Yukiko Endo, Miku Tanaka, Takuya Uemura, Kaori Tanimura, Yoshitake Desaki, Rika Ozawa, Sara Bonzano, Massimo E. Maffei, Tomonori Shinya, Ivan Galis, Gen-ichiro Arimura
Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) are a major threat to economically important crops. Here, we investigated the potential of tetranins, in particular Tet3 and Tet4, as T. urticae protein-type elicitors that stimulate plant defense. Truncated Tet3 and Tet4 proteins showed efficacy in activating the defense gene pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) and inducing phytohormone production in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. In particular, Tet3 caused a drastically higher Ca2+ influx in leaves, but a lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation compared to other tetranins, whereas Tet4 caused a low Ca2+ influx and a high ROS generation in the host plants. Such specific and non-specific elicitor activities were examined by knockdown of Tet3 and Tet4 expressions in mites, confirming their respective activities and in particular showing that they function additively or synergistically to induce defense responses. Of great interest is the fact that Tet3 and Tet4 expression levels were higher in mites on their preferred host, P. vulgaris, compared to the levels in mites on the less-preferred host, Cucumis sativus, whereas Tet1 and Tet2 were constitutively expressed regardless of their host. Furthermore, mites that had been hosted on C. sativus induced lower levels of PR1 expression, Ca2+ influx and ROS generation, i.e., Tet3- and Tet4-responsive defense responses, in both P. vulgaris and C. sativus leaves compared to the levels induced by mites that had been hosted on P. vulgaris. Taken together, these findings show that selected tetranins respond to variable host cues that may optimize herbivore fitness by altering the anti-mite response of the host plant.
{"title":"Spider mite tetranins elicit different defense responses in different host habitats","authors":"Yukiko Endo, Miku Tanaka, Takuya Uemura, Kaori Tanimura, Yoshitake Desaki, Rika Ozawa, Sara Bonzano, Massimo E. Maffei, Tomonori Shinya, Ivan Galis, Gen-ichiro Arimura","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spider mites (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>) are a major threat to economically important crops. Here, we investigated the potential of tetranins, in particular Tet3 and Tet4, as <i>T. urticae</i> protein-type elicitors that stimulate plant defense. Truncated Tet3 and Tet4 proteins showed efficacy in activating the defense gene pathogenesis-related 1 (<i>PR1</i>) and inducing phytohormone production in leaves of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>. In particular, Tet3 caused a drastically higher Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx in leaves, but a lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation compared to other tetranins, whereas Tet4 caused a low Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and a high ROS generation in the host plants. Such specific and non-specific elicitor activities were examined by knockdown of <i>Tet3</i> and <i>Tet4</i> expressions in mites, confirming their respective activities and in particular showing that they function additively or synergistically to induce defense responses. Of great interest is the fact that <i>Tet3</i> and <i>Tet4</i> expression levels were higher in mites on their preferred host, <i>P. vulgaris</i>, compared to the levels in mites on the less-preferred host, <i>Cucumis sativus</i>, whereas <i>Tet1</i> and <i>Tet2</i> were constitutively expressed regardless of their host. Furthermore, mites that had been hosted on <i>C. sativus</i> induced lower levels of <i>PR1</i> expression, Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and ROS generation, i.e., Tet3- and Tet4-responsive defense responses, in both <i>P. vulgaris</i> and <i>C. sativus</i> leaves compared to the levels induced by mites that had been hosted on <i>P. vulgaris</i>. Taken together, these findings show that selected tetranins respond to variable host cues that may optimize herbivore fitness by altering the anti-mite response of the host plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identifying the selectivity of cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) in transporters has long been a challenging scientific issue. Here, we identified the gene SaNRAMP5 from Solanum americanum, an orthologue of OsNRAMP5. SaNRAMP5 is predominantly expressed in root and localizes to the plasma membrane (PM). Knockout of SaNRAMP5 significantly reduced Cd accumulation in nightshade, while its overexpression in Arabidopsis increased Cd uptake in roots. Given the close relationship between nightshade and vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers, we compared the Cd absorption capabilities of NRAMP5 homologs in these species. Our results indicated that SaNRAMP5 exhibited a greater Cd uptake capacity than its homologs within the Solanaceae family. Interestingly, the Mn uptake capacities of these NRAMP5s varied independently of their Cd uptake capacities. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the N-terminal STNP residues, which mediate phosphorylation in SaNRAMP5, are crucial for the selective uptake of Cd and Mn. Mutating these STNP residues to a non-phosphorylatable form, SaNRAMP5(AANP), resulted in reduced Cd uptake without affecting Mn uptake. Conversely, StNRAMP5 and SlNRAMP5, which naturally lack STNP residues, demonstrated enhanced Cd uptake upon the introduction of STNP but not AANP. Notably, neither the introduction of STNP nor AANP affected their Mn uptake capacities. The reduced Cd uptake of SaNRAMP5(AANP) without compromising Mn uptake was attributed to alterations in PM localization due to continuous Cd exposure, rather than Mn exposure. Our findings provide novel insights into phosphorylation-mediated selective uptake of Cd and Mn, paving the way for engineering low-Cd crops without compromising yield.
