Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Absenteeism related to respiratory infections among healthcare personnel in hospitals in Greece from 2020–2021 to 2024–2025","authors":"Helena C. Maltezou ,&nbsp;Theodoros V. Giannouchos ,&nbsp;Maria N. Gamaletsou ,&nbsp;Dimitra-Maria Koukou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Lemonakis ,&nbsp;Flora Sourri ,&nbsp;Emmanuela Peskelidou ,&nbsp;Evanthia Botsa ,&nbsp;Athanasia Lourida ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou ,&nbsp;Periklis Panagopoulos ,&nbsp;Nikolaos V. Sipsas","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To study absenteeism among healthcare personnel (HCP) in Greek hospitals from 2020–2021 to 2024–2025.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected prospectively. Multivariable regressions were applied to estimate associations between variables, duration and cause of absenteeism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We studied 5525 absenteeism episodes with 38,482 days missed (17.8 episodes per 100 HCP; mean duration of absence per episode: 7.0 days). Compared to other seasons, the 2021–2022 season had the highest number of absenteeism episodes per 100 HCP (28.7) and the longest mean weekly duration of absence per 100 HCP (10.6 days per week) (<em>p</em>-value &lt;0.001 for both). Causes of absenteeism were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (61.8%), asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (10.4%), exposure to COVID-19 (8.3%), and influenza (5.2%). The incidence of COVID-19-related absenteeism declined overtime, while influenza-related absenteeism increased gradually. Compared to unvaccinated HCP, fully and partially COVID-19 vaccinated HCP had 2.58 and 2.08 fewer days of absence, and lower odds of COVID-19-associated absenteeism [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.36; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.26–0.51 and aOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.33–0.67, respectively]. The full COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against absenteeism was 67.9% (95% CI: 64.0%–71.3%) and against COVID-19-related absenteeism was 55.8% (95% CI: 48.9%–61.8%). Influenza VE against influenza-related absenteeism was 44.8% (95% CI: 22.8%–60.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COVID-19 was the main driver of absenteeism among HCP, however a gradual shift to influenza-related absenteeism occurred overtime. COVID-19 vaccination conferred protection against any absenteeism and against COVID-19-related absenteeism. Influenza vaccination significantly protected against influenza-related absenteeism. HCP should remain up-to-date with COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations to confer protection which can further safeguard healthcare facilities from absenteeism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VSA-2-, a novel plant-derived adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine","authors":"Awadalkareem Adam ,&nbsp;Christy Lee ,&nbsp;Madison C. Jones ,&nbsp;Brinley R. Harrington ,&nbsp;Jing Zou ,&nbsp;Bi-Hung Peng ,&nbsp;Xuping Xie ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Tian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>QS-21, a key component of several licensed vaccines is facing limited supply, dose-limiting toxicity and other drawbacks which together limit its broader usage. Development of saponin alternatives to QS-21 that retain its desirable adjuvant activity without its drawbacks is in high need. Incorporating an amide side chain into the more sustainable <em>Momordica</em> saponins (MS) I and II led to the recent discovery of two semisynthetic immunostimulatory adjuvants VSA-1 and VSA-2. Here, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding protein (RBD) adjuvanted with VSA-2 induced high titers of SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and T helper-1 prone immune responses in mice comparable to that triggered by QS-21-RBD vaccination. Vaccination with VSA-2-RBD provided strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 and variants infection and the virus-induced lung inflammation and pathology similarly as QS-21-RBD vaccination. Overall, our results suggest that VSA-2 adjuvant can potentially complement the clinically proven saponin adjuvant QS-21 in vaccines against infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring regional variations in the provision of influenza vaccination in Italy","authors":"Fabio Contarino ,&nbsp;Claudio Fiorilla ,&nbsp;Francesca Bella ,&nbsp;Andrea Orsi ,&nbsp;Antonio Mistretta ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Icardi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Influenza remains a major global public health concern, particularly affecting high-risk populations and straining healthcare systems. Vaccination coverage in Italy remains suboptimal, with wide regional variability. This study explores regional differences in the provision of influenza vaccination in Italy's decentralized health system, based on official regional circulars and institutional documents.