Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review of the impact of vaccine reactogenicity on willingness to accept influenza vaccination in adults","authors":"Helen Lister ,&nbsp;Katherine Farquharson ,&nbsp;Holly Seale ,&nbsp;Louise E. Smith ,&nbsp;Tiziano Poletti ,&nbsp;Femy Amin ,&nbsp;G. James Rubin","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the quantity and quality of studies investigating the impact of vaccine reactogenicity, defined as local (e.g. injection-site pain, redness, swelling) and systemic (e.g. fever, myalgia, headache) symptoms, on willingness to accept influenza vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted on literature published from 1979 to May 2024 using 6 databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined using the SPIDER framework., Studies were restricted to peer-reviewed studies of adults (≥18 years) examining influenza vaccination. Included publications were categorised according to how vaccine side effects were reported i.e. general side effects, general side effects plus contracting influenza, or reactogenicity. National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools were used to assess the quality of included publications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 462 publications charted, 353 (76 %) reported perceived or experienced general side effects as reasons for non-vaccination; 48 (10 %) reported general side effects and contracting influenza; and 61 (13 %) reported vaccine reactogenicity. Of the 61 studies reporting or specifying reactogenicity, 11 (18 %) reported both experienced and anticipated reactogenicity, 12 (20 %) reported anticipated reactogenicity, and 38 (62 %) reported experienced reactogenicity. Most studies were rated fair quality (<em>n</em> = 57), with two good and two poor. Twenty-one studies investigated associations between reactogenicity and uptake (willingness or actual vaccination). Of these, 11 examined experienced reactogenicity; the majority (9 of 11) found that individuals who experienced local or systemic reactions perceived themselves to be less likely to accept vaccination in future seasons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While side effects are frequently cited as reasons for non-vaccination, there is a dearth of high-quality studies specifically addressing the impact of reactogenicity on influenza vaccine willingness. Although most suggest a link between experienced reactogenicity and reduced future intention to vaccinate, heterogeneity in study design and quality precludes firm conclusions. Understanding the implications of reactogenicity is essential to inform strategies that improve coverage and guide intervention design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterologous vs. homologous vaccine regimens: Sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) archaeosome-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein boost following an mRNA/LNP prime induces robust and balanced immune responses","authors":"Tyler M. Renner ,&nbsp;Gerard Agbayani ,&nbsp;Hiva Azizi ,&nbsp;Lise Deschatelets ,&nbsp;Renu Dudani ,&nbsp;Blair A. Harrison ,&nbsp;Usha D. Hemraz ,&nbsp;Roger Koukiekolo ,&nbsp;Matthew Stuible ,&nbsp;Yves Durocher ,&nbsp;Michael J. McCluskie ,&nbsp;Bassel Akache","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To combat the spread of and disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, mRNA/LNP vaccines were introduced into the clinic in 2020 with tremendous uptake and success. Since then, there have been multiple other SARS-CoV-2 vaccines approved across different countries based on various types of platforms including viral vector, inactivated virus and adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines. This has led to a scenario where there is a high probability of heterologous vaccinations in certain populations, whereby booster doses will differ from the initial vaccine formulations they received. We have previously demonstrated the immunogenicity of sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) archaeosome-adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines and mRNA/LNPs in preclinical models within separate studies. Herein, we compared the immunological outcomes following homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens against SARS-CoV-2 spike based on mRNA/LNPs and/or SLA archaeosome-adjuvanted protein subunit vaccines in a mouse model. The homologous mRNA/LNP regimen induced a strong humoral response consisting of a more balanced IgG1:IgG2c ratio accompanied by robust CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell activation, compared to the homologous protein subunit regimen which led to a dominating IgG1 response with robust CD4⁺ T cell activation only. With the heterologous regimens, the IgG1:IgG2c ratios were reflective of their priming vaccine, a potential impact of immunological imprinting. However, in the heterologous regimens, robust cellular responses were only achieved in animals which had received a priming mRNA/LNP vaccine and not in those which were primed with the adjuvanted protein vaccine. This regimen resulted in superior CD4⁺ T cell activation as compared to the homologous mRNA/LNP regimen, while maintaining similar levels of CD8⁺ T cells. This study illustrates the potential for different immunological profiles to be induced by different heterologous vaccination regimens, which may impact long-term outcomes in human populations, such as the waning immunity observed for SARS-CoV-2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “A cost-effectiveness analysis of South Africa's COVID-19 vaccination programme” [Vaccine 42(20) (2024) 125988","authors":"Ijeoma