Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871251
Can-zhu Gao, Y. Lu, S. Yue, Hai-tao Wang
The effects of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol and three compounds of different valence sulfur (sodium benzenesulfonate, sodium benzenesulfinate and thiosalicylic acid) on the surface morphology and crystal ori...
{"title":"Effects of the Compounds containing Different Valence Sulfur on the Electrocrystallization of Nickel","authors":"Can-zhu Gao, Y. Lu, S. Yue, Hai-tao Wang","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871251","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of 2-butyne-1, 4-diol and three compounds of different valence sulfur (sodium benzenesulfonate, sodium benzenesulfinate and thiosalicylic acid) on the surface morphology and crystal ori...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"75-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871294
G. Ottewill, F. Walsh
{"title":"Moles, Molecular Masses and Relative Molecular Masses in Metal Finishing","authors":"G. Ottewill, F. Walsh","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"248-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58743979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871269
M. El-Sharif, J. Mcdougall, C. Chisholm
SUMMARYHexavalent chromium process provides unique engineering coatings in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. However, this process is under pressure due to its environmentally unfriendly attributes. Recently significant advances have been made on the development of an electrolyte based on chromium(III)-glycine complex. A successful enhancement of both quality of deposits and the rate of deposition has been achieved using high speed and conventional techniques. A clear correlation has been established between the percentage chromium metal deposited and the formation of chromium (III)-glycine complexes leading to the identification of the species suitable for chromium deposition.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of thick chromium coatings from an environmentally acceptable chromium (III)-glycine complex","authors":"M. El-Sharif, J. Mcdougall, C. Chisholm","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871269","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYHexavalent chromium process provides unique engineering coatings in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. However, this process is under pressure due to its environmentally unfriendly attributes. Recently significant advances have been made on the development of an electrolyte based on chromium(III)-glycine complex. A successful enhancement of both quality of deposits and the rate of deposition has been achieved using high speed and conventional techniques. A clear correlation has been established between the percentage chromium metal deposited and the formation of chromium (III)-glycine complexes leading to the identification of the species suitable for chromium deposition.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"46 1","pages":"139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871274
J. Abys, E. Kudrak, C. Fan
SUMMARYPalladium and its alloys have become the standard precious metal finishes for high reliability connectors. While pure palladium is preferred for high temperature automotive applications, palladium-nickel has become the preferred finish for ambient temperature, high insertion applications such as edge card connectors. However, palladium-nickel, when plated over nickel, is not without its problems. Quality control issues related to the measurement of composition and thickness by simple, non-destructive XRF analysis remain a significant concern. Palladium-cobalt does not suffer from this shortcoming, and furthermore has been found to outperform palladium-nickel for high durability applications.In this study, the metallurgical structure of palladium-nickel and palladium-cobalt electrodeposits is characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. In addition, the hardness, porosity, wear performance and thermal stability, among other properties, are discussed.
{"title":"The materials properties and contact reliability of palladium-cobalt","authors":"J. Abys, E. Kudrak, C. Fan","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871274","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYPalladium and its alloys have become the standard precious metal finishes for high reliability connectors. While pure palladium is preferred for high temperature automotive applications, palladium-nickel has become the preferred finish for ambient temperature, high insertion applications such as edge card connectors. However, palladium-nickel, when plated over nickel, is not without its problems. Quality control issues related to the measurement of composition and thickness by simple, non-destructive XRF analysis remain a significant concern. Palladium-cobalt does not suffer from this shortcoming, and furthermore has been found to outperform palladium-nickel for high durability applications.In this study, the metallurgical structure of palladium-nickel and palladium-cobalt electrodeposits is characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. In addition, the hardness, porosity, wear performance and thermal stability, among other properties, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"164-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871261
S. E. Hadian, D. Gabe
The scope of pulse plating has been defined in the context of the manufacturing production of platinum electrodeposits. The influence of electrolyte variables on the current efficiency has been investigated for P salt solution. Deposition performances under conventional and pulsed current have been compared and increases in current efficiency noted.