{"title":"Phosphorylation-mediated cadmium and manganese selectivity uptake of SaNRAMP5 in nightshade","authors":"Mengmeng Hou, Chunli Li, Yuanbo Zhang, Yuxin Jia, Xinyi Xu, Siyao Shan, Wenhui Jiang, Gulinaer Bahetibieke, Lei Ren, Yong Xiang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying the selectivity of cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) in transporters has long been a challenging scientific issue. Here, we identified the gene <i>SaNRAMP5</i> from <i>Solanum americanum</i>, an orthologue of <i>OsNRAMP5</i>. <i>SaNRAMP5</i> is predominantly expressed in root and localizes to the plasma membrane (PM). Knockout of <i>SaNRAMP5</i> significantly reduced Cd accumulation in nightshade, while its overexpression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> increased Cd uptake in roots. Given the close relationship between nightshade and vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers, we compared the Cd absorption capabilities of NRAMP5 homologs in these species. Our results indicated that <i>SaNRAMP5</i> exhibited a greater Cd uptake capacity than its homologs within the <i>Solanaceae</i> family. Interestingly, the Mn uptake capacities of these NRAMP5s varied independently of their Cd uptake capacities. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the N-terminal STNP residues, which mediate phosphorylation in SaNRAMP5, are crucial for the selective uptake of Cd and Mn. Mutating these STNP residues to a non-phosphorylatable form, SaNRAMP5(AANP), resulted in reduced Cd uptake without affecting Mn uptake. Conversely, StNRAMP5 and SlNRAMP5, which naturally lack STNP residues, demonstrated enhanced Cd uptake upon the introduction of STNP but not AANP. Notably, neither the introduction of STNP nor AANP affected their Mn uptake capacities. The reduced Cd uptake of SaNRAMP5(AANP) without compromising Mn uptake was attributed to alterations in PM localization due to continuous Cd exposure, rather than Mn exposure. Our findings provide novel insights into phosphorylation-mediated selective uptake of Cd and Mn, paving the way for engineering low-Cd crops without compromising yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aromatic composition of lignin greatly influences the potential utility of lignocellulosic biomass. Previously, we generated transgenic rice plants with altered lignin aromatic composition and enhanced biomass utilization properties by suppressing the expression of p-COUMAROYL ESTER 3-HYDROXYLASE (C3′H). While RNAi-derived C3′H-knockdown lines displayed relatively normal growth with substantially augmented levels of p-hydroxyphenyl-type lignin units, genome-edited C3′H-knockout lines exhibited severely impaired growth phenotype, leading to arrested seedling development. In this study, we further characterized the genome-edited C3′H-knockout rice by analyzing gene expression and phenolic metabolite profiles alongside phenotypic traits and cell wall lignin structure. The seedlings of the C3′H-knockout rice displayed irregular vasculature and ectopic lignification. RNA-sequencing analysis detected widespread changes in the expression of genes associated with plant growth, hormone biosynthesis and signaling, and stress responses in the C3′H-knockout rice. Overall, our data suggested that C3′H disruption activates metabolic sensor-mediated signaling pathways, which in turn regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism. In line with this, phenolic metabolite profiling of the C3′H-knockout rice revealed not only shifts in monolignol-associated phenylpropanoids but also reductions in flavonoids and salicylic acid derivatives. Moreover, changes in the aromatic composition of the mutant lignin and phenolic metabolites indicated the presence of parallel monolignol pathways enabling rice to produce guaiacyl- and syringyl-type monolignol derivatives in the absence of C3′H activity. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the growth defects of lignin-modified mutants, with implications for optimizing the utility of grass lignocellulose.