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Information on the vaccination campaigns was collected from official regional circulars and institutional documents, obtained via institutional websites or direct contact with regional Prevention Departments. A structured grid guided the extraction and comparison of key elements, including vaccine types, prioritized risk groups, additional coverage indicators, and procurement volumes. Vaccination coverage data were used for contextual and comparative purposes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Marked regional heterogeneity was observed in vaccine procurement and campaign planning. Ten regions procured all five authorized influenza vaccine types, while others omitted one or more. Several regions introduced additional coverage targets and prioritized specific high-risk populations. Reported procurement volumes varied widely, with an almost twofold difference between the regions at the extremes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights substantial regional heterogeneity in the implementation of the 2024/2025 influenza vaccination campaign in Italy, particularly in vaccine selection, prioritization strategies, and coverage targets. Regions with clearly defined temporal priorities and additional objectives tended to achieve higher vaccination coverage. Despite differences, common structural elements, such as the central role of Prevention Departments and involvement of general practitioners, were observed. Findings underscore the need for harmonized yet context-sensitive immunization policies in decentralized healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a 25-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in pneumococcal vaccine-naive healthy adults: Results from 2 randomised, controlled clinical trials","authors":"Joanne M. Langley ,&nbsp;Manish Sadarangani ,&nbsp;Christian Ockenhouse ,&nbsp;Luis Barreto ,&nbsp;Lingyun Ye ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Tang ,&nbsp;Janis L. Breeze ,&nbsp;Jodi Feser ,&nbsp;Nancy A. Hosken ,&nbsp;Indah Andi-Lolo ,&nbsp;Sybil A. Tasker ,&nbsp;Scott A. Halperin ,&nbsp;the Canadian Immunization Research Network","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumococcus causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide in children under 5. IVT PCV-25 is a 25-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV25) designed to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease from the serotypes predominant in children, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We completed 2 randomised, parallel-group, double-blind clinical trials in Canada to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single IM dose of PCV25 in healthy adults who had no history of pneumococcal vaccination or microbiologically confirmed IPD. PCV20 (Prevnar 20) was the control. In CVIA 096, 30 participants per group were randomised to PCV25 at a dose similar to PCV 20 (2.2 μg for each serotype polysaccharide (except 4.4 μg for serotype 6B) with 125 μg aluminium as aluminium phosphate (2.2/125)) or PCV20. Potentially more immunogenic formulations with higher polysaccharide and/or aluminium phosphate dose were evaluated in CVIA105, where 40 participants were randomised to PCV25 (2.2/125), 60 to PCV25 (2.2/250), 80 to PCV25 (4.4/250), and 40 to PCV20.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants were female and white. All participants were included in the safety analyses. One participant in CVIA 096 and 6 participants in CVIA 105 were excluded from the immunogenicity analyses because of protocol deviations that might interfere with immune response. Solicited and unsolicited AE profiles were similar for PCV25 and PCV20. No Grade 4 events were reported. At the highest dose, PCV25 elicited IgG and OPA responses with GMFRs of ≥2 for all 25 serotypes and for serotype 6A except for OPA response to 35B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple formulations of IVT PCV-25, a vaccine designed to cover pneumococcal serotypes prevalent in LMICs, were well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy adults. As adult immunogenicity is not fully predictive for infants, further development will evaluate safety and immunogenicity in the target infant population.</div><div><span><span><em>ClinicalTrials.gov</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span> <span><span><em>NCT05540028</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span><em>,</em> <span><span><em>NCT06077656</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “A systematic review of the impact of vaccine reactogenicity on willingness to accept influenza vaccination in adults” [Vaccine 74 (2026) 128195]","authors":"Helen Lister ,&nbsp;Katherine Farquharson ,&nbsp;Holly Seale ,&nbsp;Louise E. Smith ,&nbsp;Tiziano Poletti ,&nbsp;Femy Amin ,&nbsp;G. James Rubin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the delivery costs and operational context of a single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine regimen administered to a multi-age cohort of adolescent girls in Ethiopia","authors":"Mercy Mvundura ,&nbsp;Rose Slavkovsky ,&nbsp;Belayneh Dagnew ,&nbsp;Alemayehu Hunduma ,&nbsp;Melkamu Ayalew ,&nbsp;Diriba Bedada","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The World Health Organization recently endorsed an alternative single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination regimen based on high-quality evidence of its comparable efficacy and duration of protection as multiple doses. Real-world evidence is lacking on the program cost implications and operational context associated with the new regimen. Our study aimed to evaluate the delivery costs and describe the program context of delivering a single-dose HPV vaccine regimen to a multi-age cohort (MAC) of 9–14 year-old girls, using data from Ethiopia's vaccination campaign conducted in late 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional retrospective study combining operations research and micro-costing methods. We collected primary data on program activities at 82 health facilities in four selected regions and at the associated subnational and national administrative levels. Operations data were tabulated as counts and frequencies to characterize the program context. Delivery costs including financial costs (monetary outlays) and economic costs (financial plus opportunity costs) were estimated. Costing was done from the health system perspective and reported in 2024 United States dollars (US$).