Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-007
Isa Muhammad Zumo, M. Galadima, B. A. Abatcha, Abdullahi Dauda Waziri
This study uses statistical analysis and identifies viable, suitable, reliable criteria that can be adopted for the establishing grazing areas in Yobe state of Nigeria that can completely eliminate or at least prevent conflicts between the herdsmen and the farming communities. It reveals the ambiguity of what type of grazing land policy is needed vs. what type of grazing land policy is possible and give insights into suitability or not suitability of sitting it. Four hundred sample data was used for the study. From the survey, 38.8% of respondents prefer private ranching as against the present government grazing reserve for establishing grazing lands and it should be sited in each senatorial district of the state. The grazing area to be allocated should not be less than 900km2 in size. The study further reveals that there is a significant relationship between frequency of conflict verses frequency of herdsmen migration and education background. Further scientific research was recommended that can use remotely sensed images and topographical maps for the studying the grass above-ground biomass productivity and spatial distribution in the grazing areas so that the carrying capacities of the grazing reserves will be determined.
{"title":"Suitability Site Selection Analysis for Grazing Areas in Yobe State, Nigeria","authors":"Isa Muhammad Zumo, M. Galadima, B. A. Abatcha, Abdullahi Dauda Waziri","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-007","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses statistical analysis and identifies viable, suitable, reliable criteria that can be adopted for the establishing grazing areas in Yobe state of Nigeria that can completely eliminate or at least prevent conflicts between the herdsmen and the farming communities. It reveals the ambiguity of what type of grazing land policy is needed vs. what type of grazing land policy is possible and give insights into suitability or not suitability of sitting it. Four hundred sample data was used for the study. From the survey, 38.8% of respondents prefer private ranching as against the present government grazing reserve for establishing grazing lands and it should be sited in each senatorial district of the state. The grazing area to be allocated should not be less than 900km2 in size. The study further reveals that there is a significant relationship between frequency of conflict verses frequency of herdsmen migration and education background. Further scientific research was recommended that can use remotely sensed images and topographical maps for the studying the grass above-ground biomass productivity and spatial distribution in the grazing areas so that the carrying capacities of the grazing reserves will be determined.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115142291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-017
Charles Enweugwu, Aghogho Monorien, A. Dosunmu
The overall aim of this research is to investigate whether Nigeria has enough gas to meet her domestic and export commitments in the next 30 or more years. This study is significant to the Department of Petroleum Resources, DPR, as custodian of oil and gas data and would help the DPR develop a policy plan that will ensure sustainable supply. In this study, Hubbert and Gaussian curve fitting models were used for predicting natural gas production while Logistic and Linear curve fitting models were used for predicting natural gas utilization. The case 2 Hubbert Logistic model predicted that a gap between production and utilization would occurs in 2027 and natural gas reserves will become exhausted by the year 2150. Result showed that Nigeria may fail to meet its gas commitment without the discovery of new reserves and the development of gas infrastructure
{"title":"Nigeria’s Natural Gas Utilization and Sustainability of Supply","authors":"Charles Enweugwu, Aghogho Monorien, A. Dosunmu","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-017","url":null,"abstract":"The overall aim of this research is to investigate whether Nigeria has enough gas to meet her domestic and export commitments in the next 30 or more years. This study is significant to the Department of Petroleum Resources, DPR, as custodian of oil and gas data and would help the DPR develop a policy plan that will ensure sustainable supply. In this study, Hubbert and Gaussian curve fitting models were used for predicting natural gas production while Logistic and Linear curve fitting models were used for predicting natural gas utilization. The case 2 Hubbert Logistic model predicted that a gap between production and utilization would occurs in 2027 and natural gas reserves will become exhausted by the year 2150. Result showed that Nigeria may fail to meet its gas commitment without the discovery of new reserves and the development of gas infrastructure","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"102 1 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130333937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-004
Nurudeen A. Raji, Rotimi O. Ogunleye, Ifeanyi A. Uzor
A vibration analysis of the lathe machine condition monitoring is presented. The machine gear train was modelled in SolidWorks and modal analysis was used to determine the vibration characteristics of the lathe machine gearbox, by determining the mode shapes and natural frequencies with the intention of estimating the resonance frequency below which the machine should be operated to prevent its failure. The vibration data were analysed using ANSYS and the gear train parameters such as its stiffness, mass and damping parameters were obtained from the analyses. First six natural frequencies were obtained between the range of 0-800 Hz. The six mode shapes were obtained at various natural frequencies and maximum deformation of (432.91 Hz, 402.52 mm), (482.75 Hz, 428.98 mm), (507.83 Hz, 526.07 mm), (544.16 Hz, 445.71 mm), (671.98 Hz, 944.32 mm), (735.11 Hz, 856.58 mm). The modal analysis showed that the system natural frequency is greater in the 6th mode. The system’s resonance frequency occurs at 126.01 dB at a natural frequency of 479.89 Hz. The resonance magnitude of the system limits the operating frequencies of the machine above which the system is considered not reliable for safe operation.
