Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2264620
Aylar G. M. Ghashghaei, Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom
ABSTRACTNanocrystalline nickel coatings can be electrodeposited by using grain refiners like saccharin which consequently increase the gloss of the coating. Also, brighteners can produce bright coatings. The aim of this research was to compare the brightness of electroplated nanocrystalline nickel coating with traditional electroplated bright nickel coating. The coatings prepared from the bath containing saccharin and a bath with para-toluene sulphonamide had virtually the same gloss. Thus, instead of expensive brightening agents, saccharin can be used to achieve the same gloss in nickel plating. To investigate the stereochemistry of brightener molecules, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used at the computational level of B3LYP with the basis set 6-311G (d,p) ++ in a Gaussian software. The results of computational chemistry showed that the most probable state of adsorption of brightening additives is when the aromatic ring or a double bond or a triple bond of the brightener molecule approaches the cathode surface during the adsorption process.KEYWORDS: Nickel electrodepositionnanocrystalline nickelpara-toluene sulphonamidesaccharinbrightnessstereochemistryDFT Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Comparing brightness of nanocrystalline nickel coating with traditional bright nickel coating and investigation of stereochemistry of brightener molecules","authors":"Aylar G. M. Ghashghaei, Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2264620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2264620","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTNanocrystalline nickel coatings can be electrodeposited by using grain refiners like saccharin which consequently increase the gloss of the coating. Also, brighteners can produce bright coatings. The aim of this research was to compare the brightness of electroplated nanocrystalline nickel coating with traditional electroplated bright nickel coating. The coatings prepared from the bath containing saccharin and a bath with para-toluene sulphonamide had virtually the same gloss. Thus, instead of expensive brightening agents, saccharin can be used to achieve the same gloss in nickel plating. To investigate the stereochemistry of brightener molecules, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used at the computational level of B3LYP with the basis set 6-311G (d,p) ++ in a Gaussian software. The results of computational chemistry showed that the most probable state of adsorption of brightening additives is when the aromatic ring or a double bond or a triple bond of the brightener molecule approaches the cathode surface during the adsorption process.KEYWORDS: Nickel electrodepositionnanocrystalline nickelpara-toluene sulphonamidesaccharinbrightnessstereochemistryDFT Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2265678
{"title":"Annual Contents 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2265678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2265678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"40 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transactions of the institute of materials finishing 2023, volume 101Author Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2269711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2269711","url":null,"abstract":"\"Transactions of the institute of materials finishing 2023, volume 101Author Index.\" Transactions of the IMF, 101(6), p. 346","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"40 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2265675
{"title":"Industry News","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2265675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2265675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"17 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2251756
Sonia Dangi, R. S. Walia, N. M. Suri, Sumit Chaudhary
ABSTRACTIn this article, eco-friendly graphite has been produced from the carbonised rice husk, an environmental waste. Graphite, carbon nanotube (CNT) and cast iron powder were blended to produce the hybrid coating material. This hybrid coating material was deposited over the cast iron substrate using HVOF thermal spray. The microhardness of the coated sample increased by 42% as compared to the substrate. The morphological and elemental analysis was carried out using SEM, XRD and raman spectroscopy. The residual stresses developed in the coated sample were measured using an X-ray analyzer and found to be compressive, indicating a stable coating. A tribological investigation was carried out on a Pin-on-disc tribometer at ambient, 150°C, and 300°C temperatures. The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate reduced by ≈ 62% and ≈ 47% respectively. The SEM investigation showed evidence of free graphite as a solid lubricant over the coated samples.KEYWORDS: HVOF thermal spray coatingTribologySEMXRDResidual stressRaman spectroscopy AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to sincerely thank Metallizing Equipments Co. Pvt. Ltd., Jodhpur, for their support in sample preparation. The authors would also like to thank the management and staff of the Precision Manufacturing Laboratory, DTU, Delhi, and Tribology Centre, NIT, Srinagar for providing the tribological testing and material characterisation facilities.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author ContributionsSonia Dangi: Conceptualisation, data acquisition, drafting, reviewing, and editing the manuscript (First Author). R S Walia: Conceptualisation, review, and editing the manuscript (Co-Author). N M Suri: Conceptualisation, review, and editing the manuscript (Co-Author). Sumit Chaudhary: Conceptualisation, data acquisition, review, and editing the manuscript (Co-Author and corresponding author).