Edoka ,&nbsp;Sheetal Silal ,&nbsp;Lise Jamieson ,&nbsp;Gesine Meyer-Rath","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-vaccination attitudes and behavioral intentions towards three recommended vaccinations among Chinese older adults with chronic diseases: A multicenter cross-sectional study","authors":"Mengyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Siwen Huang ,&nbsp;Chi Ruan ,&nbsp;Yan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yudan Song ,&nbsp;Rui Peng ,&nbsp;Dingwan Chen ,&nbsp;Yongkang Xiao ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Lili Tian ,&nbsp;Yuhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeying Qin ,&nbsp;Xinyu Shi ,&nbsp;Jingtao Zhou ,&nbsp;Zongchao Peng ,&nbsp;Sitong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing burden of chronic diseases, along with rapid population aging, has posed significant challenges to public health globally. Older adults with chronic diseases are vulnerable to vaccine-preventable infections. In China, influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccines are recommended for this population, but the uptake is suboptimal. This study aimed to investigate anti-vaccination attitudes among older adults with chronic diseases and examine their behavioral intentions of receiving influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccinations. A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted, enrolling 772 older adults with chronic diseases (mean age = 67.97 ± 6.67 years). Anti-vaccination attitudes were assessed using the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale. Intention was measured through self-reported assessments. Results demonstrated that participants hold anti-vaccination attitudes (mean VAX score = 27.65 ± 7.62), with “worries about unforeseen future effects” as the strongest dimension (mean score = 9.37 ± 2.69). Overall, 61.4 % of participants intended to receive the influenza vaccination. Only 26.8 % (pneumococcal) and 26.7 % (herpes zoster) of unvaccinated participants intended future uptake. Less anti-vaccination attitudes were associated with not living alone (b_a = −2.168, 95 % CI: −4.088 to −0.247) and having a history of receiving the recommended vaccinations (b_a ranging from −4.657 to −3.532); stronger anti-vaccination attitudes were associated with having medical insurance (b_a = 1.538, 95 % CI: 0.005 to 3.071) and having two or more chronic diseases (b_a = 1.512, 95 % CI: 0.448 to 2.575). Anti-vaccination attitudes were negatively associated with vaccination intentions (AOR ranging from 0.905 to 0.932). The study findings illustrated that older adults with chronic diseases exhibited anti-vaccination attitudes and insufficient vaccination intentions. Targeted interventions are needed to enhance perceptions of vaccine efficacy among older adults with chronic diseases, particularly for individuals living alone, lacking a vaccination history, and those with multiple chronic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spike antibody levels and risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: a two-year cohort study in previously infected adults","authors":"Elias Frost Wiwe ,&nbsp;Mona Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Lisbeth Brandt ,&nbsp;Nessrin Talouzi ,&nbsp;Casper Roed ,&nbsp;Zitta Barrella Harboe ,&nbsp;Thea Kølsen Fischer ,&nbsp;Young Bae Lee Hansen ,&nbsp;Thore Hillig","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The need for a validated correlate of protection (CoP) for SARS-CoV-2 remains unmet, particularly in immunosuppressed or vulnerable populations. Antibody quantification is widely available, but the relationship with reinfection risk remains uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a two-year cohort study in Denmark including 2960 adults with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and more than 9000 plasma samples collected between 2020 and 2022. Spike antibody concentrations were measured using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. Weekly antibody levels were modelled by nonlinear mixed-effect models and linked to reinfection risk using a competing-risk Cox regression explicitly adjusted for infection pressure and individual testing frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among 1600 participants with longitudinal antibody follow-up, 133 reinfections were observed during a median of 22 weeks at risk. Each tenfold (log₁₀) increase in spike antibody level was associated with a 28 % reduction in reinfection hazard (HR 0.72, 95 % CI 0.57–0.90, <em>p</em> = 0.0045). This effect was consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses and robust to fluctuations in infection pressure and testing practices. No discrete antibody threshold was identified, suggesting a continuous, dose-response association between antibody concentration and protection.