{"title":"Altered development and lignin deposition in rice p-COUMAROYL ESTER 3-HYDROXYLASE loss-of-function mutants","authors":"Yuri Takeda-Kimura, Tetsuya Mori, Shiro Suzuki, Masahiro Sakamoto, Kazuki Saito, Ryo Nakabayashi, Yuki Tobimatsu, Toshiaki Umezawa","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aromatic composition of lignin greatly influences the potential utility of lignocellulosic biomass. Previously, we generated transgenic rice plants with altered lignin aromatic composition and enhanced biomass utilization properties by suppressing the expression of p-<i>COUMAROYL ESTER 3-HYDROXYLASE</i> (<i>C3′H</i>). While RNAi-derived <i>C3′H</i>-knockdown lines displayed relatively normal growth with substantially augmented levels of <i>p</i>-hydroxyphenyl-type lignin units, genome-edited <i>C3′H</i>-knockout lines exhibited severely impaired growth phenotype, leading to arrested seedling development. In this study, we further characterized the genome-edited <i>C3′H</i>-knockout rice by analyzing gene expression and phenolic metabolite profiles alongside phenotypic traits and cell wall lignin structure. The seedlings of the <i>C3′H</i>-knockout rice displayed irregular vasculature and ectopic lignification. RNA-sequencing analysis detected widespread changes in the expression of genes associated with plant growth, hormone biosynthesis and signaling, and stress responses in the <i>C3′H</i>-knockout rice. Overall, our data suggested that <i>C3′H</i> disruption activates metabolic sensor-mediated signaling pathways, which in turn regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism. In line with this, phenolic metabolite profiling of the <i>C3′H</i>-knockout rice revealed not only shifts in monolignol-associated phenylpropanoids but also reductions in flavonoids and salicylic acid derivatives. Moreover, changes in the aromatic composition of the mutant lignin and phenolic metabolites indicated the presence of parallel monolignol pathways enabling rice to produce guaiacyl- and syringyl-type monolignol derivatives in the absence of C3′H activity. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the growth defects of lignin-modified mutants, with implications for optimizing the utility of grass lignocellulose.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romane Miray, Sami Kazaz, Alexandra To, Sébastien Baud
In angiosperm seeds, the relative proportions of the two zygotic tissues vary considerably from species to species. In many field-grown oilseed species, and in those of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the embryo predominates, and studies of lipid metabolism in whole seeds reflect embryonic metabolism. Metabolism in the endosperm has long been ignored in these species, where this tissue is reduced in size in the mature seed. As a result of recent methodological developments that allow us to follow up on the accumulation of transcripts and metabolites in different areas of these seeds, it has become clear that the lipid metabolism of the endosperm is often different from that of the embryo. However, as the differences between the two zygotic tissues are variations on the same theme rather than strict divergences, there is a lack of genetic tools to study either tissue specifically. To remedy this, we have identified and characterized a promoter sequence in A. thaliana that is specifically active in the seed endosperm during the maturation phase: the At3g29190 (TPS15) gene promoter. We have then shown that it is possible to use this promoter sequence to modulate fatty acid metabolism specifically in the endosperm, either by activating or repressing the expression of target genes in this tissue. This tool and the transgenic lines that can be generated will contribute to a better understanding of the specific features of lipid metabolism in oilseed endosperm and its physiological implications for the seed.
