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Corrigendum to “Longitudinal monitoring of cellular immunity by the ex vivo activation of genes in leukocytes (EAGL) assay highlights potential markers of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against breakthrough symptoms” [Vaccine 68 (2025) 127942] “通过白细胞中基因的体外激活纵向监测细胞免疫(EAGL)试验突出了mRNA - COVID-19疫苗对突破性症状有效性的潜在标记物”[疫苗68(2025)127942]的勘误表
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128267
Taro Saito , Arnaud Couzinet , Toshihiro Suzuki , Manami Shimomura , Akihide Ryo , Kei Miyakawa , Yuki Katayama , Tetsuya Nakatsura
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引用次数: 0
Incidence and bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis 肺炎球菌结合疫苗时代儿童急性中耳炎的发病率和细菌病因学:系统文献综述和荟萃分析
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128270
Mejbah Uddin Bhuiyan , Gustavo Hernandez-Suarez , Tamara Pilishvili , Ben Mayer , Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian

Background

This systematic literature review (SLR) evaluated the incidence and bacterial etiology of acute otitis media (AOM) in children.

Methods

Epidemiological studies in English reporting on AOM incidence (published 2008–2023) or the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) including serotypes, Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) in children (<18 years) with AOM (published 2010–2023) were identified from Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Random-effect models were used to determine the pooled AOM incidence rates (IR), pooled prevalence of each bacterium and individual serotypes/strains, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. When feasible, the estimates were stratified by age group, geographical location, and pneumococcal vaccination status. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic.

Findings

The SLR identified 37 publications reporting on AOM incidence, of which 25 were included in the meta-analysis, and 34 publications reporting on prevalence of bacterial pathogens in middle ear fluid. AOM IRs (per 100 person-years) were 18.77 in ≤2-year-olds, 10.39 in >2 to ≤5-year-olds, and <3 in children aged >5 years. In ≤2-year-olds, AOM IR was 16.07 among those who received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and 34.26 among those who did not. Among ≤2-year-olds, Hi contributed to 31.81% of AOM cases, followed by 19.35% for Spn, and 3.00% for Mcat. Across all ages, frequently reported Spn serotypes among Spn-AOM cases were 3 (10.81%), 19F (10.65%), 19A (10.43%), 23A (4.60%), 35B (4.38%), and 21 (3.23%) whereas 78.2% of Hi-AOM cases were caused by non-typeable Hi (NTHi).

