Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced B cells produce serotype 6B but not serotype 3 capsule-specific IgG antibodies in young Malawian adults","authors":"G. Tembo ,&nbsp;D. Hoving ,&nbsp;A.C. de Kroon ,&nbsp;L. Chimgoneko ,&nbsp;T. Nthandira ,&nbsp;B. Galafa ,&nbsp;F. Thole ,&nbsp;E. Nsomba ,&nbsp;D. Dula ,&nbsp;C. Ngoliwa ,&nbsp;N. Toto ,&nbsp;L. Makhaza ,&nbsp;A. Muyaya ,&nbsp;E. Kudowa ,&nbsp;A.E. Chirwa ,&nbsp;M.Y.R. Henrion ,&nbsp;T. Chikaonda ,&nbsp;B.C. Urban ,&nbsp;D.M. Ferreira ,&nbsp;K.C. Jambo ,&nbsp;S.B. Gordon","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction has reduced vaccine-type carriage and disease; however pneumococcal carriage persists at high rates particularly in high-transmission settings. Serotype 3 remains a particular problem in Malawi and globally, with high carriage rates, as well as strain resistance to antibiotics and antibody-mediated killing. We studied antibody and B cell responses to PCV13 in 65 healthy Malawian adults (18–40 years) taking part in a randomized controlled trial. Serum, nasal fluid, and PBMC samples were collected before and after vaccination. Anti-capsular IgG for serotypes 3 and 6B were measured by ELISA, and capsule-specific B cells were assessed by spectral flow cytometry. PCV13 increased both serum and mucosal IgG levels, and IgG⁺ B cells in blood for serotype 6B but not serotype 3. The poor immunogenicity of serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide in Malawian young adults highlights the need for alternative vaccines to address persistent serotype 3 carriage and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological responses to tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in Brazilian hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","authors":"Rolando Paternina-De La Ossa,&nbsp;Maria Carolina Oliveira,&nbsp;Jorge Alberto Achcar,&nbsp;Djúlio César Zanin- Silva,&nbsp;Thalita Cristina Mello Costa,&nbsp;Luiz Guilherme Darrigo-Junior,&nbsp;Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, morbidity and mortality are largely related to infectious diseases, many of which are vaccine-preventable. The present study aimed to assess the immune response of HSCT patients to the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis inactivated vaccine (Tdap).</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>This quasi-experimental study, with individually matched data collection in HSCT patients from January 2018 to December 2020, evaluated sixteen patients for their immune response to each of the Tdap components. The immunization schedule included three doses of Tdap, with a minimum interval of 30 days between each dose, starting at 6 months post-transplantation. Immune competence was measured before vaccination by quantifying CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ frequencies, as well as serum immunoglobulin levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After the complete immunization schedule, for diphtheria, we observed a Geometric Mean Concentration (GMC) rise from 0.2509 IU/mL at baseline to 0.7544 IU/mL post-vaccination, <em>p</em> = 0.001. For tetanus, GMC increased from 0.353 to 1.153 IU/mL, p = 0.001. For pertussis, GMC was 31.9 IU/mL before and 99.3 IU/mL after vaccination. Due to the non-normal distribution of pertussis data and a marginal frequentist result (<em>p</em> = 0.077), we used Bayesian analysis assuming an exponential distribution. This model identified a significant increase in antibody levels, with a posterior mean difference (θ) of 58.55 IU/mL and a 95% Credibility Interval (23.9–109.0) that excluded zero, confirming an adequate vaccine response.</div><div>For the entire Tdap vaccination period, CD4+ cell frequencies remained low, while CD8+, CD19+, and immunoglobulin titers remained within normal range. Immune responses to each of the Tdap vaccine components were not affected (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) by any of the clinical, demographic, or immunological variables assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The overall Tdap vaccine post-transplant response was considered adequate for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. These findings highlight the immune response to Tdap in transplanted patients and may inform future vaccination guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination policies, practices, and procedures in level-III neonatal intensive care units across Canada: An environmental scan","authors":"Cassandra Barber ,&nbsp;Mikayla Barber ,&nbsp;Janet S.W. Lee ,&nbsp;Joseph Ting ,&nbsp;Shannon E. MacDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Infant prematurity, low birth weight, and critical illness often require neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Although beneficial, hospitalization may interrupt the usual processes through which infants receive vaccines in the community. To mitigate potential disruptions to scheduled vaccinations, an infant's NICU stay may be an opportunity for timely vaccine delivery. The frequency and nature of these practices are known to vary across Canada. This study aimed to determine what vaccination policies, practices, and procedures exist in Canadian Level-III NICUs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A pan-Canadian environmental scan was conducted from May to October 2023 to identify vaccine policies, practices, and procedures from Level-III NICUs. Data collection included an internet search and email consultation with NICU professionals (i.e., nurses, physicians, etc.). Information was synthesized to identify the commonalities and differences between vaccination practices across Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-one (out of 32 contacted) Level-III NICUs responded, with all respondents (21/21) confirming that their NICU provided selected routine vaccinations and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis to admitted infants. NICU nurses (21/21) were the main vaccine provider, with hospitals in one province augmenting delivery with public health nurses (3/21). Only 8/21 NICUs reported delivering rotavirus vaccines prior to discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Across Canada, all surveyed Level-III NICUs reported delivering some routine vaccinations, indicating an effort to optimize vaccine uptake during hospitalization. There were variations in the specific vaccines (e.g. rotavirus vaccines) provided. Understanding where and why these variations exist is crucial for informing and enhancing evidence-informed NICU vaccination programs nationwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to COVID-19 vaccine initiation: The roles of medical mistrust, conspiracy beliefs, hesitancy, and confidence among black young adults","authors":"Ibrahim Yigit ,&nbsp;Marie C.D. Stoner ,&nbsp;Kathryn E. Muessig ,&nbsp;Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman ,&nbsp;Henna Budhwani","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medical mistrust, stemming from historical and contemporary inequalities in healthcare, poses a major barrier to vaccination, particularly among Black communities in the southern U.S. While medical mistrust is known to influence vaccine uptake, the underlying psychological mechanisms, such as conspiracy beliefs and attitudinal factors like vaccine hesitancy and confidence, are not well understood. This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from the Tough Talks-COVID randomized controlled trial (<em>N</em> = 360), conducted among Black young adults (ages 18–29) in Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina between March and June 2023, who had not completed the primary COVID-19 vaccine series at screening. Participants completed validated measures of medical mistrust, vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, vaccine confidence, and COVID-19 vaccine initiation (ever receipt of ≥1 dose at baseline). Serial mediation models specifying a theoretically informed ordering (medical mistrust, vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy or vaccine confidence, and COVID-19 vaccine initiation) were tested adjusting for age, sex, and state. Medical mistrust was significantly associated with lower odds of COVID-19 vaccine initiation (B = -0.63, AOR = 0.53, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Serial mediation analyses revealed two significant indirect associations: (1) Greater medical mistrust was associated with stronger endorsement of vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs, which were linked to increased vaccine hesitancy, resulting in lower vaccine initiation (B = -0.26, CI[−0.463, −0.127]); and (2) Greater medical mistrust was associated with stronger vaccine-related conspiracy beliefs, which were associated with reduced vaccine confidence; higher vaccine confidence was associated with higher vaccine initiation, yielding an overall negative indirect association (B = −0.35, CI[−0.591, −0.191]). Findings highlight critical psychological mechanisms through which medical mistrust may undermine COVID-19 vaccine initiation in under-vaccinated Black young adults. Addressing mistrust and countering conspiracy beliefs while strengthening vaccine confidence may support vaccine initiation efforts in Black communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-associated hospitalisation in paediatric patients in Hong Kong during two successive SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves dominated by the Omicron variant: A test-negative design study","authors":"George N. Okoli ,&nbsp;Mike Y.W. Kwan ,&nbsp;Eunice L.Y. Chan ,&nbsp;Caitriona Murphy ,&nbsp;Joshua S.C. Wong ,&nbsp;Huiying Chua ,&nbsp;Malik Peiris ,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Cowling ,&nbsp;So-Lun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We assessed the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalisation in paediatric patients in Hong Kong.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a test-negative design study in hospitalised children 1–17 years old admitted with recent-onset (≤5 days) acute respiratory illness in two large public hospitals in Hong Kong during successive SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves between April 2022 and February 2024 dominated by the Omicron variant. We defined having been vaccinated as receipt of ≥1 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose within six months prior to hospitalisation, and for a sensitivity analysis, within twelve months of hospitalisation. Children who had only received one dose of vaccine and had no prior infection were excluded. We estimated VE against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection separately for 1–4-year-olds and 5–17-year-olds, by conditional logistic regression stratified by calendar time (week) and adjusted for potential confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 6308 patients. The proportion of the vaccinated within six months of hospitalisation differed significantly between cases and controls in all strata of the assessed individual sociodemographic/health-related characteristics in the 5–17-year-olds, and in 1–4-year-olds who had a chronic medical condition. Overall, VE was moderate for 1–4-year-olds [41% (23–56%)] and for 5–17-year-olds [54% (10–66%)]. VE