Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of information interventions in reducing HPV vaccine hesitancy: a randomized survey experiment in China","authors":"Yunshu Lu , Wei Zhao , Sen Xu , Chengzhou Tang , Iltaf Hussain , Muhtar Kadirhaz , Yi Dong , Miaomiao Xu , Da Feng , Shunping Li , Yu Fang , Jie Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In September 2025 China announced the inclusion of HPV vaccination in its national immunization program; parental hesitancy remains the major modifiable barrier to rapid coverage expansion among school-age girls. Our study assessed the effectiveness of safety-focused, personal benefit, and collective benefit information interventions (vs. basic information alone) on parental HPV vaccine hesitancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This double-blind, parallel-group randomized online survey was conducted in mainland China (November–December 2023). Parents of unvaccinated girls aged 9–14 years were recruited by quota sampling. Parents were screened as slight or high hesitancy by a single screening question and randomized to four groups. All received basic vaccine information, with groups additionally received: none (control), safety-focused, personal benefit, or collective benefit information. HPV vaccine hesitancy (VHS-HPV) was the primary outcome, parental willingness to pay (WTP) the secondary. Intervention effects were analyzed using generalized linear models with multiple-comparison–adjusted <em>P</em> values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1062 parents were randomized into four parallel groups (control, safety-focused, personal benefit, and collective benefit), with 1002 completing the survey and included in the analysis. Compared with the control group, VHS-HPV scores were significantly lower in groups exposed to the personal benefit message (difference, −0.85; 95 % CI, −1.69 to −0.19; adjusted <em>P</em> = 0.045) and the collective benefit message (difference, −1.08; 95 % CI, −1.89 to −0.27; adjusted <em>P</em> = 0.009). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed in the safety message group (−0.36; 95 % CI, −1.23 to 0.50; adjusted <em>P</em> = 0.410). The effects were more pronounced among parents with higher hesitancy, with significant differences of −2.39 (95 % CI, −4.36 to −0.42; adjusted <em>P</em> = 0.018) for the personal benefit group and − 3.02 (95 % CI, −4.96 to −1.08; adjusted <em>P</em> = 0.003) for the collective benefit group compared to the control, while no significant difference was observed for the safety message group in this subgroup (−1.32; 95 % CI, −3.42 to 0.78, adjusted <em>P</em> = 0.219). Moreover, no intervention significantly altered WTP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this large online experiment, brief personal or collective benefit messages reduced parental HPV vaccine hesitancy beyond basic information alone, particularly among highly hesitant parents, without affecting WTP. Embedding such messaging into official digital communications could accelerate uptake under China's newly launched national program.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>Registered with the China Clinical Trial Registry under registration number ChiCTR2300073106 (Registered on July 1, 2023; Last Refreshed on: 2023-12-17. Available from: <span><","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle array patch delivery of Shigella flexneri 2a GMMA","authors":"Yoona Choi ,&nbsp;In-Jeong Choi ,&nbsp;Doo Hee Shim ,&nbsp;Hye-Ran Cha ,&nbsp;Francesca Mancini ,&nbsp;Diletta Collalto ,&nbsp;Emilia Cappelletti ,&nbsp;Carlo Giannelli ,&nbsp;Omar Rossi ,&nbsp;Francesca Micoli ,&nbsp;Danbi Kwon ,&nbsp;Aram Kang ,&nbsp;Hyeongdeok Sun ,&nbsp;Ji Seok Kim ,&nbsp;Jeong-Eun Choi ,&nbsp;Seung-Ki Baek ,&nbsp;Hae-Eun Lim ,&nbsp;Byung-Hoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jung-Hwan Park ,&nbsp;Jae Myun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Shigella</em> infections have long been a significant contributor to global diarrheal mortality, yet no approved <em>Shigella</em> vaccines are currently available. Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) has emerged as an innovative platform for developing vaccines against <em>Shigella.</em> Here, for the first time, this technology was combined with a microneedle array patch (MAP), a transdermal vaccine delivery system, as an attractive method to overcome the drawbacks of parenteral administration routes. First, we demonstrated that two types of MAPs, the coated (C-MAP) and powder-attached (P-MAP) formats, loaded with <em>Shigella flexneri</em> 2a GMMA maintained their quality throughout the manufacturing process and was stable during storage for one month. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity induced by the two GMMA MAP vaccines in mice. Both C-MAP and P-MAP elicited anti-OAg serum IgG and bactericidal antibodies comparable to those obtained <em>via</em> intramuscular (IM) injection of 5 μg/dose of OAg. Furthermore, P-MAP elicited the strongest long-term immunogenicity. Ultimately, P-MAP delivery of <em>S. flexneri</em> 2a GMMA induced the most robust and durable immune response, suggesting the possibility of combining these two platforms for <em>Shigella</em> vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TLR5 versus TLR7/8 agonist-dependent modulation of the early gene expression response to inactivated influenza virus vaccine in newborn nonhuman primates","authors":"Courtney L. Page ,&nbsp;Beth C. Holbrook ,&nbsp;Lance D. Miller ,&nbsp;Jason M. Grayson ,&nbsp;Martha A. Alexander-Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an urgent need for strategies that can improve vaccine immunogenicity, especially for vulnerable populations such as newborns and young infants. Growing evidence supports Toll-Like Receptor agonists (TLRa) as potent stimulatory molecules to increase vaccine efficacy. We have previously demonstrated that the inclusion of either flagellin (TLR5a) or R848 (TLR7/8a) in an inactivated influenza virus vaccine can improve responses in newborn NHP, with R848 being superior at providing protection upon challenge. This study aimed to identify early immune events triggered by either inactivated virus alone or in combination with R848 or flagellin using scRNA-seq analysis of draining lymph nodes (dLN) collected 24 h after vaccination. Our study reveals that globally, R848 enhanced gene expression associated with B cell activation, while flagellin was a stronger modulator of T cells. Analysis of distinct lymph node populations showed that surprisingly, while APCs had a potent transcriptional response to inactivated virus, we observed minimal additional changes in transcriptional activity with addition of a TLRa. In contrast, R848 had a potent effect on cellular translation, while flagellin resulted in increased expression of type I interferon genes in B cells. All vaccines resulted in a population of T cells bearing an interferon response signature that was further modified by TLRa inclusion. R848 uniquely increased the expression of genes involved with cellular migration and inflammation in this population, while flagellin increased genes involved in vesicular trafficking, cAMP responsiveness, and calcium signaling. Together, these results suggest R848 promotes newborn B cell activation and enhanced migration/retention in the dLN. In contrast, flagellin amplifies the type I interferon signature of B cells and had broad impacts on the responding T cell population. Our findings provide new insights into the modulation of early vaccine responses in newborns following administration of inactivated influenza virus, R848 and flagellin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental perceptions of adverse events associated with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Brazil","authors":"José Cassio de Moraes ,&nbsp;Karina Braga Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Juan C. Vargas-Zambrano ,&nbsp;Maria Josefa Penón Rújula","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To better understand parents/caregivers' perceptions of adverse events (AEs) associated with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine and the impact of family routine activities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using a parent-reported outcomes approach to describe the perception of AEs following immunization with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1260 parents/caregivers of children who received a whole-cell pentavalent vaccine were enrolled in the study. The most frequently reported AE was tenderness/pain at the injection site (72.4%). Parents/caregivers also reported at least some grade (a little bit more, moderate, or significant/severe) of redness at the injection site (25.2%), swelling (32.4%), a fever ≥38 °C (41.9%), vomiting (7%), and changes in appetite (27.1%), sleeping (34%), and crying (43.7%) patterns. Overall, 86.8% of the parents/caregivers reported at least one AE or change in the child's behavior. A significant positive gradient was observed, i.e., the higher the income, the higher the frequency of AEs/behavior change perceived by the parents/caregivers. The analysis by dose did not show significant differences, except for local pain/tenderness (77.6% vs. 73.5% for D1 and 65.4% for D3, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and changes in child's appetite (34.3% vs. 22.9% for D1 and 26% for D3, <em>p</em> = 0.001) that were more frequent among children receiving the first booster, while changes in child's sleeping (39.1% vs. 26% for D3 and 34.3% for the first booster, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and