{"title":"Vibration Analysis for Lathe Machine Gearbox Train","authors":"Nurudeen A. Raji, Rotimi O. Ogunleye, Ifeanyi A. Uzor","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-004","url":null,"abstract":"A vibration analysis of the lathe machine condition monitoring is presented. The machine gear train was modelled in SolidWorks and modal analysis was used to determine the vibration characteristics of the lathe machine gearbox, by determining the mode shapes and natural frequencies with the intention of estimating the resonance frequency below which the machine should be operated to prevent its failure. The vibration data were analysed using ANSYS and the gear train parameters such as its stiffness, mass and damping parameters were obtained from the analyses. First six natural frequencies were obtained between the range of 0-800 Hz. The six mode shapes were obtained at various natural frequencies and maximum deformation of (432.91 Hz, 402.52 mm), (482.75 Hz, 428.98 mm), (507.83 Hz, 526.07 mm), (544.16 Hz, 445.71 mm), (671.98 Hz, 944.32 mm), (735.11 Hz, 856.58 mm). The modal analysis showed that the system natural frequency is greater in the 6th mode. The system’s resonance frequency occurs at 126.01 dB at a natural frequency of 479.89 Hz. The resonance magnitude of the system limits the operating frequencies of the machine above which the system is considered not reliable for safe operation.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-29DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-006
John K. Senu, M. Ackah, M. Addo, N. Zakaria, Ruby Torto, H. K. Agyeman, C. Annor
{"title":"Heavy Metals Contamination in Soils in and Around Some Selected Auto Mechanic Workshops in Ga East Municipal Assembly of Greater Accra Region, Ghana","authors":"John K. Senu, M. Ackah, M. Addo, N. Zakaria, Ruby Torto, H. K. Agyeman, C. Annor","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i2/st2002-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117010618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Web-Quest package as an instructional tool on the academic achievement of senior secondary school students learning QBASIC programming language. The study adopted a pretestposttest quasi-experimental design involving 80 students of senior school II computer science students. The independent variable was Web-Quest instruction package on one level (lecture method) as the control group. Data were collected using QBasic achievement test (QBAST). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for analyzing the obtained data. Our findings on mean achievement scores of students exposed to QBASICWQ showed that there are no significant differences in the mean achievement scores of students exposed to QBASICWQP, Post-test (61.78) and Pre-test (53.83). Findings on effects of Web-Quest package to that of lecture methods on SSII students’ achievement scores in learning programming (QBASIC) showed significant effects (f-cal= 3.341, df= 79, significant level = 0.00, P < 0.05). Finding based on the achievement level of the respondents was significant (High (70.63), Medium (54.60), and Low (39.00)). This showed that 50% of the students scored higher, which implies that WebQuest had an effect on students’ performance level because a large number of students performed better. Finding between male and female students’ performance after being exposed to (QBASICWQP) showed significant difference (F-cal= 51.550, df= 39, sig. level = 0.000, P < 0.05) in favour of the male students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that curriculum planners should work hand in hand with teachers to develop and evaluate the use of WebQuests for teaching QBasic programming language among others.