Interpretation

A substantial AOM burden in children remains during the PCV era, with disproportionately higher incidence among children ≤2 years old. Select PCV- and non-PCV pneumococcal serotypes and NTHi have contributed significantly to the AOM burden. Vaccines offering improved protection against remaining PCV serotypes, emerging pneumococcal serotypes, and NTHi are needed to reduce the existing AOM burden in children.
本系统文献综述(SLR)评估了儿童急性中耳炎(AOM)的发病率和细菌病因。方法从Embase、MEDLINE、LILACS和SciELO数据库中选取2008-2023年发表的AOM发病率英文报告或2010-2023年发表的AOM患儿(18岁)肺炎链球菌(Spn)、流感嗜血杆菌(Hi)和卡他莫拉菌(Mcat)分布的流行病学研究。采用随机效应模型确定AOM的合并发病率(IR)、每种细菌和单个血清型/菌株的合并患病率以及相应的95%置信区间。在可行的情况下,根据年龄组、地理位置和肺炎球菌疫苗接种状况对估计进行分层。采用I2统计量评估异质性。研究结果:SLR确定了37篇报道AOM发病率的出版物,其中25篇被纳入荟萃分析,34篇报道中耳液中细菌病原体患病率的出版物。≤2岁儿童AOM ir(每100人年)为18.77,2 ~≤5岁儿童为10.39,5岁儿童为3。在≤2岁的儿童中,接种肺炎球菌结合疫苗(PCV)的AOM IR为16.07,未接种肺炎球菌结合疫苗的AOM IR为34.26。在≤2岁儿童中,Hi占AOM病例的31.81%,其次是Spn的19.35%,Mcat的3.00%。在所有年龄段中,Spn- aom病例中常见的Spn血清型为3(10.81%)、19F(10.65%)、19A(10.43%)、23A(4.60%)、35B(4.38%)和21(3.23%),而Hi- aom病例中78.2%是由无法分型的Hi (NTHi)引起的。在PCV时代,儿童的AOM负担仍然很大,≤2岁儿童的发病率不成比例地高。选择PCV和非PCV肺炎球菌血清型和NTHi对AOM负担有重大贡献。为减少儿童现有的AOM负担,需要能够更好地预防剩余PCV血清型、新出现的肺炎球菌血清型和NTHi的疫苗。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary safety evaluation of a diphtheria, tetanus, acellular component pertussis, Sabin inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine (DTacP-sIPV/Hib) 白喉、破伤风、百日咳、沙宾灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒和b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTacP-sIPV/Hib)的初步安全性评价
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128277
Lukui Cai , Yixian Fu , Jingyan Li , Xiaoyu Wang , Yan Ma , Qin Gu , Qiuyan Ji , Guoyang Liao , Shengjie Ouyang , Hongbo Chen , Lujie Yang , Mingqing Wang , Wenzhu Hu , Hongwei Liao , Guang Ji , Jiana Wen , Na Gao , Lin Ping , Yuting Fu , Han Chu , Jingsi Yang
The DTacP-sIPV/Hib combination vaccine is designed to replace the separate administration of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. By incorporating Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus, DTacP-sIPV/Hib offers advantages in biosafety and manufacturing cost. This study provides a preliminary evaluation of the preclinical safety of a novel DTacP-sIPV/Hib combination vaccine in three animal models.
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive either DTacP-sIPV/Hib or saline by intramuscular injection and were monitored for 14 days for local reactions, body weight, and food intake, followed by necropsy and histopathological examination. Guinea pigs were allocated to negative control, positive control or vaccine groups and sensitized by three intramuscular injections on alternate days; animals were subsequently challenged and observed for allergic reactions. Japanese white rabbits were used in a bilateral self-controlled design, receiving vaccine in one quadriceps and saline in the contralateral side, with macroscopic and histopathological evaluation at 48 h and 16 days post-injection.
The candidate DTacP-sIPV/Hib vaccine induced only mild, transient, and reversible local reactions in SD rats and rabbits, indicating acceptable local tolerability under the conditions tested. No detectable effects on body weight or food intake were observed in rats, and no allergic reactions were induced in guinea pigs, suggesting no apparent systemic safety signals in these models. Overall, these findings provide supportive nonclinical safety evidence for the candidate DTacP-sIPV/Hib vaccine and may inform the design and risk assessment of subsequent clinical studies.
