Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)最新文献
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.352076
E. Porada, W. Bock
A calibration-through-learning method for fiber-optic sensors in measurement systems is presented. The method involves exact integral representations of the measurand value, initially using a continuum of hidden processing units. In the next step, discrete subsets of the continuum uniformly approximate the measurand. This allows for a design of connectionist networks capable of the same approximation capability.<>
{"title":"Calibration of fiber-optic sensors using universal approximators","authors":"E. Porada, W. Bock","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.352076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.352076","url":null,"abstract":"A calibration-through-learning method for fiber-optic sensors in measurement systems is presented. The method involves exact integral representations of the measurand value, initially using a continuum of hidden processing units. In the next step, discrete subsets of the continuum uniformly approximate the measurand. This allows for a design of connectionist networks capable of the same approximation capability.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122349125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351916
P. Holmberg
Conventional bridge circuits are balanced by means of mechanical changes of trimming capacitances and resistances. It is a well known fact that this can be very difficult in many situations, e.g. due to electrical interference between the bridge circuit and the human body or some mechanical part of the screwdriver used. There may also be physical constraints prohibiting mechanical changes of some bridge elements. To avoid these problems, the balancing procedure should be automatized. In this article an automatic method for bridge circuit balancing, based on a digital control signal, is presented. Ordinary ac-bridge circuits are nonlinear with respect to changes of the capacitive sensor element. Using some standard operational amplifiers it is easy, however, to obtain a linear bridge circuit output. A theoretical model of the linear bridge circuit is derived. The excellent performance of the linear bridge circuit predicted by theory is verified by practical experiments.<>
{"title":"Automatic balancing of linear AC bridge circuits for capacitive sensor elements","authors":"P. Holmberg","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.351916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.351916","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional bridge circuits are balanced by means of mechanical changes of trimming capacitances and resistances. It is a well known fact that this can be very difficult in many situations, e.g. due to electrical interference between the bridge circuit and the human body or some mechanical part of the screwdriver used. There may also be physical constraints prohibiting mechanical changes of some bridge elements. To avoid these problems, the balancing procedure should be automatized. In this article an automatic method for bridge circuit balancing, based on a digital control signal, is presented. Ordinary ac-bridge circuits are nonlinear with respect to changes of the capacitive sensor element. Using some standard operational amplifiers it is easy, however, to obtain a linear bridge circuit output. A theoretical model of the linear bridge circuit is derived. The excellent performance of the linear bridge circuit predicted by theory is verified by practical experiments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122087919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.352064
W. B. Penzes, R. Allen, M. Cresswell, L. W. Linholm, E. Teague
Line scales are used throughout industry for a variety of applications. The most common is the stage micrometer, a small, graduated glass scale for the calibration of optical instruments such as microscopes. However, stage micrometers are generally not calibrated, except for critical applications, due to time and cost of optical calibration techniques. A method for calibrating line scales is presented which uses electrical test structure metrology. A description of the technique as well as examples of results from this technique are presented.<>
{"title":"A new method to measure the distance between graduation lines on graduated scales","authors":"W. B. Penzes, R. Allen, M. Cresswell, L. W. Linholm, E. Teague","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.352064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.352064","url":null,"abstract":"Line scales are used throughout industry for a variety of applications. The most common is the stage micrometer, a small, graduated glass scale for the calibration of optical instruments such as microscopes. However, stage micrometers are generally not calibrated, except for critical applications, due to time and cost of optical calibration techniques. A method for calibrating line scales is presented which uses electrical test structure metrology. A description of the technique as well as examples of results from this technique are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"350 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116725163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351987
V. Vyun
The new possibilities of self-sustained oscillations of acoustoelectric and photoelectric voltages accompanied by surface acoustic wave and light self-modulations in layered semiconductor-piezoelectric and metal-dielectric-semiconductor structures with relaxation that we have discovered are presented with a view of sensing of physical and chemical environmental parameters and measurement of semiconductor electronic parameters. It gives principal methods to improve sensitivity and precision because the frequency of the self-sustained oscillation or self-modulation /spl Omega/ is expressed in terms of the charge-discharge relaxation time /spl tausub s/ of the metal-piezoelectric-semiconductor or metal-dielectric-semiconductor structures. The frequency of self -sustained oscillations /spl Omega/ allows relaxation time /spl tausub s/ to be determined directly. This connection between /spl Omega/ and /spl tausub s/ can successfully be used in physical and chemical sensors with frequency output and may be a basis investigations of semiconductor parameters such as surface states' parameters and their spectroscopy properties. It is the great interest because of in the precise sensors and investigation methods we use self-organization processes in which the frequency of electrical signal can be easily measured with high precision and it gives high sensitivity.<>