摘要本研究旨在探讨Web-Quest教学包对高中生学习QBASIC程式设计语言学习成绩的影响。本研究采用前测后测准实验设计，涉及80名高二计算机专业学生。自变量为一级Web-Quest教学包(授课法)作为对照组。采用QBasic成就测试(QBAST)收集数据。采用方差分析(ANOVA)和协方差分析(ANCOVA)对所得数据进行分析。我们对QBASICWQ接触学生的平均成就分数的调查结果显示，QBASICWQP接触学生的平均成就分数与测试后(61.78)和测试前(53.83)没有显著差异。Web-Quest教学包对sii学生编程(QBASIC)学习成绩的影响显著高于授课方式(f-cal= 3.341, df= 79，显著性水平= 0.00,P < 0.05)。根据被调查者的成就水平，结果是显著的(高(70.63)、中(54.60)、低(39.00))。这表明50%的学生得分更高，这意味着WebQuest对学生的表现水平有影响，因为大量学生表现得更好。男生与女生接触QBASICWQP后的表现有显著差异(F-cal= 51.550, df= 39, sig. level = 0.000, P < 0.05)。基于这些发现，建议课程规划者应该与教师携手合作，开发和评估webquest在QBasic编程语言教学中的应用。
{"title":"Effects of Computer Assisted Instruction on Computer Science Students’ Achievement and Performance Using Qbasic Web-Quest Package in A Nigerian Secondary School","authors":"Babatunde Abdullateef Eyitayo, Chukwuemeka Emeka Joshua, Godwin Augustine","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Web-Quest package as an instructional tool on the academic achievement of senior secondary school students learning QBASIC programming language. The study adopted a pretestposttest quasi-experimental design involving 80 students of senior school II computer science students. The independent variable was Web-Quest instruction package on one level (lecture method) as the control group. Data were collected using QBasic achievement test (QBAST). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for analyzing the obtained data. Our findings on mean achievement scores of students exposed to QBASICWQ showed that there are no significant differences in the mean achievement scores of students exposed to QBASICWQP, Post-test (61.78) and Pre-test (53.83). Findings on effects of Web-Quest package to that of lecture methods on SSII students’ achievement scores in learning programming (QBASIC) showed significant effects (f-cal= 3.341, df= 79, significant level = 0.00, P < 0.05). Finding based on the achievement level of the respondents was significant (High (70.63), Medium (54.60), and Low (39.00)). This showed that 50% of the students scored higher, which implies that WebQuest had an effect on students’ performance level because a large number of students performed better. Finding between male and female students’ performance after being exposed to (QBASICWQP) showed significant difference (F-cal= 51.550, df= 39, sig. level = 0.000, P < 0.05) in favour of the male students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that curriculum planners should work hand in hand with teachers to develop and evaluate the use of WebQuests for teaching QBasic programming language among others.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117215519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-015
E. Clarke, A. Jimoh, A. Adeboyejo
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been of great concern around the world owing to their chronic toxicity, persistence and bio-accumulation in aquatic organisms. The OCP concentrations were measured in water, sediment and shell fishes (Panaeus monodon and Callinectes pallidus) in Lagos State (Lagos lagoon and Badagry creek), between November 2018 and June 2019. The samples were analyzed for Alpha (HCH), Beta (HCH), Gamma (HCH), Delta (HCH), Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlor epoxide, Gamma chlordane, Endosulfan1 Alpha chlordane, Dieldrin, DDE, DDD, DDT, Endrin, Endosulfan II, Endrin Aldehyde, Endosulfan sulfate, Endrin ketone and Methoxychlor. The detection and determination of the pesticide residues were carried out by Gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The mean concentration of OCPs in water samples ranged from 0.150 ± 0.012μg/l (Alpha HCH) to 147.60 ± 10.810 μg/l (Endosufan II). The level of OCPs in sediment ranged from 0.150 ± 0.012 μg/kg (Alpha HCH) in Lagos lagoon to 243.500 ± 138.000 μg/kg (ppDDT) in Badagry creek. The highest mean concentration of OCPs in water and sediments were recorded in Lagos lagoon. The Concentration for shell fish ranged from 0.250 ± 0.009 μg/kg (Alpha HCH) in Lagos lagoon to 67.380 ± 22.860 μg/kg (Endosulfan II) in Badagry creek for Callinectes pallidus and from 1.310 ± 0.210 μg/kg (alpha HCH) to 143.500 ± 71.892 μg/kg (Eldrin Aldehyde) in Badagry creek for Penaeus monodon. Methoxychlor, Lindane and Aldrin were the commonly detected compounds in all the samples from both water bodies. The results showed that OCP levels in all shellfish samples analyzed were above the maximum acceptable limits of 0.01ppm (10 μg/kg) set by EU and Federal Ministry of Environment for aquatic life protection. The highest value was recorded in Penaeus monodon in Badagry creek. Indicating an urgent need for the monitoring of these pesticide residues in water, commercially important food species and the environment, as this will go a long way towards preventing various environmental and public health