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Higher spike antibody levels were consistently associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, supporting their use as continuous markers of protection. Although assay-specific and without a single protective cutoff, antibody measurements may help monitor patient groups prone to poor vaccine responses—such as those receiving chemotherapy or immune-modulating drugs—and guide individualized revaccination once immune competence recovers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the dose-response relationship for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a nested analysis of the fractional dose PCV trial","authors":"Irene Martinez-de-Albeniz ,&nbsp;Christian Bottomley ,&nbsp;Ruth Lucinde ,&nbsp;M. Wanjiru Kaniu ,&nbsp;Suaad Badaud ,&nbsp;Mary Mutahi ,&nbsp;Laura Mwalekwa ,&nbsp;Sarah Ragab ,&nbsp;Louise Twi-Yeboah ,&nbsp;James A. Berkley ,&nbsp;Mainga Hamaluba ,&nbsp;Angela Karani ,&nbsp;Jimmy Shangala ,&nbsp;Mark Otiende ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Gardiner ,&nbsp;Daisy Mugo ,&nbsp;Peter G. Smith ,&nbsp;Collins Tabu ,&nbsp;Fred Were ,&nbsp;David Goldblatt ,&nbsp;Katherine E. Gallagher","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between polysaccharide dose and immune response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) has never been established. An individually randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in Kenyan infants to assess whether immune responses after fractional doses of PCV10 (Synflorix, GlaxoSmithKline plc.) or PCV13 (Prevnar13, Pfizer Inc.) were non-inferior to full-dose schedules (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>: <span><span>NCT03489018</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>; Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR202104717648755). We analysed these data to describe the serotype-specific dose-response relationships and evaluate factors associated with the immune response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed data from participants who received PCV doses at 6 and 14 weeks of age, with immunogenicity assessed at 18 weeks of age. Participants received 20 %, 40 % or full doses of PCV10 or PCV13. We used mixed-effects linear regression models to estimate the dose-response relationships between polysaccharide dose and log-transformed IgG concentrations and to determine factors associated with immune response. We estimated the minimum dose required to obtain a high (≥95 %) probability of an immunological response above the level considered to be associated with protection using logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1342 infants were included. The polysaccharide dose, product, child's ethnicity, sex, maternal age, and interval between second PCV dose and immunogenicity sample were independently associated with IgG concentrations elicited by the primary schedule. For PCV13, the relationship between dose and log(IgG) was best described by a quadratic function for serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 19A and 23F, whereas a log-dose model was the best fit for serotypes 14, 18C and 19F. For PCV10, a linear relationship was the best fit for serotypes 1, 6B, 7F, 9V and 23F and log-dose model was the best fit for 4, 5, 14, 18C and 19F.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that available PCV10/13 could be reformulated to optimize protective responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 128186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant comprising nano-aluminum hydroxide pickering emulsion with polysialic acid for enhanced vaccination","authors":"Xin Yao ,&nbsp;Dihan Su ,&nbsp;Zhijie Ma ,&nbsp;Zhaowei Jin,&nbsp;Quanmin Chen,&nbsp;Hongbing Wu,&nbsp;Jeremy Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adjuvants are pivotal components in vaccine formulations, serving to augment the extensiveness, breadth, and duration of antigen-specific immune responses. Conventional emulsions represent one successful category of vaccine adjuvant, while still with the thermodynamically unstable issue. In this study, a novel polysialic acid (PSA)-loaded Nano-Alum stabilized Pickering emulsion (NAPE or NAPE/PSA) formulation was prepared by anchoring Nano-Alum at the oil/water interface, subsequently integrating PSA and Ovalbumin (OVA) onto the Nano-Alum surface. The findings revealed that the innovative NAPE demonstrated exceptional physical stability and high protein loading efficiency, maintaining these properties for up to 52 weeks at both 25 °C and 40 °C, underscoring the robust stability of the NAPE adjuvant formulation. In vitro assessment indicated that NAPE and NAPE/PSA possess high cellular compatibility, enhancing the cellular adhesion and facilitating the endocytosis of OVA in RAW264.7 and DC2.4 cells, and upregulated TNF-α expression compared with Alhydrogel in RAW 264.7 and DC 2.4 cells. Moreover, both NAPE and NAPE/PSA elicited a potent and enduring OVA-specific immune response, achieving compared IgG1, IgG and IgG2a titers to the commercial adjuvant at day 42, and IgG and IgG2a titers performed a continuous increase trend over time after immunization. These outcomes suggest that NAPE or NAPE/PSA could serve as a potential carrier, offering dual functionalities in adjuvant activity and antigen delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination campaign, knowledge, and trust in Duran, Ecuador: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Andrea Orellana-Manzano ,&nbsp;Andrea Garcia-Angulo ,&nbsp;Fabricio Quinto ,&nbsp;María Gabriela Munizaga ,&nbsp;Carmen Matías De la Cruz ,&nbsp;Fernanda B. Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Diana Carvajal-Aldaz ,&nbsp;Carlos Ordoñez ,&nbsp;Alfonso Silva ,&nbsp;Luz Valencia ,&nbsp;María José-Vizcaino ,&nbsp;Fátima Andrea German Bermúdez ,&nbsp;Sarada Ghosh ,&nbsp;Derly Andrade-Molina ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Centeno-Tablante ,&nbsp;Saurabh Mehta ,&nbsp;Washington B. Cárdenas ,&nbsp;Mercy Borbor-Cordova","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in 6.9 million deaths, exposed global health system inequities despite the approval of over nine vaccines in 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cross-sectional study examined factors affecting the accessibility and equity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in Duran, Ecuador. Demographic surveys conducted in September–October 2021 evaluated self-reported access to COVID-19 vaccines. Equity was assessed using survey questions on trust, knowledge, and risk perception for vaccine acceptance, employing descriptive statistics and Fisher's Exact and Wilcoxon tests.