DTacP-sIPV/Hib联合疫苗旨在取代白喉、破伤风、无细胞百日咳、脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗的单独接种。通过整合Sabin株灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒,DTacP-sIPV/Hib在生物安全性和制造成本方面具有优势。本研究在三种动物模型中对新型DTacP-sIPV/Hib联合疫苗的临床前安全性进行了初步评价。将Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分配给注射DTacP-sIPV/Hib或肌肉注射生理盐水,监测14天的局部反应、体重和食物摄入量,然后进行尸检和组织病理学检查。将豚鼠分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组和疫苗组,隔日进行3次肌肉注射致敏;随后对动物进行刺激并观察过敏反应。采用双侧自我对照设计,日本大白兔单侧股四头肌注射疫苗,对侧注射生理盐水,分别于注射后48 h和16 d进行宏观和组织病理学评价。DTacP-sIPV/Hib候选疫苗仅在SD大鼠和家兔中引起轻度、短暂和可逆的局部反应,表明在测试条件下可接受的局部耐受性。在大鼠中未观察到对体重或食物摄入的可检测到的影响,在豚鼠中未引起过敏反应,表明这些模型中没有明显的系统性安全信号。总的来说,这些发现为候选DTacP-sIPV/Hib疫苗提供了支持性的非临床安全性证据,并可能为后续临床研究的设计和风险评估提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Single-dose mSEB–mi3 nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust humoral immunity and protects mice against SEB intoxication and MRSA infection 单剂量mSEB-mi3纳米颗粒疫苗可引起强大的体液免疫,保护小鼠免受SEB中毒和MRSA感染
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128245
Ziyi Liao , Meilin Wu , Yuan Chen , Zifan Zhu , Yuhang Li , Qijun Mei , Bo Huang , Xin Cheng , Yi Zhang , Hao Zeng , Daiyuan Ma , Jiang Gu
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) causes severe hospital-and community-acquired infections, yet no vaccine is licensed. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a conserved virulence factor and a key target for vaccine development. However, SEB protein subunit vaccines often suffer from limited immunogenicity. Self-assembling mi3 nanoparticles provide an efficient antigen display platform and could overcome subunit limitations. We engineered a nanoparticle vaccine by displaying detoxified mutant SEB (L45R, Y89A, Y94A) on mi3 scaffold (mSEB-mi3). Biophysical characterization confirmed stable, uniform particles with efficient antigen conjugation. We compared adjuvants (ALPO4, CpG ODN1018, AS01, MF59) in mice, assessing dendritic cell (DC) uptake/maturation, humoral responses, and protection against in SEB intoxication and methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) ST59 infection models, alongside safety evaluations. We successfully produced a uniform and stable mSEB-mi3 nanoparticle. The mSEB-mi3 markedly improves dendritic-cell uptake and maturation and drives rapid, high, and durable antibody responses with balanced IgG1/IgG2a isotypes. Functionally, a single intramuscular dose confers strong protection against both SEB intoxication and SA ST59 challenge. In addition, safety profiles were acceptable across hematology, chemistry, cytotoxicity, and histopathology. These results identify mSEB-mi3 as a promising and scalable nanoparticle vaccine against SA and SEB toxin. The findings support further studies of durability, strain breadth, and translational development.
金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)引起严重的医院和社区获得性感染,但没有疫苗获得许可。葡萄球菌肠毒素B (SEB)是一种保守的毒力因子,是疫苗开发的关键靶点。然而,SEB蛋白亚单位疫苗的免疫原性往往有限。自组装纳米粒子mi3提供了一个有效的抗原展示平台,可以克服亚基限制。我们通过在mi3支架(mSEB-mi3)上展示脱毒突变体SEB (L45R, Y89A, Y94A)来设计纳米颗粒疫苗。生物物理特性证实稳定、均匀的颗粒具有有效的抗原偶联。我们比较了佐剂(ALPO4, CpG ODN1018, AS01, MF59)在小鼠中的作用,评估了树突状细胞(DC)摄取/成熟,体液反应,以及对SEB中毒和耐甲氧西林SA (MRSA) ST59感染模型的保护作用,以及安全性评估。我们成功制备了均匀稳定的mSEB-mi3纳米颗粒。mSEB-mi3显著改善树突状细胞的摄取和成熟,并驱动具有平衡的IgG1/IgG2a同型的快速、高和持久的抗体反应。从功能上讲,单次肌内注射对SEB中毒和SA ST59攻击具有很强的保护作用。此外,安全性在血液学、化学、细胞毒性和组织病理学中均可接受。这些结果确定mSEB-mi3是一种有前途的、可扩展的抗SA和SEB毒素的纳米颗粒疫苗。这些发现支持了耐久性、应变宽度和转化发展的进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Development and efficacy test of a live, attenuated Mycoplasma hyorhinis vaccine candidate strain 猪支原体减毒活疫苗候选株的研制及效力试验
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128278
Eszter Zsófia Nagy , Levente Szeredi , Dorottya Földi , Nikolett Belecz , Áron Botond Kovács , Kinga Mária Sulyok , Dénes Grózner , Enikő Wehmann , Krisztián Bányai , Szilvia Marton , Miklós Tenk , Zsuzsa Kreizinger , Miklós Gyuranecz

