Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110529
Yinong Chen , Shuyu Fan , Shu Xiao , Hu Zhang , Yi Wu , Jing Wu , Guoliang Tang , Fenghua Su , Paul K. Chu
The phenomenon of friction increase in graphenic materials during prolonged treatment in an oxygen plasma environment has been widely recognized. In this study, we report a possible oxidation state that leads to decreased friction during oxygen plasma treatment of graphenic materials through molecular simulations. We also propose a simple, clean, and efficient method to control the reverse structural evolution for controlled oxidation. Experimental applications demonstrated a 30.6 % reduction in friction and a 130.1 % increase in friction for short and long oxygen plasma treatments, respectively, compared to the initial graphenic vacancy structure. These findings contribute to an increased understanding of the response and modulation of graphenic coatings in oxygen plasma environments.
{"title":"Bi-directional evolution of graphenic vacancy structure in oxygen plasma treatment","authors":"Yinong Chen , Shuyu Fan , Shu Xiao , Hu Zhang , Yi Wu , Jing Wu , Guoliang Tang , Fenghua Su , Paul K. Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of friction increase in graphenic materials during prolonged treatment in an oxygen plasma environment has been widely recognized. In this study, we report a possible oxidation state that leads to decreased friction during oxygen plasma treatment of graphenic materials through molecular simulations. We also propose a simple, clean, and efficient method to control the reverse structural evolution for controlled oxidation. Experimental applications demonstrated a 30.6 % reduction in friction and a 130.1 % increase in friction for short and long oxygen plasma treatments, respectively, compared to the initial graphenic vacancy structure. These findings contribute to an increased understanding of the response and modulation of graphenic coatings in oxygen plasma environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110534
Peng Wang , Biquan Su , Xinchen Gao , Weishan Yan , Ruichao Wang , Wangle Xue , Hongli Li , Nong Wang , Zhenbin Gong
In this study, we investigated the friction mechanisms behind the observed changes in friction of niobium diselenide (NbSe2) thin films under varying normal bias voltages. The results show that both the friction force and coefficient of friction (COF) increase with the application of positive and negative bias voltages. These friction changes are significantly affected by the electrostatic force on the sample surface and the electronic excitation during friction leads to energy dissipation, ultimately increasing friction. These findings not only increase our understanding of the interfacial friction phenomenon of nano-electric friction, but also help to control energy dissipation of sliding nanofriction, making electronic control of friction possible.
{"title":"Voltage regulation of atomic-scale energy dissipation at niobium diselenide electro-friction interface","authors":"Peng Wang , Biquan Su , Xinchen Gao , Weishan Yan , Ruichao Wang , Wangle Xue , Hongli Li , Nong Wang , Zhenbin Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the friction mechanisms behind the observed changes in friction of niobium diselenide (NbSe<sub>2</sub>) thin films under varying normal bias voltages. The results show that both the friction force and coefficient of friction (COF) increase with the application of positive and negative bias voltages. These friction changes are significantly affected by the electrostatic force on the sample surface and the electronic excitation during friction leads to energy dissipation, ultimately increasing friction. These findings not only increase our understanding of the interfacial friction phenomenon of nano-electric friction, but also help to control energy dissipation of sliding nanofriction, making electronic control of friction possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110534"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110523
Jiaming Zhang , Ming Qiu , Yanfang Dong , Chuanmeng Yang
The research focuses on the issue of excessive skidding for cylindrical roller bearings. The oversimplified thermal analysis module of the rolling bearing dynamics analysis software ADORE was improved with the thermal resistance network method and lubricant distribution. Based on the improved ADORE, the variation mechanism of skidding and the critical radial load for skidding of cylindrical roller bearings were analyzed. The findings indicate that the slip rate and the sliding velocity decreases exponentially with increasing radial load, and 5 % is chosen as the evaluation criterion for the degree of skidding. A method for calculating the critical radial load for skidding of NU-type bearings is proposed, which has reference value for the design of cylindrical roller bearings with low slip rates.
