Pub Date : 2008-03-01DOI: 10.1179/174591908X264446
Robert JP Samuel Briggs
{"title":"Innovation moves forward: towards 2025 or we die","authors":"Robert JP Samuel Briggs","doi":"10.1179/174591908X264446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174591908X264446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174591908X264446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65604957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The title for this paper was meant to be a little provocative but not to be taken absolutely literally. Also, in these days of so much concern about End of Life of Vehicles (ELV), let us state immediately that this paper is about the electrodeposition of metallic chromium deposits and not about the passivation of zinc deposits.
{"title":"Why functional trivalent chromium fails and hexavalent chromium is environmentally friendly","authors":"I. Shuker, K. Newby","doi":"10.1179/174591905X79175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/174591905X79175","url":null,"abstract":"The title for this paper was meant to be a little provocative but not to be taken absolutely literally. Also, in these days of so much concern about End of Life of Vehicles (ELV), let us state immediately that this paper is about the electrodeposition of metallic chromium deposits and not about the passivation of zinc deposits.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/174591905X79175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65604874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-05-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871259
Fang-Zu Yang, Shukai Xu, Ling Huang, Zhenlan Li, Sm Zhou
Some properties of Pd electroplating solution were studied. The results showed that current efficiency and velocity of palladium deposition were decreased and increased respectively by raising the current density, which indicated that the stirring of plating solution was an effective route to raise current efficiency. The choice of concentrations of potassium citrate and ammonium oxalate in solution was mainly determined by the complexing ability of potassium citrate for the palladium ion and the solubility of ammonium oxalate. The electrolyte was shown to have a good throwing power and excellent covering power Hull cell tests showed that an adherent, smooth, bright and white Pd electrodeposit could be obtained.
{"title":"Study on some properties of the electrolyte solution in the electrodeposition of palladium","authors":"Fang-Zu Yang, Shukai Xu, Ling Huang, Zhenlan Li, Sm Zhou","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871259","url":null,"abstract":"Some properties of Pd electroplating solution were studied. The results showed that current efficiency and velocity of palladium deposition were decreased and increased respectively by raising the current density, which indicated that the stirring of plating solution was an effective route to raise current efficiency. The choice of concentrations of potassium citrate and ammonium oxalate in solution was mainly determined by the complexing ability of potassium citrate for the palladium ion and the solubility of ammonium oxalate. The electrolyte was shown to have a good throwing power and excellent covering power Hull cell tests showed that an adherent, smooth, bright and white Pd electrodeposit could be obtained.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871257
A. Crossland, G. Thompson, P. Skeldon, C.J.E. Smith, H. Habazaki, K. Shimizu
The growth of anodic films on non-equilibrium Al-16.2 at.% Mn-2.7 at. Ce alloy has been examined in ammonium pentaborate, sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid electrolytes, providing a pH range from 0.2 to 12. Barrier-type anodic films are developed during anodizing to high voltages, the film growth resulting in formation of a main film material, comprising most of the film thickness, composed of units of Al 2 O 3 , MnO and CeO 2 . The Mn 2+ and Ce 4+ ions migrate outward faster than Al 3+ ions, enabling formation of a thin, manganese-rich and cerium-rich, outermost film layer during anodizing in alkaline conditions. This layer sustains barrier film growth to high pH by allowing ingress of O 2- but preventing ejection of Al 3+ ions to the electrolyte. In sulphuric acid electrolyte, the outer film layer does not form. Furthermore, the outer 50% of the film contains a reduced amount of cerium, possibly due to transient porosity. However, the film remains relatively resistant to the acid electrolyte, thus hindering the transition to growth of porous film material.
