Antibiotic Resistance is spreading all over the world conferring multiple resistant in the treatment and management of life threatening infections. Cephalosporins are antibiotics prescribed daily for a wide variety of infections in Nigerian hospitals. The production of bla-AmpC enzymes by many Enterobacteriaceae conferred resistance to such class of antibiotics. The aim of the study is to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of AmpC among clinical bacterial isolates obtained from Northwestern Nigeria. A total of 1000 clinical bacterial isolates were collected from seven states of north western Nigeria and were screened Phenotypically for AmpC production using Disk Approximation test. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed according to clinical and laboratory standard Institutes guidelines (CLSI). Acinetobacter baumanii, Serratia liquefaciens and Providence sp showed 100% resistance to third generation cephalosporin antibiotics as well as Levofloxacin, Impinem and Tigercycline, moderate susceptibility was observed with Colistin, followed by Proteus Mirabilis (85%) resistance to Ceftizoxime. Tigercycline and Colistin were the most active drugs against the Isolates. The prevalence of AmpC production among the isolates showed that Acinetobacter baumanii, Aeromonas sp., Providence sp., Serratia liquefaciens and Citrobacter freundi had the highest prevalence of 100% each. Enterobacter clocae had least value of 50%. Similarly, high Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) 100% was shown by A. baumannii, Aeromonas sp, Providence sp and S. liquefaciens with least values from Staphylococcus aureus (33.1%). The occurrence of AmpC was higher among male patients with prevalence rate of 54.1%, p-value >0.001.The occurrence of these resistance conferring enzymes was chronologically sensitive as its prevalence is more pronounced among patients aged >60 years (64.5%) with least value among patients aged 21-30 years (23.1%), (p-value>0.001). The trend in the prevalence of AmpC production and MDR resistance among the states of Northwestern Nigeria is in the following order: Sokoto˃Kaduna˃Katsina˃Kebbi>Kano˃Jigawa˃Zamfara. The results from this study implied that, AmpC production is on the increase in Northwestern Nigeria and that the spread of these resistance conferring enzymes among bacterial isolates is an issue of public health concerned. Therefore, proper monitoring and surveillance for proper prevention and infection control may limit the further spread of these isolates. Keywords: Antibiotics, Bacteria, Isolates, AmpC, Northwest, Nigeria, MDR Seven different antibiotic discs
{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Prevalence of AmpC among Clinical Bacterial Isolates obtained From Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"S. S. Shu’aibu, A. Arzai, M. Mukhtar","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.010","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic Resistance is spreading all over the world conferring multiple resistant in the treatment and management of life threatening infections. Cephalosporins are antibiotics prescribed daily for a wide variety of infections in Nigerian hospitals. The production of bla-AmpC enzymes by many Enterobacteriaceae conferred resistance to such class of antibiotics. The aim of the study is to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of AmpC among clinical bacterial isolates obtained from Northwestern Nigeria. A total of 1000 clinical bacterial isolates were collected from seven states of north western Nigeria and were screened Phenotypically for AmpC production using Disk Approximation test. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed according to clinical and laboratory standard Institutes guidelines (CLSI). Acinetobacter baumanii, Serratia liquefaciens and Providence sp showed 100% resistance to third generation cephalosporin antibiotics as well as Levofloxacin, Impinem and Tigercycline, moderate susceptibility was observed with Colistin, followed by Proteus Mirabilis (85%) resistance to Ceftizoxime. Tigercycline and Colistin were the most active drugs against the Isolates. The prevalence of AmpC production among the isolates showed that Acinetobacter baumanii, Aeromonas sp., Providence sp., Serratia liquefaciens and Citrobacter freundi had the highest prevalence of 100% each. Enterobacter clocae had least value of 50%. Similarly, high Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) 100% was shown by A. baumannii, Aeromonas sp, Providence sp and S. liquefaciens with least values from Staphylococcus aureus (33.1%). The occurrence of AmpC was higher among male patients with prevalence rate of 54.1%, p-value >0.001.The occurrence of these resistance conferring enzymes was chronologically sensitive as its prevalence is more pronounced among patients aged >60 years (64.5%) with least value among patients aged 21-30 years (23.1%), (p-value>0.001). The trend in the prevalence of AmpC production and MDR resistance among the states of Northwestern Nigeria is in the following order: Sokoto˃Kaduna˃Katsina˃Kebbi>Kano˃Jigawa˃Zamfara. The results from this study implied that, AmpC production is on the increase in Northwestern Nigeria and that the spread of these resistance conferring enzymes among bacterial isolates is an issue of public health