{"title":"Sensing and measurement with self-sustained acoustoelectric and photoelectric oscillations in structures with relaxation","authors":"V. Vyun","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.351987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.351987","url":null,"abstract":"The new possibilities of self-sustained oscillations of acoustoelectric and photoelectric voltages accompanied by surface acoustic wave and light self-modulations in layered semiconductor-piezoelectric and metal-dielectric-semiconductor structures with relaxation that we have discovered are presented with a view of sensing of physical and chemical environmental parameters and measurement of semiconductor electronic parameters. It gives principal methods to improve sensitivity and precision because the frequency of the self-sustained oscillation or self-modulation /spl Omega/ is expressed in terms of the charge-discharge relaxation time /spl tausub s/ of the metal-piezoelectric-semiconductor or metal-dielectric-semiconductor structures. The frequency of self -sustained oscillations /spl Omega/ allows relaxation time /spl tausub s/ to be determined directly. This connection between /spl Omega/ and /spl tausub s/ can successfully be used in physical and chemical sensors with frequency output and may be a basis investigations of semiconductor parameters such as surface states' parameters and their spectroscopy properties. It is the great interest because of in the precise sensors and investigation methods we use self-organization processes in which the frequency of electrical signal can be easily measured with high precision and it gives high sensitivity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129732218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351985
Wei Zhou, P. Liang
On the basis of phase difference variation characteristics between frequency signals, regularities of periodic signals can be recognized essentially. This paper describes the characteristics with which the greatest common factor frequency, the least common multiple period and quantized minimum variation of phase difference vary according to the frequency relationship between two signals. It analyses the influence of 'phase coincidences' distribution between signals upon the measurement. According to the characteristics, using the phase coincidence detection method highly accurate measurements of frequency and other periodic signal parameters can be accomplished. A much higher accuracy can be obtained for some special frequency signals. By means of the principle, a lot of new instruments have been built. They show more than 3 to 5 orders accuracy over that of ordinary instruments.<>
{"title":"Phase difference variation characteristics between frequency signals and its uses in measurement","authors":"Wei Zhou, P. Liang","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.351985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.351985","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of phase difference variation characteristics between frequency signals, regularities of periodic signals can be recognized essentially. This paper describes the characteristics with which the greatest common factor frequency, the least common multiple period and quantized minimum variation of phase difference vary according to the frequency relationship between two signals. It analyses the influence of 'phase coincidences' distribution between signals upon the measurement. According to the characteristics, using the phase coincidence detection method highly accurate measurements of frequency and other periodic signal parameters can be accomplished. A much higher accuracy can be obtained for some special frequency signals. By means of the principle, a lot of new instruments have been built. They show more than 3 to 5 orders accuracy over that of ordinary instruments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128428092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351869
Chen-Ningfuh, Hung-Chi Chen, C. Liang, P. Chang
We describe an external-cavity diode laser system developed for the optical pumping of cesium atoms. Laser features Littman-type design for enhanced line width narrowing.<>
{"title":"A tunable diode laser","authors":"Chen-Ningfuh, Hung-Chi Chen, C. Liang, P. Chang","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.351869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.351869","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an external-cavity diode laser system developed for the optical pumping of cesium atoms. Laser features Littman-type design for enhanced line width narrowing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.352154
K. Matsuoka, M. Kawamoto
This paper proposes a neural network that recovers the original random signals from their linear mixtures observed by the same number of sensors. The network acquires the function by a learning process without using any particular information about the statistical properties of the sources and the coefficients of the linear transformation, except the assumption that the source signals are statistically independent and nonstationary. The adaptation rule is derived from a steepest descent minimization of a time-dependent cost function that takes the minimum only when the network outputs are uncorrelated with each other.<>
{"title":"Networks for separation of nonstationary signal sources","authors":"K. Matsuoka, M. Kawamoto","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.352154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.352154","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a neural network that recovers the original random signals from their linear mixtures observed by the same number of sensors. The network acquires the function by a learning process without using any particular information about the statistical properties of the sources and the coefficients of the linear transformation, except the assumption that the source signals are statistically independent and nonstationary. The adaptation rule is derived from a steepest descent minimization of a time-dependent cost function that takes the minimum only when the network outputs are uncorrelated with each other.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"66 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130593648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351863
G. van Harmelen, I. E. Lane, G. Hancke