摘要:本文以环境垃圾稻壳为原料，制备了环保型石墨。将石墨、碳纳米管(CNT)和铸铁粉混合制备复合涂层材料。采用HVOF热喷涂技术将该复合涂层材料沉积在铸铁基体上。涂层样品的显微硬度比衬底提高了42%。采用SEM、XRD和拉曼光谱对材料进行了形貌和元素分析。使用x射线分析仪测量涂层样品中产生的残余应力，发现是压缩的，表明涂层稳定。在环境、150°C和300°C的温度下，在Pin-on-disc摩擦计上进行了摩擦学研究。摩擦系数和比磨损率分别降低≈62%和≈47%。扫描电镜的研究表明，自由石墨作为固体润滑剂在涂层样品的证据。关键词:HVOF热喷涂;摩擦学;emxr;残余应力;拉曼光谱致谢作者衷心感谢焦特布尔Metallizing equipment Co. ppt . Ltd.在样品制备方面的支持。作者还想感谢德里DTU精密制造实验室和斯利那加NIT摩擦学中心的管理人员和工作人员，他们提供了摩擦学测试和材料表征设施。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。作者贡献:ssonia Dangi:概念化，数据采集，起草，审查和编辑手稿(第一作者)。R S Walia:构思，审查和编辑手稿(合著者)。N M Suri:概念化，审查和编辑手稿(合著者)。Sumit Chaudhary:概念化，数据获取，审查和编辑手稿(共同作者和通讯作者)。
{"title":"Tribological study on cast iron based, graphite and CNT enriched hybrid HVOF coating from room temperature to 300°C","authors":"Sonia Dangi, R. S. Walia, N. M. Suri, Sumit Chaudhary","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2251756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2251756","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this article, eco-friendly graphite has been produced from the carbonised rice husk, an environmental waste. Graphite, carbon nanotube (CNT) and cast iron powder were blended to produce the hybrid coating material. This hybrid coating material was deposited over the cast iron substrate using HVOF thermal spray. The microhardness of the coated sample increased by 42% as compared to the substrate. The morphological and elemental analysis was carried out using SEM, XRD and raman spectroscopy. The residual stresses developed in the coated sample were measured using an X-ray analyzer and found to be compressive, indicating a stable coating. A tribological investigation was carried out on a Pin-on-disc tribometer at ambient, 150°C, and 300°C temperatures. The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate reduced by ≈ 62% and ≈ 47% respectively. The SEM investigation showed evidence of free graphite as a solid lubricant over the coated samples.KEYWORDS: HVOF thermal spray coatingTribologySEMXRDResidual stressRaman spectroscopy AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to sincerely thank Metallizing Equipments Co. Pvt. Ltd., Jodhpur, for their support in sample preparation. The authors would also like to thank the management and staff of the Precision Manufacturing Laboratory, DTU, Delhi, and Tribology Centre, NIT, Srinagar for providing the tribological testing and material characterisation facilities.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author ContributionsSonia Dangi: Conceptualisation, data acquisition, drafting, reviewing, and editing the manuscript (First Author). R S Walia: Conceptualisation, review, and editing the manuscript (Co-Author). N M Suri: Conceptualisation, review, and editing the manuscript (Co-Author). Sumit Chaudhary: Conceptualisation, data acquisition, review, and editing the manuscript (Co-Author and corresponding author).","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2246259
C. Durga Prasad, S. Kollur, M. Nusrathulla, G. Satheesh Babu, M. B. Hanamantraygouda, B. N. Prashanth, N. Nagabhushana
ABSTRACTAnalysis of the sliding wear and microstructural characteristics of iron based composite coatings are discussed. The feedstock, which consisted of 30% SiC and 70% FeNiCrMo, was mechanically combined using a ball milling process. A steel substrate made of ASTM-SA213-T11 was then sprayed with the prepared feedstock using the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) process. The coating and substrate were put through a sliding test using a pin-on disc tribometer while being subjected to typical loads of 10 and 20 N at 200°C and 300°C as well as ambient conditions without lubrication. The samples were subjected to microstructures and phase studies using SEM and XRD techniques. Wear characteristics including friction coefficient, volumetric material loss, and wear rates of the coating and substrate were calculated using system-produced data. The hardness and wear resistance of the coated samples were improved owing to the coating region containing hard carbide phases such as SiC and Fe2C.KEYWORDS: Iron basedFeNiCrMoSiCcomposite coatingASTM-SA213-T11 steelHVOFsliding wear AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Aum Techno Spray, Bengaluru, India for providing the HVOF coating system used in this study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Characterisation and wear behaviour of SiC reinforced FeNiCrMo composite coating by HVOF process","authors":"C. Durga Prasad, S. Kollur, M. Nusrathulla, G. Satheesh Babu, M. B. Hanamantraygouda, B. N. Prashanth, N. Nagabhushana","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2246259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2246259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAnalysis of the sliding wear and microstructural characteristics of iron based composite coatings are discussed. The feedstock, which consisted of 30% SiC and 70% FeNiCrMo, was mechanically combined using a ball milling process. A steel substrate made of ASTM-SA213-T11 was then sprayed with the prepared feedstock using the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) process. The coating and substrate were put through a sliding test using a pin-on disc tribometer while being