concerned. Therefore, proper monitoring and surveillance for proper prevention and infection control may limit the further spread of these isolates. Keywords: Antibiotics, Bacteria, Isolates, AmpC, Northwest, Nigeria, MDR Seven different antibiotic discs","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77739565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidemiological, molecular and clinical evidences have shown that cervical cancer is caused by the human papilloma-virus HPV), especially genotype 16 18 and 45. This study aims to survey the prevalence of high-risk types of HPV 16 18/45 among women of child-bearing age. Three hundred 300) women aged 18 years and above were randomly selected from the community and patients attending Specialist Hospital Yola (S.H.Y) and Federal Medical Center (F.M.C) Yola, Adamawa State. Relevant sexual and socio-demographic information was obtained from each subject using a questionnaire. High Vaginal swab samples were collected and analyzed using APTIMA Assay to identify the high-risk HPV genotype 16, 18 and 45. Out of the 300 samples analyzed, 56 (18.7%) were positive, 238 (79.3%) were negative for HPV and 6 (2%) are invalid. Out of the positive samples obtained, 29 (51%) were HPV 16 while 27 (48.2%) were HPV 18/45. The study also showed that the age grade of 24-41 years had the highest prevalence of 25.6 %. No positive sample was found among age grades of 18-23. The result shows that HPV prevalence was significantly associated with the number of sexual partners (P=0.009). Keywords Cervical-cancer, Human papilloma virus, High vaginal swab, high risk, sexually transmitted, APTIMA assay
{"title":"Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus among women of child bearing Age in Yola Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Nafisat A.C., Halima I., M. B., S. Y","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.004","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological, molecular and clinical evidences have shown that cervical cancer is caused by the human papilloma-virus HPV), especially genotype 16 18 and 45. This study aims to survey the prevalence of high-risk types of HPV 16 18/45 among women of child-bearing age. Three hundred 300) women aged 18 years and above were randomly selected from the community and patients attending Specialist Hospital Yola (S.H.Y) and Federal Medical Center (F.M.C) Yola, Adamawa State. Relevant sexual and socio-demographic information was obtained from each subject using a questionnaire. High Vaginal swab samples were collected and analyzed using APTIMA Assay to identify the high-risk HPV genotype 16, 18 and 45. Out of the 300 samples analyzed, 56 (18.7%) were positive, 238 (79.3%) were negative for HPV and 6 (2%) are invalid. Out of the positive samples obtained, 29 (51%) were HPV 16 while 27 (48.2%) were HPV 18/45. The study also showed that the age grade of 24-41 years had the highest prevalence of 25.6 %. No positive sample was found among age grades of 18-23. The result shows that HPV prevalence was significantly associated with the number of sexual partners (P=0.009). Keywords Cervical-cancer, Human papilloma virus, High vaginal swab, high risk, sexually transmitted, APTIMA assay","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82861240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatima A. Galadanchi, S. Umar, Y. Buhari, A. Abdulazeez, Salisu Mansur Dabai
Water is the second most important compound after air for the sustenance of life on our planet. It is the most abundant molecule in living cells, essential for the proper functioning of cells. It is one of the cheap vehicles that transport gastro-intestinal diseases. Therefore, water for human consumption must be free from chemical substances and microbes that may cause disease in man. This study was carried out to determine bacteriological quality of water sold in jerry cans within Katsina metropolis. Twenty different water samples (Five each from Kofar kaura, Kofar marusa, Dakitara and Filin polo) were collected and transported to the laboratory for analyses. Temperature and pH values of each sample were measured accordingly. The samples were subjected to aerobic mesophilic bacterial count, Coliform count and detection of Escherichia coli. The result showed temperature values in the range of 23oC to 26oCwhile pH measurements were in the range of 6.9 to 7.3. Samples from Kofar kaura, Kofar marusa, Daki tara and Filin polo had mean bacterial counts of1.718×106 , 1.052×106 , 2.042×106 and 1.612×106colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) respectively, and mean coliform counts of 25.2, 122.6, 77 and 128 CFU/mL respectively. All samples from all the sampling points contained E. coli. The study stresses the need for environmental and personal hygiene by all water vendors. It is, however, recommended that water retailing by truck pushers be monitored and regulated to avoid the risk of a pointsource epidemic. Key words: coliforms, water quality, bacteriological quality, water vendors, Katsina
