Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871264
A. Brace
The advantages of using a neural networks program for the identification of anodic coating process defects has been detailed in Part I of this paper. Having identified the defect it was considered desirable to develop a database which would provide information on the causes of defects, advise on corrective measures, include a relevant bibliography and be able to provide a graphics display of the defect where applicable. After illustrating some of the earlier databases the advantages of using a program containing a hypertext facility has been demonstrated and possible further development of the system is discussed.
{"title":"An expert system to identify anodic coating process defects. Part 2 : Compiling the hypertext database","authors":"A. Brace","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871264","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of using a neural networks program for the identification of anodic coating process defects has been detailed in Part I of this paper. Having identified the defect it was considered desirable to develop a database which would provide information on the causes of defects, advise on corrective measures, include a relevant bibliography and be able to provide a graphics display of the defect where applicable. After illustrating some of the earlier databases the advantages of using a program containing a hypertext facility has been demonstrated and possible further development of the system is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871275
F. Walsh, G. Ottewill
{"title":"Electrochemical cell reactions","authors":"F. Walsh, G. Ottewill","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871245
Y. Wan, Y. L. Wang, H. Tao, G. Cheng, X. Dong
Cu-MoSi 2 composite coatings were obtained by an electrodeposition technique from a conventional acid copper sulfate bath. The effects of plating variable, such as particle concentration in the bath, cathode current density, stir rate and stir type on particle content in the composite coatings (Vp) were between Vp and stir rate, particle concentration in the bath and current density were related to the nature of incorporated particles (the density and electrical resistivity). Moreover, stir type showed a great effect on Vp of Cu-MoSi 2 . The codeposition rate and internal stress of Cu-MoSi 2 composite coatings were greatly influenced by plating variables. The physicomechanical properties electrical resistivity, hardness and wear resistance of Cu-MoSi 2 and Cu-Al 2 O 3 were determined. It was established that microhardness and wear resistance increased with the increase of Vp for both Cu-MoSi 2 and Cu-Al 2 O 3 . The hardness and electrical resistivity of Cu-MoSi 2 were lower compared with Cu-Al 2 O 3 . However, it was more abrasive than Cu-Al 2 O 3 .
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of Cu-MoSi2 composite coatings","authors":"Y. Wan, Y. L. Wang, H. Tao, G. Cheng, X. Dong","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871245","url":null,"abstract":"Cu-MoSi 2 composite coatings were obtained by an electrodeposition technique from a conventional acid copper sulfate bath. The effects of plating variable, such as particle concentration in the bath, cathode current density, stir rate and stir type on particle content in the composite coatings (Vp) were between Vp and stir rate, particle concentration in the bath and current density were related to the nature of incorporated particles (the density and electrical resistivity). Moreover, stir type showed a great effect on Vp of Cu-MoSi 2 . The codeposition rate and internal stress of Cu-MoSi 2 composite coatings were greatly influenced by plating variables. The physicomechanical properties electrical resistivity, hardness and wear resistance of Cu-MoSi 2 and Cu-Al 2 O 3 were determined. It was established that microhardness and wear resistance increased with the increase of Vp for both Cu-MoSi 2 and Cu-Al 2 O 3 . The hardness and electrical resistivity of Cu-MoSi 2 were lower compared with Cu-Al 2 O 3 . However, it was more abrasive than Cu-Al 2 O 3 .","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871247
H. D. Merchant, M. G. Rozboril
The 18 pm to 72 μ thick commercial electrodeposited copper foils GR I and GR 3, the experimentalfoil TCAM and the commercial rolled foil GR 8 are tested in bulge and in tension at temperatures up t...