{"title":"Acid- and Alkali-Resistant Film Generation on an Al-Mn-Ce Alloy","authors":"A. Crossland, G. Thompson, P. Skeldon, C.J.E. Smith, H. Habazaki, K. Shimizu","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871257","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of anodic films on non-equilibrium Al-16.2 at.% Mn-2.7 at. Ce alloy has been examined in ammonium pentaborate, sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid electrolytes, providing a pH range from 0.2 to 12. Barrier-type anodic films are developed during anodizing to high voltages, the film growth resulting in formation of a main film material, comprising most of the film thickness, composed of units of Al 2 O 3 , MnO and CeO 2 . The Mn 2+ and Ce 4+ ions migrate outward faster than Al 3+ ions, enabling formation of a thin, manganese-rich and cerium-rich, outermost film layer during anodizing in alkaline conditions. This layer sustains barrier film growth to high pH by allowing ingress of O 2- but preventing ejection of Al 3+ ions to the electrolyte. In sulphuric acid electrolyte, the outer film layer does not form. Furthermore, the outer 50% of the film contains a reduced amount of cerium, possibly due to transient porosity. However, the film remains relatively resistant to the acid electrolyte, thus hindering the transition to growth of porous film material.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871258
X. Haowen, Z. Bangwei, Yang Qiaoqin
Ternary amorphous Ni-Sn-P alloys were prepared by electroless plating. The influences of technological conditions on the deposition rate and concentration of deposits were studied in detail. The structure of deposits were examined by X-ray diffraction. The addition of tin into Ni-P alloys improved the formability of the amorphous phase. The corrosion properties of deposits immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4, 5% HCl, 10% NaCl and 50% NaOH were determined. It has been found that the addition of Sn into Ni-P deposits did not usually improve the corrosion resistance compared with that of electroless amorphous Ni-P deposits. However, the corrosion resistance of Ni-Sn-P amorphous deposits was as good as that of stainless steel, at last.
采用化学镀法制备了三元非晶Ni-Sn-P合金。详细研究了工艺条件对沉积速率和沉积物浓度的影响。用x射线衍射检查了镀层的结构。在Ni-P合金中加入锡改善了非晶相的成形性。在0.5 M H2SO4、5% HCl、10% NaCl和50% NaOH溶液中测定了镀层的腐蚀性能。研究发现，在Ni-P镀层中添加Sn与化学镀Ni-P镀层相比，通常不能提高镀层的耐蚀性。而Ni-Sn-P非晶镀层的耐蚀性与不锈钢相当。
{"title":"Preparation, structure and corrosion properties of electroless amorphous Ni-Sn-P alloys","authors":"X. Haowen, Z. Bangwei, Yang Qiaoqin","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871258","url":null,"abstract":"Ternary amorphous Ni-Sn-P alloys were prepared by electroless plating. The influences of technological conditions on the deposition rate and concentration of deposits were studied in detail. The structure of deposits were examined by X-ray diffraction. The addition of tin into Ni-P alloys improved the formability of the amorphous phase. The corrosion properties of deposits immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4, 5% HCl, 10% NaCl and 50% NaOH were determined. It has been found that the addition of Sn into Ni-P deposits did not usually improve the corrosion resistance compared with that of electroless amorphous Ni-P deposits. However, the corrosion resistance of Ni-Sn-P amorphous deposits was as good as that of stainless steel, at last.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871276
A. Pakes, G. Thompson, P. Skeldon, P. Morgan, K. Shimizu
SUMMARYThe growth of anodic films on aluminium in disodium tetraborate, so-called alkaline anodizing, has been examined by transmission electron microscopy of plan views of stripped anodic films and ultramicrotomed sections of the anodic film attached to the aluminium substrate. For the conditions selected, initial film growth proceeds at relatively high efficiency under galvanostatic anodizing conditions; during the following constant voltage period, porous anodic film results. The latter arises through penetration of electrolyte species into the alumina film, with eventual focus of the field in such regions, establishing conditions for field assisted dissolution, probably thermally enhanced, and development of a porous anodic film. The cell walls adjacent to the pores have a feathered appearance, which results from mechanical disruption of the film material at the pore base under the high field.
{"title":"Anodizing of aluminium in borax solution","authors":"A. Pakes, G. Thompson, P. Skeldon, P. Morgan, K. Shimizu","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871276","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe growth of anodic films on aluminium in disodium tetraborate, so-called alkaline anodizing, has been examined by transmission electron microscopy of plan views of stripped anodic films and ultramicrotomed sections of the anodic film attached to the aluminium substrate. For the conditions selected, initial film growth proceeds at relatively high efficiency under galvanostatic anodizing conditions; during the following constant voltage period, porous anodic film results. The latter arises through penetration of electrolyte species into the alumina film, with eventual focus of the field in such regions, establishing conditions for field assisted dissolution, probably thermally enhanced, and development of a porous anodic film. The cell walls adjacent to the pores have a feathered appearance, which results from mechanical disruption of the film material at the pore base under the high field.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871263
A. Brace
The origin of process defects that may occur in the production of anodized finishes is categorized and the literature on process defects is reviewed. The author suggests from personal experience that in many plants steps taken to overcome problems due to the occurrence of defects is largely empirical and based on prior experience It is considered that this is a situation in which a systematic approach using computer-based information technology has practical advantages. After briefly discussing expert systems that have been used in metal finishing it is argued that these have limitations when applied to the identification of process defects since there is a degree of uncertainty existing as to the conditions that prevailed when the defect was produced. A neural networks program, considered to be particularly suited to evaluating problems in condition of uncertainty, has been adapted for the identification of defects. The primary classification is based on whether the defect is below or within the anodic coating, or associated with sealing. Having made this primary identification the user is directed to a file which relates to a specific process stage at which the defect was produced. After entering those features that describe the defect the program will identify the defect and indicate the probability of the classification being correct. Examples are given of the application of the program to defect identification.