{"title":"Organochlorine Pesticides in Callinectes Pallidus (Rochebrune, 1883) and Penaeus Monodon (Fabricius, 1798) from Lagos Lagoon and Badagry Creek, Lagos, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"E. Clarke, A. Jimoh, A. Adeboyejo","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-015","url":null,"abstract":"Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been of great concern around the world owing to their chronic toxicity, persistence and bio-accumulation in aquatic organisms. The OCP concentrations were measured in water, sediment and shell fishes (Panaeus monodon and Callinectes pallidus) in Lagos State (Lagos lagoon and Badagry creek), between November 2018 and June 2019. The samples were analyzed for Alpha (HCH), Beta (HCH), Gamma (HCH), Delta (HCH), Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlor epoxide, Gamma chlordane, Endosulfan1 Alpha chlordane, Dieldrin, DDE, DDD, DDT, Endrin, Endosulfan II, Endrin Aldehyde, Endosulfan sulfate, Endrin ketone and Methoxychlor. The detection and determination of the pesticide residues were carried out by Gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The mean concentration of OCPs in water samples ranged from 0.150 ± 0.012μg/l (Alpha HCH) to 147.60 ± 10.810 μg/l (Endosufan II). The level of OCPs in sediment ranged from 0.150 ± 0.012 μg/kg (Alpha HCH) in Lagos lagoon to 243.500 ± 138.000 μg/kg (ppDDT) in Badagry creek. The highest mean concentration of OCPs in water and sediments were recorded in Lagos lagoon. The Concentration for shell fish ranged from 0.250 ± 0.009 μg/kg (Alpha HCH) in Lagos lagoon to 67.380 ± 22.860 μg/kg (Endosulfan II) in Badagry creek for Callinectes pallidus and from 1.310 ± 0.210 μg/kg (alpha HCH) to 143.500 ± 71.892 μg/kg (Eldrin Aldehyde) in Badagry creek for Penaeus monodon. Methoxychlor, Lindane and Aldrin were the commonly detected compounds in all the samples from both water bodies. The results showed that OCP levels in all shellfish samples analyzed were above the maximum acceptable limits of 0.01ppm (10 μg/kg) set by EU and Federal Ministry of Environment for aquatic life protection. The highest value was recorded in Penaeus monodon in Badagry creek. Indicating an urgent need for the monitoring of these pesticide residues in water, commercially important food species and the environment, as this will go a long way towards preventing various environmental and public health","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132259886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-005
M. C. Abajue, B. B. Babatunde, S. I. Okwelogu
Improper dumping of solid wastes has detrimental impact on both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The macro-invertebrate fauna, resident in open dumps have recently drawn the attention of researchers on environmental health and safety. In Nigeria, solid wastes are regularly dumped in low-lying lands close to slums. Lack of sorting the wastes into different categories results in medical and hazardous wastes being mixed with household biodegradable solid wastes that serve as breeding sites for insects, vermin and scavengers. The dumps are capable of causing air, water and arthropod-borne diseases. Macro-invertebrates (centipedes, earthworms, insects, millipedes, pill bugs, snails and spiders,) of University of Port Harcourt dumps were collected with pitfall traps. Arthropods dominated in number in the dumps and are more diversified. The higher abundance of the arthropods and relatively representation of annelids and molluscs in all the dumps were attributed to ecological partitioning of the invertebrates and the dumps providing them suitable ground for habitation, feeding, reproduction and development. The health implications of the insect and other invertebrates were discussed. The international best practice of recovery, recycle, reuse and reduction in addition to use of incinerator and landfill systems in management solid wastes were recommended as blue print for the larger community of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
