Toxicology Reports最新文献_第8页

Nucleophosmin 1 induction is an early event in a Phenobarbital induced proliferation response in rat but not human liver 3D microtissues 核蛋白1的诱导是大鼠苯巴比妥诱导的增殖反应的早期事件，而不是人类肝脏3D显微组织

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102130

Matthew Elcombe, Stephanie Wallace, Simon Plummer

A key event in the process of rat but not human liver carcinogenesis caused by constitutive androstane receptor activators such as phenobarbital (PB) is hepatocyte proliferation, but the mechanism(s) underpinning this response is not fully understood. Previously we showed that rat liver microtissues (LiMTs) can recapitulate a PB-induced hepatocyte proliferation response (1). In this follow up study we used our microTMA technology coupled with transcriptomics and immunofluorescence (IF) staining to elucidate mechanisms of rat liver carcinogenesis in this model. We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on transcriptomics data generated from laser microdissected liver microtissue microTMA FFPE sections from control and PB-treated LiMTs against custom liver cell proliferation and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation signatures (2) and found that the former signature was significantly (q<0.25) enriched in rat but not human LiMT differentially expressed gene lists. This process also identified the cell proliferation gene nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) as being significantly induced (p < 0.05) in rat but not human LiMTs. IF staining of parallel microTMA FFPE sections coupled with quantitative image analysis confirmed that the NPM1 protein was induced by PB treatment in rat but not human liver microtissues after 24 and 48 hrs PB treatment. In conclusion we have identified induction of nuclear NPM1 expression as an early event in PB-induced rat hepatocyte cell proliferation.

组成型雄甾受体激活剂如苯巴比妥（PB）引起的大鼠（而非人类）肝癌发生过程中的一个关键事件是肝细胞增殖，但支持这种反应的机制尚不完全清楚。先前我们发现，大鼠肝微组织（LiMTs）可以重现pb诱导的肝细胞增殖反应(1)。在这项后续研究中，我们利用我们的微tma技术结合转录组学和免疫荧光（IF）染色来阐明该模型中大鼠肝癌的发生机制。我们对对照和pb处理的LiMT的激光微解剖肝组织microTMA FFPE切片生成的转录组学数据进行了基因集富集分析（GSEA），发现前者在大鼠中显著（q<0.25）富集，而在人类LiMT差异表达的基因列表中不富集。该过程还发现细胞增殖基因核磷蛋白1 （NPM1）在大鼠中被显著诱导（p <； 0.05），而在人类LiMTs中没有。平行microTMA FFPE切片IF染色结合定量图像分析证实，PB处理24和48小时后，大鼠肝脏组织中诱导了NPM1蛋白，而人肝脏组织中没有诱导NPM1蛋白。总之，我们已经确定诱导核NPM1表达是pb诱导的大鼠肝细胞增殖的早期事件。

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引用次数: 0

Accidental tamoxifen ingestion in a two-year-old child without major immediate symptoms: Case report 1例两岁儿童意外摄入他莫昔芬，无立即主要症状：病例报告

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102154

Alise D.E. de Groot , Willemien F.J. Hof , Hester van Meer , Niels de Vries , Daan J. Touw , Alwin D.R. Huitema , Paola Mian

Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator indicated for the treatment of breast cancer in adults. The recommended dose is 20 mg orally once daily. We report an accidental tamoxifen ingestion in a 2-year-old female who accessed the tamoxifen from a pill bottle stored in a bag while unsupervised. Activated charcoal and sodium sulphate were administered approximately 2.5 h after ingestion. Plasma concentrations of both tamoxifen and active metabolite endoxifen were determined. The maximum plasma concentration of tamoxifen was 53.8 ng/mL, occurring two hours after ingestion. In contrast, the plasma concentration of endoxifen measured at 22 h after ingestion was 0.771 ng/L, which is considered subtherapeutic in adults. However, given the prolonged half-life of endoxifen, the plasma levels may still be rising at this point. The ingested dose was estimated to be around 31–37 mg, based on the plasma levels of tamoxifen and endoxifen. The actual ingested amount may have been higher due to early oral administration of activated charcoal. No direct serious events occurred during a hospital admission of 31 h. Given the anti-oestrogen properties of tamoxifen and the critical role of oestrogen in pubertal development long-term follow-up is recommended to monitor potential delayed effects.