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among the 341 individuals surveyed, 83.9 % received at least one vaccine, with no disparities based on demographics, and vaccination status was unrelated to age, gender, or occupation. A significantly higher odds ratio was found for vaccinated individuals on the willingness to receive another COVID-19 vaccine compared to individuals not vaccinated (OR: 12.206, 99 % CI [4.545–32.784]). Notable findings include 60.8 % confidence in vaccine effectiveness, and recognition of COVID-19 severity (78.3 %) and infection possibility (76 %). However, in a population with a relatively high prevalence of chronic diseases like obesity (19.4 %), diabetes (18.8 %), and hypertension (32 %), no significant correlation was found between participants' answers to self-perceived risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and high-risk groups susceptibility to severe diseases. Moreover, 70.1 % of respondents claim knowledge about the virus, but 41.1 % did not know at least one of three transmission ways asked and nearly 50 % were unaware of the incubation period. Participants reported trust in healthcare professionals for COVID-19 information and guidance (73.6 %), and some reliance on the internet and social media as reliable sources of information (40 %). Neither trust scores or knowledge scores were significantly correlated to demographics or clinical variables.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Despite an 84.97 % national vaccination rate in Ecuador and a similarly high vaccination rate in Duran, demographic and educational factors influence health practices and warrant further attention. Trust in authorities is notable in this population, but communication strategies should continue to enhance awareness and knowledge about COVID-19, particularly in high-risk groups. The complex interplay of risk-perception, virus knowledge, and susceptibility understanding highlights the need for targeted communication in public health programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 127867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered flagellin-based adjuvant boosts mucosal immunity in recombinant RSV vaccine","authors":"Guoguo Ye ,&nbsp;Changbin Qu ,&nbsp;Zhi Liao ,&nbsp;Renxue Wu ,&nbsp;Ruoxu Liang ,&nbsp;Yuanxin Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zou ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shunjing Wang ,&nbsp;Linyi Yu ,&nbsp;Zhiyang Xing ,&nbsp;Shuai Wei ,&nbsp;Wei Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a global health concern that poses a significant threat to children under the age of five. Yet vaccine development has been hindered by historical safety concerns, including vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). To address these challenges, we rationally engineered a soluble, stable, and deimmunized flagellin-derived adjuvant (FIC) to activated mucosal immunity, which plays a critical role in protecting against respiratory diseases and is considered safe for children. In mouse models, FIC adjuvanted RSV prefusion F (pre<img>F) vaccines elicited a Th1-biased immune response, characterized by elevated expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α and robust pre-F-specific humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity, while minimizing flagellin-associated immunogenicity. Further, a sequential immunization regimen incorporating FIC significantly enhanced protection against both upper and lower respiratory tract RSV challenges. Notably, intranasal sequential immunization enhanced antigen-specific cytokine production from splenocytes, thereby optimizing the vaccine's efficacy against RSV. These findings indicated that structure-guided adjuvant optimization combined with mucosal prime-boost strategies can overcome historical barriers in RSV vaccinology, offering a promising pathway for respiratory pathogen vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 128190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic distance predicts neutralizing antibody titers for monovalent and bivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines","authors":"Zhongyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhonglin Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Zhihao Xie ,&nbsp;Yuwei Wang ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijun Chen ,&nbsp;Jinmin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the relationship between genetic variation and vaccine efficacy is essential for developing effective vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study evaluated monovalent (XBB.1.16.1) and bivalent (BQ.1 + XBF) mRNA vaccines in a BALB/c mouse model. Neutralizing antibody titers (pVNT50) induced by both regimens showed a strong negative correlation with genetic distance (calculated using Hamming distance). For the monovalent vaccine, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) exhibited the strongest correlation (<em>r</em> = −0.90). The bivalent vaccine also demonstrated robust correlations, with strength dependent on the component (XBF alone: <em>r</em> = −0.85; BQ.1 alone: <em>r</em> = −0.76). A key finding was the exceptionally strong correlation for the S2 region in the bivalent context (<em>r</em> = −0.86), suggesting broader cross-reactive immunity. These results establish genetic distance as a practical predictive tool and guide rational design of multivalent vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 128185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}