{"title":"An expert system to identify anodic coating process defects. Part 1 : The contribution of neural networks","authors":"A. Brace","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871263","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of process defects that may occur in the production of anodized finishes is categorized and the literature on process defects is reviewed. The author suggests from personal experience that in many plants steps taken to overcome problems due to the occurrence of defects is largely empirical and based on prior experience It is considered that this is a situation in which a systematic approach using computer-based information technology has practical advantages. After briefly discussing expert systems that have been used in metal finishing it is argued that these have limitations when applied to the identification of process defects since there is a degree of uncertainty existing as to the conditions that prevailed when the defect was produced. A neural networks program, considered to be particularly suited to evaluating problems in condition of uncertainty, has been adapted for the identification of defects. The primary classification is based on whether the defect is below or within the anodic coating, or associated with sealing. Having made this primary identification the user is directed to a file which relates to a specific process stage at which the defect was produced. After entering those features that describe the defect the program will identify the defect and indicate the probability of the classification being correct. Examples are given of the application of the program to defect identification.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871285
G. Ottewill, F. Walsh
{"title":"The Speed of Metal Deposition and Dissolution","authors":"G. Ottewill, F. Walsh","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58743119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871293
Tu Zhang-mi, Yang Zhe-long, An Maozhong, Lian Wen-liang, Zhang Jing-shuang
In this paper, by using XRD and XPS the composition and the structure of Zn-Co alloy coating containing Co 0.6%-0.8% and its corrosive products have been investigated analytically; a comparison of corrosion resistance between the alloy coating and conventional zinc coating has been performed; and finally the mechanism of its high corrosion resistance has been presented and discussed.
{"title":"Research on the structure and the corrosion resistance of Zn-Co alloy coating","authors":"Tu Zhang-mi, Yang Zhe-long, An Maozhong, Lian Wen-liang, Zhang Jing-shuang","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871293","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, by using XRD and XPS the composition and the structure of Zn-Co alloy coating containing Co 0.6%-0.8% and its corrosive products have been investigated analytically; a comparison of corrosion resistance between the alloy coating and conventional zinc coating has been performed; and finally the mechanism of its high corrosion resistance has been presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58743565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871250
H. Yan, J. Dowries, P. Boden, S. Harris
SUBJECTTyres which are radially reinforced with high tensile steel cords need to develop a bond between the rubber and the steel. Brass coatings on the cord are currently used to promote the bond but deterioration takes place with time and corrosion of the underlying steel occurs eventually. Zinc-cobalt coatings have been used as a replacement for brass. These coatings are capable of being drawn in the cord making operation provided that the cobalt content is 1.5wt%. Pull-out tests after vulcanising show that zinc-cobalt promotes similar adhesive strengths to that achieved with brass coatings. After ageing in warm moist conditions for up to 16 days the zinc-cobalt coating maintained higher levels of adhesion than brass. In tyre tests the zinc-cobalt coatings were superior in preventing red rust formation on the steel
{"title":"Use of Zinc Alloy Coatings on Steel Cord Reinforcement in Vehicle Tyres","authors":"H. Yan, J. Dowries, P. Boden, S. Harris","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871250","url":null,"abstract":"SUBJECTTyres which are radially reinforced with high tensile steel cords need to develop a bond between the rubber and the steel. Brass coatings on the cord are currently used to promote the bond but deterioration takes place with time and corrosion of the underlying steel occurs eventually. Zinc-cobalt coatings have been used as a replacement for brass. These coatings are capable of being drawn in the cord making operation provided that the cobalt content is 1.5wt%. Pull-out tests after vulcanising show that zinc-cobalt promotes similar adhesive strengths to that achieved with brass coatings. After ageing in warm moist conditions for up to 16 days the zinc-cobalt coating maintained higher levels of adhesion than brass. In tyre tests the zinc-cobalt coatings were superior in preventing red rust formation on the steel","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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