Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Post-marketing safety surveillance of the BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) COVID-19 vaccine in Peruvian healthcare workers: A retrospective analysis of a Pharmacovigilance Center","authors":"L. Yesenia Rodríguez-Tanta ,&nbsp;Raquel Delgado-Escalante ,&nbsp;Tania del Pilar Solis-Yucra ,&nbsp;Enrique Cachay Rojas ,&nbsp;Guisela Alva Lozada ,&nbsp;Liz E. Veramendi-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Vladimir Espinoza-Ildefonso ,&nbsp;Violeta Saromo-Meléndez ,&nbsp;Anaís Lazarte-Ramos ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Aldave ,&nbsp;Mariela Milla Pimentel ,&nbsp;Carla Garcia Torres ,&nbsp;Claudia Rentería Valdiviezo ,&nbsp;Víctor E. Lechuga-Noa","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) was first introduced in Peru among healthcare workers. We evaluated its safety profile by analyzing adverse events following immunization (AEFI) reports and conducting clinical and causality assessments for cases meeting criteria for adverse events of special interest (AESI) and serious adverse events (SAEs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Pharmacovigilance Center of EsSalud. We identified, estimated the overall reporting rate, and described key characteristics of AEFI reports, including differences by gender and age group. Clinicians trained in vaccine safety performed clinical assessments for AESIs and SAEs based on medical records and conducted formal causality assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From February to August 2021, we identified 2280 AEFI reports (1052 per 100,000 doses; 95% CI 1009–1097), corresponding to 4376 adverse event terms. Of these, 22 met AESI criteria, with only two anaphylaxis cases causally linked to the vaccine (A1). The remaining 4354 events were grouped into 14 MedDRA SOC categories, with nervous system disorders (30%) and injection site reactions (11%) most frequent. Gastrointestinal events were more common in women (12.6% vs. 7.9%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), while men reported more general disorders (16% vs. 10.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Adults ≥65 years reported more vascular and eye disorders. Fifteen events were categorized as SAEs and classified as category C.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This first post-marketing safety evaluation of BBIBP-CorV among Peruvian healthcare personnel found a low AEFI reporting rate, with mostly mild events. Access to medical records enabled accurate assessment, supporting local pharmacovigilance and public health decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary evaluation of immune responses in mice after a single mRNA immunization with Echinococcus granulosus Eg95 and Coenurus cerebralis TM16","authors":"Chun-Ni Meng ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Wei-Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Hong-Bin Yan ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lin Sun ,&nbsp;Bao-Quan Fu ,&nbsp;Nian-Zhang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> and <em>Taenia multiceps</em> cause zoonotic cystic diseases. Studies have shown that Eg95 from <em>E. granulosus</em> is highly conserved, exhibits excellent immunogenicity, and serves as a critical candidate antigen. In recent years, the TM16 recombinant protein antigen has been one of the most studied antigens for preventing <em>C. cerebralis</em> and demonstrates optimal experimental immunogenicity. This study developed both recombinant protein and mRNA-LNP vaccines targeting the Eg95 and TM16 antigens. Immunization of BALB/c mice showed that both vaccines significantly increased specific antibody levels (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), inducing a predominant Th1-type immune response. The mRNA-LNP vaccine demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing IgG2a levels and CD8+ T cell responses compared to the protein vaccine. These results indicate strong immunogenicity and support further evaluation of the Eg95-TM16 mRNA-LNP vaccine in intermediate hosts like sheep and goats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a 25-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in pneumococcal vaccine-naive healthy adults: Results from 2 randomised, controlled clinical trials","authors":"Joanne M. Langley ,&nbsp;Manish Sadarangani ,&nbsp;Christian Ockenhouse ,&nbsp;Luis Barreto ,&nbsp;Lingyun Ye ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Tang ,&nbsp;Janis L. Breeze ,&nbsp;Jodi Feser ,&nbsp;Nancy A. Hosken ,&nbsp;Indah Andi-Lolo ,&nbsp;Sybil A. Tasker ,&nbsp;Scott A. Halperin ,&nbsp;the Canadian Immunization Research Network","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumococcus causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide in children under 5. IVT PCV-25 is a 25-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV25) designed to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease from the serotypes predominant in children, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We completed 2 randomised, parallel-group, double-blind clinical trials in Canada to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single IM dose of PCV25 in healthy adults who had no history of pneumococcal vaccination or microbiologically confirmed IPD. PCV20 (Prevnar 20) was the control. In CVIA 096, 30 participants per group were randomised to PCV25 at a dose similar to PCV 20 (2.2 μg for each serotype polysaccharide (except 4.4 μg for serotype 6B) with 125 μg aluminium as aluminium phosphate (2.2/125)) or PCV20. Potentially more immunogenic formulations with higher polysaccharide and/or aluminium phosphate dose were evaluated in CVIA105, where 40 participants were randomised to PCV25 (2.2/125), 60 to PCV25 (2.2/250), 80 to PCV25 (4.4/250), and 40 to PCV20.