{"title":"Identification of a promoter region specifically active in the maturing endosperm of Arabidopsis seeds and its use for targeted modification of fatty acid metabolism","authors":"Romane Miray, Sami Kazaz, Alexandra To, Sébastien Baud","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In angiosperm seeds, the relative proportions of the two zygotic tissues vary considerably from species to species. In many field-grown oilseed species, and in those of the model species <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, the embryo predominates, and studies of lipid metabolism in whole seeds reflect embryonic metabolism. Metabolism in the endosperm has long been ignored in these species, where this tissue is reduced in size in the mature seed. As a result of recent methodological developments that allow us to follow up on the accumulation of transcripts and metabolites in different areas of these seeds, it has become clear that the lipid metabolism of the endosperm is often different from that of the embryo. However, as the differences between the two zygotic tissues are variations on the same theme rather than strict divergences, there is a lack of genetic tools to study either tissue specifically. To remedy this, we have identified and characterized a promoter sequence in <i>A. thaliana</i> that is specifically active in the seed endosperm during the maturation phase: the At3g29190 (<i>TPS15</i>) gene promoter. We have then shown that it is possible to use this promoter sequence to modulate fatty acid metabolism specifically in the endosperm, either by activating or repressing the expression of target genes in this tissue. This tool and the transgenic lines that can be generated will contribute to a better understanding of the specific features of lipid metabolism in oilseed endosperm and its physiological implications for the seed.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjin Wang, Zikun Wang, Hsihua Wang, Mingxin Pai, Tingting Li, Hengyang Zhang, Bengui Ye, Lin Tang, Rao Fu, Yang Zhang
Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis is an important resource plant for the famous traditional Chinese medicine Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus (“Chuanbeimu” in Chinese). F. cirrhosae bulbus is the dried bulbs of several species from Fritillaria genus, with isosteroidal alkaloids components assumed as the bioactive ingredients. However, the biosynthesis pathway of isosteroidal alkaloids remains elusive. Here, we adopted F. unibracteata var. wabuensis as a material to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of isosteroidal alkaloids. We first constructed the multi-tissue metabolome and transcriptome dataset of F. unibracteata var. wabuensis. Interestingly, imperialine-3-β-d-glucoside, an isosteroidal glycoalkaloid, was found to be the major tissue-specific accumulated alkaloid. Through phylogenetic and co-expression analysis, we identified two UDP-glucosyltransferases from UGT73 family catalyzing 3-O-glucosylation of isosteroidal and steroidal alkaloids: imperialine 3-O-glucosyltransferase (FuwI3GT) can use both isosteroidal alkaloid imperialine and steroidal alkaloid solanidine as substrates, while solanidine 3-O-glucosyltransferase (FuwS3GT) can only use steroidal alkaloid solanidine as a substrate. We further approved that the W201 residue of FuwI3GT determined its substrate preference of isosteroidal alkaloids. Overall, our results identified enzymes involved in 3-O-glucosylation of isosteroidal and steroidal alkaloids in F. unibracteata var. wabuensis and paved the way to fully elucidate the isosteroidal alkaloid biosynthesis pathway in Fritillaria species.