{"title":"Hydraulic bulge test of electrodeposited copper foil","authors":"H. D. Merchant, M. G. Rozboril","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871247","url":null,"abstract":"The 18 pm to 72 μ thick commercial electrodeposited copper foils GR I and GR 3, the experimentalfoil TCAM and the commercial rolled foil GR 8 are tested in bulge and in tension at temperatures up t...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871249
T. Child, W. V. Ooij
Environmental, safety and cost issues surrounding the continued use of chromates have led to increased R&D activities to find alternative materials. Recent developments in the application of silane...
围绕铬酸盐的持续使用，环境、安全和成本问题导致研发活动增加，以寻找替代材料。硅烷应用的最新进展…
{"title":"Application of Silane Technology to Prevent Corrosion of Metals and Improve Paint Adhesion","authors":"T. Child, W. V. Ooij","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871249","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental, safety and cost issues surrounding the continued use of chromates have led to increased R&D activities to find alternative materials. Recent developments in the application of silane...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871238
A. Abbott, C. Eardley, N. Farley, A. Pratt
SUMMARYThis work describes novel room temperature molten salts which can be used for aluminium electrodeposition. We have characterised the conductivity as a function of the bath composition and shown that the changes in conductivity occur because of an equilibrium between [Al2Cl7] and [AlCl2 The voltammetry of the optimum melt is analysed together with the mechanism of nucleation. Hull cell tests were performed and the morphology of the deposits was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. These room temperature molten salts have a number of advantages over those described in the literature including lower water sensitivity, greater ease of purification and greatly reduced cost. The electrodeposition of adherent, dull aluminium is demonstrated. It is also shown that soluble aluminium anodes can be used. These novel baths form a viable alternative to conventional methods of depositing aluminium.
{"title":"Novel Room Temperature Molten Salts for Aluminium Electrodeposition","authors":"A. Abbott, C. Eardley, N. Farley, A. Pratt","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871238","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThis work describes novel room temperature molten salts which can be used for aluminium electrodeposition. We have characterised the conductivity as a function of the bath composition and shown that the changes in conductivity occur because of an equilibrium between [Al2Cl7] and [AlCl2 The voltammetry of the optimum melt is analysed together with the mechanism of nucleation. Hull cell tests were performed and the morphology of the deposits was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. These room temperature molten salts have a number of advantages over those described in the literature including lower water sensitivity, greater ease of purification and greatly reduced cost. The electrodeposition of adherent, dull aluminium is demonstrated. It is also shown that soluble aluminium anodes can be used. These novel baths form a viable alternative to conventional methods of depositing aluminium.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871252
Y. Zhang, M. Yao
SUMMARYA useful coating technology for electroless Ni-1.5wt%P has been developed. The bath can work normally for more than 5 turnovers with a plating rate of 20 μm/h. In the as-deposited condition, Ni-1.5wt%P deposit is a supersaturated solid solution of P dissolved in a nanocrystalline Ni matrix with a grain size of several nanometers. The microstructure transformed into a larger grain size Ni matrix with dispersive Ni3P precipitates with increasing the heat treatment temperature. Ni-1.5wt%P deposit possesses as-deposited hardness and wear resistance superior to Ni-10.5wt%P deposit. The microhardness and wear resistance can be further improved by proper heat treatment. The optimum wear resistance of Ni-1.5wt%P deposit corresponds to its peak hardness (annealing at 375°C for 1 h), whereas for Ni-10.5wt%P deposit the optimum wear resistance is obtained after annealing at 650°C for 1 h. Ni-1.5wt%Ppossesses a corrosion resistance in NaOH solution superior to conventional medium and high phosphorus deposits, ...