Background

Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis causes substantial economic losses in swine. Currently, prevention and treatment rely on minimizing risk factors and administering antibiotics, as no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. However, antibiotics often cannot fully eliminate the bacteria. The development of an effective vaccine could lead to a potentially long-term control method.

Materials and methods

A temperature-sensitive M. hyorhinis strain was developed using 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis. The immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine candidate clone were evaluated in combination with an adjuvant. Three-week-old piglets were immunized with the candidate vaccine strain, and the vaccination site was monitored daily. At six weeks of age, the pigs were challenged intravenously on two subsequent days. Daily clinical examinations were conducted, with blood and nasal swabs collected weekly throughout the study for M. hyorhinis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time PCR analysis, and isolation. Three weeks post-challenge, the animals were euthanized for gross and histopathological examinations. Body temperature was recorded daily, and body weight was measured upon arrival, and then at six and nine weeks of age.

Results

Vaccination significantly reduced clinical signs (p = 0.03), as well as gross pathological (p = 0.01) and histopathological (p = 0.005) lesions compared with the positive control group. The vaccinated group exhibited an earlier and higher increase in M. hyorhinis-specific IgG antibody levels post-challenge than the positive control group. However, the vaccine candidate did not mitigate the impact of M. hyorhinis infection on the weight gain. After the challenge (days 21–42), both the vaccinated (p = 0.001) and the positive control (p = 0.003) groups exhibited reduced weight gain compared with the negative control group.

