Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111727
Meng Zhang , Haolong Tian , Bing Li , Jiawang Chen , Xinpeng Li , Yujie Wang , Zhaoming Yan , Yushi Qi
The paper fabricates AlSi12 coating on Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy surface through optimizing laser cladding parameters to enhance the surface properties, including laser power and scanning velocity. The microstructure characteristic and wear resistance of the cladding layers were also systematically investigated. The high energy density from laser effectively melted AlSi12 powder and the Al, Si, Mg, Gd, Y atoms diffused to form a molten pool, which resulted in the formation of gradient composition at the interface. The results indicated the cladding layer achieved excellent metallurgical bonding with Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr substrate. In addition, the Mg2Si, Mg2Al3 and Mg17Al12 phase precipitated within cladding layer, and eutectic (Mg, Zn)3(Gd, Y) phase formed at transition zone. The average hardness of cladding layer reached 160 HV, representing 74 % increase compared to the substrate. Friction and wear tests show that AlSi12 coating at 1440 W demonstrates a lower wear volume compared with substrate, and the friction coefficient stably remains at 0.397 and wear mechanism is mainly controlled by adhesive wear.
{"title":"Insights into microstructure characteristics along with wear behavior of AlSi12 coating on Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy through laser cladding","authors":"Meng Zhang , Haolong Tian , Bing Li , Jiawang Chen , Xinpeng Li , Yujie Wang , Zhaoming Yan , Yushi Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper fabricates AlSi<sub>12</sub> coating on Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy surface through optimizing laser cladding parameters to enhance the surface properties, including laser power and scanning velocity. The microstructure characteristic and wear resistance of the cladding layers were also systematically investigated. The high energy density from laser effectively melted AlSi<sub>12</sub> powder and the Al, Si, Mg, Gd, Y atoms diffused to form a molten pool, which resulted in the formation of gradient composition at the interface. The results indicated the cladding layer achieved excellent metallurgical bonding with Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr substrate. In addition, the Mg<sub>2</sub>Si, Mg<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>3</sub> and Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub> phase precipitated within cladding layer, and eutectic (Mg, Zn)<sub>3</sub>(Gd, Y) phase formed at transition zone. The average hardness of cladding layer reached 160 HV, representing 74 % increase compared to the substrate. Friction and wear tests show that AlSi<sub>12</sub> coating at 1440 W demonstrates a lower wear volume compared with substrate, and the friction coefficient stably remains at 0.397 and wear mechanism is mainly controlled by adhesive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111727"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111725
Cong Li , Fei Du , Peimo Zhu , Guangnan Xu , Shouyin Wei , Xiaoliang Liu , Xuefei Ma , Li Yang , Yichun Zhou
High-temperature wear behavior is critical for abradable sealing coatings (ASCs). This study investigates the wear and fracture mechanisms of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) abradable sealing coatings (ASCs) through high-temperature reciprocating sliding tests and numerical simulations. After 64,800 sliding cycles under 1000°C, the YSZ ASCs show the maximum wear depth was 110.55 µm, which is in agreement with the finite element model (FEM). We demonstrate that the high-temperature reciprocating wear of YSZ ASCs is governed by a sequence of mechanisms initiated by thermal expansion mismatch, not by normal load (≤20 N). Crucially, these cracks are laterally deflected at the interface by thermal shear stresses, inducing mixed-mode (I-II) delamination. The final wear morphology arises from the synergistic interaction of abrasive grooving, adhesive material transfer, and fatigue-induced microcracking. These insights offer essential mechanistic guidance for developing YSZ abradable coatings and predicting their in-service lifespan.