{"title":"Composition of Resident Macro-Invertebrates in Refuse Dumps at University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"M. C. Abajue, B. B. Babatunde, S. I. Okwelogu","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2020/v8/i1/st2001-005","url":null,"abstract":"Improper dumping of solid wastes has detrimental impact on both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The macro-invertebrate fauna, resident in open dumps have recently drawn the attention of researchers on environmental health and safety. In Nigeria, solid wastes are regularly dumped in low-lying lands close to slums. Lack of sorting the wastes into different categories results in medical and hazardous wastes being mixed with household biodegradable solid wastes that serve as breeding sites for insects, vermin and scavengers. The dumps are capable of causing air, water and arthropod-borne diseases. Macro-invertebrates (centipedes, earthworms, insects, millipedes, pill bugs, snails and spiders,) of University of Port Harcourt dumps were collected with pitfall traps. Arthropods dominated in number in the dumps and are more diversified. The higher abundance of the arthropods and relatively representation of annelids and molluscs in all the dumps were attributed to ecological partitioning of the invertebrates and the dumps providing them suitable ground for habitation, feeding, reproduction and development. The health implications of the insect and other invertebrates were discussed. The international best practice of recovery, recycle, reuse and reduction in addition to use of incinerator and landfill systems in management solid wastes were recommended as blue print for the larger community of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123857876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-005
E. Ughala, C. Ogugbue, G. Okpokwasili
: Introduction: Hydrocarbon pollution is of global concern because of it deleterious effect on the environment and on biodiversity. This study investigated the percentage of hydrocarbon loss through leaching during remediation and how organic-based nutrients impact leaching and the rate of hydrocarbon degradation. Methods: The investigation involved both microbiological and chemical methods. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was monitored using Gas chromatography – Flame ionization detection (GC - FID). Other physicochemical parameters analysed included, total organic carbon, nitrate, phosphate and the soil pH. Bacterial monitoring was based on a culture dependent assessment of both heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. The nutrients used as biostimulant were: soy bean waste, poultry droppings, NPK and a combined treatment of all nutrient sources. Results: Initial concentrations of TPH and PAHs in the oil-polluted leachate were 2648.3 mg/l and 6320 mg/l respectively while the baseline TPH concentration in the polluted soil was 48, 501 mg/kg. The baseline pH of 7.6 was optimal for microbial multiplication, however nutrient concentrations of nitrate (1.39 mg/kg) and phosphate (2.16 mg/kg) was low.HUB counts in the contaminated leachate was 8.5 x 10 6 (cfu/ml) while that of the pristine soil was 6.1 x 10 6 (cfu/ml). Approximately 6% of TPH and 6.7% of PAHs was lost through leaching from across all the setups during remediation. Nutrient amendment had no direct or significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on the rate of hydrocarbon loss via leaching. Treatment C had the fastest rate of hydrocarbon loss (0.0207 d -1 ) while the least rate of TPH removal (0.0144 d 1 ) was observed in the unamended control. Analysis of variance revealed there were significant differences (p = 0.001) in HUB counts between the nutrient amended treatments and the unamended control treatment. Also, HUB counts significantly correlated (p = 0.05 and R = - 0.83) with TPH removal in all the nutrient amended treatments Conclusion: The findings from this study will be useful in designing greener remediation strategies and for predicting loss of hydrocarbons via leaching during remediation.