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants were female and white. All participants were included in the safety analyses. One participant in CVIA 096 and 6 participants in CVIA 105 were excluded from the immunogenicity analyses because of protocol deviations that might interfere with immune response. Solicited and unsolicited AE profiles were similar for PCV25 and PCV20. No Grade 4 events were reported. At the highest dose, PCV25 elicited IgG and OPA responses with GMFRs of ≥2 for all 25 serotypes and for serotype 6A except for OPA response to 35B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple formulations of IVT PCV-25, a vaccine designed to cover pneumococcal serotypes prevalent in LMICs, were well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy adults. As adult immunogenicity is not fully predictive for infants, further development will evaluate safety and immunogenicity in the target infant population.</div><div><span><span><em>ClinicalTrials.gov</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span> <span><span><em>NCT05540028</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span><em>,</em> <span><span><em>NCT06077656</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical immunogenicity studies of Haemophilus influenzae type a glycoconjugate vaccine","authors":"Gowri Chellappan ,&nbsp;Florence Seal ,&nbsp;Winston Umakanth Balasundaram ,&nbsp;Yutai Zhao ,&nbsp;Giriraj Chalke ,&nbsp;Shangdong Guo ,&nbsp;Gowthami Jagruthi Penumaka ,&nbsp;Geetha Karengil ,&nbsp;Amandeep Grewal ,&nbsp;Rashmi Ghayal ,&nbsp;Jen Gan ,&nbsp;Richa Puri ,&nbsp;Dimple Reshma Machado ,&nbsp;Aakriti Bajracharya ,&nbsp;Pradip Ghate ,&nbsp;Anup Datta ,&nbsp;Subhash V. Kapre","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> type a (Hia) disease is associated with fatality and morbidity, predominantly in children from Northern indigenous communities in Canada and Alaska. Symptoms include but are not limited to meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, otitis media and bacteremia. A key virulence factor associated with Hia pathogenesis is the bacterial capsular polysaccharides. Prophylactic vaccines targeting the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigens is considered a promising intervention strategy given the effectiveness of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines against diverse bacterial pathogens. In the same vein, we in this study have presented the development of Hia conjugate vaccine involving hydrazide-polyethylene glycol-hydrazide linker with rCRM197 as a carrier protein. Preclinical immunogenicity data indicated induction of robust serum bactericidal antibody responses at a 10-μg CPS antigen dose in rabbits like the PedvaxHIB® comparator, leading to evaluation of the Hia vaccine candidate in Phase I clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory mechanisms of menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents","authors":"Ariel B. Handy ,&nbsp;Boyu Ren ,&nbsp;Laura C. Seidman ,&nbsp;Steven W. Granger ,&nbsp;Laura A. Payne","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Changes in menstrual cycle characteristics following COVID-19 vaccination have been reported in women and adolescent girls, yet the biological mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Inflammation, though frequently hypothesized as a possible mechanism underlying this finding, has yet to be explicitly studied. Thus, the present study examined the relationships of ovarian hormones and inflammatory processes pre- and post-COVID-19 booster vaccination to menstrual changes among adolescent girls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>47 adolescent girls aged 13–20 who received a COVID-19 booster vaccination provided saliva samples and completed self-reported measures at five time points across the menstrual cycle. Saliva samples were assayed for inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and ovarian hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher levels of IL-1β, measured 24 h post-vaccination, were significantly associated with shorter cycle length in the cycle during which the booster was administered. No significant effects were found for ovarian hormones or other inflammatory markers. Cluster analyses based on anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels identified two distinct immune response profiles (high and low responders), though this was not significantly associated with menstrual cycle changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β plays a significant role in explaining the shortening of the menstrual cycle following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescent girls, primarily impacting the cycle in which the vaccine was received This finding suggests that vaccine-induced inflammation can influence menstrual cycle regulation in adolescents, possibly due to the immaturity of the HPO-axes during adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle-free intradermal delivery of a recombinant PRRSV-vectored CSFV E2 vaccine enhances humoral immunity and growth performance in piglets","authors":"Wenna Shuai ,&nbsp;Qi Sun ,&nbsp;Jiale Li ,&nbsp;Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Junrui Zhu ,&nbsp;Ziqiang Guo ,&nbsp;Meng Luo ,&nbsp;Yifan Zeng ,&nbsp;Jinbin Wang ,&nbsp;Guangzhi Tong ,&nbsp;Yanjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Fei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) remain among the most economically devastating pathogens of swine worldwide. Needle-free intradermal vaccination has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional injection, potentially improving animal welfare, biosecurity, and antigen delivery efficiency within high-density swine production systems. A recombinant PRRSV-vectored live vaccine expressing the CSFV E2 protein (rPRRSV-E2) was evaluated in fifteen 30-day-old healthy piglets. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: intramuscular injection of rPRRSV-E2 vaccine(needle-based rPRRSV-E2 immunization), intradermal injection of rPRRSV-E2 vaccine (needle-free rPRRSV-E2 immunization), or mock control. Piglets were tracked for clinical signs, growth, and rectal temperature to 63 dpv (Days Post Vaccination). PRRSV/CSFV antibodies were assayed by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); viral RNA in serum, swabs, and tissues by RT-qPCR. Gross and histopathology were done at 63 dpv. Both vaccination routes induced seroconversion to PRRSV and CSFV by 14 dpv, with the intradermal injection group exhibiting significantly higher antibody level for both antigens (<em>*p &lt;</em> 0.05). No PRRSV RNA was detected in samples from either vaccinated group. Compared to intramuscular injection, intradermal injection significantly improved the average daily weight gain, while causing no fever or notable clinical symptoms, no macroscopic or microscopic lesions, and no differences in gross pathology were noted relative to controls. Intradermal injection of rPRRSV-E2 vaccine elicited robust humoral responses against PRRSV and CSFV, matched pathogen clearance capacity of conventional injection, improved growth performance, and reduced the need for invasive handling. These findings support intradermal injection as a viable, welfare-oriented strategy for integrated control of PRRSV and CSFV in swine herds, with potential application in biosecurity-driven and high-throughput vaccination programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization of multivalent mRNA vaccines functionality by flow cytometry and mass spectrometry","authors":"Thibaut Willemin ,&nbsp;Fabien Guinchard ,&nbsp;Jauris Marmey ,&nbsp;Audrey Chareyre ,&nbsp;Audrey Aguesse ,&nbsp;Sebastien Peronin ,&nbsp;Mynel Bouhired ,&nbsp;Camille Malburet ,&nbsp;Philippe Talaga ,&nbsp;Eric Abachin ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Fertier-Prizzon","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of clinical trials involving mRNA vaccines has increased considerably over the past few years, increasing the demand for analysis and quantification of their biological activity in vitro. This present challenges due to mRNA vaccines' complex mechanism of action. As the mRNA platform requires minimal adaptations between projects, analytical methods should be quickly adaptable to maximize the technology's benefits. In the literature, mRNA vaccines biological activity is assessed using antibody-based methods that compare percentages of positive cells. However, these methods do not allow quantification of different antigen expression levels between samples, and require using specific antibodies, limiting platform applicability. This study aimed to identify the most relevant read-out using an antibody-based method, and to compare it with an antibody-independent quantifiable method (liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry; LCMS). Both approaches were used to analyze multivalent mRNA samples in stability studies. Results showed that reporting transfection efficiency by percentage of positive cells does not capture differences in protein expression between samples. Integrated median fluorescence intensity (iMFI) highlights these differences and shows trends consistent with antigens quantification by LCMS, confirming the relevance of the latter. However, the LCMS method does not allow relative potency analyses, as the parallelism between samples' dose-responses can be lost due to sample degradation. In summary, iMFI can provide a more comprehensive view of mRNA vaccine's in vitro functionality than the percentage of positive cells. Additionally, this work demonstrates that LCMS is indeed a viable antibody-free alternative to quantify mRNA vaccine functionality. However, neither method allows for calculating relative potencies as prescribed in the US pharmacopeias guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel calcium influx inducer and a TLR7 agonist are synergistic co-adjuvants that enhance cross-reactive immunity against influenza in young and aged mice","authors":"Yumi Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Shiyin Yao ,&nbsp;Renna Cozza ,&nbsp;Fernando Gil ,&nbsp;Ian Mclaughlin ,&nbsp;Paola Anguiano Quiroz ,&nbsp;Tyler Brown ,&nbsp;Nikunj M. Shukla ,&nbsp;Michael Chan ,&nbsp;Karen Messer ,&nbsp;Minya Pu ,&nbsp;Maripat Corr ,&nbsp;Dennis A. Carson ,&nbsp;Tomoko Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in the efficacy of vaccines, particularly in immunocompromised populations. Newer agents and combination strategies are needed for adequate defense against emerging pathogens and their evolving variants. Here we report the benefit of a synergistic combination of two adjuvants: a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, <strong>1V270</strong>, and a calcium influx inducer, <strong>2G272</strong>, that elicit Th1 and Th2 biased immune responses, respectively. <em>In vitro,</em> <strong>2G272</strong> significantly enhanced cytokine production induced by <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> in human and mouse primary cells, compared to a low activity analog, <strong>2E281</strong>, identified from structure-activity relationship studies. Using A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) inactivated influenza A virus (IIAV) as the antigen, the combination adjuvant (<strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong>) magnified IgG1 and IgG2a responses against hemagglutinin (HA) accompanied by greater hemagglutinin inhibition titers and increased germinal center formation in the draining lymph nodes of immunized BALB/c mice at comparable levels to FDA-approved comparators, MF59 and AS01B. The