Discussion

Overall, the attenuated M. hyorhinis strain, combined with the adjuvant, provided protection against M. hyorhinis infection. These results form a basis for the development of a novel vaccine candidate that offers effective prevention.
猪支原体(支原体)对猪造成了巨大的经济损失。目前,预防和治疗依赖于尽量减少风险因素和使用抗生素,因为欧洲没有商业化的疫苗。然而,抗生素往往不能完全消除细菌。有效疫苗的开发可能导致潜在的长期控制方法。材料与方法利用1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变技术,培养了一株温度敏感的嗜疫分枝杆菌。该疫苗候选克隆与一种佐剂联合使用,评价了其免疫原性和效力。采用候选疫苗株对3周龄仔猪进行免疫,每日监测接种部位。在6周龄时,猪在随后的两天内静脉注射。每天进行临床检查,在整个研究过程中每周采集血液和鼻拭子进行鼻咽支原体酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、实时PCR分析和分离。三周后,对动物实施安乐死,进行大体和组织病理学检查。每天记录体温,出生时测量体重,然后在6和9周龄时测量体重。结果与阳性对照组相比,接种疫苗显著减少了临床症状(p = 0.03),显著减少了大体病理(p = 0.01)和组织病理(p = 0.005)病变。与阳性对照组相比,接种疫苗组在攻毒后表现出更早和更高的缩喉支原体特异性IgG抗体水平升高。然而,候选疫苗并没有减轻猪链球菌感染对体重增加的影响。攻毒后(第21-42天),与阴性对照组相比,接种疫苗组(p = 0.001)和阳性对照组(p = 0.003)的体重增加都有所减少。总之,减毒后的猪支原体与佐剂结合,对猪支原体感染提供了保护。这些结果为开发一种新型候选疫苗提供了有效预防的基础。
{"title":"Development and efficacy test of a live, attenuated Mycoplasma hyorhinis vaccine candidate strain","authors":"Eszter Zsófia Nagy ,&nbsp;Levente Szeredi ,&nbsp;Dorottya Földi ,&nbsp;Nikolett Belecz ,&nbsp;Áron Botond Kovács ,&nbsp;Kinga Mária Sulyok ,&nbsp;Dénes Grózner ,&nbsp;Enikő Wehmann ,&nbsp;Krisztián Bányai ,&nbsp;Szilvia Marton ,&nbsp;Miklós Tenk ,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Kreizinger ,&nbsp;Miklós Gyuranecz","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Mycoplasma</em> (<em>M</em>.) <em>hyorhinis</em> causes substantial economic losses in swine. Currently, prevention and treatment rely on minimizing risk factors and administering antibiotics, as no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. However, antibiotics often cannot fully eliminate the bacteria. The development of an effective vaccine could lead to a potentially long-term control method.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A temperature-sensitive <em>M. hyorhinis</em> strain was developed using 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis. The immunogenicity and efficacy of this vaccine candidate clone were evaluated in combination with an adjuvant. Three-week-old piglets were immunized with the candidate vaccine strain, and the vaccination site was monitored daily. At six weeks of age, the pigs were challenged intravenously on two subsequent days. Daily clinical examinations were conducted, with blood and nasal swabs collected weekly throughout the study for <em>M. hyorhinis</em> enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time PCR analysis, and isolation. Three weeks post-challenge, the animals were euthanized for gross and histopathological examinations. Body temperature was recorded daily, and body weight was measured upon arrival, and then at six and nine weeks of age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vaccination significantly reduced clinical signs (<em>p</em> = 0.03), as well as gross pathological (<em>p</em> = 0.01) and histopathological (<em>p</em> = 0.005) lesions compared with the positive control group. The vaccinated group exhibited an earlier and higher increase in <em>M. hyorhinis</em>-specific IgG antibody levels post-challenge than the positive control group. However, the vaccine candidate did not mitigate the impact of <em>M. hyorhinis</em> infection on the weight gain. After the challenge (days 21–42), both the vaccinated (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and the positive control (<em>p</em> = 0.003) groups exhibited reduced weight gain compared with the negative control group.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Overall, the attenuated <em>M. hyorhinis</em> strain, combined with the adjuvant, provided protection against <em>M. hyorhinis</em> infection. These results form a basis for the development of a novel vaccine candidate that offers effective prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 128278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunological response of using emulsifying elongation factor 1 alpha of Plasmodium falciparum-based vaccines in complete Freund's adjuvant 在完全弗氏佐剂中使用恶性疟原虫基础疫苗乳化延伸因子1 α的免疫应答
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128279
Hyelee Hong , Tae-Hui Eom , Eun Lee , Eunho Lee , Hyun-Young Lee , Solchan Won , Dong-Sup Lee , Mi-il Kim , Hyun Park , Seon-Ju Yeo
Most studies of malarial vaccines focused on increasing immunity against target molecules on the surface of Plasmodium spp. parasites. While the surface antigens are variable among all Plasmodium spp., intracellular antigens are highly conserved, and thus, intracellular targets must be studied as vaccine candidates. However, there is a scarcity of intracellular vaccine candidates in Plasmodium parasites. In this study, immune responses induced by complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) emulsified with an elongation factor-1 alpha of P. falciparum (PfEF-1α) was analyzed as a Plasmodium spp. conserved vaccine candidate. In vivo vaccine efficacy, antibody production, and ex vivo T-cell cytokine assays were analyzed to validate the potential of PfEF-1α at CFA-based formulation in a rodent model. Immunoinformatics was employed to