crying (49% vs. 37.7% for D3 and 42.2% for the first booster, <em>p</em> = 0.003) patterns were more frequent among those receiving D1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study showed that the reported AEs following wP-pentavalent vaccine significantly impact Brazilian children and their families. The switch to less reactogenic vaccines, such as aP hexavalent vaccine, can diminish this impact and contribute to recovering high VCR rates, avoiding outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B core antigen-based trivalent VLP vaccine against porcine viral diarrhea","authors":"Shouzhi Sheng ,&nbsp;Yixue Sun ,&nbsp;Jiayi Qin ,&nbsp;Jinghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Ao He ,&nbsp;Siqi Li ,&nbsp;Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Yanlong Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine viral diarrhea imposes substantial economic burdens on the swine industry. The commercial triplex-attenuated vaccine against TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV infections has limitations in preparation and efficacy. The Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg), known for its ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro and stably present exogenous antigens, serves as a critical technical foundation for the development of innovative nano-vaccines. In this study, we strategically concatenated truncated and full-length monomers of HBcAg, with the conserved linear neutralizing epitopes from TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV being respectively integrated exclusively into the truncated variants to develop a trivalent-VLP (triVLP) vaccine candidate for porcine viral diarrhea. The immunogenicity of triVLPs at two distinct dosages (25 μg and 50 μg) was then evaluated in BALB/c mice following their administration. Notably, the higher dosage of 50 μg triVLP was found to significantly enhance cellular immunity compared to the 25 μg triVLP group, as evidenced by the substantial increase in serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 observed at 35 days post-immunization (dpi). Furthermore, at 35 dpi, the IgG and virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titers against TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV in the 50 μg triVLP group were significantly higher than those observed in the group receiving the commercial triplex-attenuated vaccine, indicating a pronounced humoral immune response. Collectively, our data indicate that HBcAg-based trivalent VLPs elicit potent cellular and humoral immunity, positioning them as a prospective vaccine candidate for porcine viral diarrhea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gap: A qualitative assessment of limitations in school-age immunisation programme delivery for Orthodox Jewish children in northeast London","authors":"Ben Kasstan-Dabush ,&nbsp;Tehseen Khan ,&nbsp;Vanessa Saliba ,&nbsp;Tracey Chantler","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>School-based vaccine programme delivery offers convenience to parents, and reduces the burden on primary care capacity. Vaccine coverage among school-age children is lower in Hackney (northeast London), and post-pandemic coverage recovery has been limited in Hackney compared to London and England. Hackney is home to the largest Orthodox Jewish (OJ) population in Europe where most children attend independent faith schools. This study aimed to assess (i): vaccine programme delivery gaps via independent OJ schools in Hackney; and (ii) the primary care catch-up and commissioning strategies undertaken to help close gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Qualitative evaluations of national incident responses for poliovirus and measles tailored to underserved communities in northeast London (2022–24). Data consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>53</em>) with public health professionals, healthcare practitioners, community partners, and OJ parents. Vaccine clinic visits (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>11</em>) were conducted in northeast London, affording additional (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>43</em>) focused and opportunistic interviews with OJ parents attending for catch-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Evaluating the delivery of routine and outbreak vaccination campaigns to school-age children demonstrates that independent OJ schools in Hackney are a key programme delivery gap, directly impacting access to catch-up and routine adolescent programmes. OJ parents reported that they did not receive relevant vaccine programme information and invitations for school-age children via independent faith schools. Primary care-led outreach clinics were hosted to offer school-age immunisations to OJ adolescents, but did not offer HPV vaccines. Sub-commissioning community organisations to liaise with independent schools may be a strategy to help resolve this delivery gap, but would require responsibilities within school-age immunisation partnerships to be clearly assigned.