{"title":"Studies of Electroless Nickel Deposits with Low Phosphorus Content","authors":"Y. Zhang, M. Yao","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871252","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYA useful coating technology for electroless Ni-1.5wt%P has been developed. The bath can work normally for more than 5 turnovers with a plating rate of 20 μm/h. In the as-deposited condition, Ni-1.5wt%P deposit is a supersaturated solid solution of P dissolved in a nanocrystalline Ni matrix with a grain size of several nanometers. The microstructure transformed into a larger grain size Ni matrix with dispersive Ni3P precipitates with increasing the heat treatment temperature. Ni-1.5wt%P deposit possesses as-deposited hardness and wear resistance superior to Ni-10.5wt%P deposit. The microhardness and wear resistance can be further improved by proper heat treatment. The optimum wear resistance of Ni-1.5wt%P deposit corresponds to its peak hardness (annealing at 375°C for 1 h), whereas for Ni-10.5wt%P deposit the optimum wear resistance is obtained after annealing at 650°C for 1 h. Ni-1.5wt%Ppossesses a corrosion resistance in NaOH solution superior to conventional medium and high phosphorus deposits, ...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871272
J. Wharton, G. Wilcox, K. R. Baldwin
A number of possible non-chromate conversion coating formulations have been studied to examine their efficacy as replacements for chromate-based coating treatments on electrodeposited zinc-nickel alloys. Data have been collected from both electrochemical and conventional salt fog corrosion tests. In the latter tests all the alternative non-chromate systems studied delayed the onset of the corrosion of the zinc-nickel coating itself but only the simple molybdate and the permanganate/molybdate dual treatment brought about improvements in times to red rusting of the steel substrate. The electrochemical evaluations suggested that simple molybdate-treated surfaces act as only moderate barriers to the chloride environments. Of the two dual treatments, permanganate/molybdate behaved similarly to the simple molybdate treated surfaces in the electrochemical tests, but the molybdate/permanganate was more protective, although this was not exhibited in the salt fog corrosion tests.
{"title":"An Electrochemical Evaluation of Possible Non-Chromate Conversion Coating Treatments for Electrodeposited Zinc-Nickel Alloys","authors":"J. Wharton, G. Wilcox, K. R. Baldwin","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871272","url":null,"abstract":"A number of possible non-chromate conversion coating formulations have been studied to examine their efficacy as replacements for chromate-based coating treatments on electrodeposited zinc-nickel alloys. Data have been collected from both electrochemical and conventional salt fog corrosion tests. In the latter tests all the alternative non-chromate systems studied delayed the onset of the corrosion of the zinc-nickel coating itself but only the simple molybdate and the permanganate/molybdate dual treatment brought about improvements in times to red rusting of the steel substrate. The electrochemical evaluations suggested that simple molybdate-treated surfaces act as only moderate barriers to the chloride environments. Of the two dual treatments, permanganate/molybdate behaved similarly to the simple molybdate treated surfaces in the electrochemical tests, but the molybdate/permanganate was more protective, although this was not exhibited in the salt fog corrosion tests.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871279
Ling Huang, J. Dong, Fang-Zu Yang, Shukai Xu, Sm Zhou
SUMMARYThe electrodeposition of Ni-W alloy has been studied on the glassy carbon electrode by the cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic step methods. It has been found that electrodeposition of Ni-W alloy involves an intermediate valence tungsten oxide which inhibits hydrogen evolution. Ni-W alloy electrodeposition occurs by a mechanism involving progressive nucleation followed by three dimensional growth.The structures of nickel-tungsten alloy deposits were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD results from Ni-W alloy deposits reveal a face-centered cubic solid solution, the microstructure of the deposits exhibit (111) preferred orientation. The lattice constant and microhardness of Ni-W alloy deposit increase as the tungsten content increases, the XPS results of Ni-W alloy deposits indicate that the nickel and tungsten of the deposits exist in the metallic state, but the Ni-W alloy deposit with a tungsten content of 40.7% is an intermetallic compound. Th...