{"title":"Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Water Sold in Plastic Jerry cans within Katsina Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Fatima A. Galadanchi, S. Umar, Y. Buhari, A. Abdulazeez, Salisu Mansur Dabai","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.013","url":null,"abstract":"Water is the second most important compound after air for the sustenance of life on our planet. It is the most abundant molecule in living cells, essential for the proper functioning of cells. It is one of the cheap vehicles that transport gastro-intestinal diseases. Therefore, water for human consumption must be free from chemical substances and microbes that may cause disease in man. This study was carried out to determine bacteriological quality of water sold in jerry cans within Katsina metropolis. Twenty different water samples (Five each from Kofar kaura, Kofar marusa, Dakitara and Filin polo) were collected and transported to the laboratory for analyses. Temperature and pH values of each sample were measured accordingly. The samples were subjected to aerobic mesophilic bacterial count, Coliform count and detection of Escherichia coli. The result showed temperature values in the range of 23oC to 26oCwhile pH measurements were in the range of 6.9 to 7.3. Samples from Kofar kaura, Kofar marusa, Daki tara and Filin polo had mean bacterial counts of1.718×106 , 1.052×106 , 2.042×106 and 1.612×106colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) respectively, and mean coliform counts of 25.2, 122.6, 77 and 128 CFU/mL respectively. All samples from all the sampling points contained E. coli. The study stresses the need for environmental and personal hygiene by all water vendors. It is, however, recommended that water retailing by truck pushers be monitored and regulated to avoid the risk of a pointsource epidemic. Key words: coliforms, water quality, bacteriological quality, water vendors, Katsina","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87799401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid K. M., Mansur Aliyu, Isah S. Y., Sani S. A., M. Kalgo, Umahi N. P. F., Garba Y. B., A. U.
The study evaluates the potential immunocytotoxic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Neutrophils. Different concentrations (25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml) of the extract were prepared. Six millilitres (6ml) of peripheral blood from consented healthy volunteers was collected and PBMCs and neutrophils were isolated on Histopaque media. The viability of PBMCs and neutrophils was determined using trypan blue dye exclusion methods. One-way analysis of variance was used in analysing the results. Total viable cell count (TVCC) for PBMCs and neutrophils yielded 298.9 x 104 cells/ml and 327.9 x 104 cells/ml respectively. The TVCC of the highest concentration (100 µg/ml) of the extract used for the treatment of PBMCs was 192.7 x104 cells/ml and that of neutrophil was 50.47 x104 cells/ml equivalent to 82.51% and 61.71% mean viability percentages respectively. The PBMCs and neutrophils treated with 25 µg /ml of the extract have the highest mean percentage viability scores of 94.88% and 74.61% respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean percentage viability when control PBMCs was compared with those treated with 100 µg/ml (p<0.0001) and also when control neutrophils was compared with those treated with 25 µg /ml (p=0 .02), 50 µg /ml and 100 µg /ml (p<0.0001) respectively. The cell viability tends to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous leaf extract of C. occidentalis has a potent cytotoxic effect on both cells, especially at a higher dose. The study recommends an in-depth study to improve the credence of the present study findings. Keywords: Cassia occidentalis extract, Cytotoxic activity, Human Neutrophils and PBMCs
{"title":"Immunocytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cassia occidentalis on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Neutrophils","authors":"Hamid K. M., Mansur Aliyu, Isah S. Y., Sani S. A., M. Kalgo, Umahi N. P. F., Garba Y. B., A. U.","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.005","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates the potential immunocytotoxic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Neutrophils. Different concentrations (25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml) of the extract were prepared. Six millilitres (6ml) of peripheral blood from consented healthy volunteers was collected and PBMCs and neutrophils were isolated on Histopaque media. The viability of PBMCs and neutrophils was determined using trypan blue dye exclusion methods. One-way analysis of variance was used in analysing the results. Total viable cell count (TVCC) for PBMCs and neutrophils yielded 298.9 x 104 cells/ml and 327.9 x 104 cells/ml respectively. The TVCC of the highest concentration (100 µg/ml) of the extract used for the treatment of PBMCs was 192.7 x104 cells/ml and that of neutrophil was 50.47 x104 cells/ml equivalent to 82.51% and 61.71% mean viability percentages respectively. The PBMCs and neutrophils treated with 25 µg /ml of the extract have the highest mean percentage viability scores of 94.88% and 74.61% respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean percentage viability when control PBMCs was compared with those treated with 100 µg/ml (p<0.0001) and also when control neutrophils was compared with those treated with 25 µg /ml (p=0 .02), 50 µg /ml and 100 µg /ml (p<0.0001) respectively. The cell viability tends to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous leaf extract of C. occidentalis has a potent cytotoxic effect on both cells, especially at a higher dose. The study recommends an in-depth study to improve the credence of the present study findings. Keywords: Cassia occidentalis extract, Cytotoxic activity, Human Neutrophils and PBMCs","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84842174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Afegbua, Sani Y. M., A. Jones, C. Okoro, M. Goodfellow