{"title":"UDP-glucosyltransferases from UGT73 family catalyze 3-O-glucosylation of isosteroidal and steroidal alkaloids in Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis","authors":"Jingjin Wang, Zikun Wang, Hsihua Wang, Mingxin Pai, Tingting Li, Hengyang Zhang, Bengui Ye, Lin Tang, Rao Fu, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Fritillaria unibracteata</i> var. <i>wabuensis</i> is an important resource plant for the famous traditional Chinese medicine <i>Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus</i> (“Chuanbeimu” in Chinese). <i>F. cirrhosae bulbus</i> is the dried bulbs of several species from <i>Fritillaria</i> genus, with isosteroidal alkaloids components assumed as the bioactive ingredients. However, the biosynthesis pathway of isosteroidal alkaloids remains elusive. Here, we adopted <i>F. unibracteata</i> var. <i>wabuensis</i> as a material to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of isosteroidal alkaloids. We first constructed the multi-tissue metabolome and transcriptome dataset of <i>F. unibracteata</i> var. <i>wabuensis</i>. Interestingly, imperialine-3-β-<span>d</span>-glucoside, an isosteroidal glycoalkaloid, was found to be the major tissue-specific accumulated alkaloid. Through phylogenetic and co-expression analysis, we identified two UDP-glucosyltransferases from UGT73 family catalyzing 3-<i>O</i>-glucosylation of isosteroidal and steroidal alkaloids: imperialine 3-<i>O</i>-glucosyltransferase (FuwI3GT) can use both isosteroidal alkaloid imperialine and steroidal alkaloid solanidine as substrates, while solanidine 3-<i>O</i>-glucosyltransferase (FuwS3GT) can only use steroidal alkaloid solanidine as a substrate. We further approved that the W201 residue of FuwI3GT determined its substrate preference of isosteroidal alkaloids. Overall, our results identified enzymes involved in 3-<i>O</i>-glucosylation of isosteroidal and steroidal alkaloids in <i>F. unibracteata</i> var. <i>wabuensis</i> and paved the way to fully elucidate the isosteroidal alkaloid biosynthesis pathway in <i>Fritillaria</i> species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Zhang, Yue Ge, Jing Hu, Yu Wang, Dejiang Ni, Pu Wang, Fei Guo
Camellia sinensis is an industrial crop characterized by specific secondary metabolites, which provide numerous benefits to human health. Previous researches reveal that the secondary metabolism of tea plants is significantly affected by various environmental factors, especially light intensity. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying these high light-induced changes remains systematic research. In this study, physiological analysis suggested that increased photosynthetic product was rapidly converted into other organic compounds in adaptation to high light. The metabolite landscape by widely targeted metabolome revealed 219 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in high light, with substantial upregulated DAMs accumulated in ‘amino acids and derivatives’ and ‘alkaloids’. The landscape of nine crucial histone modifications showed the distribution diversity in the genome and the complex relationship with gene expression. Integrated analysis of stomatal development, metabolome, epigenome, and transcriptome indicated that the dynamics of histone modifications (H3K4ac, H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K9me2, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3) on gene regions were closely related to the expression of regulatory genes in stomatal development and enzyme genes in secondary metabolic pathways, leading to stomatal density and metabolite changes in high light. Furthermore, H3K27ac and H3K27me3 were identified as key histone modifications, regulating critical genes under high light, including CsEPFL9, CsYODAb, CsF3′Hb, CsCHSc, CsANRa, CsDFRb-2, CsAlaDC, CsAAP1, CsGGT2, CsXMPP, Cs7-NMT, CsPORC, and CsPSY. These results suggest the pivotal role of histone modifications in the high light-induced stomatal density and secondary metabolite changes of tea plants.
{"title":"Integrated analyses of metabolome, leaf anatomy, epigenome, and transcriptome under different light intensities reveal dynamic regulation of histone modifications on the high light adaptation in Camellia sinensis","authors":"Hong Zhang, Yue Ge, Jing Hu, Yu Wang, Dejiang Ni, Pu Wang, Fei Guo","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Camellia sinensis</i> is an industrial crop characterized by specific secondary metabolites, which provide numerous benefits to human health. Previous researches reveal that the secondary metabolism of tea plants is significantly affected by various environmental factors, especially light intensity. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying these high light-induced changes remains systematic research. In this study, physiological analysis suggested that increased photosynthetic product was rapidly converted into other organic compounds in adaptation to high light. The metabolite landscape by widely targeted metabolome revealed 219 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in high light, with substantial upregulated DAMs accumulated in ‘amino acids and derivatives’ and ‘alkaloids’. The landscape of nine crucial histone modifications showed the distribution diversity in the genome and the complex relationship with gene expression. Integrated analysis of stomatal development, metabolome, epigenome, and transcriptome indicated that the dynamics of histone modifications (H3K4ac, H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K9me2, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3) on gene regions were closely related to the expression of regulatory genes in stomatal development and enzyme genes