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Limitations in vaccine programme delivery via independent faith schools in northeast London may play a role in suboptimal vaccination coverage. Programme gaps must be addressed to help ensure that every eligible child is invited for, and can access, routine vaccination via accessible pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness by sex among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness—IVY network, January 24, 2022–September 1, 2024","authors":"Elizabeth J. Harker ,&nbsp;Nathaniel M. Lewis ,&nbsp;Cassandra A. Johnson ,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Wesley H. Self ,&nbsp;Natasha Halasa ,&nbsp;James D. Chappell ,&nbsp;Carlos G. Grijalva ,&nbsp;Basmah Safdar ,&nbsp;Manju Gaglani ,&nbsp;Cristie Columbus ,&nbsp;Jay Steingrub ,&nbsp;Nathan Shapiro ,&nbsp;Abhijit Duggal ,&nbsp;Lawrence Busse ,&nbsp;Laurynn Giles ,&nbsp;Ithan Peltan ,&nbsp;David Hager ,&nbsp;Amira Mohamed ,&nbsp;Matthew Exline ,&nbsp;Sascha Ellington","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This analysis assessed differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severe in-hospital outcomes between U.S. male and female adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a multi-center network during 2022–2024. Compared with men, women hospitalized with influenza were less likely to smoke (21.5 % vs 25.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.02), to have COPD (21.9 % vs 22.7 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and to be admitted to an intensive care unit once hospitalized (17.3 % vs 20.7 %, <em>P</em> = 0.04). Influenza VE (95 % confidence interval [CI]) was significantly higher in women aged ≥50 years compared with men aged ≥50 years (48.5 % [39.2 %–56.4 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %–37.5 %]). VE was slightly lower in women aged 18–49 years compared with women ≥50 years (46.2 % [95 % CI: 24.2 %–61.8 % vs 61.3 % [41.0 %–74.6 %]) but significantly lower in men aged ≥50 years compared with men aged 18–49 years (61.3 % [41.0 %–74.6 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %–37.5 %]). Disaggregation of sex should be considered in future influenza VE studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation live vector vaccine targeting Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum via recombinant Salmonella","authors":"Rabia Sabir ,&nbsp;Mingxing Liu ,&nbsp;Hussain Ahmad Saeed ,&nbsp;Ze Deng ,&nbsp;Sirui Jia ,&nbsp;Jinsheng Tang ,&nbsp;Zhe Ma ,&nbsp;Hongjie Fan ,&nbsp;Huixing Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian mycoplasmosis has a considerable financial impact on the global chicken industry with <em>Mycoplasma synoviae</em> (MS) and <em>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</em> (MG) being the dominant causes. Currently, inactivated vaccines provide minimal cross-protection and can't induce high levels of mucosal immunity, indicating the need to develop more effective immunisation platforms. This study aimed at designing and testing rationally engineered live recombinant vaccines using <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhimurium expressing MS- and MG-specific antigens, <em>GrpE</em> and <em>CrmA</em>, to produce a robust immune response. Three recombinant <em>Salmonella</em> Δ<em>phoPQ</em> strains, including SG1 (<em>GrpE</em>), SG2 (<em>CrmA</em>), and SFGs (<em>GrpE</em> + <em>CrmA</em>), were designed and verified by western blotting. The humoral (IgG), mucosal (IgA), cytokine (IFN- α, IL-1β, TNF- α), and innate immune (TLR15, iNOS) responses were determined using ELISA and qRT-PCR. The effectiveness of protection was determined by the use of clinical indicators, bacterial load measurements, histological examination, and survival parameters following the homologous challenge of MS or MG. The results showed that SG1 and SG2 significantly increased mucosal IgA titers (OD: 0.82 ± 0.02 and 0.77 ± 0.01, respectively) and antigen-specific IgG (mean OD: 1.66 ± 0.03 and 3.17 ± 0.06, respectively) relative to inactivated vaccine and control groups (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). The IgG (1.24 ± 0.04) and IgA (0.73 ± 0.01) of SFGs were moderate, indicating a dual expression of antigens in them. These reactions were accompanied by the upregulation of IFN-alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TLR15, and iNOS gene expression, indicating the activation of Th1-biased and innate immune responses. Recombinant strains showed strong protective performance, with a survival rate of 90 to 95% after challenge and also