{"title":"High temperature wear–fracture coupling mechanisms in YSZ abradable sealing coatings","authors":"Cong Li , Fei Du , Peimo Zhu , Guangnan Xu , Shouyin Wei , Xiaoliang Liu , Xuefei Ma , Li Yang , Yichun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature wear behavior is critical for abradable sealing coatings (ASCs). This study investigates the wear and fracture mechanisms of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) abradable sealing coatings (ASCs) through high-temperature reciprocating sliding tests and numerical simulations. After 64,800 sliding cycles under 1000°C, the YSZ ASCs show the maximum wear depth was 110.55 µm, which is in agreement with the finite element model (FEM). We demonstrate that the high-temperature reciprocating wear of YSZ ASCs is governed by a sequence of mechanisms initiated by thermal expansion mismatch, not by normal load (≤20 N). Crucially, these cracks are laterally deflected at the interface by thermal shear stresses, inducing mixed-mode (I-II) delamination. The final wear morphology arises from the synergistic interaction of abrasive grooving, adhesive material transfer, and fatigue-induced microcracking. These insights offer essential mechanistic guidance for developing YSZ abradable coatings and predicting their in-service lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111725"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance rotating machinery stability and overcome the limitations of passive bearings, this paper investigates an active hybrid oil lubricated bearing (AHB) controlled by a PD controller and electro-hydraulic servo valve. To address high computational costs in stability analysis, an efficient method using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) surrogate model is proposed. A comprehensive numerical model is established, coupling servo valve dynamics, orifice throttling, and a modified Reynolds equation. The MLP model is trained to predict nonlinear film forces, enabling the orbit method to analyze control parameters' effects on dynamic characteristics. The AHB model is coupled with a rotor finite element model for unbalance response analysis, validated via a test rig. Results show that active control significantly enhances performance: static minimum film thickness increases by 780 %, while dynamic primary stiffness, damping, and critical mass increase by 613 %, 105 %, and 380 %, respectively. Experimental and simulation analyses confirm superior vibration suppression: appropriately increasing the derivative gain kd reduces the maximum vibration amplitude by 13.4 μm, corresponding to a significant decrease of 40.1 % relative to the traditional passive bearing. Conversely, increasing proportional gain kp reduces system stiffness and critical speed. Under a switched control strategy, a pseudo first-order critical speed is induced, achieving a 22 % reduction compared to traditional bearings. These results highlight the AHB’s potential to actively reshape system frequency responses and overcome the inherent limitations of traditional passive bearings.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study on stability and vibration suppression of flexible rotor supported by an active hybrid oil lubricated journal bearing","authors":"Wenjie Gong, Kefan Xu, Guanghui Zhang, Yanzhong Huang, Jiazhen Han, Yibin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance rotating machinery stability and overcome the limitations of passive bearings, this paper investigates an active hybrid oil lubricated bearing (AHB) controlled by a PD controller and electro-hydraulic servo valve. To address high computational costs in stability analysis, an efficient method using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) surrogate model is proposed. A comprehensive numerical model is established, coupling servo valve dynamics, orifice throttling, and a modified Reynolds equation. The MLP model is trained to predict nonlinear film forces, enabling the orbit method to analyze control parameters' effects on dynamic characteristics. The AHB model is coupled with a rotor finite element model for unbalance response analysis, validated via a test rig. Results show that active control significantly enhances performance: static minimum film thickness increases by 780 %, while dynamic primary stiffness, damping, and critical mass increase by 613 %, 105 %, and 380 %, respectively. Experimental and simulation analyses confirm superior vibration suppression: appropriately increasing the derivative gain <em>k</em><sub>d</sub> reduces the maximum vibration amplitude by 13.4 μm, corresponding to a significant decrease of 40.1 % relative to the traditional passive bearing. Conversely, increasing proportional gain <em>k</em><sub>p</sub> reduces system stiffness and critical speed. Under a switched control strategy, a pseudo first-order critical speed is induced, achieving a 22 % reduction compared to traditional bearings. These results highlight the AHB’s potential to actively reshape system frequency responses and overcome the inherent limitations of traditional passive bearings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111723"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111719
Lejie Tian , Wei Wu , Peiwei Gong , Weixi Zhang , Xiao Lin , Huidan Xue , Dongsheng Li , Long Wang , Jianxi Liu
Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential in osteoarthritis (OA) therapy, synchronous realization of long-time lubrication and anti-inflammation remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic surface assembling strategy to modify MOFs by partially acidified sodium hyaluronate (SHA), and integrate it as a highly aqueous lubrication and anti-inflammatory system for controlled drug release. Inspired by natural composition and function of synovial fluid, SHA is partially acidified to carboxylic acid (SHA-COOH), enhancing aqueous dispersing stability and lubricating performance. Reductions in both coefficient of friction and wear volume are achieved in water, possessing high load-carrying capacity and long-term durability. After loading anti-inflammatory drug, the system shows sustained drug release, improving the drug delivery efficiency. By co-culturing the aspirin-loaded MOFs@SHA-COOH with C-28/I2 cells, the system shows good biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effect through tuning the expression of OA-related genes. Our work promotes biomacromolecule-functionalized MOFs as biomimetic dual-functional nanocarrier for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Dipole-charge interaction-driven biomimetic modification of MOFs for advanced anti-inflammation and sustained lubrication","authors":"Lejie Tian , Wei Wu , Peiwei Gong , Weixi Zhang , Xiao Lin , Huidan Xue , Dongsheng Li , Long Wang , Jianxi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential in osteoarthritis (OA) therapy, synchronous realization of long-time lubrication and anti-inflammation remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic surface assembling strategy to modify MOFs by partially acidified sodium hyaluronate (SHA), and integrate it as a highly aqueous lubrication and anti-inflammatory system for controlled drug release. Inspired by natural composition and function of synovial fluid, SHA is partially acidified to carboxylic acid (SHA-COOH), enhancing aqueous dispersing stability and lubricating performance. Reductions in both coefficient of friction and wear volume are achieved in water, possessing high load-carrying capacity and long-term durability. After loading anti-inflammatory drug, the system shows sustained drug release, improving the drug delivery efficiency. By co-culturing the aspirin-loaded MOFs@SHA-COOH with C-28/I2 cells, the system shows good biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effect through tuning the expression of OA-related genes. Our work promotes biomacromolecule-functionalized MOFs as biomimetic dual-functional nanocarrier for biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111719"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111718