predict potential vaccine epitope candidates, and a novel peptide candidate was validated by ex vivo T-cell study. The survival rate of the rPfEF-1α plus CFA-immunized group was increased by 50% and among the survived mice, half proportion of mice was not patent at all while all BSA plus CFA showed the patency. Upon co-culturing of T cells with dendritic cells, PfEF-1α-specific ex vivo T-cell assay revealed CD4+IFN-γ+ secretion as the dominant immune response, followed by CD8+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-4+ subsets. Immunization with rPfEF-1-α plus CFA elicited robust humoral immunity, demonstrating a 16-fold higher antigen-specific IgG endpoint titer compared to the BSA plus CFA-immunized group. IgG1 and IgG2c titers in rPfEF-1α plus CFA-immunized mice were highly elevated over BSA plus CFA-immunized group. Furthermore, the PfEF-1α epitope (410-FAIRDMRQTI-419), identified through in silico prediction and validated, induced IFN-γ secretion in ex vivo C57BL/6 T-cell study. These results demonstrate PfEF-1α's capacity to drive protective T-cell responses and antibody production with CFA adjuvant. Our findings suggest the use of intracellular antigen for development of malaria vaccine targets.
大多数疟疾疫苗的研究都集中在增强对疟原虫表面靶分子的免疫力上。虽然表面抗原在所有疟原虫中都是可变的,但细胞内抗原是高度保守的,因此必须研究细胞内靶点作为候选疫苗。然而,疟原虫的细胞内候选疫苗缺乏。本研究分析了恶性疟原虫延伸因子-1α (PfEF-1α)乳化的完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)作为疟原虫保守候选疫苗诱导的免疫应答。我们分析了体内疫苗效力、抗体产生和体外t细胞细胞因子测定,以验证PfEF-1α在啮齿动物模型中以cfa为基础配方的潜力。利用免疫信息学预测潜在的疫苗候选表位,并通过体外t细胞研究验证了一种新的候选肽。rPfEF-1α + CFA免疫组的存活率提高了50%,存活小鼠中有一半的小鼠完全不通畅,而BSA + CFA免疫组的小鼠全部通畅。在T细胞与树突状细胞共培养后,pfef -1α特异性体外T细胞检测显示CD4+IFN-γ+分泌是主要的免疫反应,其次是CD8+IFN-γ+和CD4+IL-4+亚群。与BSA + CFA免疫组相比,rPfEF-1-α + CFA免疫组可引起强大的体液免疫,显示抗原特异性IgG终点滴度高16倍。rfef -1α + cfa免疫小鼠IgG1和IgG2c滴度较BSA + cfa免疫组显著升高。此外,通过计算机预测鉴定并验证的PfEF-1α表位(410-FAIRDMRQTI-419)在体外C57BL/6 t细胞研究中诱导IFN-γ分泌。这些结果表明PfEF-1α具有驱动保护性t细胞反应和CFA佐剂抗体产生的能力。我们的发现提示使用细胞内抗原开发疟疾疫苗靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond the shot: A framework of individual and external influences on U.S. young adults' COVID-19 vaccination decisions derived from thematic analysis 注射之外:基于主题分析的美国年轻人COVID-19疫苗接种决策的个人和外部影响框架
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128283
Hyeouk Chris Hahm , Michael Tang , Logan Lupaczyk , Jinwon Lee , Yahni Lapa , Joyce Lam , Uyen-Sa D.T. Nguyen , Yvette C. Cozier
Understanding vaccine decision-making among young adults is critical for shaping effective public health responses during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study investigates two key questions: (1) What are the reasons young adults choose to be vaccinated or remain unvaccinated against COVID-19? (2) What distinct attitudinal groups emerge based on these reasons? This cross-sectional online study assessed 1863 unique open-ended free-text responses provided by 1863 U.S. young adults between February 14 and June 15, 2022. The data originated from the COVID-19 Adult Resilience Experiences Study (CARES). Participants reported their vaccination status and then shared free-text explanations of their decision. Thematic analysis led to the development of the “COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes Among Young Adults” model, illustrating how vaccination decisions were shaped by the dynamic interplay of individual and contextual factors. At the individual level, pro-vaccination, vaccine-hesitant, and anti-vaccination attitudes emerged. Pro-vaccination individuals emphasized motivations such as protecting health, trusting in science and institutions, and having a sense of collective responsibility. Vaccine-hesitant respondents were marked by uncertainty, including a fear of unknown risks and decision paralysis. Anti-vaccination individuals expressed distrust in governmental and scientific authorities, had a strong emphasis on personal autonomy, and expressed beliefs rooted in spiritual, naturalistic, or fatalistic frameworks. Beyond the individual level, three contextual influences shaped attitudes: government policies and mandates, social influence from other people around them, and vaccine accessibility. A key distinction across these groups was between collectivistic and individualistic motivations. Vaccine-hesitant individuals were characterized by ambivalence. COVID-19 vaccination attitudes among U.S. young adults reflect a complex intersection of personal beliefs and social context. Understanding these patterns can inform more nuanced public health strategies and communication efforts.
了解年轻人的疫苗决策对于在COVID-19大流行期间和之后形成有效的公共卫生应对措施至关重要。本定性研究调查了两个关键问题:(1)年轻人选择接种或不接种COVID-19疫苗的原因是什么?(2)基于这些原因,出现了哪些不同的态度群体?这项横断面在线研究评估了1863年美国年轻人在2022年2月14日至6月15日期间提供的1863个独特的开放式自由文本回复。数据来自2019冠状病毒病成人复原力体验研究(CARES)。参与者报告了他们的疫苗接种状况,然后分享了他们决定的自由文本解释。专题分析促成了“青年人对COVID-19疫苗接种态度”模型的发展,说明了疫苗接种决策是如何受到个人因素和环境因素动态相互作用的影响。在个人层面上,出现了支持接种疫苗、对接种疫苗犹豫不决和反对接种疫苗的态度。支持接种疫苗的个人强调了保护健康、信任科学和机构以及具有集体责任感等动机。对疫苗犹豫不决的应答者表现出不确定性,包括对未知风险的恐惧和决策瘫痪。反对接种疫苗的个人表达了对政府和科学权威的不信任,强烈强调个人自主权,并表达了植根于精神、自然主义或宿命论框架的信仰。在个人层面之外,三种环境影响影响了态度:政府政策和命令,周围其他人的社会影响,以及疫苗的可及性。这些群体的一个关键区别是集体主义动机和个人主义动机。疫苗犹豫个体的特点是矛盾心理。美国年轻人对COVID-19疫苗接种的态度反映了个人信仰和社会背景的复杂交集。了解这些模式可以为更细致的公共卫生战略和沟通工作提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Neonatal mice immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine 新生小鼠对COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的免疫应答
