of the most sold products will be obtained. This analysis is used as the background in considering product promotion. Test results on the sales sample data is shown as follows: minimum support = 0.0025, minimum confidence = 0.610, LaPlace = 0.9985, Gain = -0.006, p-s = 0.003, Lift = 103.82, Convicting 2.5285 with processing time 41.456 seconds. two products that are purchased at the same time. They are products like granulated sugar, Indomie (instant noodle), toothpaste, milk,","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127081784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-020
Y. S. Itas, C. Ndikilar, T. Zangina
This review on the different methods of synthesis and characterization techniques of carbon nanotubes was done via precise consultations of different works on carbon nanotubes and the recent developments made in the process. Understanding of the total properties of carbon nanotubes still remain limited due to their novel characterized features such as high strength, high young’s moduli, high thermal and electrical conductivities and many more uncountable features that are yet to be discovered. This paper summarizes the most adopted method of synthesis and the most adopted technique of characterization of CNTs and highlighted the reason why these methods and techniques are considered best. The review however recommends further reviews on CNTs as information of the complete and reliable method and technique remained the major challenge.
{"title":"Carbon Nanotubes: A Review of Synthesis and Characterization Methods/Techniques","authors":"Y. S. Itas, C. Ndikilar, T. Zangina","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-020","url":null,"abstract":"This review on the different methods of synthesis and characterization techniques of carbon nanotubes was done via precise consultations of different works on carbon nanotubes and the recent developments made in the process. Understanding of the total properties of carbon nanotubes still remain limited due to their novel characterized features such as high strength, high young’s moduli, high thermal and electrical conductivities and many more uncountable features that are yet to be discovered. This paper summarizes the most adopted method of synthesis and the most adopted technique of characterization of CNTs and highlighted the reason why these methods and techniques are considered best. The review however recommends further reviews on CNTs as information of the complete and reliable method and technique remained the major challenge.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133234136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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