Jiahao Ding , Hongyu Wu , Huan Wang , Shaoze Yan
At present, the visualization of stick-slip friction (SSF) behavior focuses on the interface between two transparent materials, which limits the understanding of the mechanisms of SSF. To overcome this limitation, a novel experimental system was developed using the frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) principle to dynamically observe the SSF behavior between opaque and transparent materials. Based on experimental results obtained from this system, characteristic parameters of tangential force and displacement during SSF — which quantify the mechanical response of the stick-slip cycle (including changes in force and displacement and time-domain quantities) — were proposed, alongside contact property evaluation metrics, to achieve multiscale quantitative characterization from macroscopic mechanical responses to local contact evolution. For a UPVC-glass friction pair, systematic experiments were conducted under varying normal loads, tangential driving velocities, and interface contact angles, which clarified the influence of working conditions on the mechanical behavior and contact characteristics of the SSF interface. The results indicated that the normal load and tangential driving velocity primarily modulated the magnitude of the macroscopic mechanical response, while the interface contact angle significantly influenced the local contact response. In particular, the principle for determining the tangential stiffness of the contact interface analogous to springs in series was validated. A critical invariant position, a seven-segment evolution pattern, and a periodic redistribution pattern of interface light intensity were revealed. This study provides a novel experimental approach and direction for exploring the universal mechanisms of SSF in multi-material systems.
{"title":"Visualization and experimental analysis of stick-slip friction behavior between opaque and transparent materials using frustrated total internal reflection method","authors":"Jiahao Ding , Hongyu Wu , Huan Wang , Shaoze Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At present, the visualization of stick-slip friction (SSF) behavior focuses on the interface between two transparent materials, which limits the understanding of the mechanisms of SSF. To overcome this limitation, a novel experimental system was developed using the frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) principle to dynamically observe the SSF behavior between opaque and transparent materials. Based on experimental results obtained from this system, characteristic parameters of tangential force and displacement during SSF <strong>—</strong> which quantify the mechanical response of the stick-slip cycle (including changes in force and displacement and time-domain quantities) <strong>—</strong> were proposed, alongside contact property evaluation metrics, to achieve multiscale quantitative characterization from macroscopic mechanical responses to local contact evolution. For a UPVC-glass friction pair, systematic experiments were conducted under varying normal loads, tangential driving velocities, and interface contact angles, which clarified the influence of working conditions on the mechanical behavior and contact characteristics of the SSF interface. The results indicated that the normal load and tangential driving velocity primarily modulated the magnitude of the macroscopic mechanical response, while the interface contact angle significantly influenced the local contact response. In particular, the principle for determining the tangential stiffness of the contact interface analogous to springs in series was validated. A critical invariant position, a seven-segment evolution pattern, and a periodic redistribution pattern of interface light intensity were revealed. This study provides a novel experimental approach and direction for exploring the universal mechanisms of SSF in multi-material systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111718"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a (TiBx+TiC)/TC4 composite coating was fabricated on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate using Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED), with emphasis on investigating the effect of B4C particle content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating. The results show that the composite coating is composed of α-Ti and β-Ti matrix phases, along with B4C, TiC, TiB, and TiB2 reinforcement phases. As the B4C content increases, the amounts of TiC, TiB, and TiB2 phases also increase. SEM and EBSD analyses reveal that the reinforcement phases primarily consist of whisker-and prismatic-shaped TiB, plate-like TiB2, and granular TiC. These phases are mainly distributed along grain boundaries, where they act as effective dislocation and grain boundary pinning agents, thereby inhibiting grain growth and promoting grain refinement. The fraction of high-angle grain boundaries reaches its lowest value at a B4C content of 4 wt%, further indicating that an appropriate amount of B4C can optimize the dynamic recrystallization behavior. The microhardness test results indicate that the coating with a B4C content of 6 wt% exhibits the highest average hardness of 447.82 ± 7.76 HV1, while also showing the largest hardness fluctuation, with a maximum variation of 26.66 HV1, which is mainly attributed to the agglomeration of ceramic phases. Under both room-temperature and high-temperature wear conditions, the coating with 4 wt% B4C exhibits the best wear resistance. The worn surface is primarily characterized by a small amount of uniformly distributed oxidation products, rather than extensive particle spallation. In contrast, coatings with either excessively low (<4 wt%) or high (>4 wt%) B4C content exhibit inferior wear resistance due to insufficient reinforcement phases or excessive particle agglomeration, respectively. This study reveals the intrinsic relationship among B4C content, spatial distribution of reinforcement phases, and wear resistance of the coating, providing valuable guidance for the design of high-performance TC4 composite coatings through controlled in situ phase formation and morphology optimization.