in secondary metabolic pathways, leading to stomatal density and metabolite changes in high light. Furthermore, H3K27ac and H3K27me3 were identified as key histone modifications, regulating critical genes under high light, including <i>CsEPFL9</i>, <i>CsYODAb</i>, <i>CsF3′Hb</i>, <i>CsCHSc</i>, <i>CsANRa</i>, <i>CsDFRb-2</i>, <i>CsAlaDC</i>, <i>CsAAP1</i>, <i>CsGGT2</i>, <i>CsXMPP</i>, <i>Cs7-NMT</i>, <i>CsPORC</i>, and <i>CsPSY</i>. These results suggest the pivotal role of histone modifications in the high light-induced stomatal density and secondary metabolite changes of tea plants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siobhan Brady, Gabriela Auge, Mentewab Ayalew, Sureshkumar Balasubramanian, Thorsten Hamann, Dirk Inze, Kazuki Saito, Galina Brychkova, Tanya Z. Berardini, Joanna Friesner, Cheng-Hsun Ho, Marie-Theres Hauser, Masatomo Kobayashi, Loic Lepiniec, Ari Pekka Mähönen, Marek Mutwil, Sean May, Geraint Parry, Stamatis Rigas, Anna N. Stepanova, Mary Williams, Nicholas J. Provart
Plants are essential for human survival. Over the past three decades, work with the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana has significantly advanced plant biology research. One key event was the sequencing of its genome 25 years ago, which fostered many subsequent research technologies and datasets. Arabidopsis has been instrumental in elucidating plant-specific aspects of biology, developing research tools, and translating findings to crop improvement. It not only serves as a model for understanding plant biology and but also biology in other fields, with discoveries in Arabidopsis also having led to applications in human health, including insights into immunity, protein degradation, and circadian rhythms. Arabidopsis research has also fostered the development of tools useful for the wider biological research community, such as optogenetic systems and auxin-based degrons. This 4th Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee Roadmap outlines future directions, with emphasis on computational approaches, research support, translation to crops, conference accessibility, coordinated research efforts, climate change mitigation, sustainable production, and fundamental research. Arabidopsis will remain a nexus for discovery, innovation, and application, driving advances in both plant and human biology to the year 2030, and beyond.
{"title":"Arabidopsis research in 2030: Translating the computable plant","authors":"Siobhan Brady, Gabriela Auge, Mentewab Ayalew, Sureshkumar Balasubramanian, Thorsten Hamann, Dirk Inze, Kazuki Saito, Galina Brychkova, Tanya Z. Berardini, Joanna Friesner, Cheng-Hsun Ho, Marie-Theres Hauser, Masatomo Kobayashi, Loic Lepiniec, Ari Pekka Mähönen, Marek Mutwil, Sean May, Geraint Parry, Stamatis Rigas, Anna N. Stepanova, Mary Williams, Nicholas J. Provart","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants are essential for human survival. Over the past three decades, work with the reference plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> has significantly advanced plant biology research. One key event was the sequencing of its genome 25 years ago, which fostered many subsequent research technologies and datasets. Arabidopsis has been instrumental in elucidating plant-specific aspects of biology, developing research tools, and translating findings to crop improvement. It not only serves as a model for understanding plant biology and but also biology in other fields, with discoveries in Arabidopsis also having led to applications in human health, including insights into immunity, protein degradation, and circadian rhythms. Arabidopsis research has also fostered the development of tools useful for the wider biological research community, such as optogenetic systems and auxin-based degrons. This 4th Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee Roadmap outlines future directions, with emphasis on computational approaches, research support, translation to crops, conference accessibility, coordinated research efforts, climate change mitigation, sustainable production, and fundamental research. Arabidopsis will remain a nexus for discovery, innovation, and application, driving advances in both plant and human biology to the year 2030, and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiuxin Li, Wenjing An, Jinfang Ma, Hongmei Zhang, Manfei Luo, Yafei Qi, Jörg Meurer, Daili Ji, Wei Chi
Photosystem II (PSII) is one of the most thermosensitive components of photosynthetic apparatus in higher plants. Heat-inactivation of PSII may be followed by dissociation of antenna proteins, however, the fate and regulation mechanism of detached antenna proteins during this process remains unclear. Here, we investigate the regulation mechanism of two minor antenna proteins CP24 and CP29 during heat acclimation via the study on a thylakoid protein BCM1. BCM1 is distributed in both grana cores (GC) and stroma lamellae of thylakoids. However, heat stress induced its accumulation in grana cores but not stroma lamellae. Deficiency of BCM1 leads to the decline of plant resilience to heat stress, which results from the accelerated degradation of CP24 and CP29 in vivo. Heat stress induces a redistribution of CP24 and CP29 from the grana cores to the stroma lamellae, a shift that is exacerbated in bcm1 mutants, suggesting that migration of detached antennae proteins between thylakoid subcompartments may contribute to their degradation during heat acclimation. As an integral thylakoid protein, BCM1 physically interacts with CP24 and CP29. We propose that BCM1 serves as a stabilizing “anchor”, effectively sequestering CP24 and CP29 within the grana cores thereby reducing their exposure to degradation in the stroma lamellae.