他莫昔芬是一种选择性雌激素受体调节剂，用于治疗成人乳腺癌。推荐剂量为20 毫克，每日口服一次。我们报告了一个意外的他莫昔芬摄入在一个2岁的女性谁从药瓶储存在一个袋子，而无人监督的他莫昔芬。在摄入后约2.5 h给予活性炭和硫酸钠。测定他莫昔芬和活性代谢物内啡肽的血浆浓度。他莫昔芬最大血药浓度为53.8 ng/mL，出现在服药后2 h。相比之下，在摄入后22 h测量的endoxifen血浆浓度为0.771 ng/L，这被认为是成人的亚治疗水平。然而，鉴于内氧芬的半衰期延长，此时血浆水平可能仍在上升。根据他莫昔芬和内多西芬的血浆水平，摄入剂量估计约为31-37 毫克。由于早期口服活性炭，实际摄入的量可能更高。31 h住院期间未发生直接严重事件。鉴于他莫昔芬的抗雌激素特性和雌激素在青春期发育中的关键作用，建议长期随访监测潜在的延迟效应。

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引用次数: 0

Protective role of baicalin against methylparaben-induced reproductive toxicity: Insights into hormonal and enzymatic regulation 黄芩苷对羟苯甲酸甲酯诱导的生殖毒性的保护作用：激素和酶调节的见解

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102113

Daniel Itiza Akaahan , Augustine Uche Agu , Nkemjika Chinyere Anyanwu , Vivian Onyinye Orjiako , Godson Emeka Anyanwu

Background

Methylparaben is a commonly used preservative in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries, valued for its antibacterial and antifungal effects. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have investigated its adverse effects on sperm count, testosterone levels, and reproductive organ weight. Baicalin, which comes from the dried roots of the plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a natural compound that may have various health benefits, such as reducing fibrosis, itching, bacteria, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer. This study investigated the effect of baicalin on the changes in male reproductive hormones and enzyme activity brought about by methylparaben.

Method

A total of forty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into nine distinct groups, each comprising five rats. Over a period of 28 days, these subjects were administered treatments via gastric gavage, which included distilled water, peanut oil, methylparaben, or differing doses of baicalin, either in isolation or in conjunction with methylparaben. Post-treatment, blood samples were obtained under terminal anesthesia for the purpose of serum analysis. Assays for hormonal levels (FSH, LH, testosterone) and enzymatic activity (17β-HSD3) were performed utilising ELISA and spectrophotometric techniques in accordance with established protocols.

Results

Rats treated with methylparaben (Group 3) had much lower levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, and 17β-HSD compared to the other groups, and baicalin was able to reduce these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Higher baicalin doses restored hormone and enzyme levels to near-control values levels indicating its protective benefits.

Conclusion

The results indicate that baicalin could mitigate the reproductive toxicity induced by methylparaben, owing to its antioxidant and regulatory characteristics, highlighting its potential as a protective agent against endocrine-disrupting chemicals

对羟基苯甲酸甲酯是化妆品、制药和食品工业中常用的防腐剂，因其抗菌和抗真菌作用而受到重视。许多体外和体内研究已经调查了它对精子数量、睾酮水平和生殖器官重量的不利影响。黄芩苷来自黄芩的干根，是一种天然化合物，可能有各种健康益处，如减少纤维化、瘙痒、细菌、氧化应激、炎症和癌症。本研究探讨了黄芩苷对对羟基苯甲酸甲酯引起的雄性生殖激素和酶活性变化的影响。方法选取45只成年雄性Wistar大鼠，随机分为9组，每组5只。在28天的时间里，这些受试者通过灌胃进行治疗，包括蒸馏水、花生油、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或不同剂量的黄芩苷，单独或与对羟基苯甲酸甲酯联合使用。治疗后，在终末麻醉下采血进行血清分析。采用ELISA和分光光度法检测激素水平（FSH、LH、睾酮）和酶活性（17β-HSD3）。结果对羟基苯甲酸甲酯组（3组）大鼠FSH、LH、睾酮和17β-HSD水平明显低于其他组，黄芩苷能以剂量依赖的方式降低这些影响。较高的黄芩苷剂量可使激素和酶水平恢复到接近控制值的水平，这表明黄芩苷具有保护作用。结论黄芩苷具有抗氧化和调节作用，可减轻对羟基苯甲酸甲酯引起的生殖毒性，显示其作为内分泌干扰物的保护剂的潜力