subjected to typical loads of 10 and 20 N at 200°C and 300°C as well as ambient conditions without lubrication. The samples were subjected to microstructures and phase studies using SEM and XRD techniques. Wear characteristics including friction coefficient, volumetric material loss, and wear rates of the coating and substrate were calculated using system-produced data. The hardness and wear resistance of the coated samples were improved owing to the coating region containing hard carbide phases such as SiC and Fe2C.KEYWORDS: Iron basedFeNiCrMoSiCcomposite coatingASTM-SA213-T11 steelHVOFsliding wear AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Aum Techno Spray, Bengaluru, India for providing the HVOF coating system used in this study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2225285
Takeshi Matsuda, Shinichi Furuya, Rie Kaneko, Koji Fushimi
The corrosion protection behaviour of electrogalvanised steel sheets (EG) by the tetravalent vanadium ion was investigated. Immersion of the bare EG in a NaCl solution revealed that the addition of vanadium(IV) oxide sulphate to the solution led to a transition of the open circuit potential to less noble and the formation of vanadium oxides on the EG surface. The oxide layer included not only vanadium(III) oxides but also a small amount of ZnO, indicating that Zn on the EG surface was oxidised while the vanadium(IV) species was reduced to the vanadium(III) species. The corrosion current density of the EG with the adhering vanadium(III) species was one order of magnitude smaller than that of the bare EG, clearly suggesting that zinc corrosion was reduced by suppressing the reduction reaction of dissolved oxygen. The vanadium(IV) species could be a candidate as a self-healing inhibitor for chromate-free coating technologies by controlling the coupling of Zn oxidation and vanadium(IV) reduction.
{"title":"Corrosion protection behaviour of electrogalvanised steel sheet by tetravalent vanadium ion","authors":"Takeshi Matsuda, Shinichi Furuya, Rie Kaneko, Koji Fushimi","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2225285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2225285","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion protection behaviour of electrogalvanised steel sheets (EG) by the tetravalent vanadium ion was investigated. Immersion of the bare EG in a NaCl solution revealed that the addition of vanadium(IV) oxide sulphate to the solution led to a transition of the open circuit potential to less noble and the formation of vanadium oxides on the EG surface. The oxide layer included not only vanadium(III) oxides but also a small amount of ZnO, indicating that Zn on the EG surface was oxidised while the vanadium(IV) species was reduced to the vanadium(III) species. The corrosion current density of the EG with the adhering vanadium(III) species was one order of magnitude smaller than that of the bare EG, clearly suggesting that zinc corrosion was reduced by suppressing the reduction reaction of dissolved oxygen. The vanadium(IV) species could be a candidate as a self-healing inhibitor for chromate-free coating technologies by controlling the coupling of Zn oxidation and vanadium(IV) reduction.","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136000279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2023.2175446
{"title":"2022 awards","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00202967.2023.2175446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2023.2175446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136334460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-20Epub Date: 2016-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.053
Fabiana de Souza Figueiredo, Rita Celano, Danila de Sousa Silva, Fernanda das Neves Costa, Peter Hewitson, Svetlana Ignatova, Anna Lisa Piccinelli, Luca Rastrelli, Suzana Guimarães Leitão, Gilda Guimarães Leitão
Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke (Rhamnaceae), a medicinal plant used to prevent malaria, is a climbing shrub, native to the Amazonian region, with jujubogenin glycoside saponins as main compounds. The crude extract of this plant is too complex for any kind of structural identification, and HPLC separation was not sufficient to resolve this issue. Therefore, the aim of this work was to obtain saponin enriched fractions from the bark ethanol extract by countercurrent chromatography (CCC) for further isolation and identification/characterisation of the major saponins by HPLC and MS. The butanol extract was fractionated by CCC with hexane - ethyl acetate - butanol - ethanol - water (1:6:1:1:6; v/v) solvent system yielding 4 group fractions. The collected fractions were analysed by UHPLC-HRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution accurate mass spectrometry) and MSn. Group 1 presented mainly oleane type saponins, and group 3 showed mainly jujubogenin glycosides, keto-dammarane type triterpene saponins and saponins with C31 skeleton. Thus, CCC separated saponins from the butanol-rich extract by skeleton type. A further purification of group 3 by CCC (ethyl acetate - ethanol - water (1:0.2:1; v/v)) and HPLC-RI was performed in order to obtain these unusual aglycones in pure form.