{"title":"Investigation of skidding characteristics of high-speed cylindrical roller bearings based on the improved ADORE model with thermal analysis and lubricant distribution","authors":"Jiaming Zhang , Ming Qiu , Yanfang Dong , Chuanmeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research focuses on the issue of excessive skidding for cylindrical roller bearings. The oversimplified thermal analysis module of the rolling bearing dynamics analysis software ADORE was improved with the thermal resistance network method and lubricant distribution. Based on the improved ADORE, the variation mechanism of skidding and the critical radial load for skidding of cylindrical roller bearings were analyzed. The findings indicate that the slip rate and the sliding velocity decreases exponentially with increasing radial load, and 5 % is chosen as the evaluation criterion for the degree of skidding. A method for calculating the critical radial load for skidding of NU-type bearings is proposed, which has reference value for the design of cylindrical roller bearings with low slip rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110523"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110521
Hongju Li, Ying Liu, Haoran Liao, Zhurong Liang
Real wear process has entropy imbalance characteristic. Entropy equilibrium is a hypothetical ideal situation. In this paper, the dissipation wear model based on the entropy imbalance characteristic is proposed for improving wear prediction accuracy under mixed lubrication. Firstly, it is revealed that the imbalance between wear heat generation and dissipation leads to entropy imbalance. The prediction errors of wear rates by entropy-balanced assumption are more than 40 %. Then, evaluation parameter of entropy-imbalanced degree is defined by rotating normalized entropy generation-flow coordinate. Entropy-imbalanced dissipation wear model and corresponding wear life prediction method are obtained. Finally, it is verified that prediction errors of the proposed model and method are less than 10 % and 5 % through 20-hour wear life experiments under mixed lubrication.
{"title":"Dissipation wear model under mixed lubrication based on entropy imbalance phenomenon","authors":"Hongju Li, Ying Liu, Haoran Liao, Zhurong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real wear process has entropy imbalance characteristic. Entropy equilibrium is a hypothetical ideal situation. In this paper, the dissipation wear model based on the entropy imbalance characteristic is proposed for improving wear prediction accuracy under mixed lubrication. Firstly, it is revealed that the imbalance between wear heat generation and dissipation leads to entropy imbalance. The prediction errors of wear rates by entropy-balanced assumption are more than 40 %. Then, evaluation parameter of entropy-imbalanced degree is defined by rotating normalized entropy generation-flow coordinate. Entropy-imbalanced dissipation wear model and corresponding wear life prediction method are obtained. Finally, it is verified that prediction errors of the proposed model and method are less than 10 % and 5 % through 20-hour wear life experiments under mixed lubrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110521"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110524
Shuo Fu , Yaxin Xu , Lijuan Zhu , Haifei Lu , Wenya Li
A Y2O3-modified wear-resistant coating with a gradient structure of the WC content was produced by laser cladding on a Ti6Al4V matrix. Different Y2O3 contents (0 vol%, 1.5 vol%, 3 vol% and 4.5 vol%) were employed to investigate the effect of Y2O3 content on the microstructure morphology and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V-base WC gradient coatings. Results indicate that the coating containing 3 vol% Y2O3 exhibited the most significant improvement in both microstructure refinement and tribological properties, resulting in 2.58 times increase in wear resistance compared to 0 vol% Y2O3 addition and 42.6 times increase compared to the Ti6Al4V matrix. This work provides a preparation method for super wear-resistant coatings and reveals the internal strengthening mechanism of the coatings.
{"title":"Enhanced in-situ reinforcement evolution and superior wear resistance by changing Y2O3 addition in Ti6Al4V-based WC gradient coatings through laser cladding","authors":"Shuo Fu , Yaxin Xu , Lijuan Zhu , Haifei Lu , Wenya Li","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-modified wear-resistant coating with a gradient structure of the WC content was produced by laser cladding on a Ti6Al4V matrix. Different Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents (0 vol%, 1.5 vol%, 3 vol% and 4.5 vol%) were employed to investigate the effect of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content on the microstructure morphology and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V-base WC gradient coatings. Results indicate that the coating containing 3 vol% Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibited the most significant improvement in both microstructure refinement and tribological properties, resulting in 2.58 times increase in wear resistance compared to 0 vol% Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> addition and 42.6 times increase compared to the Ti6Al4V matrix. This work provides a preparation method for super wear-resistant coatings and reveals the internal strengthening mechanism of the coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110516
Wen Liu , Shuwen Liu , Peiyuan Zhang , Long Li , Zhangpeng Li , Jinqing Wang
Solvent-free nanofluids (NFs) based on a variety of lubrication core materials have attracted extensive attention in tribology, but it is still an open field to explore the relationship between size of core and tribological properties of NFs. In this paper, the multi-layer, ultrathin and ultrafine layered double hydroxides solvent-free nanofluids (ML-LDH-NFs, UT-LDH-NFs and UF-LDH-NFs) are proposed for lubricant. Compared with UT-LDH-NFs, ML-LDH-NFs exhibit better friction reduction and wear resistance performance for the interlayer sliding in multi-layer layered double hydroxides, UF-LDH-NFs with smaller lateral size is easier to slip into the sliding interface to form tribofilm, and thus provide more effective friction-reducing and anti-wear. This research provides fundamental insights into size effects of core materials for solvent-free nanofluids lubricants.