was higher in those who had received a mRNA vaccine: 87% (0–98%) and 82% (59–92%) compared with a lower VE for those who had received an inactivated vaccine: 39% (17–54%) and 30% (−19–58%), respectively for 1–4-year-olds and 5–17-year-olds although with a higher degree of imprecision in the VE for mRNA in 1–4-year-olds. In both age groups, VE was higher for those who had had no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with for those who had had a previous infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines, provided substantial protection against paediatric COVID-19-associated hospitalisations in Hong Kong during two successive SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves dominated by the Omicron variant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven identification of serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine candidates using samples from human infection challenge studies","authors":"Katerina S. Cheliotis ,&nbsp;Patricia Gonzalez-Dias ,&nbsp;Esther L. German ,&nbsp;André N.A. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Elena Mitsi ,&nbsp;Elissavet Nikolaou ,&nbsp;Sherin Pojar ,&nbsp;Eliane N. Miyaji ,&nbsp;Rafaella Tostes ,&nbsp;Jesús Reiné ,&nbsp;Andrea M. Collins ,&nbsp;Helder I. Nakaya ,&nbsp;Stephen B. Gordon ,&nbsp;Ying-Jie Lu ,&nbsp;Shaun H. Pennington ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Pollard ,&nbsp;Richard Malley ,&nbsp;Simon P. Jochems ,&nbsp;Britta Urban ,&nbsp;Carla Solórzano ,&nbsp;Daniela M. Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying conserved, immunogenic proteins that confer protection against <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (<em>pneumococcus</em>) colonization could enable development of serotype-independent vaccines.</div><div>In our controlled human infection model, no individual IgG or cytokine/chemokine response correlated significantly with protection against colonization with pneumococcus, suggesting that effective immunity reflects a coordinated, multi-antigen response. To capture these complex patterns, we trained independent Random Forest models on humoral and cellular datasets. The humoral model identified IgG responses to PdB, SP1069, and SP0899 as predictive of protection. The cellular model revealed that MCP-1 responses to SP1069 and SP0899, and IL-17A production in response to SP0648-3, were associated with protection. Elevated baseline IFN-γ, RANTES, and anti-protein IgG levels were linked to reduced colonization density.</div><div>We highlight SP1069 and SP0899 as potential serotype-independent vaccine candidates and demonstrate the utility of machine learning to identify immune correlates of protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mejbah Uddin Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;Gustavo Hernandez-Suarez ,&nbsp;Tamara Pilishvili ,&nbsp;Ben Mayer ,&nbsp;Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This systematic literature review (SLR) evaluated the incidence and bacterial etiology of acute otitis media (AOM) in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Epidemiological studies in English reporting on AOM incidence (published 2008–2023) or the distribution of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (Spn) including serotypes, <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> (Hi), and <em>Moraxella catarrhalis</em> (Mcat) in children (&lt;18 years) with AOM (published 2010–2023) were identified from Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Random-effect models were used to determine the pooled AOM incidence rates (IR), pooled prevalence of each bacterium and individual serotypes/strains, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. When feasible, the estimates were stratified by age group, geographical location, and pneumococcal vaccination status. Heterogeneity was assessed by the <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The SLR identified 37 publications reporting on AOM incidence, of which 25 were included in the meta-analysis, and 34 publications reporting on prevalence of bacterial pathogens in middle ear fluid. AOM IRs (per 100 person-years) were 18.77 in ≤2-year-olds, 10.39 in &gt;2 to ≤5-year-olds, and &lt;3 in children aged &gt;5 years. In ≤2-year-olds, AOM IR was 16.07 among those who received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and 34.26 among those who did not. Among ≤2-year-olds, Hi contributed to 31.81% of AOM cases, followed by 19.35% for Spn, and 3.00% for Mcat. Across all ages, frequently reported Spn serotypes among Spn-AOM cases were 3 (10.81%), 19F (10.65%), 19A (10.43%), 23A (4.60%), 35B (4.38%), and 21 (3.23%) whereas 78.2% of Hi-AOM cases were caused by non-typeable Hi (NTHi).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>A substantial AOM burden in children remains during the PCV era, with disproportionately higher incidence among children ≤2 years old. Select PCV- and non-PCV pneumococcal serotypes and NTHi have contributed significantly to the AOM burden. Vaccines offering improved protection against remaining PCV serotypes, emerging pneumococcal serotypes, and NTHi are needed to reduce the existing AOM burden in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary safety evaluation of a diphtheria, tetanus, acellular component pertussis, Sabin inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine (DTacP-sIPV/Hib)","authors":"Lukui Cai ,&nbsp;Yixian Fu ,&nbsp;Jingyan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Qin Gu ,&nbsp;Qiuyan Ji ,&nbsp;Guoyang Liao ,&nbsp;Shengjie Ouyang ,&nbsp;Hongbo Chen ,&nbsp;Lujie Yang ,&nbsp;Mingqing Wang ,&nbsp;Wenzhu Hu ,&nbsp;Hongwei Liao ,&nbsp;Guang Ji ,&nbsp;Jiana Wen ,&nbsp;Na Gao ,&nbsp;Lin Ping ,&nbsp;Yuting Fu ,&nbsp;Han Chu ,&nbsp;Jingsi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The DTacP-sIPV/Hib combination vaccine is designed to replace the separate administration of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, poliomyelitis, and <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> type b vaccines. By incorporating Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus, DTacP-sIPV/Hib offers advantages in biosafety and manufacturing cost. This study provides a preliminary evaluation of the preclinical safety of a novel DTacP-sIPV/Hib combination vaccine in three animal models.