{"title":"Countercurrent chromatography separation of saponins by skeleton type from Ampelozizyphus amazonicus for off-line ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution accurate mass spectrometry analysis and characterisation.","authors":"Fabiana de Souza Figueiredo, Rita Celano, Danila de Sousa Silva, Fernanda das Neves Costa, Peter Hewitson, Svetlana Ignatova, Anna Lisa Piccinelli, Luca Rastrelli, Suzana Guimarães Leitão, Gilda Guimarães Leitão","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke (Rhamnaceae), a medicinal plant used to prevent malaria, is a climbing shrub, native to the Amazonian region, with jujubogenin glycoside saponins as main compounds. The crude extract of this plant is too complex for any kind of structural identification, and HPLC separation was not sufficient to resolve this issue. Therefore, the aim of this work was to obtain saponin enriched fractions from the bark ethanol extract by countercurrent chromatography (CCC) for further isolation and identification/characterisation of the major saponins by HPLC and MS. The butanol extract was fractionated by CCC with hexane - ethyl acetate - butanol - ethanol - water (1:6:1:1:6; v/v) solvent system yielding 4 group fractions. The collected fractions were analysed by UHPLC-HRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution accurate mass spectrometry) and MS<sup>n</sup>. Group 1 presented mainly oleane type saponins, and group 3 showed mainly jujubogenin glycosides, keto-dammarane type triterpene saponins and saponins with C<sub>31</sub> skeleton. Thus, CCC separated saponins from the butanol-rich extract by skeleton type. A further purification of group 3 by CCC (ethyl acetate - ethanol - water (1:0.2:1; v/v)) and HPLC-RI was performed in order to obtain these unusual aglycones in pure form.</p>","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"66 1","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80737897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-06DOI: 10.1179/0020296715Z.000000000262
R. Sekar
Copper is the presently favoured and future interconnect material in high-end microprocessors and memory devices because of its low electrical resistivity and higher electromigration than aluminium. The present investigation deals with the electrodeposition of nanocrystalline copper onto brass metallic foil from electrolytes containing copper sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O) as the source of metal ion and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Benzotriazole (0.5 g L− 1) and sodium lauryl sulphate (0.1 g L− 1) were used as additives. The electrolyte was mechanically agitated and the temperature was maintained at 3°C ± 2°C. These additives have been found to be effective in reducing the grain size, grain boundaries and improving surface morphology of the copper films. They also improve the throwing power of the deposition electrolytes and hardness of deposits. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns obtained for the electrodeposited copper films showed polycrystalline cubic structure. The crystal size of the copper films was calculated by ...
铜是目前和未来高端微处理器和存储设备的互连材料，因为它比铝具有低电阻率和更高的电迁移。研究了以硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)为金属离子源，以硫酸(H2SO4)为电解液，在黄铜金属箔上电沉积纳米铜的方法。添加剂为苯并三唑(0.5 g L−1)和十二烷基硫酸钠(0.1 g L−1)。机械搅拌电解液，温度维持在3℃±2℃。这些添加剂对减小铜膜的晶粒尺寸、晶界和改善其表面形貌有显著的作用。它们还提高了沉积电解质的抛射力和镀层的硬度。电沉积铜膜的x射线衍射(XRD)图显示出多晶立方结构。铜薄膜的晶体尺寸由…
{"title":"Structural and morphological characteristics of nanocrystalline copper from acid sulphate electrolytes","authors":"R. Sekar","doi":"10.1179/0020296715Z.000000000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0020296715Z.000000000262","url":null,"abstract":"Copper is the presently favoured and future interconnect material in high-end microprocessors and memory devices because of its low electrical resistivity and higher electromigration than aluminium. The present investigation deals with the electrodeposition of nanocrystalline copper onto brass metallic foil from electrolytes containing copper sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O) as the source of metal ion and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Benzotriazole (0.5 g L− 1) and sodium lauryl sulphate (0.1 g L− 1) were used as additives. The electrolyte was mechanically agitated and the temperature was maintained at 3°C ± 2°C. These additives have been found to be effective in reducing the grain size, grain boundaries and improving surface morphology of the copper films. They also improve the throwing power of the deposition electrolytes and hardness of deposits. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns obtained for the electrodeposited copper films showed polycrystalline cubic structure. The crystal size of the copper films was calculated by ...","PeriodicalId":23268,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Institute of Metal Finishing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2015-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65469957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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