{"title":"The thylakoid protein BCM1 sequesters antennae protein CP24 and CP29 within the grana cores thereby reducing their exposure to degradation under heat stress","authors":"Qiuxin Li, Wenjing An, Jinfang Ma, Hongmei Zhang, Manfei Luo, Yafei Qi, Jörg Meurer, Daili Ji, Wei Chi","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Photosystem II (PSII) is one of the most thermosensitive components of photosynthetic apparatus in higher plants. Heat-inactivation of PSII may be followed by dissociation of antenna proteins, however, the fate and regulation mechanism of detached antenna proteins during this process remains unclear. Here, we investigate the regulation mechanism of two minor antenna proteins CP24 and CP29 during heat acclimation via the study on a thylakoid protein BCM1. BCM1 is distributed in both grana cores (GC) and stroma lamellae of thylakoids. However, heat stress induced its accumulation in grana cores but not stroma lamellae. Deficiency of BCM1 leads to the decline of plant resilience to heat stress, which results from the accelerated degradation of CP24 and CP29 <i>in vivo</i>. Heat stress induces a redistribution of CP24 and CP29 from the grana cores to the stroma lamellae, a shift that is exacerbated in <i>bcm1</i> mutants, suggesting that migration of detached antennae proteins between thylakoid subcompartments may contribute to their degradation during heat acclimation. As an integral thylakoid protein, BCM1 physically interacts with CP24 and CP29. We propose that BCM1 serves as a stabilizing “anchor”, effectively sequestering CP24 and CP29 within the grana cores thereby reducing their exposure to degradation in the stroma lamellae.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarcandra glabra (Chloranthaceae) has an elaborate phenolic metabolism, encompassing various hydroxycinnamic acid esters. This may imply that multiple hydroxycinnamoyltransferases are involved in establishing this spectrum of natural compounds. Five coding sequences from S. glabra, belonging to the superfamily of BAHD acyltransferases, have been amplified from S. glabra cDNA, and the proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. By assaying the proteins biochemically, the main substrates of these enzymes were identified as p-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-CoA as donor substrates together with varying acceptor substrates. SgHST mainly forms p-coumaroyl- and caffeoylshikimic acid, but also the corresponding quinic acid esters as well as amides with 3- and 5-hydroxyanthranilic acids. SgHQT1 predominantly catalyzes the formation of p-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-5-O-quinic acid, while SgHQT2 correspondingly forms p-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-4-O-quinic acid. To our knowledge, this is the first characterized enzyme forming cryptochlorogenic acid and its precursor p-coumaroyl-4-O-quinic acid. SgRAS synthesizes rosmarinic acid and its precursors (caffeoyl-4′-hydroxyphenyllactic, p-coumaroyl-4′-hydroxyphenyllactic, p-coumaroyl-3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyllactic acids) as well as amides with aromatic d-amino acids. No substrates could be identified for the fifth sequence, SgHCT-F, which phylogenetically groups with benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferases. All enzymes, except SgHCT-F, were fully kinetically characterized, and their expression in different tissues of S. glabra was assessed.