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Staff from 90% of health facilities in our sample conducted HPV vaccination sessions at schools and 73% conducted outreach, with an average of 910 HPV vaccine doses delivered per facility. While most health facilities and administrative offices conducted additional program activities, their intensity differed by level of the health system. On average, opportunity costs were the larger share of delivery costs (79%) at health facilities, while at administrative levels it was financial costs (at least 52%). Delivery costs aggregated across all levels of the health system were $0.66 for financial costs and $1.67 for economic costs per dose or per adolescent girl receiving the single-dose regimen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A single-dose HPV vaccination regimen administered to a MAC resulted in low delivery costs and may be a way for HPV vaccination programs to reduce costs and enhance sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary evaluation of immune responses in mice after a single mRNA immunization with Echinococcus granulosus Eg95 and Coenurus cerebralis TM16","authors":"Chun-Ni Meng ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Hui Li ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Wei-Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Hong-Bin Yan ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lin Sun ,&nbsp;Bao-Quan Fu ,&nbsp;Nian-Zhang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> and <em>Taenia multiceps</em> cause zoonotic cystic diseases. Studies have shown that Eg95 from <em>E. granulosus</em> is highly conserved, exhibits excellent immunogenicity, and serves as a critical candidate antigen. In recent years, the TM16 recombinant protein antigen has been one of the most studied antigens for preventing <em>C. cerebralis</em> and demonstrates optimal experimental immunogenicity. This study developed both recombinant protein and mRNA-LNP vaccines targeting the Eg95 and TM16 antigens. Immunization of BALB/c mice showed that both vaccines significantly increased specific antibody levels (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), inducing a predominant Th1-type immune response. The mRNA-LNP vaccine demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing IgG2a levels and CD8+ T cell responses compared to the protein vaccine. These results indicate strong immunogenicity and support further evaluation of the Eg95-TM16 mRNA-LNP vaccine in intermediate hosts like sheep and goats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination against chikungunya - a systematic review on the immunogenicity, tolerability, and safety of the live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) Ixchiq and the virus like particle (VLP) vaccine Vimkunya","authors":"Kerstin Kling ,&nbsp;Annika Falman ,&nbsp;Lisa Branke ,&nbsp;Michael Ramharter ,&nbsp;Camilla Rothe ,&nbsp;Christian Schönfeld ,&nbsp;Thomas Grünewald","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infections with the chikungunya virus are increasingly reported due to many reasons including climate change. Two vaccines against chikungunya have recently been approved in Europe, the live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) Ixchiq and the virus like particle (VLP) vaccine Vimkunya. However, no systematic review of phase 3 clinical trial data has been published that summarizes the currently available evidence on the immunogenicity, tolerability, and safety of these vaccines. Therefore, these data were systematically analyzed by a working group of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) and the German Society for Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine and Global Health (DTG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review of the immunogenicity, tolerability and safety of Ixchiq and Vimkunya using Embase and PubMed (OVID) according to predefined PICO criteria, including placebo-controlled randomized control trials, cohort, and case-control studies. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with the RoB 2-tool. Additionally, post-marketing safety data were studied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Clinical efficacy data were not available. Instead, seropositivity rates above a predefined threshold served as a surrogate of protection. Both vaccines demonstrated strong immunogenicity with seroprotection rates for Ixchiq of &gt;98% after 4 weeks, and for Vimkunya after 3 weeks of &gt;97% in 12–59-year-olds and &gt; 87% in ≥65-year-olds. In the pivotal studies, both vaccines showed also an acceptable safety profile. Post-marketing safety data showed a higher risk for serious adverse events in elderly patients for Ixchiq.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In addition to mosquito protection and vector control, two vaccines with a good efficacy profile based on the surrogate marker of seroprotection are now available to prevent chikungunya. While both vaccines showed acceptable tolerability, the safety of vaccines must be continuously assessed based on further data from post-marketing surveillance of the respective populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies, interventions, and uptake of catch-up vaccination among adolescent and adult migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review","authors":"Darlington David Faijue ,&nbsp;Oumnia Bouaddi ,&nbsp;Kathryn Mackey ,&nbsp;Anna Deal ,&nbsp;Erva Nur Cinar ,&nbsp;Beatriz Morais ,&nbsp;Sainabou Bojang ,&nbsp;Isra Al-Sharabi ,&nbsp;Holly Seale ,&nbsp;Agnes Ssali ,&nbsp;Kirsty Le Doare ,&nbsp;Sally Hargreaves","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128249","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Catch-up vaccination helps close