{"title":"The use of pulsed current techniques for electrodeposition of platinum","authors":"S. E. Hadian, D. Gabe","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871261","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of pulse plating has been defined in the context of the manufacturing production of platinum electrodeposits. The influence of electrolyte variables on the current efficiency has been investigated for P salt solution. Deposition performances under conventional and pulsed current have been compared and increases in current efficiency noted.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"108-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871281
Can-zhu Gao, Y. Lu, Hai-tao Wang, S. Yue
SUMMARYThe effects of saccharin and three kinds of pyridine derivatives [pyridine, 3-amino-pyridine and pyridinium-1-propane-3′-sulfonate (PPS)] on the surface morphology and crystal orientation of nickel electrodeposited from a Watts bath (1M NiSO4 + 0.2 M NiCl2 + 0.5 M H3BO3) have been studied by means of electrochemical methods, scanning electron microscopy, and measurement of X-ray diffraction patterns. Saccharin and three kinds of pyridine derivatives were adsorbed on the electrode and inhibited the reduction of nickel ion. The inhibitory effect on the reduction of nickel ion increased in the order 3-amino-pyridine, pyridine and PPS. Large-grained electrodeposits were obtained from the Watts bath in the absence of organic additives. Fine-grained, bright, compact and smooth nickel electrodeposits, which had a preferred orientation with a (111) plane parallel to the surface, were obtained from the Watts bath containing PPS, saccharin and EPB.
摘要采用电化学、扫描电镜和x射线衍射等方法研究了糖精和三种吡啶衍生物[吡啶、3-氨基吡啶和吡啶-1-丙烷-3′-磺酸盐(PPS)]对瓦浴(1M NiSO4 + 0.2 M NiCl2 + 0.5 M H3BO3)电沉积镍的表面形貌和晶体取向的影响。糖精和三种吡啶衍生物吸附在电极上，抑制了镍离子的还原。对镍离子还原的抑制效果依次为3-氨基吡啶、吡啶、PPS。在没有有机添加剂的情况下，从瓦茨浴中获得了大晶粒的镀层。在含有PPS、糖精和EPB的Watts浴液中，获得了晶粒细、光亮、致密、光滑的镍镀层，其取向与表面平行(111)面。
{"title":"Effects of saccharin and pyridine derivatives on the electrocrystallization of nickel","authors":"Can-zhu Gao, Y. Lu, Hai-tao Wang, S. Yue","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871281","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe effects of saccharin and three kinds of pyridine derivatives [pyridine, 3-amino-pyridine and pyridinium-1-propane-3′-sulfonate (PPS)] on the surface morphology and crystal orientation of nickel electrodeposited from a Watts bath (1M NiSO4 + 0.2 M NiCl2 + 0.5 M H3BO3) have been studied by means of electrochemical methods, scanning electron microscopy, and measurement of X-ray diffraction patterns. Saccharin and three kinds of pyridine derivatives were adsorbed on the electrode and inhibited the reduction of nickel ion. The inhibitory effect on the reduction of nickel ion increased in the order 3-amino-pyridine, pyridine and PPS. Large-grained electrodeposits were obtained from the Watts bath in the absence of organic additives. Fine-grained, bright, compact and smooth nickel electrodeposits, which had a preferred orientation with a (111) plane parallel to the surface, were obtained from the Watts bath containing PPS, saccharin and EPB.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"192-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58743028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871237
A. Averill, J. Ingram, P. Nolan
SUMMARYIn replacing traditionally used solvents for external wipe cleaning applications with newer and more environmentally friendly solvent systems, account has to be taken of their volatility since this has a great bearing on the cost of the cleaning process as well as on occupational health hazards to operatives. To determine the concentrations of solvent vapour which will be produced in the workspace and to make sure that these do not exceed occupational exposure limits, it is necessary to know not only the workspace ventilation conditions but also the source evaporation rate of the solvent used. A study carried out to compare the evaporation rates of the traditional solvents under varying conditions to those of the proposed replacement substances is reported and a detailed discussion given of the usefulness of evaporation models to predict emission rates.