There has been an increasing emphasis on the need to exploit un- and underexplored environments especially the marine environments for microbial and chemical diversity. Previous in-depth exploration of Chilean marine sediments have led to the isolation of members of the Micromonosporaceae, which require de-replication and characterization to establish taxonomic status along with screening of the isolates for the ability to produce bioactive compounds. This study was, therefore, embarked on with the aim of assessing phylogenetic relationship of the isolates and screening for novel polyketide synthases type I (PKS-I), non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) biosynthetic genes (BGC). This involved culture, de-replication by the traditional colour grouping to select representative strains, amplification of 16S rRNA, PKS-I and NRPS genes, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Thirty-four representative strains were selected from 66 Micromonospora species. Following the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, 11 belonged to the genus Micromonospora, 7 strains residing in the genera Exiguobacterium and Bacillus. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains inferred that these strains are novel members of this sub-order. The partial sequences of PKS-I and NRPS genes amplified from eight Micromonospora strains, produced matches with a variety of BGCs including Streptomyces noursei, S. neyagawaensis concanamycin A and Streptomyces sp. heptaene macrolide complex synthesis gene cluster. There exists an untapped microbial diversity in the Chilean marine sediments with great potential of been exploited for novel bioactive compounds as the search for newer and more potent natural products deepens. Keywords: Micromonosporaceae, polyketide synthases type 1, non-ribosomal peptide synthases,
{"title":"Phylogenetic Characterization and Detection of Polyketide Synthase Type I and Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthases Genes in Micromonospora Strains Isolated from Chilean Marine Sediments","authors":"S. Afegbua, Sani Y. M., A. Jones, C. Okoro, M. Goodfellow","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.006","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increasing emphasis on the need to exploit un- and underexplored environments especially the marine environments for microbial and chemical diversity. Previous in-depth exploration of Chilean marine sediments have led to the isolation of members of the Micromonosporaceae, which require de-replication and characterization to establish taxonomic status along with screening of the isolates for the ability to produce bioactive compounds. This study was, therefore, embarked on with the aim of assessing phylogenetic relationship of the isolates and screening for novel polyketide synthases type I (PKS-I), non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) biosynthetic genes (BGC). This involved culture, de-replication by the traditional colour grouping to select representative strains, amplification of 16S rRNA, PKS-I and NRPS genes, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Thirty-four representative strains were selected from 66 Micromonospora species. Following the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, 11 belonged to the genus Micromonospora, 7 strains residing in the genera Exiguobacterium and Bacillus. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains inferred that these strains are novel members of this sub-order. The partial sequences of PKS-I and NRPS genes amplified from eight Micromonospora strains, produced matches with a variety of BGCs including Streptomyces noursei, S. neyagawaensis concanamycin A and Streptomyces sp. heptaene macrolide complex synthesis gene cluster. There exists an untapped microbial diversity in the Chilean marine sediments with great potential of been exploited for novel bioactive compounds as the search for newer and more potent natural products deepens. Keywords: Micromonosporaceae, polyketide synthases type 1, non-ribosomal peptide synthases,","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90832535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies were conducted between (September, 2017 to October, 2018) to investigate the variation in the compositional distribution of macrophyte communities in relation to the nutrient contents in the water and sediments of Mairuwa and Gwaigwaye reservoirs, Funtua located in the Northern vegetation of Nigeria. All the nutrients from sediments were analyzed using Standard procedures using Spectrophotometer, flame photometer and titration methods. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Calcium were higher in Mairuwa reservoir than in Gwaigwaye; while Potassium on the other hand, was higher in Gwaigwaye than in Mairuwa reservoir. Magnesium was not detected in either of the two reservoirs. The modified method of flora collection was used with a random sampling technique. The correlation analysis indicated that the distribution and abundance of aquatic macrophyte composition were significantly (P<0.05) different. The overall community structure was made up of nine (9) from Mairuwa and eleven 11 species from Gwaigwaye reservoirs. Both the number of species present and the densities of such species were higher in Mairuwa than in Gwaigwaye reservoir. Four growth patterns of macrophytes were observed viz; Emergent macrophytes were the dominant (56.7%), Floating macrophytes (26.5%), submerged macrophytes (13.4%) and the least marginal macrophytes (3.4%). Similarly species densities (stands per square metre) ranged from 1-29m, in Mairuwa, and 4-90m in Gwaigwaye. Implications of these trends to the well being of the two ecosytems are highlighted. Government and non-governmental organizations at all levels should ensure that the precious aquatic resources are solely protected by enacting laws against the anthropogenic action of the inhabitants in and around the catchment. Keywords: Reservoir, mairuwa, gwaigwaye, nutrients, ecosystem
{"title":"Incidence of Freshwater Aquatic Macrophytes in Relation to the Nutrients Content of Gwaigwaye and Mairuwa Reservoirs, Funtua, Nigeria","authors":"N. Lawal, T. S. Kuiwa, A. M. Jabbi, A. M. Aminu","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.021","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted between (September, 2017 to October, 2018) to investigate the variation in the compositional distribution of macrophyte communities in relation to the nutrient contents in the water and sediments of Mairuwa and Gwaigwaye reservoirs, Funtua located in the Northern vegetation of Nigeria. All the nutrients from sediments were analyzed using Standard procedures using Spectrophotometer, flame photometer and titration methods. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Calcium were higher in Mairuwa reservoir than in Gwaigwaye; while Potassium on the other hand, was higher in Gwaigwaye than in Mairuwa reservoir. Magnesium was not detected in either of the two reservoirs. The modified method of flora collection was used with a random sampling technique. The correlation analysis indicated that the distribution and abundance of aquatic macrophyte composition were significantly (P<0.05) different. The overall community structure was made up of nine (9) from Mairuwa and eleven 11 species from Gwaigwaye reservoirs. Both the number of species present and the densities of such species were higher in Mairuwa than in Gwaigwaye reservoir. Four growth patterns of macrophytes were observed viz; Emergent macrophytes were the dominant (56.7%), Floating macrophytes (26.5%), submerged macrophytes (13.4%) and the least marginal macrophytes (3.4%). Similarly species densities (stands per square metre) ranged from 1-29m, in Mairuwa, and 4-90m in Gwaigwaye. Implications of these trends to the well being of the two ecosytems are highlighted. Government and non-governmental organizations at all levels should ensure that the precious aquatic resources are solely protected by enacting laws against the anthropogenic action of the inhabitants in and around the catchment. Keywords: Reservoir, mairuwa, gwaigwaye, nutrients, ecosystem","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84838850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. D. Jabaka, P. O. Gabriel, C. Obi, U. D. Nuhu, A. Abdulazeez, M. Ibrahim
Antibiotic resistant bacteria in bird droppings are an emerging problem of public health concern. This study investigated the antibiotic resistance pattern of some bacteria isolated from different poultry droppings. Twenty grams (20g) of each sample of bird droppings were obtained from chickens, guinea fowls and turkeys. Bacteria were isolated using cultural techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion methods against the bacterial isolates. The following Gram positive and negative bacteria were isolated; Escherichia coli (26.7%), followed by Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus (13.3%) respectively, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis accounted for 6.7% respectively. The Gram negative bacteria showed 100% susceptibility to Streptomycin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin, followed by Chloramphenicol (83.3%), Cotrimoxazole and Perfloxacin (66.7%), Ofloxacin (50%) and the least was Amoxicillin (33.3%). Moreover, the Gram negative bacteria showed highest resistance against Augmentin (66.7%), followed by Ofloxacin (50%), Cotrimoxazole, and Perfloxacin (33.3%), and then least resistance to Chloramphenicol (16.7%).Similarly, the Gram positive bacteria showed 100% susceptibility to Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime and Perfloxacin. However, the highest percentage resistance was observed against Cotrimoxazole (50%). In conclusion, this study isolated some potentially resistant bacteria from the various samples of bird droppings. Contamination by these bird droppings may endanger the health of animals, humans and the environment as a whole. This study suggests that poultry farmers be educated about the dangers of giving medications to their birds and the significance of safe bird droppings disposal. Keywords: Antibiotic, resistance, contamination, bird droppings and disposal.