reduced shedding of bacteria as well as histological changes. As a result, strains of Recombinant <em>Salmonella</em> expressing <em>GrpE</em> and <em>CrmA</em> resulted in robust humoral, innate, and mucosal immune responses, which provide significant protection against MS and MG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel calcium influx inducer and a TLR7 agonist are synergistic co-adjuvants that enhance cross-reactive immunity against influenza in young and aged mice","authors":"Yumi Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Shiyin Yao ,&nbsp;Renna Cozza ,&nbsp;Fernando Gil ,&nbsp;Ian Mclaughlin ,&nbsp;Paola Anguiano Quiroz ,&nbsp;Tyler Brown ,&nbsp;Nikunj M. Shukla ,&nbsp;Michael Chan ,&nbsp;Karen Messer ,&nbsp;Minya Pu ,&nbsp;Maripat Corr ,&nbsp;Dennis A. Carson ,&nbsp;Tomoko Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in the efficacy of vaccines, particularly in immunocompromised populations. Newer agents and combination strategies are needed for adequate defense against emerging pathogens and their evolving variants. Here we report the benefit of a synergistic combination of two adjuvants: a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, <strong>1V270</strong>, and a calcium influx inducer, <strong>2G272</strong>, that elicit Th1 and Th2 biased immune responses, respectively. <em>In vitro,</em> <strong>2G272</strong> significantly enhanced cytokine production induced by <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> in human and mouse primary cells, compared to a low activity analog, <strong>2E281</strong>, identified from structure-activity relationship studies. Using A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) inactivated influenza A virus (IIAV) as the antigen, the combination adjuvant (<strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong>) magnified IgG1 and IgG2a responses against hemagglutinin (HA) accompanied by greater hemagglutinin inhibition titers and increased germinal center formation in the draining lymph nodes of immunized BALB/c mice at comparable levels to FDA-approved comparators, MF59 and AS01B. The combination adjuvant also enhanced H1 HA-specific T cell responses, augmenting antigen-specific IFNγ secretion. Importantly, the <strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> combined adjuvant promoted cross-reactive antibody and cellular immune responses against other HAs in phylogenic Group 1: H5, H11, and in Group 2: H3. C57BL/6 aged mice immunized with H1N1 IIAV and <strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> generated significant anti-H1 IgG1 responses and IFNγ splenic T cell responses to H1 which were cross-reactive with H5 and H3. Collectively, our findings suggest that <strong>2G272</strong> + <strong>1</strong><strong>V270</strong> may be a versatile vaccine co-adjuvant system for promoting a larger breadth of cross reactive Th1/Th2 immune responses and robust GC B cell formation, including in the elderly population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust immunoreaction induced by a subunit vaccine of PEDV spike protein based on GEM surface-display system","authors":"Xuwen Qiao ,&nbsp;Luping Du ,&nbsp;Zhu Qin ,&nbsp;Yuanpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Lan Li ,&nbsp;Yiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Jibo Hou ,&nbsp;Jin Chen ,&nbsp;Qisheng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) pandemic underscores the urgent need for safe, effective, and readily deployable subunit vaccines against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). In this study, we developed a subunit vaccine by displaying the PEDV spike (S) protein on Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles via a protein anchor (PA), resulting in stable particulate antigen complexes designated GEM-S. The immunogenicity of GEM-S was evaluated in mice. Immune responses in lymph nodes (LNs), spleen, and serum were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virus neutralization assays. Compared to soluble S protein, both GEM-S and the oil-adjuvanted control 206-S significantly upregulated cytokine/chemokine expression, increased antigen-presenting cell (APC) numbers in LNs, enhanced co-stimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells (DCs), and elevated systemic antibody titers. Notably, GEM-S induced a higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, stronger intestinal mucosal IgA production, and a more sustained antibody response than 206-S, despite generating lower total IgG levels. These findings indicate that the particulate GEM-S formulation can effectively elicit robust PEDV-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses in mice, supporting its further investigation as a promising subunit vaccine candidate against PEDV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}