{"title":"Effect of LDH core size on the tribological properties of solvent-free nanofluids","authors":"Wen Liu , Shuwen Liu , Peiyuan Zhang , Long Li , Zhangpeng Li , Jinqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solvent-free nanofluids (NFs) based on a variety of lubrication core materials have attracted extensive attention in tribology, but it is still an open field to explore the relationship between size of core and tribological properties of NFs. In this paper, the multi-layer, ultrathin and ultrafine layered double hydroxides solvent-free nanofluids (ML-LDH-NFs, UT-LDH-NFs and UF-LDH-NFs) are proposed for lubricant. Compared with UT-LDH-NFs, ML-LDH-NFs exhibit better friction reduction and wear resistance performance for the interlayer sliding in multi-layer layered double hydroxides, UF-LDH-NFs with smaller lateral size is easier to slip into the sliding interface to form tribofilm, and thus provide more effective friction-reducing and anti-wear. This research provides fundamental insights into size effects of core materials for solvent-free nanofluids lubricants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110516"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110525
Yaqing Xue, Hong Yu, Hongwei Liang, Xiaomei Wang, Conghui Meng, Shiyao Lei, Haochen Wang, Long Wang, Cheng-Feng Du
The MAX phase ceramics are one of the most promising solid lubricants for high-temperature (HT) conditions. Herein, two new quaternary MAXs with regulatable transition-metal constituents (Cr1Ti0.75Mo0.75V0.5AlC2 and Cr1.25Ti0.75Mo0.75V0.25AlC2) are synthesized based on an high-entropy (HE) analogue. Their tribological properties against the Si3N4 tribocouple in a wide temperature up to 800 ºC in the air are systematically studied, the impacts of the Cr and V contents on lubricity and anti-wear performance of the Cr-Ti-Mo-V MAXs are illuminated as well. At an extreme operating temperature of 800 °C, Cr1.25Ti0.75Mo0.75V0.25AlC2 presents excellent self-lubrication performance with a mean COF of 0.20 and a mean wear rate as low as 3.6 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1.
{"title":"Optimizing the Cr and V content in quaternary MAX phase for high-temperature lubricity and wear resistance","authors":"Yaqing Xue, Hong Yu, Hongwei Liang, Xiaomei Wang, Conghui Meng, Shiyao Lei, Haochen Wang, Long Wang, Cheng-Feng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The MAX phase ceramics are one of the most promising solid lubricants for high-temperature (HT) conditions. Herein, two new quaternary MAXs with regulatable transition-metal constituents (Cr<sub>1</sub>Ti<sub>0.75</sub>Mo<sub>0.75</sub>V<sub>0.5</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> and Cr<sub>1.25</sub>Ti<sub>0.75</sub>Mo<sub>0.75</sub>V<sub>0.25</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub>) are synthesized based on an high-entropy (HE) analogue. Their tribological properties against the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> tribocouple in a wide temperature up to 800 ºC in the air are systematically studied, the impacts of the Cr and V contents on lubricity and anti-wear performance of the Cr-Ti-Mo-V MAXs are illuminated as well. At an extreme operating temperature of 800 °C, Cr<sub>1.25</sub>Ti<sub>0.75</sub>Mo<sub>0.75</sub>V<sub>0.25</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> presents excellent self-lubrication performance with a mean COF of 0.20 and a mean wear rate as low as 3.6 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup> N<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110494
Teng Gao , Jixin Liu , Xiaofeng Sun , Yanbin Zhang , Min Yang , Mingzheng Liu , Wenhao Xu , Qinglong An , Dazhong Wang , Peiming Xu , Changhe Li
CFRP precision grinding is a critical process in aeronautical industry. To enhance surface integrity, ultrasonic-assisted MQL grinding with nanolubricants was developed. The effects of ultrasonic on permeation mechanism and fluid dynamic pressure lubrication were investigated. The mechanical behavior of droplet anisotropic spreading, contact line dynamics, and capillary action was analyzed. Additionally, tribological properties of CFRP grinding surfaces with various fiber orientation angles were evaluated. The findings reveal contact angles in vertical grinding direction are higher than those in parallel direction. The application of 2D ultrasonic vibration decreased stable aspect ratio and increased spreading speed of droplets. Nanolubricants demonstrated significant improvements in reducing friction coefficient, grinding force ratio, wear area and volume, with a maximum reduction in friction coefficient of 34.87 %.