烃类污染因其对环境和生物多样性的有害影响而受到全球关注。本研究考察了修复过程中烃类通过浸出损失的百分比，以及有机营养物如何影响浸出和烃类降解的速率。方法:采用微生物法和化学法进行调查。采用气相色谱-火焰电离检测法(GC - FID)对总石油烃(TPH)和多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了监测。分析的其他理化参数包括总有机碳、硝酸盐、磷酸盐和土壤ph。细菌监测是基于对异养细菌和利用烃细菌的培养依赖评估。用作生物刺激素的营养物为:大豆废料、家禽粪便、氮磷钾和所有营养源的联合处理。结果:油类污染渗滤液中TPH和PAHs初始浓度分别为2648.3 mg/l和6320 mg/l，污染土壤中TPH基线浓度分别为48、501 mg/kg。基线pH为7.6是微生物繁殖的最佳条件，但硝酸盐(1.39 mg/kg)和磷酸盐(2.16 mg/kg)的营养浓度较低。污染渗滤液中HUB含量为8.5 × 10.6 (cfu/ml)，而原始土壤中HUB含量为6.1 × 10.6 (cfu/ml)。在修复过程中，大约6%的TPH和6.7%的多环芳烃通过浸出损失。养分修正对浸出烃类损失率无直接或显著影响(p≤0.05)。处理C的烃类损失率最高(0.0207 d -1)，而未处理C的TPH去除率最低(0.0144 d -1)。方差分析显示，营养改良处理与未改良对照处理之间的HUB计数有显著差异(p = 0.001)。此外，在所有营养物处理中，HUB计数与TPH去除显著相关(p = 0.05, R = - 0.83)。结论:本研究的发现将有助于设计更环保的修复策略，并预测修复过程中碳氢化合物的浸出损失。
{"title":"Comparative Study of Bacterial Response to Nutrient Amendments and Hydrocarbon Removal through Leaching During Remediation","authors":"E. Ughala, C. Ogugbue, G. Okpokwasili","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-005","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction: Hydrocarbon pollution is of global concern because of it deleterious effect on the environment and on biodiversity. This study investigated the percentage of hydrocarbon loss through leaching during remediation and how organic-based nutrients impact leaching and the rate of hydrocarbon degradation. Methods: The investigation involved both microbiological and chemical methods. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was monitored using Gas chromatography – Flame ionization detection (GC - FID). Other physicochemical parameters analysed included, total organic carbon, nitrate, phosphate and the soil pH. Bacterial monitoring was based on a culture dependent assessment of both heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. The nutrients used as biostimulant were: soy bean waste, poultry droppings, NPK and a combined treatment of all nutrient sources. Results: Initial concentrations of TPH and PAHs in the oil-polluted leachate were 2648.3 mg/l and 6320 mg/l respectively while the baseline TPH concentration in the polluted soil was 48, 501 mg/kg. The baseline pH of 7.6 was optimal for microbial multiplication, however nutrient concentrations of nitrate (1.39 mg/kg) and phosphate (2.16 mg/kg) was low.HUB counts in the contaminated leachate was 8.5 x 10 6 (cfu/ml) while that of the pristine soil was 6.1 x 10 6 (cfu/ml). Approximately 6% of TPH and 6.7% of PAHs was lost through leaching from across all the setups during remediation. Nutrient amendment had no direct or significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on the rate of hydrocarbon loss via leaching. Treatment C had the fastest rate of hydrocarbon loss (0.0207 d -1 ) while the least rate of TPH removal (0.0144 d 1 ) was observed in the unamended control. Analysis of variance revealed there were significant differences (p = 0.001) in HUB counts between the nutrient amended treatments and the unamended control treatment. Also, HUB counts significantly correlated (p = 0.05 and R = - 0.83) with TPH removal in all the nutrient amended treatments Conclusion: The findings from this study will be useful in designing greener remediation strategies and for predicting loss of hydrocarbons via leaching during remediation.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121722623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-027
Yon Thannia Samat, S. Sukardi
There are many plants in folk medicine which are used as contraceptive or abortive agents during early pregnancy. Plumbago is a genus of 10-20 species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. Plumbagin is a natural product found in many plants. In this study, plumbagin was obtained from Plumbago rosea. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of plumbagin on pregnant Sprague dawley rats and to observed possible teratogenic effects to foetuses. Mated females were randomly assigned to different experimental groups and treated during mid pregnancy on gestation day (GD) 8-15. The treatment consisted of ingestion by gavage of 32.5 mg/kg per day of plumbagin. All the animals were observed for toxic effects, abortion, water and food consumption, and weighed daily to monitor toxicity throughout the experiment. The maternal weight gain was recorded during the entire pregnancy (total weight gain) and during the treatment period. On day 21 of pregnancy, females were sacrificed by chloroform poisoning, and their uteri removed by Caesarean section. Placenta were taken and weighed while the fetuses undergo fetal staining. The number of fetus was recorded and all fetuses were examined for obvious external malformations before subsequent processing. For skeletal examination, the numbers of skeletal elements were counted and any malformations or variations were recorded. Results were reported as means ± S.E.M. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan test and P<0.05 was considered significant. The results obtained showed that plumbagin has significantly decrease the body weights of pregnant rats when compared to control and olive oil groups where the weight of control, olive oil and plumbagin are 270.71±4.412, 242.75±2.767 and 219.02±1.932 respectively. There was no significant difference in fetal skeletal anomalies between control, olive oil and plumbagin groups. There is only one out of six (1/6) dams with pups in plumbagin group when compared to control and olive oil group which is six out of six (6/6) and five out of seven (5/7) respectively. This preliminary experiment suggests that plumbagin showed significant abortifacient activity in late pregnant Sprague dawley rats and cause acute toxicity to the dams by reducing its body weight without any teratogenic effects.
{"title":"Plumbagin Causes Abortive Effects When Fed to Pregnant Sprague Dawley Rats during the Late Gestation Period","authors":"Yon Thannia Samat, S. Sukardi","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-027","url":null,"abstract":"There are many plants in folk medicine which are used as contraceptive or abortive agents during early pregnancy. Plumbago is a genus of 10-20 species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. Plumbagin is a natural product found in many plants. In this study, plumbagin was obtained from Plumbago rosea. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of plumbagin on pregnant Sprague dawley rats and to observed possible teratogenic effects to foetuses. Mated females were randomly assigned to different experimental groups and treated during mid pregnancy on gestation day (GD) 8-15. The treatment consisted of ingestion by gavage of 32.5 mg/kg per day of plumbagin. All the animals were observed for toxic effects, abortion, water and food consumption, and weighed daily to monitor toxicity throughout the experiment. The maternal weight gain was recorded during the entire pregnancy (total weight gain) and during the treatment period. On day 21 of pregnancy, females were sacrificed by chloroform poisoning, and their uteri removed by Caesarean section. Placenta were taken and weighed while the fetuses undergo fetal staining. The number of fetus was recorded and all fetuses were examined for obvious external malformations before subsequent processing. For skeletal examination, the numbers of skeletal elements were counted and any malformations or variations were recorded. Results were reported as means ± S.E.M. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan test and P<0.05 was considered significant. The results obtained showed that plumbagin has significantly decrease the body weights of pregnant rats when compared to control and olive oil groups where the weight of control, olive oil and plumbagin are 270.71±4.412, 242.75±2.767 and 219.02±1.932 respectively. There was no significant difference in fetal skeletal anomalies between control, olive oil and plumbagin groups. There is only one out of six (1/6) dams with pups in plumbagin group when compared to control and olive oil group which is six out of six (6/6) and five out of seven (5/7) respectively. This preliminary experiment suggests that plumbagin showed significant abortifacient activity in late pregnant Sprague dawley rats and cause acute toxicity to the dams by reducing its body weight without any teratogenic effects.","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115763399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-002
F. M. Gouissi, Midogbo Pierre Gnohossou, Koudjodé Simon Abahi, Jeff Gildas Antoine Okoya, Darius Adje, Christelle Madina Tchaou, Zoulkanerou Orou Piami
{"title":"Influence of Water Physico-Chemical Parameters on the Distribution of the Communities of Macro invertebrates of Affon River in Bénin","authors":"F. M. Gouissi, Midogbo Pierre Gnohossou, Koudjodé Simon Abahi, Jeff Gildas Antoine Okoya, Darius Adje, Christelle Madina Tchaou, Zoulkanerou Orou Piami","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2019/v7/i12/st1912-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231256,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science & Technoledge","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129350169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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