{"title":"Effect of B4C particle content on the wear resistance of in situ reinforced TC4 coatings by laser directed energy deposition","authors":"Wenlong Wang, Kai Zhang, Weijun Liu, Wenchao Xi, Zhuangzhuang Hou, Huiru Wang, Hongyou Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a (TiBx+TiC)/TC4 composite coating was fabricated on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate using Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED), with emphasis on investigating the effect of B<sub>4</sub>C particle content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating. The results show that the composite coating is composed of α-Ti and β-Ti matrix phases, along with B<sub>4</sub>C, TiC, TiB, and TiB<sub>2</sub> reinforcement phases. As the B<sub>4</sub>C content increases, the amounts of TiC, TiB, and TiB<sub>2</sub> phases also increase. SEM and EBSD analyses reveal that the reinforcement phases primarily consist of whisker-and prismatic-shaped TiB, plate-like TiB<sub>2</sub>, and granular TiC. These phases are mainly distributed along grain boundaries, where they act as effective dislocation and grain boundary pinning agents, thereby inhibiting grain growth and promoting grain refinement. The fraction of high-angle grain boundaries reaches its lowest value at a B<sub>4</sub>C content of 4 wt%, further indicating that an appropriate amount of B<sub>4</sub>C can optimize the dynamic recrystallization behavior. The microhardness test results indicate that the coating with a B<sub>4</sub>C content of 6 wt% exhibits the highest average hardness of 447.82 ± 7.76 HV<sub>1</sub>, while also showing the largest hardness fluctuation, with a maximum variation of 26.66 HV<sub>1</sub>, which is mainly attributed to the agglomeration of ceramic phases. Under both room-temperature and high-temperature wear conditions, the coating with 4 wt% B<sub>4</sub>C exhibits the best wear resistance. The worn surface is primarily characterized by a small amount of uniformly distributed oxidation products, rather than extensive particle spallation. In contrast, coatings with either excessively low (<4 wt%) or high (>4 wt%) B<sub>4</sub>C content exhibit inferior wear resistance due to insufficient reinforcement phases or excessive particle agglomeration, respectively. This study reveals the intrinsic relationship among B<sub>4</sub>C content, spatial distribution of reinforcement phases, and wear resistance of the coating, providing valuable guidance for the design of high-performance TC4 composite coatings through controlled in situ phase formation and morphology optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111722"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friction and wear in mechanical systems represent pivotal factors contributing to substantial energy dissipation and material failure, particularly under extreme service conditions. Herein, we engineer the surface of high-strength gear steel for aerospace applications via carbon ion implantation to achieve superior mechanical and tribological properties. Results show that at an implantation dose of 2 × 1017 ions/cm2, the nanohardness of the carbon-implanted sample is enhanced by 34.86 %, while the wear rate is reduced by 60 %, relative to unimplanted sample. Leveraging combined characterization experiments and atomistic simulations, we unravel that the improved hardness and wear resistance originate primarily from implantation-induced amorphization, defect structures, lattice distortions, and carbide precipitation. The performance enhancement is attributed to microstructural evolution driven by carbon implantation, which operates through solid-solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening mechanisms. Notably, we report unambiguous yet unexpected evidence supporting these findings. This work provides an intriguing pathway and fundamental insights for developing critical mechanical components with extended longevity and reduced environmental impact.