{"title":"Enhanced permeation mechanism and tribological assessment of ultrasonic vibration nanolubricants grinding CFRP","authors":"Teng Gao , Jixin Liu , Xiaofeng Sun , Yanbin Zhang , Min Yang , Mingzheng Liu , Wenhao Xu , Qinglong An , Dazhong Wang , Peiming Xu , Changhe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2024.110494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CFRP precision grinding is a critical process in aeronautical industry. To enhance surface integrity, ultrasonic-assisted MQL grinding with nanolubricants was developed. The effects of ultrasonic on permeation mechanism and fluid dynamic pressure lubrication were investigated. The mechanical behavior of droplet anisotropic spreading, contact line dynamics, and capillary action was analyzed. Additionally, tribological properties of CFRP grinding surfaces with various fiber orientation angles were evaluated. The findings reveal contact angles in vertical grinding direction are higher than those in parallel direction. The application of 2D ultrasonic vibration decreased stable aspect ratio and increased spreading speed of droplets. Nanolubricants demonstrated significant improvements in reducing friction coefficient, grinding force ratio, wear area and volume, with a maximum reduction in friction coefficient of 34.87 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110494"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110509
Michał Gdula , Grażyna Mrówka-Nowotnik , Andrzej Nowotnik
Tool wear is a significant challenge in the milling of difficult-to-cut materials such as Ni-based superalloys, as it directly impacts the machining process and surface integrity. In multi-axis torus milling, the complex and varying cutting conditions of cutter-workpiece engagement make predicting wear particularly difficult. This paper proposes models for predicting the life and flank wear of a torus milling cutter equipped with round cutting inserts in a multi-axis milling process. A novel technique for changing the active segment of the cutting edge, specifically designed for torus milling cutters, was used. The cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE) zone was determined and equal width cutting belts were determined on the torus surface. Analysis of wear mechanisms revealed the uneven distribution of flank wear. Based on cutting tests under defined CWE and high-speed machining conditions, predictive models for tool life and flank wear were developed for each active cutting edge segment. These models were calibrated using multi-axis milling experiments on the Inconel718 superalloy. Results demonstrate that the predictive models achieve high accuracy, with average percentage errors below 15 % for tool life and 13 % for flank wear. The models enable precise predictions of torus milling cutter life and flank wear in multi-axis milling of Inconel718 while utilizing the active cutting edge segment change technique. Analysis of wear mechanisms indicated that abrasive and adhesive wear dominates, and flaking and notching wear was also observed.