{"title":"Phenolic metabolism in Sarcandra glabra is mediated by distinct BAHD hydroxycinnamoyltransferases","authors":"Paul Bömeke, Maike Petersen","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Sarcandra glabra</i> (Chloranthaceae) has an elaborate phenolic metabolism, encompassing various hydroxycinnamic acid esters. This may imply that multiple hydroxycinnamoyltransferases are involved in establishing this spectrum of natural compounds. Five coding sequences from <i>S. glabra</i>, belonging to the superfamily of BAHD acyltransferases, have been amplified from <i>S. glabra</i> cDNA, and the proteins were expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. By assaying the proteins biochemically, the main substrates of these enzymes were identified as <i>p</i>-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-CoA as donor substrates together with varying acceptor substrates. SgHST mainly forms <i>p</i>-coumaroyl- and caffeoylshikimic acid, but also the corresponding quinic acid esters as well as amides with 3- and 5-hydroxyanthranilic acids. SgHQT1 predominantly catalyzes the formation of <i>p</i>-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-5-<i>O</i>-quinic acid, while SgHQT2 correspondingly forms <i>p</i>-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-4-<i>O</i>-quinic acid. To our knowledge, this is the first characterized enzyme forming cryptochlorogenic acid and its precursor <i>p</i>-coumaroyl-4-<i>O</i>-quinic acid. SgRAS synthesizes rosmarinic acid and its precursors (caffeoyl-4′-hydroxyphenyllactic, <i>p</i>-coumaroyl-4′-hydroxyphenyllactic, <i>p</i>-coumaroyl-3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyllactic acids) as well as amides with aromatic <span>d</span>-amino acids. No substrates could be identified for the fifth sequence, SgHCT-F, which phylogenetically groups with benzyl alcohol <i>O</i>-benzoyltransferases. All enzymes, except SgHCT-F, were fully kinetically characterized, and their expression in different tissues of <i>S. glabra</i> was assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lint percentage is an important component of cotton yield traits and an important economic indicator of cotton production. The initial stage of fiber development is a critical developmental period that affects the lint percentage trait, but the genetic regulation of the initial stage of fiber development needs to be resolved. In this study, we used a genomewide association study (GWAS) to identify 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to lint percentage and identified a total of 13 859 expression QTL (eQTLs) through transcriptome sequencing of 312 upland cotton accessions. Candidate genes for improving the lint percentage trait were identified through transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), colocalization analysis, and differentially expressed gene analysis. We located nine candidate genes through the TWAS, and prioritized two key candidate genes (Ghir_A12G025980 and Ghir_A12G025990) related to lint percentage through colocalization and differential expression analysis. We showed that two eQTL hotspots (Hot26 and Hot28) synergistically participate in regulating the biological pathways of fiber initiation and development. Additionally, we unlocked the potential of genomic variants in improving the lint percentage by aggregating favorable alleles in accessions. New accessions suitable for improving lint percentage were excavated.
{"title":"GWAS and eQTL analyses reveal genetic components influencing the key fiber yield trait lint percentage in upland cotton","authors":"Chunping Guo, Ruizhen Pi, Yuanlong Wu, Jiaqi You, Zhenyang Qi, Zhenping Liu, Xinyi Chang, Shugen Ding, Qi Zhang, Peng Han, Xianlong Zhang, Chunyuan You, Maojun Wang, Xinhui Nie","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lint percentage is an important component of cotton yield traits and an important economic indicator of cotton production. The initial stage of fiber development is a critical developmental period that affects the lint percentage trait, but the genetic regulation of the initial stage of fiber development needs to be resolved. In this study, we used a genomewide association study (GWAS) to identify 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to lint percentage and identified a total of 13 859 expression QTL (eQTLs) through transcriptome sequencing of 312 upland cotton accessions. Candidate genes for improving the lint percentage trait were identified through transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), colocalization analysis, and differentially expressed gene analysis. We located nine candidate genes through the TWAS, and prioritized two key candidate genes (<i>Ghir_A12G025980</i> and <i>Ghir_A12G025990</i>) related to lint percentage through colocalization and differential expression analysis. We showed that two eQTL hotspots (Hot26 and Hot28) synergistically participate in regulating the biological pathways of fiber initiation and development. Additionally, we unlocked the potential of genomic variants in improving the lint percentage by aggregating favorable alleles in accessions. New accessions suitable for improving lint percentage were excavated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}