</div><div>Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive either DTacP-sIPV/Hib or saline by intramuscular injection and were monitored for 14 days for local reactions, body weight, and food intake, followed by necropsy and histopathological examination. Guinea pigs were allocated to negative control, positive control or vaccine groups and sensitized by three intramuscular injections on alternate days; animals were subsequently challenged and observed for allergic reactions. Japanese white rabbits were used in a bilateral self-controlled design, receiving vaccine in one quadriceps and saline in the contralateral side, with macroscopic and histopathological evaluation at 48 h and 16 days post-injection.</div><div>The candidate DTacP-sIPV/Hib vaccine induced only mild, transient, and reversible local reactions in SD rats and rabbits, indicating acceptable local tolerability under the conditions tested. No detectable effects on body weight or food intake were observed in rats, and no allergic reactions were induced in guinea pigs, suggesting no apparent systemic safety signals in these models. Overall, these findings provide supportive nonclinical safety evidence for the candidate DTacP-sIPV/Hib vaccine and may inform the design and risk assessment of subsequent clinical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel hypothetical protein (SAUSA300_1684) confers excellent protection against multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the murine model","authors":"Pranaya M. Mishra ,&nbsp;Suman Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Ravi S. Manhas ,&nbsp;Sakshi R. Lokwani ,&nbsp;Diksha Sharma ,&nbsp;Dipak Dutta ,&nbsp;Manoj K. Baranwal ,&nbsp;Ravi P.N. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, including sepsis, bacteraemia, pneumonia, and endocarditis, and continues to pose a major public health challenge due to escalating multidrug resistance and the absence of an effective vaccine. To address this unmet clinical need, we employed a machine learning–guided reverse vaccinology approach to systematically interrogate the <em>S. aureus</em> proteome for novel vaccine antigens. This strategy led to the identification of eight previously uncharacterized hypothetical proteins with predicted immunogenic properties. Among these, SAUSA300_1684 protein (designated IMTS8) was prioritized for detailed translational evaluation. IMTS8 was found to be highly conserved across major clinical <em>S. aureus</em> lineages and expressed throughout growth phases of the methicillin-resistant strain USA300-FPR3757. Analysis of the surface-shaved proteome revealed that IMTS8 is likely exposed on the bacterial surface, a finding further substantiated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunization of mice with recombinant adjuvanted IMTS8 elicited strong antigen-specific IgG responses and conferred near-complete protection in a murine staphylococcal infection model. Collectively, these findings identify IMTS8 as a promising protein subunit vaccine candidate for the prevention of multidrug-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infections. In addition, this study highlights the translational utility of machine learning–based reverse vaccinology as an effective platform for accelerating antigen discovery against antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term immunogenicity of alternative HPV vaccine schedules and the effect of an additional dose given three to five years post-primary vaccination","authors":"Chantal Sauvageau ,&nbsp;Iulia G. Ionescu ,&nbsp;Manale Ouakki ,&nbsp;Gitika Panicker ,&nbsp;Vladimir Gilca ,&nbsp;Elizabeth R. Unger ,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Mayrand","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We assessed antibody persistence and the impact of an additional dose administered 42–60 months after initial vaccination. Girls initially vaccinated at ages 9–10 with two doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine participated in two randomized trials: The 0-6-42HPV study which compared a quadrivalent and bivalent additional dose given at 42 months; The 0-6-60ICI-VPH study compared no additional dose to a quadrivalent dose at 60 months. HPV16/18 antibody detection and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were assessed (M9ELISA). Overall, 526 girls provided a blood sample. All had detectable HPV16/18 antibodies 10 years post-initial vaccination. An additional dose at 42 versus 60 months led to similar GMCs, both with higher immune responses compared to 2-dose group participants. Compared to the quadrivalent, the bivalent induced significantly higher HPV18 GMCs, which has unknown clinical significance. Two-dose schedule and delayed quadrivalent or bivalent additional doses are highly immunogenic, supporting long-term immunogenicity of alternative and mixed vaccination schedules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146128080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}