{"title":"Modeling and comprehensive mechanism analysis of torus milling cutter wear in multi-axis milling of Ni-based superalloy using the active cutting edge segment change technique","authors":"Michał Gdula , Grażyna Mrówka-Nowotnik , Andrzej Nowotnik","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tool wear is a significant challenge in the milling of difficult-to-cut materials such as Ni-based superalloys, as it directly impacts the machining process and surface integrity. In multi-axis torus milling, the complex and varying cutting conditions of cutter-workpiece engagement make predicting wear particularly difficult. This paper proposes models for predicting the life and flank wear of a torus milling cutter equipped with round cutting inserts in a multi-axis milling process. A novel technique for changing the active segment of the cutting edge, specifically designed for torus milling cutters, was used. The cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE) zone was determined and equal width cutting belts were determined on the torus surface. Analysis of wear mechanisms revealed the uneven distribution of flank wear. Based on cutting tests under defined CWE and high-speed machining conditions, predictive models for tool life and flank wear were developed for each active cutting edge segment. These models were calibrated using multi-axis milling experiments on the Inconel718 superalloy. Results demonstrate that the predictive models achieve high accuracy, with average percentage errors below 15 % for tool life and 13 % for flank wear. The models enable precise predictions of torus milling cutter life and flank wear in multi-axis milling of Inconel718 while utilizing the active cutting edge segment change technique. Analysis of wear mechanisms indicated that abrasive and adhesive wear dominates, and flaking and notching wear was also observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110509"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110522
Wenguang Liu , Liejiang Wei , Yan Zhang , Shengsheng Chen , Gengrui Zhao , Gui Gao , Honggang Wang
As wind turbine capacities increase, the demand for improved stability and reliability has intensified. Traditional rolling bearings used as wind turbine main bearings often prove insufficient under conditions of the low speeds, heavy loads, frequent start-stop cycles, and complex load environments, along with significantly high maintenance costs. Sliding bearings offer a promising alternative, yet research on high-performance materials tailored for Wind Turbine Main Shaft Sliding Bearings (WTMSSB) is limited. This study investigates the tribological behavior and failure mechanisms of several sliding bearing materials under complex operational conditions. Multi-condition friction and wear tests were conducted to evaluate the friction coefficient, friction temperature rise, and volume wear rate of Babbitt alloy (ZChSnSb11–6), bimetal CuSn10Pb10, pure PEEK, and the 10 % PTFE-filled modified PEEK composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to analyze the microstructural features and elemental distributions on wear surfaces and wear debris. The 10 % PTFE-filled modified PEEK composite demonstrated superior self-lubricating properties and wear resistance under both lubricated and dry friction conditions, showing strong potential for complex load environments. While Babbitt alloy exhibited low friction under oil lubrication, its high wear rate and susceptibility to adhesive failure under dry conditions limit its applicability. Bimetal CuSn10Pb10 displayed consistently high friction and poor wear resistance across all conditions, with a tendency for seizure. This study provides robust experimental evidence for optimizing sliding bearing materials for WTMSSB and offers guidance for future material development and practical applications.
{"title":"Investigation of tribological behavior and failure mechanisms of PEEK-based composites, Babbitt alloy, and CuSn10Pb10 bimetal for wind turbine main shaft sliding bearings under simulated operational conditions","authors":"Wenguang Liu , Liejiang Wei , Yan Zhang , Shengsheng Chen , Gengrui Zhao , Gui Gao , Honggang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As wind turbine capacities increase, the demand for improved stability and reliability has intensified. Traditional rolling bearings used as wind turbine main bearings often prove insufficient under conditions of the low speeds, heavy loads, frequent start-stop cycles, and complex load environments, along with significantly high maintenance costs. Sliding bearings offer a promising alternative, yet research on high-performance materials tailored for Wind Turbine Main Shaft Sliding Bearings (WTMSSB) is limited. This study investigates the tribological behavior and failure mechanisms of several sliding bearing materials under complex operational conditions. Multi-condition friction and wear tests were conducted to evaluate the friction coefficient, friction temperature rise, and volume wear rate of Babbitt alloy (ZChSnSb11–6), bimetal CuSn10Pb10, pure PEEK, and the 10 % PTFE-filled modified PEEK composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to analyze the microstructural features and elemental distributions on wear surfaces and wear debris. The 10 % PTFE-filled modified PEEK composite demonstrated superior self-lubricating properties and wear resistance under both lubricated and dry friction conditions, showing strong potential for complex load environments. While Babbitt alloy exhibited low friction under oil lubrication, its high wear rate and susceptibility to adhesive failure under dry conditions limit its applicability. Bimetal CuSn10Pb10 displayed consistently high friction and poor wear resistance across all conditions, with a tendency for seizure. This study provides robust experimental evidence for optimizing sliding bearing materials for WTMSSB and offers guidance for future material development and practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 110522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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