{"title":"Carbon ion implantation for wear reduction in aerospace gear steel: Multiscale insights from characterization and atomistic simulations","authors":"Jiangping Zhu , Wen Shao , Tingting Jiang , Jinyuan Tang , Xiaocheng Shen , Yelin Zeng , Yihao Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friction and wear in mechanical systems represent pivotal factors contributing to substantial energy dissipation and material failure, particularly under extreme service conditions. Herein, we engineer the surface of high-strength gear steel for aerospace applications via carbon ion implantation to achieve superior mechanical and tribological properties. Results show that at an implantation dose of 2 × 10<sup>17</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>, the nanohardness of the carbon-implanted sample is enhanced by 34.86 %, while the wear rate is reduced by 60 %, relative to unimplanted sample. Leveraging combined characterization experiments and atomistic simulations, we unravel that the improved hardness and wear resistance originate primarily from implantation-induced amorphization, defect structures, lattice distortions, and carbide precipitation. The performance enhancement is attributed to microstructural evolution driven by carbon implantation, which operates through solid-solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening mechanisms. Notably, we report unambiguous yet unexpected evidence supporting these findings. This work provides an intriguing pathway and fundamental insights for developing critical mechanical components with extended longevity and reduced environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111716"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111720
Yang Ding , Tao He , Xiangyang Du , Alexey Vereschaka , Catherine Sotova , Jian Li , Yuqi Wang , Peiyu He
(Zr,Cr,Al)N nanomultilayer coatings were deposited on 7050 aluminum alloy via filtered cathodic vacuum arc and controlled accelerated arc technologies under varying nitrogen pressures (0.33–1.33 Pa). The effects of nitrogen pressure on coating microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribocorrosion behavior were systematically investigated. Microstructural analysis revealed that varying nitrogen pressure induced non-monotonic changes in roughness, thickness, and grain size. At the optimal pressure of 1.00 Pa, the coating formed a dense fcc-ZrN/CrN(111) structure, which yielded a maximum hardness of 29.48 GPa and an adhesion strength of 20.49 N due to enhanced resistance to plastic deformation. Electrochemical tests revealed a minimum Icorr of 2.30 × 10−6 A·cm−2, confirming superior chemical inertness. Consequently, optimal tribocorrosion performance was achieved in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution: the coefficient of friction was as low as 0.271, and the wear rate reached 2.42 × 10−5mm3·(N·m)−1. Relative to the aluminum alloy, the wear rate decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude. The coated samples exhibited combined mechanisms of abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and corrosion–erosion wear. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that (Zr,Cr,Al)N nanomultilayer coatings deposited at 1.00 Pa are promising candidates for protecting aluminum-alloy components against synergistic wear-corrosion damage.
{"title":"Influence of nitrogen pressure on microstructure, mechanical, and tribocorrosion properties of (Zr,Cr,Al)N coatings on aluminum alloy","authors":"Yang Ding , Tao He , Xiangyang Du , Alexey Vereschaka , Catherine Sotova , Jian Li , Yuqi Wang , Peiyu He","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>(Zr,Cr,Al)N nanomultilayer coatings were deposited on 7050 aluminum alloy via filtered cathodic vacuum arc and controlled accelerated arc technologies under varying nitrogen pressures (0.33–1.33 Pa). The effects of nitrogen pressure on coating microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribocorrosion behavior were systematically investigated. Microstructural analysis revealed that varying nitrogen pressure induced non-monotonic changes in roughness, thickness, and grain size. At the optimal pressure of 1.00 Pa, the coating formed a dense fcc-ZrN/CrN(111) structure, which yielded a maximum hardness of 29.48 GPa and an adhesion strength of 20.49 N due to enhanced resistance to plastic deformation. Electrochemical tests revealed a minimum <em>I</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub> of 2.30 × 10<sup>−6</sup> A·cm<sup>−2</sup>, confirming superior chemical inertness. Consequently, optimal tribocorrosion performance was achieved in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution: the coefficient of friction was as low as 0.271, and the wear rate reached 2.42 × 10<sup>−5</sup>mm<sup>3</sup>·(N·m)<sup>−1</sup>. Relative to the aluminum alloy, the wear rate decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude. The coated samples exhibited combined mechanisms of abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and corrosion–erosion wear. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that (Zr,Cr,Al)N nanomultilayer coatings deposited at 1.00 Pa are promising candidates for protecting aluminum-alloy components against synergistic wear-corrosion damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111715
Yong Xu , Shuang Li , Hua Zhong , Kunhong Hu , Tianhui Ren
Lubricant additives effectively enhance the friction-reducing and anti-wear performance of polylactic acid plastic (PLA). However, current lubricant additives are restricted to fully water-soluble additives and water-insoluble additives. Herein, a slightly water-soluble lubricating additive (SWLA) of molybdenum acetylacetonate (DMo) was introduced into PLA. Compared with pure PLA, the crystallinity, microhardness, friction-reducing, and anti-wear performance of the PLA/DMo composite increased by 384.74 %, 19.71 %, 15.29 % and 63.39 %, respectively. First-principles calculations reveal that MoO3 from the decomposition of DMo can catalyze the degradation of PLA to form a carbonaceous transfer tribofilm. The excellent tribological properties of the PLA/DMo composite are attributed to the formation of highly graphitized carbonaceous transfer tribofilms. These findings showcase insightful guidance for the application of SWLA in polymer wear-resistant materials.