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引用次数: 0

An evaluation and risk assessment of children’s exposures to water-soluble per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through winter gloves 儿童通过冬季手套接触水溶性全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的评估和风险评估

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102095

Sarah Berlinski , Bruce Calder , Dennis Paustenbach

Winter gloves are often treated with fluoroacrylic surface coatings containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to enhance water resistance. Concern over exposure to water-soluble PFAS, those with the greatest toxicological and regulatory relevance, has grown, particularly for children, who may experience higher relative body burdens due to lower body weight and frequent hand-to-mouth behaviors. In this study, we characterized the PFAS content and migration potential of winter gloves and conducted a screening-level risk assessment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) glove exposures in children aged 2–6, considering both hand-to-mouth transfer and dermal absorption. Experimental data were generated through total fluorine analysis, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and leachate testing of individual glove components across eight glove brands. Three fluorotelomer compounds were detected above the limits of detection in 6 out of 173 components, spanning 3 of the 8 brands. No PFAS were detected in leachate samples, suggesting negligible migration under simulated use conditions. The calculated oral, dermal, and cumulative hazard indices, based on conservative, low-exposure scenarios using estimated concentrations below the detection limit, were all well below 0.001. This study contributes to the evidence base for PFAS risk assessment in consumer products and demonstrates that detectable PFAS residues do not necessarily translate to meaningful exposure or health risk. These findings support the use of risk-based regulatory approaches that incorporate realistic exposure scenarios in the evaluation of PFAS in treated textiles.

冬季手套通常用含有全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的氟丙烯酸表面涂层处理，以增强防水性能。由于水溶性PFAS具有最大的毒理学和监管相关性，人们对其暴露的关注日益增加，特别是对于儿童，由于体重较轻和频繁的手对嘴行为，他们可能会经历较高的相对身体负担。在这项研究中，我们对冬季手套的PFAS含量和迁移潜力进行了表征，并对2-6岁儿童的全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟己酸（PFHxA）手套暴露进行了筛查水平的风险评估，同时考虑了手到口转移和皮肤吸收。实验数据通过总氟分析、液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）、气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）和渗滤液检测生成，检测的是8个手套品牌的单个手套成分。在173种成分中，有6种含氟端粒化合物的检测结果超过了检测限度，涉及8个品牌中的3个。在渗滤液样品中未检测到PFAS，表明在模拟使用条件下迁移可以忽略不计。在使用低于检出限的估计浓度的保守、低暴露情景下计算的口腔、皮肤和累积危害指数均远低于0.001。本研究为消费品中PFAS风险评估提供了证据基础，并表明可检测到的PFAS残留不一定转化为有意义的接触或健康风险。这些发现支持使用基于风险的监管方法，将实际暴露情景纳入经处理纺织品中PFAS的评估。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of MPTP and rotenone as inducing agents for Parkinson's disease in adult zebrafish: Behavioural and histopathological insights MPTP和鱼藤酮作为成年斑马鱼帕金森病诱导剂的比较评价：行为和组织病理学见解

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102084

Chetan Ashok , Naveen Kumar Rajasekaran , Srikanth Jeyabalan , Gayathri Veeraraghavan , Subalakshmi Suresh , Ramya Sugumar , Sugin Lal Jabaris , Vetriselvan Subramaniyan , Ling Shing Wong

Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is marked by dopaminergic neuron loss and motor impairments. This study aimed to establish and compare PD models in adult zebrafish using two neurotoxins, MPTP and rotenone, evaluating their impact on behaviour and histopathology. Zebrafish were exposed to MPTP via intraperitoneal injection at two different doses or to rotenone in water for 21 days. Behavioural assessments, including Novel Tank Diving Test, bradykinesia, and C-bend response, revealed progressive motor and anxiety-like impairments, with rotenone exhibiting stronger locomotor effects. Histopathological analyses confirmed dose-dependent neurodegeneration in brain regions, with MPTP showing localized damage and rotenone causing widespread but milder effects. While both neurotoxins induced PD-like phenotypes, rotenone produced more pronounced locomotor deficits, whereas MPTP triggered anxiety-like symptoms. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that MPTP induces significant locomotor dysfunction along with anxiety-like symptoms, while rotenone strongly impacts locomotion with mild anxiety effects. Both neurotoxins exhibited maximum effects at their highest doses and over a similar time frame (Day 14 to Day 22). These findings highlight the distinct neurotoxic mechanisms of MPTP and rotenone and their relevance in modelling PD pathogenesis. The zebrafish model provides a robust platform for studying neurodegenerative diseases and testing therapeutic interventions. Further studies are required to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying their neurotoxic effects and to validate these models for long-term and translational research.

帕金森病（PD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病，其特征是多巴胺能神经元丧失和运动障碍。本研究旨在使用MPTP和鱼藤酮两种神经毒素建立和比较成年斑马鱼PD模型，评估它们对行为和组织病理学的影响。将斑马鱼分别腹腔注射两种不同剂量的MPTP或水中鱼藤酮21天。行为评估，包括新水箱潜水测试、运动迟缓和c型弯曲反应，显示进行性运动和焦虑样损伤，鱼藤酮表现出更强的运动效果。组织病理学分析证实了脑区域的剂量依赖性神经变性，MPTP显示局部损伤，鱼藤酮引起广泛但较轻的影响。虽然这两种神经毒素都会引起pd样表型，但鱼藤酮会产生更明显的运动缺陷，而MPTP则会引发焦虑样症状。综上所述，我们的研究表明MPTP诱导明显的运动功能障碍并伴有焦虑样症状，而鱼藤酮强烈影响运动并伴有轻微的焦虑效应。两种神经毒素在其最高剂量和相似的时间范围内（第14天至第22天）表现出最大的效果。这些发现强调了MPTP和鱼藤酮不同的神经毒性机制及其在模拟PD发病机制中的相关性。斑马鱼模型为研究神经退行性疾病和测试治疗干预提供了一个强大的平台。需要进一步的研究来探索其神经毒性作用的分子机制，并验证这些模型的长期和转化研究。

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引用次数: 0

Holistic approach to assess human health risks, integrating physicochemical quality attributes and heavy metal levels in tap water 全面评估人类健康风险的方法，整合自来水的物理化学质量属性和重金属含量

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102121

Molla Tefera , Habtamu Aderajew , Dessie Ezez , Mamo Dikamu , Worku Lakew

Heavy metal contamination is a serious concern affecting the safety of tap water sources. Hence, this study evaluated physicochemical quality indices, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health hazard derived from the level of toxic metals in tap water in Gondar city, Ethiopia. The results revealed that except dissolved oxygen, salinity and nitrite, all quality attributes were below the allowable quality standards. The average concentrations for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) were ranged from 0.003 mg/L to 5 mg/L, 0.475 mg/L to 0.752 mg/L, 0.14 mg/L to 0.703 mg/L, 0.261 mg/L to 2.182 mg/L, and 0.035 mg/L to 4.286 mg/L, respectively. The mean levels of metals in different areas decreased in the order: AR > AZ1 > PS1 > AZ3 > PS2 > MR > PS3 > SHD > AZ2 > CL. Except for Cu, the concentration of Fe, Pb, Cr, and Cd exceeded the safe limits described by WHO/FAO. According to principal component analysis and cluster analysis, anthropogenic activities were found to be the major source of metals. Chronic daily intake (CDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and incremental lifetime cancer risk assessment (ILCR) were employed to evaluate human health risks. Except for Pb in AZ1, PS3, and AR, the values of THQ for both ingestion and dermal pathways from the analysed metals for adults were within the safety limits (THQ

<

1). However, the distribution pattern of HI values were presented in the decreasing order: PS1 > PS2 > AZ3 > MR > PS3 > AR > AZ2 > AZ1 > SHD > CL. Except, the HI values in CL, all values were greater than one (HI > 1), indicating that tap water in these areas may pose non-carcinogenic health risk. The analysis of carcinogenic health risks indicated that the lifetime cancer risk (ingestion and dermal exposure pathways) of heavy metals were in accordance with the acceptable range for tap water (10^–6 – 10^–4). This finding provides valuable input for the development of precise action plans aimed at elevating water quality standards in the studied areas.