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128271
Leda Lotspeich-Cole , Mukesh Kumar Jha , Swetha Parvathaneni , Robert C. Lee , Drew Weissman , Marian Major , Mustafa Akkoyunlu
A vaccine based on an mRNA platform was first licensed for human use during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in neonates is insufficient and the vaccines were only authorized for those over six months of age. Here, we compared the antibody responses induced by both recombinant receptor binding domain (rRBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RBD) and mRNA encoded RBD (RBD-mRNA-LNP) forms in neonatal mice. When administered twice three weeks apart, both forms induced detectable anti-RBD antibodies. However, levels of IgG antibodies against RBD were significantly higher with more potent inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 in neonatal mice immunized with RBD-mRNA-LNP vaccine compared to those immunized with rRBD vaccine adjuvanted with AddaVax™, a squalene-based adjuvant. Thus, the mRNA vaccine platform elicits higher levels of antibodies with improved functional capability in neonatal mice compared to the recombinant protein platform.
基于mRNA平台的疫苗在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间首次获准用于人类。然而,关于SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗在新生儿中的免疫原性的数据不足,疫苗仅被批准用于6个月以上的婴儿。在此,我们比较了SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白(RBD)重组受体结合域(rRBD)和mRNA编码RBD (RBD-mRNA- lnp)两种形式在新生小鼠中诱导的抗体反应。当间隔三周给药两次时,两种形式均诱导可检测到的抗rbd抗体。然而,与以角鲨烯为基础的佐剂AddaVax™佐剂的rRBD疫苗免疫的新生小鼠相比,接种RBD- mrna - lnp疫苗免疫的新生小鼠抗RBD的IgG抗体水平明显更高,并且更有效地抑制RBD与ACE2的结合。因此,与重组蛋白平台相比,mRNA疫苗平台在新生小鼠中引发了更高水平的抗体,并改善了其功能能力。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of reminder messages, with and without financial incentives, on influenza vaccination: A randomized trial in a California health system 提醒信息对流感疫苗接种的影响,无论是否有经济激励:加州卫生系统的随机试验
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128263
Tom Y. Chang , Mireille Jacobson , Manisha Shah , Rajiv Pramanik , Samir B. Shah
Vaccine hesitancy has risen in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising new concerns about declining uptake of routine immunizations like the seasonal flu shot. Although past studies have shown that financial incentives can boost vaccination, it is unclear whether these strategies remain effective in today's more skeptical environment. To examine this, we conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial in a racially and economically diverse county health system in Northern California. The trial, which was conducted between January 17 and February 16, 2024, tested the impact of financial incentives and reminder messages on flu vaccination uptake, focusing on patients who remained unvaccinated late in the flu season and despite multiple prior outreach attempts by the health system. A total of 69,972 adult patients overdue for influenza vaccinations were randomized to one of three arms: (1) standard care, (2) a reminder message, or (3) a reminder with a $50 financial incentive to get vaccinated within one week. We hypothesized that a reminder message with a financial incentive would increase vaccination uptake more than standard of care. We further hypothesized it would increase uptake more than a reminder message alone. We found that while reminder messages alone had no impact on vaccination uptake, the addition of a $50 incentive nearly doubled the 1-week vaccination rate—from 0.343% to 0.613% (a 0.27 percentage point increase; p < 0.001). Thirty days later the reminder message still had no impact relative to standard of care (0.14 percentage points, p-value 0.218) but the financial incentive effect persisted, increasing the vaccination rate from 1.55 to 1.92 percentage points (0.37 percentage points p-value 0.002). These findings suggest that financial incentives remain a powerful tool for increasing influenza vaccine uptake, even among those who remain unvaccinated late in the flu season.
Trial Registration: NCT06300242
在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后,疫苗犹豫症有所上升,引发了人们对季节性流感疫苗等常规免疫接种接种率下降的新担忧。尽管过去的研究表明,财政激励可以促进疫苗接种,但目前尚不清楚这些策略在当今更加怀疑的环境中是否仍然有效。为了检验这一点,我们在北加州一个种族和经济多样化的县卫生系统中进行了一项三组随机对照试验。该试验于2024年1月17日至2月16日进行,测试了财政激励和提醒信息对流感疫苗接种的影响,重点关注在流感季节后期未接种疫苗的患者,尽管卫生系统此前多次尝试外展。共有69,972名未接种流感疫苗的成年患者被随机分为三组:(1)标准治疗,(2)提醒信息,或(3)提醒在一周内接种疫苗的50美元经济奖励。我们假设,与标准护理相比,带有经济激励的提醒信息会增加疫苗接种的吸收率。我们进一步假设它比单独的提醒信息更能增加吸收。我们发现,虽然提醒信息本身对疫苗接种率没有影响,但增加50美元的奖励几乎使一周的疫苗接种率翻了一番,从0.343%增加到0.613%(增加0.27个百分点;p < 0.001)。30天后,提醒信息相对于护理标准仍然没有影响(0.14个百分点,p值0.218),但经济激励效应持续存在,将疫苗接种率从1.55个百分点提高到1.92个百分点(0.37个百分点,p值0.002)。这些发现表明,经济激励仍然是增加流感疫苗接种的有力工具,即使在流感季节后期未接种疫苗的人群中也是如此。试验注册:NCT06300242
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引用次数: 0
The effect of BCG vaccination on systemic inflammation in neonates 卡介苗接种对新生儿全身炎症的影响。
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128241
Valerie A.C.M. Koeken , Thomas N. Nissen , Nina M. Birk , Collins K. Boahen , Reinout van Crevel , Vinod Kumar , Yang Li , Peter Aaby , Christine S. Benn , Mihai G. Netea