{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Birds Droppings in Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"R. D. Jabaka, P. O. Gabriel, C. Obi, U. D. Nuhu, A. Abdulazeez, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.019","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistant bacteria in bird droppings are an emerging problem of public health concern. This study investigated the antibiotic resistance pattern of some bacteria isolated from different poultry droppings. Twenty grams (20g) of each sample of bird droppings were obtained from chickens, guinea fowls and turkeys. Bacteria were isolated using cultural techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion methods against the bacterial isolates. The following Gram positive and negative bacteria were isolated; Escherichia coli (26.7%), followed by Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus (13.3%) respectively, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis accounted for 6.7% respectively. The Gram negative bacteria showed 100% susceptibility to Streptomycin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin, followed by Chloramphenicol (83.3%), Cotrimoxazole and Perfloxacin (66.7%), Ofloxacin (50%) and the least was Amoxicillin (33.3%). Moreover, the Gram negative bacteria showed highest resistance against Augmentin (66.7%), followed by Ofloxacin (50%), Cotrimoxazole, and Perfloxacin (33.3%), and then least resistance to Chloramphenicol (16.7%).Similarly, the Gram positive bacteria showed 100% susceptibility to Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime and Perfloxacin. However, the highest percentage resistance was observed against Cotrimoxazole (50%). In conclusion, this study isolated some potentially resistant bacteria from the various samples of bird droppings. Contamination by these bird droppings may endanger the health of animals, humans and the environment as a whole. This study suggests that poultry farmers be educated about the dangers of giving medications to their birds and the significance of safe bird droppings disposal. Keywords: Antibiotic, resistance, contamination, bird droppings and disposal.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84442053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Wada, Z. Abdul Rahman, M. S. Kaware, Suwaiba Muhammad Ladan
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus (CoV) that emerged from China causing diseases known as COVID-19, mainly involves the respiratory system. It has ravaged through most of the world causing death in huge numbers. CoVs are zoonotic as they are transferred from animals to humans. Several animals have been suggested to be the host for SARS-CoV-2 ranging from bats, camels and pigs. The presence of a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein called spike protein is responsible for CoVs’ ability to penetrate the host’s tissues. The immune response elicited during the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 is most largely dependent on the macrophages, dendritic cells, T-cells and the human epithelial cells which determine the aftermath and lodging of chemokines and cytokines. The RT-qPCR is the preferred test for the confirmation of the disease although several Rapid Diagnostic Tests are also in use. Remdesivir, favilavir, niclosamide and ciclesonide are promising drugs under clinical trial or research to manage COVID-19. Several vaccines are also under clinical trial phase to mitigate the effect of COVID-19. Malaysia had its index case on the January 24th, 2020 and since then, Malaysia handling of the pandemic have been superb, well planned out and worthy of emulation from other countries. They have carried out an unprecedented number of tests surpassing any other country in the region. Keywords: diagnosis, Malaysia, pathogenesis, Sars-CoV-2, COVID-19, treatment.
{"title":"An Insight into the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of SARS-Cov-2 with a Synopsis of Situation in Malaysia during the 2020 Outbreak","authors":"Y. Wada, Z. Abdul Rahman, M. S. Kaware, Suwaiba Muhammad Ladan","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.002","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus (CoV) that emerged from China causing diseases known as COVID-19, mainly involves the respiratory system. It has ravaged through most of the world causing death in huge numbers. CoVs are zoonotic as they are transferred from animals to humans. Several animals have been suggested to be the host for SARS-CoV-2 ranging from bats, camels and pigs. The presence of a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein called spike protein is responsible for CoVs’ ability to penetrate the host’s tissues. The immune response elicited during the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 is most largely dependent on the macrophages, dendritic cells, T-cells and the human epithelial cells which determine the aftermath and lodging of chemokines and cytokines. The RT-qPCR is the preferred test for the confirmation of the disease although several Rapid Diagnostic Tests are also in use. Remdesivir, favilavir, niclosamide and ciclesonide are promising drugs under clinical trial or research to manage COVID-19. Several vaccines are also under clinical trial phase to mitigate the effect of COVID-19. Malaysia had its index case on the January 24th, 2020 and since then, Malaysia handling of the pandemic have been superb, well planned out and worthy of emulation from other countries. They have carried out an unprecedented number of tests surpassing any other country in the region. Keywords: diagnosis, Malaysia, pathogenesis, Sars-CoV-2, COVID-19, treatment.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79847256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K., B. Abdullahi, I. Jaafaru, J. N. Ezeh, D. Haruna, M. Achi