重金属污染是影响自来水水源安全的一个严重问题。因此，本研究评估了埃塞俄比亚贡达尔市自来水中有毒金属含量的理化质量指标、致癌和非致癌健康危害。结果表明，除溶解氧、盐度和亚硝酸盐外，其余质量指标均低于允许质量标准。铁(Fe)的平均浓度、铜(铜)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)和镉(Cd) 范围从0.003 mg / L - 5 mg / L, 0.475 mg / L 0.752 mg / L, 0.14 mg / L 0.703 mg / L, 0.261 2.182 mg / L mg / L和0.035 4.286 mg / L mg / L,分别。金属在不同地区的平均水平降低的顺序:基于“增大化现实”技术的祝辞 AZ1 祝辞 PS1 祝辞 AZ3 祝辞 PS2 祝辞 先生在 PS3 祝辞 梅毒性心脏病祝辞 AZ2 祝辞 CL。除Cu外，Fe、Pb、Cr、Cd均超过WHO/FAO规定的安全限值。主成分分析和聚类分析表明，人为活动是重金属的主要来源。采用慢性每日摄入量（CDI）、目标危害商（THQ）、危害指数（HI）和增量终生癌症风险评估（ILCR）评价人体健康风险。除AZ1、PS3和AR中的Pb外，所分析的成人金属的摄入和皮肤途径的THQ值均在安全范围内（THQ <1）。但HI值的分布格局为PS1 >； PS2 > AZ3 > MR > PS3 > AR > AZ2 > AZ1 > SHD >； CL。除CL中的HI值外，其余均大于1 (HI > 1)，表明这些地区的自来水可能存在非致癌性健康风险。致癌性健康风险分析表明，重金属终生致癌风险（摄入途径和皮肤接触途径）符合自来水可接受范围（10-6 - 10-4）。这一发现为制定旨在提高所研究地区水质标准的精确行动计划提供了宝贵的投入。

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引用次数: 0

Safety evaluation of a fungal beta-glucanase 真菌β -葡聚糖酶的安全性评价

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102125

Dnyaneshwar Jondhale , Corrine Harris , Gregory S. Ladics

Pig and poultry feed are often included with beta-glucanase to alleviate the anti-nutritional impacts of beta-glucans found in many cereal grains. Safety studies were conducted on beta-glucanase, including skin and eye irritation, dermal sensitization, a 90-day rat oral subchronic study, and genotoxicity, to evaluate the safety of a beta-glucanase for use as an animal feed additive. Beta-glucanase is produced by fermentation with a fungal (Trichoderma reesei) production strain expressing a wild-type fungal endoglucanase (egl2) gene to overexpress the endoglucanase (referred to as beta-glucanase throughout the paper) enzyme. Beta-glucanase was predicted to be non-irritant (No Category) to the skin or eyes in reconstructed human epidermis tissues (RhE) and reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCE), respectively. Beta-glucanase was tested in vitro in the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), the KeratinoSens™ assay and the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). Using the 2 out of 3 approach, beta-glucanase was not a dermal sensitizer based on the negative KeratinoSens™ and h-CLAT assays. In vitro genotoxicity testing confirmed beta-glucanase to be non-genotoxic. In the 90-day subchronic study, rats were administered beta-glucanase daily via oral gavage at dose-levels of 0 (Milli-Q® water), 250, 500 or 1000 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg bodyweight (bw)/day (equivalent to 0; 42,102; 84,205 and 168,410 units (U)/kg bw/day, respectively). No test item-related adverse effects were observed. A no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for beta-glucanase was established at 1000 mg TOS/kg body weight/day, the highest test concentration. Based on this NOAEL and an estimate of consumption determined from the proposed inclusion of the beta-glucanase in feed at the maximum recommended level (426 U/kg), a margin of safety value of 5681 was calculated based on highest expected daily feed intake in broilers, the target species with highest feed intake relative to body weight. The findings support the safe use of beta-glucanase as an animal feed additive.