The classical approach to curtailing unwanted occurrences on a system load profile (totalized load current drawn by a group of electricity consumers) has been to employ a centralised measurement and control system. Due to the stochastic nature of the individual users, and the group response to such control signals (e.g. ripple control of geysers) a decentralised measurement and control approach is proposed here as a solution to some of the more common problems associated with this conventional approach (e.g. "cold-load pickup effect"). An adaptive distributed control system is proposed on two levels, both within the home itself (home automation), as well as being expanded up into the system level itself. Individual measurement and control nodes (i.e. individual homes) will then operate in union to achieve user customization, as well as system specific objectives (e.g. no cold showers, but also enabling maximum demand control).<>
{"title":"System impact of decentralised AI controllers operating on domestic devices in the intelligent home","authors":"G. van Harmelen, I. E. Lane, G. Hancke","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.351863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.351863","url":null,"abstract":"The classical approach to curtailing unwanted occurrences on a system load profile (totalized load current drawn by a group of electricity consumers) has been to employ a centralised measurement and control system. Due to the stochastic nature of the individual users, and the group response to such control signals (e.g. ripple control of geysers) a decentralised measurement and control approach is proposed here as a solution to some of the more common problems associated with this conventional approach (e.g. \"cold-load pickup effect\"). An adaptive distributed control system is proposed on two levels, both within the home itself (home automation), as well as being expanded up into the system level itself. Individual measurement and control nodes (i.e. individual homes) will then operate in union to achieve user customization, as well as system specific objectives (e.g. no cold showers, but also enabling maximum demand control).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123477932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.352127
Zhang Zhongting, Fu Ping, Guo Shize
A design method of DMM module adhered to VXIbus which is the latest measurement and test instrumentation bus is given in this paper. Using MCS-51 monolithic microcomputer as controller, dual-RAM as configuration and communication registers, the module is designed as a message based B-size module. The module has been applied to an automatic test system for radar. The design method is also available to other VXIbus instruments.<>
{"title":"The design of VXIbus DMM module","authors":"Zhang Zhongting, Fu Ping, Guo Shize","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.352127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.352127","url":null,"abstract":"A design method of DMM module adhered to VXIbus which is the latest measurement and test instrumentation bus is given in this paper. Using MCS-51 monolithic microcomputer as controller, dual-RAM as configuration and communication registers, the module is designed as a message based B-size module. The module has been applied to an automatic test system for radar. The design method is also available to other VXIbus instruments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121171331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351978
L. Su
There are different characteristics and performances of analog and digital control systems. Both systems employ the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The standard functional blocks of a well-designed digital PID controller are able to accord the requirements encountering from system and computer such as: adaptation, stability, and coordination, etc. This article shows the principle functions of digital PID controllers, and how they relate to instrument and process-oriented systems. Like a lot of discrete-data systems, digital controllers are usually designed from a mathematical model of the process. Each traditional design procedures are explained and examined for appraise and comparison purpose. Designing a Direct Digital Control (DDC) system to control a simple loop is explored and can be easily extended to the multivariable systems. Also the rules of adjustment of suitable values for the controller parameters are observed. Finally, some modifications regarding the practical implementation of controllers and their applications are illustrated. The conclusion of the technical audit will strengthen some theoretical concepts and provide further insights into the existing restrictions.<>
{"title":"Digital controller - its design techniques","authors":"L. Su","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.1994.351978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1994.351978","url":null,"abstract":"There are different characteristics and performances of analog and digital control systems. Both systems employ the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The standard functional blocks of a well-designed digital PID controller are able to accord the requirements encountering from system and computer such as: adaptation, stability, and coordination, etc. This article shows the principle functions of digital PID controllers, and how they relate to instrument and process-oriented systems. Like a lot of discrete-data systems, digital controllers are usually designed from a mathematical model of the process. Each traditional design procedures are explained and examined for appraise and comparison purpose. Designing a Direct Digital Control (DDC) system to control a simple loop is explored and can be easily extended to the multivariable systems. Also the rules of adjustment of suitable values for the controller parameters are observed. Finally, some modifications regarding the practical implementation of controllers and their applications are illustrated. The conclusion of the technical audit will strengthen some theoretical concepts and provide further insights into the existing restrictions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":231484,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114307648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conference Proceedings. 10th Anniversary. IMTC/94. Advanced Technologies in I & M. 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technolgy Conference (Cat. No.94CH3424-9)
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