Objectives

To assess the impact of BCG vaccination on systemic inflammation in neonates, focusing on sex-specific differences and the relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and immune responses, including cytokine production and antibody levels.

Methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted in Denmark involving newborns who were randomized to receive BCG vaccine or not. Blood samples were collected at 4 days, 3 months and 13 months post-randomization. In the current sub-study within the randomized clinical trial, ninety-two inflammatory proteins in plasma were measured using a proximity extension assay. We analysed the changes in these inflammatory markers and examined their association with immune markers.

Results

Before BCG vaccination, girls had slightly higher inflammatory marker levels than boys. Post-vaccination, a moderate decrease in circulating inflammatory markers was noted in BCG-vaccinated children, especially in girls, with the strongest effects observed at 3 months. By 13 months, following routine vaccinations, there was no longer any measurable effect of BCG vaccination. BCG seemed to modify the associations between inflammatory proteins and immune responses.

Conclusions

This sub-study suggests that BCG vaccination could temporally reduce systemic inflammation in neonates, with the strongest effect observed in girls, who had the highest baseline levels. These findings seemingly replicate observations in adults, showing that BCG has a pronounced inflammation-dampening effect in those with higher pre-vaccination levels. The results further show that BCG vaccination could alter circulating inflammatory proteins in a time-dependent manner and potentially modulate the associations between inflammatory markers and immune function. These insights highlight the importance of sex-specific immune modulation by BCG in early life and underscore the value of personalised vaccination strategies that considers both timing and sex differences in immune responses.
目的:评估卡介苗接种对新生儿全身性炎症的影响,重点关注性别特异性差异以及循环炎症蛋白与免疫反应(包括细胞因子产生和抗体水平)之间的关系。方法:在丹麦进行一项随机临床试验,新生儿随机接种卡介苗或不接种卡介苗。随机分组后4天、3个月和13个月采集血样。在随机临床试验的当前子研究中,使用接近延伸法测量血浆中的92种炎症蛋白。我们分析了这些炎症标志物的变化,并检查了它们与免疫标志物的关系。结果:接种卡介苗前,女孩炎性标志物水平略高于男孩。接种疫苗后,接种bcg的儿童,特别是女孩,循环炎症标志物出现中度下降,在3个月时观察到最强的效果。在常规接种疫苗13个月后,卡介苗接种不再有任何可测量的效果。卡介苗似乎改变了炎症蛋白和免疫反应之间的关系。结论:这项亚研究表明,卡介苗接种可以暂时减少新生儿的全身炎症,在女孩中观察到的效果最强,女孩的基线水平最高。这些发现似乎重复了在成人中的观察结果,表明卡介苗在接种前水平较高的人群中具有明显的炎症抑制作用。结果进一步表明,卡介苗接种可以以一种时间依赖性的方式改变循环炎症蛋白,并可能调节炎症标志物与免疫功能之间的关联。这些见解强调了卡介苗在生命早期进行性别特异性免疫调节的重要性,并强调了考虑免疫反应时间和性别差异的个性化疫苗接种策略的价值。
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引用次数: 0
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Vaccine
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