猪和家禽饲料中通常含有-葡聚糖酶，以减轻许多谷物中发现的-葡聚糖的抗营养影响。对β -葡聚糖酶进行了安全性研究，包括皮肤和眼睛刺激、皮肤致敏、90天大鼠口服亚慢性研究和遗传毒性，以评估β -葡聚糖酶作为动物饲料添加剂的安全性。β -葡聚糖酶是通过真菌（里氏木霉）生产菌株发酵产生的，该菌株表达野生型真菌内切葡聚糖酶（egl2）基因，以过表达内切葡聚糖酶（在本文中称为β -葡聚糖酶）酶。预测β -葡聚糖酶在重建的人表皮组织（RhE）和重建的人角膜样上皮（RhCE）中分别对皮肤或眼睛无刺激性（No Category）。β -葡聚糖酶在体外通过直接肽反应性试验（DPRA）、KeratinoSens™试验和人细胞系激活试验（h-CLAT）进行检测。使用2 / 3的方法，基于阴性KeratinoSens™和h-CLAT检测，β -葡聚糖酶不是皮肤增敏剂。体外遗传毒性试验证实-葡聚糖酶无遗传毒性。在为期90天的亚慢性研究中，大鼠每天以0 （milliq®水）、250、500或1000 mg总有机固体(TOS)/kg体重(bw)/天的剂量水平（分别相当于0,42,102、84,205和168,410单位(U)/kg体重/天）灌胃给予β -葡聚糖酶。没有观察到与测试项目相关的不良反应。β -葡聚糖酶的无观察到不良反应水平（NOAEL）为最高试验浓度1000 mg TOS/kg体重/天。根据该NOAEL和根据建议在饲料中添加最大推荐水平（426 U/kg）确定的消耗量估计，根据肉仔鸡（相对体重而言采食量最高的目标品种）的最高预期日采食量计算出5681的安全边际值。该研究结果支持β -葡聚糖酶作为动物饲料添加剂的安全使用。

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引用次数: 0

Less is more: Evaluating the effectiveness of simplified two and three-element scores for predicting unfavorable outcomes in acute toxic alcohol exposure: A multi-center study 少即是多：一项多中心研究：评估简化的二元素和三元素评分对预测急性毒性酒精暴露不良结果的有效性

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102160

Asmaa Fady Sharif , Badar Abdullah Al Qasem , Muhannad Abdullah Alsaidan , Abdulaziz Adel Al Abdulkader , Sultan Abdulhamid Albisher , Mesfer Mubarak Hanif , Bandar Saleh Aldurayb , Mohammad Abdullah AL-Otaibi , Abeer Jaber Mohamed , Fahad aldosari , Khalid A. Al-Mulhim , Zahraa Khalifa Sobh

Toxic alcohols are readily available in multiple household products. Although acute toxic alcohol exposure is less frequently reported, it results in severe consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the three elements score, PGI]pH, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Impaired systolic blood pressure (SBP)] score and its two elements modified PG (pH and GCS) score, in identifying high-risk alcohol-exposed patients, compared to the multivariable conventional poison severity score (PSS). This cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 patients admitted to two poison control centers over a five-year period. These patients were exposed to toxic alcohols, including methanol, glycols, and propanol. The PGI/PG scores were derived retrospectively by assigning one point for every adopted variable, including pH < 7.25, GCS < 13, and impaired SBP < 90 mmHg. Patients with unfavorable outcomes constituted 27.5 %, where 17.5 % underwent hemodialysis (HD), 6.3 % developed blindness, 5 % needed mechanical ventilation (MV), and 2.5 % died. Patients with unfavorable outcomes demonstrated significantly higher PSS, PGI, and PG scores (p < 0.05). PSS was superior in predicting blindness only. PGI and PG scores demonstrated higher capabilities for predicting unfavorable outcomes, as well as the need for HD and MV. PG achieved the highest areas under curve as an unfavorable outcome’s predictor (0.889), need for HD (0.819), and MV (0.993). The PGI and PG scores could serve as simple and reliable predictors of unfavorable outcomes, including the need for HD and MV among patients poisoned with acute toxic alcohol exposure.