{"title":"Studies on the Mechanism, Structure and Microhardness of Ni-W Alloy Electrodeposits","authors":"Ling Huang, J. Dong, Fang-Zu Yang, Shukai Xu, Sm Zhou","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871279","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe electrodeposition of Ni-W alloy has been studied on the glassy carbon electrode by the cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic step methods. It has been found that electrodeposition of Ni-W alloy involves an intermediate valence tungsten oxide which inhibits hydrogen evolution. Ni-W alloy electrodeposition occurs by a mechanism involving progressive nucleation followed by three dimensional growth.The structures of nickel-tungsten alloy deposits were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD results from Ni-W alloy deposits reveal a face-centered cubic solid solution, the microstructure of the deposits exhibit (111) preferred orientation. The lattice constant and microhardness of Ni-W alloy deposit increase as the tungsten content increases, the XPS results of Ni-W alloy deposits indicate that the nickel and tungsten of the deposits exist in the metallic state, but the Ni-W alloy deposit with a tungsten content of 40.7% is an intermetallic compound. Th...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58742975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00202967.1999.11871240
S. S. Rehim, M. Ibrahim, S. M. A. Wahaab, M. M. Dankeria
Preliminary experiments were carried out in order to electrodeposit a sound and satisfactory Zn-Co alloy from citrate baths. Highly adherent Zn-Co plates, fine-grained, white-grey and with metallic lustre and were deposited on to a steel substrate from an acidic citrate (Zn-Co)-1 bath which contains: CoSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.26 mol.l -1 , citric acid 0.1 mol.l -1 and tri sodium citrate 0.19 mol.l -1 at pH = 5.0. The Zn-Co alloys codeposited from the citrate bath belong to the anomalous type of codeposition in which the less noble metal, Zn, deposits preferentially to the more noble one. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical (calculated) polarization curves during codeposition was utilized to provide an explanation of the anomalous phenomenon. Under the chosen condition of current density (2.0 A dm -2 ), duration (20 min.) and temperature (25°C), pH = 5, the current efficiency of the alloy plating (F Zn-Co = 62%) was much lower than those observed for either of the parent metals (F Co = 89% and F Zn = 97%). The Co% in the alloy increases with increase of either its content in the bath or of the bath temperature. On the other hand, Co% in the alloy increases with decreasing current density or decreasing pH. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of two phases for the alloy codeposited from (Zn-Co)1 bath (hexagonal and monoclinic). Superimposing a.c. on d.c. during Zn-Co codeposition greatly improves the uniformity and the levelling of the deposit.
{"title":"Effect of some plating parameters on the electrodeposition of Zn-Co alloys from aqueous citrate baths","authors":"S. S. Rehim, M. Ibrahim, S. M. A. Wahaab, M. M. Dankeria","doi":"10.1080/00202967.1999.11871240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871240","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary experiments were carried out in order to electrodeposit a sound and satisfactory Zn-Co alloy from citrate baths. Highly adherent Zn-Co plates, fine-grained, white-grey and with metallic lustre and were deposited on to a steel substrate from an acidic citrate (Zn-Co)-1 bath which contains: CoSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.26 mol.l -1 , citric acid 0.1 mol.l -1 and tri sodium citrate 0.19 mol.l -1 at pH = 5.0. The Zn-Co alloys codeposited from the citrate bath belong to the anomalous type of codeposition in which the less noble metal, Zn, deposits preferentially to the more noble one. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical (calculated) polarization curves during codeposition was utilized to provide an explanation of the anomalous phenomenon. Under the chosen condition of current density (2.0 A dm -2 ), duration (20 min.) and temperature (25°C), pH = 5, the current efficiency of the alloy plating (F Zn-Co = 62%) was much lower than those observed for either of the parent metals (F Co = 89% and F Zn = 97%). The Co% in the alloy increases with increase of either its content in the bath or of the bath temperature. On the other hand, Co% in the alloy increases with decreasing current density or decreasing pH. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of two phases for the alloy codeposited from (Zn-Co)1 bath (hexagonal and monoclinic). Superimposing a.c. on d.c. during Zn-Co codeposition greatly improves the uniformity and the levelling of the deposit.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00202967.1999.11871240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58741949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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