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with coagulation abnormalities- disordered hemostasis and high thrombotic risk. The aim of the study was to compare and analyze the clotting profiles between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Conventional coagulation tests such as Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Prothrombin time (PT) and International normalized ratio (INR) were used to determine the coagulation in the respondents. Fifty (50) samples were collected for the test. Out of these samples collected, twenty five 25 were positive for COVID-19. Age group 61-70 had the highest percentage of positive cases 40% while age group 41-50 had the least percentage of positive cases 4% respectively. Concerning gender, males had the higher number of positive cases 15 than their female counterparts 10. All epidemiological and clinical data were collected; analyzed and comparative results were carried out. The presence of history of previous diseases was more among COVID-19 patients than non-COVID-19 patients. The clinical characteristics between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients showed similarities in body temperature, catarrh, headache, sore throat and sputum, but the presence of heavy cough was observed among COVID-19 patients. The clinical laboratory results showed significant difference (p<0.05) and positive correlation were found among the PT (0.17), APTT (0.12) and INR (0.08) between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients. These results are indications that there is need for more research in this area of study to know the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 virus among patients. Keywords: Coronavirus, Prothrombin, Patients, Thromboplastin
{"title":"Comparative Study and Analysis of Clotting Profiles Between Covid-19 And NonCovid-19 Patients In Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna","authors":"A. K., B. Abdullahi, I. Jaafaru, J. N. Ezeh, D. Haruna, M. Achi","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.016","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with coagulation abnormalities- disordered hemostasis and high thrombotic risk. The aim of the study was to compare and analyze the clotting profiles between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Conventional coagulation tests such as Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Prothrombin time (PT) and International normalized ratio (INR) were used to determine the coagulation in the respondents. Fifty (50) samples were collected for the test. Out of these samples collected, twenty five 25 were positive for COVID-19. Age group 61-70 had the highest percentage of positive cases 40% while age group 41-50 had the least percentage of positive cases 4% respectively. Concerning gender, males had the higher number of positive cases 15 than their female counterparts 10. All epidemiological and clinical data were collected; analyzed and comparative results were carried out. The presence of history of previous diseases was more among COVID-19 patients than non-COVID-19 patients. The clinical characteristics between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients showed similarities in body temperature, catarrh, headache, sore throat and sputum, but the presence of heavy cough was observed among COVID-19 patients. The clinical laboratory results showed significant difference (p<0.05) and positive correlation were found among the PT (0.17), APTT (0.12) and INR (0.08) between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients. These results are indications that there is need for more research in this area of study to know the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 virus among patients. Keywords: Coronavirus, Prothrombin, Patients, Thromboplastin","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85900916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to compare the specificity and sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/Rif and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion methods of detecting rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive patients attending the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) Centre of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano. A total of 150 AFB positive samples were collected and processed according to the guideline given by National TB and Leprosy Control Program (2015) and WHO (2012), The result revealed that rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-TB) from the samples was very high; 66.7% and 60.8% for GeneXpert MTB/Rif and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion methods respectively. Cohen’s Kappa (interrater reliability) statistical analysis indicated a substantial agreement between GeneXpert and LJ Proportion specificity and sensitivity (Kappa value = 0.73). Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, GeneXpert MTB/Rif, Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion, Rifampicin resistance.
{"title":"Comparative Studies of the Methods of Detecting Rifampicin Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano","authors":"A. Umar, J. A. Hamza, Mujahid H., P. Igba","doi":"10.47430/ujmr.2162.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to compare the specificity and sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/Rif and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion methods of detecting rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive patients attending the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) Centre of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano. A total of 150 AFB positive samples were collected and processed according to the guideline given by National TB and Leprosy Control Program (2015) and WHO (2012), The result revealed that rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-TB) from the samples was very high; 66.7% and 60.8% for GeneXpert MTB/Rif and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion methods respectively. Cohen’s Kappa (interrater reliability) statistical analysis indicated a substantial agreement between GeneXpert and LJ Proportion specificity and sensitivity (Kappa value = 0.73). Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, GeneXpert MTB/Rif, Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion, Rifampicin resistance.","PeriodicalId":23463,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80649540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：