有毒的酒精在多种家用产品中随处可见。虽然急性毒性酒精接触的报道较少，但它会导致严重后果。本研究旨在评价PGI [pH]、格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）、受损收缩压（SBP）评分及其修改后的PG （pH和GCS）评分这三要素评分与多变量常规中毒严重程度评分（PSS）相比，在识别高危酒精暴露患者中的有效性。这项横断面研究是在两家中毒控制中心住院的80名患者中进行的，为期五年。这些患者暴露于有毒的酒精，包括甲醇、乙二醇和丙醇。PGI/PG评分是通过对每个采用的变量（包括pH <； 7.25,GCS <； 13和收缩压受损<； 90 mmHg）赋予1分来回顾性得出的。不良结局患者占27.5% %，其中17.5% %接受血液透析（HD）， 6.3% %发生失明，5 %需要机械通气（MV）， 2.5 %死亡。不良结局患者的PSS、PGI和PG评分显著升高（p <； 0.05）。PSS仅在预测失明方面具有优势。PGI和PG评分显示出更高的预测不良结果的能力，以及对高清和MV的需求。作为不利结果的预测因子，PG的曲线下面积最大（0.889），HD的需求（0.819）和MV（0.993）。PGI和PG评分可以作为不良结果的简单可靠的预测指标，包括急性毒性酒精中毒患者是否需要HD和MV。

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引用次数: 0

Potentially toxic elements in the Bangladeshi diet: An assessment of plant-based foods from a rural market 孟加拉国饮食中的潜在有毒元素：对农村市场植物性食品的评估

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102142

Shamim Al Mamun , Jannatara Ferdush , Alisha Islam , Sowmik Das Sowmya , Brett H. Robinson , Ismail Rahman

Contamination of staple foods with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses significant health concerns. Following reports of elevated concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in Bangladeshi soils, we aimed to determine the concentrations of these elements in commonly consumed vegetables (n = 10 species) and rice (n = 5 varieties) collected from markets in the Jamalpur district, Bangladesh, a representative rural market, to evaluate the associated human health risks. Mean PTE concentrations in vegetables frequently exceeded FAO/WHO food safety standards (FSS). All rice samples exceeded the FSS limits for Cd, Ni, and Pb, with 80 % exceeding the Cr limits. Health risks were calculated using estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target carcinogenic risk (TCR). While cumulative non-carcinogenic risks (HI < 1) were within acceptable levels for both adults and children, the EDI values for Cd, Ni, and Pb in adults, as well as Cd and Cr in children, exceeded their respective tolerable daily intakes (TDI). The TCR for Cd and Cr exceeded the USEPA threshold (10⁻⁴) for both age groups, indicating significant carcinogenic risks. Principal component analysis revealed that Cd, Ni, and Pb likely originated from common sources such as industrial emissions and contaminated irrigation water, while Cr appeared to stem from distinct inputs, possibly agrochemicals or textile-related activities. These findings indicate potential health risks, including carcinogenic effects, from dietary PTE exposure in Jamalpur. The results suggest that similar rural regions may benefit from source control, rigorous monitoring, and regulatory interventions to ensure food safety.