immunity gaps among migrants, refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite immunisation life-course policies and global guidelines promoting catch-up vaccination of arriving migrants, vaccination strategies for adolescent and adult populations are poorly described. We synthesised evidence on catch-up vaccination strategies and interventions, delivery platforms, uptake and coverage, and contextual barriers and enablers in LMICs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science and grey literature sources (including websites of international and national public health organisations and agencies) for primary studies and reports on catch-up vaccination strategies and interventions, delivery platforms, uptake and coverage, and contextual barriers and enablers targeting adolescents (9–18 years) and, or adults (≥19 years) in migrants (foreign-born, including refugees) and internally displaced people (IDPs; displaced within national borders) across 136 LMICs, (from January 1st 2000 to February 1st 2025; all languages). Study quality was accessed using ROBINS-I, CASP, AACODS and, AGREE II tools.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Thirty-seven records met the inclusion criteria (13 peer-reviewed, 24 grey literature), reporting catch-up vaccination activities across 16 LMICs. Most studies were conducted in Uganda (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 6), Bangladesh (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 4), Lebanon (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 3), and Kenya (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 3). Interventions reached ≥48,000 migrants, refugees, and IDPs (primarily Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh during COVID-19 catch-up campaigns). Populations targeted included mostly refugees (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 16 studies; 43.2%), general migrants (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 14; 37.8%), and IDPs (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 5; 13.5%), with a smaller number involving mixed or other migrant groups (n = 4; 10.8%). The most frequently delivered vaccines were measles-rubella (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 12; 32.4%), COVID-19 primary-series catch-up (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 9; 24.3%), HPV (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 6; 16.2%), polio OPV/IPV (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 5; 13.5%), and Hepatitis B (n = 3; 8.1%). Catch-up vaccine delivery most commonly occurred through primary care via opportunistic offers (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 11) and mobile/outreach delivery (n = 11), with additional implementation in fixed posts in camps/settlements (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 7), supplemental immunisation activities (SIAs) (n = 6), school-linked delivery (n = 5), and hospital/outpatient opportunistic vaccination (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 4). High uptake (≥85%) was reported where access barriers were minimised (e.g., walk-in availability, extended hours) was paired with community or peer engagement and simple recall systems (SMS or e-booking). Reported barriers included documentation/entitlement checks, language barriers, and fragmented or non-interoperable vaccination records.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Migrants","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use among children in the United States","authors":"Diepreye Ayabina ,&nbsp;Charles Stoecker ,&nbsp;Bo-Hyun Cho ,&nbsp;Namrata Prasad ,&nbsp;Laura M. King ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Leidner ,&nbsp;Miwako Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In June 2023, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) as an option for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) administration for children in the United States (U.S.). To inform the deliberations of ACIP, we estimated the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of recommending PCV20 for U.S. children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a probabilistic model, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of replacing PCVs in use at the time of the analysis (13-valent PCV [PCV13] or 15-valent PCV [PCV15]), with PCV20 in a single birth cohort of 3.9 million children. Based on differences in pneumococcal vaccine recommendations, we stratified the population into three mutually exclusive risk groups: children with chronic medical conditions (CMC), children with immunocompromising conditions (IC), and children with neither CMC nor IC (general). We also compared the use of PCV20 alone to the use of PCV20 plus the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in CMC and IC children. We computed the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of PCV20 use as a net cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our base case results showed that use of PCV20 instead of PCV15 across all risk groups in one birth cohort was estimated to avert 151,460 pneumococcal disease events and 13 associated deaths. While this resulted in higher costs of $234 million dollars in the general risk group, leading to a cost per QALY of $153,715, it reduced the total costs by $1 million and $0.48 million in the CMC and IC risk groups. Compared with PCV20 alone, PCV20 plus PPSV23 cost $690,388 (IC) to $4,086,881(CMC) per QALY gained.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Use of PCV20 in the U.S. routine infant immunization program is expected to reduce the clinical burden of pneumococcal disease across all risk groups and specifically yield overall cost savings in the CMC and IC risk groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}