combination adjuvant also enhanced H1 HA-specific T cell responses, augmenting antigen-specific IFNγ secretion. Importantly, the <strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> combined adjuvant promoted cross-reactive antibody and cellular immune responses against other HAs in phylogenic Group 1: H5, H11, and in Group 2: H3. C57BL/6 aged mice immunized with H1N1 IIAV and <strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> generated significant anti-H1 IgG1 responses and IFNγ splenic T cell responses to H1 which were cross-reactive with H5 and H3. Collectively, our findings suggest that <strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> may be a versatile vaccine co-adjuvant system for promoting a larger breadth of cross reactive Th1/Th2 immune responses and robust GC B cell formation, including in the elderly population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gap: A qualitative assessment of limitations in school-age immunisation programme delivery for Orthodox Jewish children in northeast London","authors":"Ben Kasstan-Dabush ,&nbsp;Tehseen Khan ,&nbsp;Vanessa Saliba ,&nbsp;Tracey Chantler","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>School-based vaccine programme delivery offers convenience to parents, and reduces the burden on primary care capacity. Vaccine coverage among school-age children is lower in Hackney (northeast London), and post-pandemic coverage recovery has been limited in Hackney compared to London and England. Hackney is home to the largest Orthodox Jewish (OJ) population in Europe where most children attend independent faith schools. This study aimed to assess (i): vaccine programme delivery gaps via independent OJ schools in Hackney; and (ii) the primary care catch-up and commissioning strategies undertaken to help close gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Qualitative evaluations of national incident responses for poliovirus and measles tailored to underserved communities in northeast London (2022–24). Data consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>53</em>) with public health professionals, healthcare practitioners, community partners, and OJ parents. Vaccine clinic visits (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>11</em>) were conducted in northeast London, affording additional (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>43</em>) focused and opportunistic interviews with OJ parents attending for catch-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Evaluating the delivery of routine and outbreak vaccination campaigns to school-age children demonstrates that independent OJ schools in Hackney are a key programme delivery gap, directly impacting access to catch-up and routine adolescent programmes. OJ parents reported that they did not receive relevant vaccine programme information and invitations for school-age children via independent faith schools. Primary care-led outreach clinics were hosted to offer school-age immunisations to OJ adolescents, but did not offer HPV vaccines. Sub-commissioning community organisations to liaise with independent schools may be a strategy to help resolve this delivery gap, but would require responsibilities within school-age immunisation partnerships to be clearly assigned.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Limitations in vaccine programme delivery via independent faith schools in northeast London may play a role in suboptimal vaccination coverage. Programme gaps must be addressed to help ensure that every eligible child is invited for, and can access, routine vaccination via accessible pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B core antigen-based trivalent VLP vaccine against porcine viral diarrhea","authors":"Shouzhi Sheng ,&nbsp;Yixue Sun ,&nbsp;Jiayi Qin ,&nbsp;Jinghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Ao He ,&nbsp;Siqi Li ,&nbsp;Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Yanlong Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine viral diarrhea imposes substantial economic burdens on the swine industry. The commercial triplex-attenuated vaccine against TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV infections has limitations in preparation and efficacy. The Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg), known for its ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro and stably present exogenous antigens, serves as a critical technical foundation for the development of innovative nano-vaccines. In this study, we strategically concatenated truncated and full-length monomers of HBcAg, with the conserved linear neutralizing epitopes from TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV being respectively integrated exclusively into the truncated variants to develop a trivalent-VLP (triVLP) vaccine candidate for porcine viral diarrhea. The immunogenicity of triVLPs at two distinct dosages (25 μg and 50 μg) was then evaluated in BALB/c mice following their administration. Notably, the higher dosage of 50 μg triVLP was found to significantly enhance cellular immunity compared to the 25 μg triVLP group, as evidenced by the substantial increase in serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 observed at 35 days post-immunization (dpi). Furthermore, at 35 dpi, the IgG and virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titers against TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV in the 50 μg triVLP group were significantly higher than those observed in the group receiving the commercial triplex-attenuated vaccine, indicating a pronounced humoral immune response. Collectively, our data indicate that HBcAg-based trivalent VLPs elicit potent cellular and humoral immunity, positioning them as a prospective vaccine candidate for porcine viral diarrhea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}