{"title":"Highly graphitized carbonaceous transfer tribofilms tribo-catalyzed by slightly water-soluble additives for reducing friction and wear of polylactic acid","authors":"Yong Xu , Shuang Li , Hua Zhong , Kunhong Hu , Tianhui Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lubricant additives effectively enhance the friction-reducing and anti-wear performance of polylactic acid plastic (PLA). However, current lubricant additives are restricted to fully water-soluble additives and water-insoluble additives. Herein, a slightly water-soluble lubricating additive (SWLA) of molybdenum acetylacetonate (DMo) was introduced into PLA. Compared with pure PLA, the crystallinity, microhardness, friction-reducing, and anti-wear performance of the PLA/DMo composite increased by 384.74 %, 19.71 %, 15.29 % and 63.39 %, respectively. First-principles calculations reveal that MoO<sub>3</sub> from the decomposition of DMo can catalyze the degradation of PLA to form a carbonaceous transfer tribofilm. The excellent tribological properties of the PLA/DMo composite are attributed to the formation of highly graphitized carbonaceous transfer tribofilms. These findings showcase insightful guidance for the application of SWLA in polymer wear-resistant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111717
Bin Li , Yunu Shi , Yuan Xv , Qingyuan Du , Shuna Chen , Qiuan Sun , Xiaofang Jiang , Dazhi Sun
Although waterborne polyamide-imide resin (WPAI) composite membranes have environmental advantages, their insufficient mechanical and tribological properties, resulting from the low degree of cross-linking of the resin molecules and weak interfacial bonding strength between the components, limit their applications. The study developed green waterborne DFs@WPAI@PTFE composite membranes by innovatively integrating renewable diatom frustules (DFs) and PTFE into a WPAI matrix, and the optimized DFs-5@WPAI@PTFE55 membrane achieved a 49 % increase in hardness and a 29 % reduction in wear rate, comparable to solvent-based membranes. The enhancements stem from DFs’ dual role of physical anchoring and chemical bonding, together with hydrogen bonding among the three components, which stabilized the interface and improved load transfer. The work provides a sustainable strategy for high-performance lubricating membranes, bridging environmental friendliness with engineering applicability.
{"title":"Bridging sustainability and performance: Renewable DFs-driven interfacial reinforcement in green waterborne WPAI@PTFE composite membranes","authors":"Bin Li , Yunu Shi , Yuan Xv , Qingyuan Du , Shuna Chen , Qiuan Sun , Xiaofang Jiang , Dazhi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.triboint.2026.111717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although waterborne polyamide-imide resin (WPAI) composite membranes have environmental advantages, their insufficient mechanical and tribological properties, resulting from the low degree of cross-linking of the resin molecules and weak interfacial bonding strength between the components, limit their applications. The study developed green waterborne DFs@WPAI@PTFE composite membranes by innovatively integrating renewable diatom frustules (DFs) and PTFE into a WPAI matrix, and the optimized DFs-5@WPAI@PTFE55 membrane achieved a 49 % increase in hardness and a 29 % reduction in wear rate, comparable to solvent-based membranes. The enhancements stem from DFs’ dual role of physical anchoring and chemical bonding, together with hydrogen bonding among the three components, which stabilized the interface and improved load transfer. The work provides a sustainable strategy for high-performance lubricating membranes, bridging environmental friendliness with engineering applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23238,"journal":{"name":"Tribology International","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111717"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号