{"title":"Replacing TCA and CFC-113 with HFE and HFC based azeotropes and n-propyl bromide based solvents for wipe cleaning metal components: Source evaporation rates and models","authors":"A. Averill, J. Ingram, P. Nolan","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871237","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYIn replacing traditionally used solvents for external wipe cleaning applications with newer and more environmentally friendly solvent systems, account has to be taken of their volatility since this has a great bearing on the cost of the cleaning process as well as on occupational health hazards to operatives. To determine the concentrations of solvent vapour which will be produced in the workspace and to make sure that these do not exceed occupational exposure limits, it is necessary to know not only the workspace ventilation conditions but also the source evaporation rate of the solvent used. A study carried out to compare the evaporation rates of the traditional solvents under varying conditions to those of the proposed replacement substances is reported and a detailed discussion given of the usefulness of evaporation models to predict emission rates.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871254
C. L. Aravinda, S. Mayanna
SUMMARYThin films of Ni-Fe alloys of various compositions have been deposited potentiostatically from an alkaline sulfate bath solution containing the sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and triammonium citrate (TAC). The complex nature of the bath solution was analyzed by cyclic potentiometric and spectrophotometric studies. The composition of the alloy was found to vary with the plating bath composition (Ni/Fe), plating potential and the concentration of complexing agent (EDTA). XRD studies showed that alloys are solid solutions of Fe in Ni (γ-Phase) with fcc structure, free from oxides/hydroxides and pore free. The surface analysis by SEM revealed the nucleation by crystallites giving smooth deposit. The magnetic properties (Hc, Ms and squareness ratio) were evaluated from the parallel (in-plane) and perpendicular hysteresis loops. Plating conditions were optimized to plate good quality thin films of Ni-Fe alloy with 80% Ni(Permalloy) with tailor made magnetic properties which suit ...
{"title":"Potentiostatic deposition of thin films of Ni-Fe alloys","authors":"C. L. Aravinda, S. Mayanna","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871254","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThin films of Ni-Fe alloys of various compositions have been deposited potentiostatically from an alkaline sulfate bath solution containing the sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and triammonium citrate (TAC). The complex nature of the bath solution was analyzed by cyclic potentiometric and spectrophotometric studies. The composition of the alloy was found to vary with the plating bath composition (Ni/Fe), plating potential and the concentration of complexing agent (EDTA). XRD studies showed that alloys are solid solutions of Fe in Ni (γ-Phase) with fcc structure, free from oxides/hydroxides and pore free. The surface analysis by SEM revealed the nucleation by crystallites giving smooth deposit. The magnetic properties (Hc, Ms and squareness ratio) were evaluated from the parallel (in-plane) and perpendicular hysteresis loops. Plating conditions were optimized to plate good quality thin films of Ni-Fe alloy with 80% Ni(Permalloy) with tailor made magnetic properties which suit ...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"87-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871270
J. Farr, C. M. Mustafa
{"title":"The determination of chlorine dioxide in the presence of other oxychlorine species","authors":"J. Farr, C. M. Mustafa","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"145-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871260
Z. Junxi, Chen Jian, Qiao Yinan, Cao Chunan
A thick passive film showing interference colours has been obtained on 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid solution without Cr 6+ ions by applying alternating square wave polarization. An investigation of the chemical composition and the distribution of valence states in the profile of the film has been carried out by using XPS. A mechanism for the colouring process is proposed.
{"title":"The growth mechanism of the coloured passive film formed on 304 stainless steel in sulfuric solution without Cr6+ ion by using A.V. passivation","authors":"Z. Junxi, Chen Jian, Qiao Yinan, Cao Chunan","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871260","url":null,"abstract":"A thick passive film showing interference colours has been obtained on 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid solution without Cr 6+ ions by applying alternating square wave polarization. An investigation of the chemical composition and the distribution of valence states in the profile of the film has been carried out by using XPS. A mechanism for the colouring process is proposed.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"77 1","pages":"106-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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