含有潜在有毒元素（pte）的主食污染构成了重大的健康问题。在孟加拉国土壤中镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）和铅（Pb）浓度升高的报告之后，我们旨在确定从孟加拉国贾马尔普尔地区（一个具有代表性的农村市场）的市场收集的常见食用蔬菜（ = 10种）和大米（ = 5种）中这些元素的浓度，以评估相关的人类健康风险。蔬菜中PTE的平均浓度经常超过粮农组织/世卫组织的食品安全标准。所有样品的Cd、Ni和Pb均超过FSS限值，其中Cr超标80% %。使用估计每日摄入量（EDI）、目标危害商（THQ）、危害指数（HI）和目标致癌风险（TCR）计算健康风险。虽然累积非致癌风险（HI < 1）在成人和儿童的可接受水平内，但成人中Cd、Ni和Pb的EDI值，以及儿童中Cd和Cr的EDI值，都超过了各自的每日可耐受摄入量（TDI）。两个年龄组中Cd和Cr的TCR均超过USEPA阈值（10−4），表明存在显著的致癌风险。主成分分析表明，Cd、Ni和Pb可能来自工业排放和受污染的灌溉用水等共同来源，而Cr则可能来自不同的投入，可能是农药或与纺织相关的活动。这些发现表明，在贾马尔普尔，从饮食中接触PTE可能存在健康风险，包括致癌效应。结果表明，类似的农村地区可以从源头控制、严格监测和监管干预措施中受益，以确保食品安全。

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引用次数: 0

Acute toxicity of arsenate and arsenite in two scleractinian coral species: Acropora cervicornis and Orbicella faveolata 砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐对两种硬核珊瑚的急性毒性研究：颈角Acropora cervicornis和faveolata Orbicella

Q1 Environmental Science

Toxicology Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102141

Cailey E. Dorman , Dimitrios G. Giarikos , Amy C. Hirons , Carys L. Mitchelmore , D. Abigail Renegar

Inorganic arsenic, specifically arsenate [As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)], disrupts physiological and biochemical processes in marine organisms, yet their specific impacts on coral reef species remain largely unstudied. This study is the first to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of arsenate [As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)] on two threatened scleractinian coral species, Acropora cervicornis and Orbicella faveolata. Using four 96-h static-renewal assays, corals were exposed to six treatments: five concentrations and a negative control with all concentrations being analytically verified. Toxicity was evaluated through three endpoints: mortality (LC50), coral condition (EC50), and photosynthetic efficiency (IC50). The LC50s were found to be 0.0365 mg L⁻¹ As(V) and 0.111 mg L⁻¹ As(III) for A. cervicornis and 0.315 mg L⁻¹ As(V) and 0.235 mg L⁻¹ As(III) for O. faveolata. Both species showed significant adverse effects across all subacute endpoints, with Orbicella faveolata significantly more sensitive to As(III), whereas A. cervicornis showed greater sensitivity to As(V). This challenges the prevailing assumption that As(III) is universally more toxic to marine taxa. Species sensitivity distributions found that the LC50 values for these corals were lower than previously reported marine organism’s LC50s, highlighting the heightened vulnerability of coral. These findings provide critical data for refining sediment quality guidelines and improving ecological risk assessments in arsenic-impacted reef environments.

无机砷，特别是砷酸盐[As(V)]和亚砷酸盐[As(III)]，破坏海洋生物的生理和生化过程，但它们对珊瑚礁物种的具体影响在很大程度上尚未得到研究。本研究首次评估了砷酸盐[As(V)]和亚砷酸盐[As(III)]对两种濒危硬核珊瑚（Acropora cervicornis和Orbicella faveolata）的急性和亚急性毒性。使用四种96小时静态更新试验，珊瑚暴露于六种处理：五种浓度和一种阴性对照，所有浓度都经过分析验证。毒性通过三个终点进行评估：死亡率（LC50）、珊瑚状况（EC50）和光合效率（IC50）。结果表明，颈喙草的lc50分别为0.0365 mg L−1 As(V)和0.111 mg L−1 As(III)，黄叶菊的lc50分别为0.315 mg L−1 As(V)和0.235 mg L−1 As（III）。这两种物种在所有亚急性终点均表现出显著的不良反应，黄豆环虫对As（III）明显更敏感，而颈角拟虫对As(V)更敏感。这挑战了普遍认为As（III）对海洋生物的毒性更大的假设。物种敏感性分布发现，这些珊瑚的LC50值低于先前报道的海洋生物的LC50值，突出了珊瑚的脆弱性。这些发现为完善沉积物质量指南和改善砷影响珊瑚礁环境的生态风险评估提供了关键数据。

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引用次数: 0