IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126515

Minjung Lee , Chenyuan Qin , Yubin Lee , Jie Deng , Myoungsoon You , Jue Liu

Background

It is crucial to emphasize the necessity of annual COVID-19 vaccination, particularly for vulnerable populations like older and chronically ill individuals.

Objectives

This study aimed to quantify the level of vaccination acceptance and its 5C psychological antecedents in the South Korean and Chinese populations and also to identify the predictors, considering contextual variations that influence vaccine acceptance in both countries.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was undertaken in South Korea and China between March 15 and March 30, 2023, coinciding with the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in both nations. The study comprised 1000 participants from South Korea and 3000 participants from China. A chi-square analysis, t-tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to evaluate the factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.

Results

A higher degree of vaccine acceptance was observed among Chinese participants (48.5 %), in contrast to the 16.8 % among South Koreans. Analyzing the psychological antecedents for vaccination, the Chinese cohort showed high vaccine confidence, whereas South Koreans had increased constraint perceptions. Psychological antecedents, particularly Confidence, play a significant positive role in vaccine acceptance in both South Korea (OR 2.98, CI [2.26–4.01], p < 0.001) and China (OR 2.93, CI [2.58–3.33], p < 0.001), while Constraints in South Korea (OR 0.83, CI [0.69–0.99], p < 0.05) and China (OR 0.86, CI [0.79–0.94], p < 0.001) contribute negatively to vaccine acceptance. Notably, divergent trends in the impact of age and underlying health conditions on vaccine acceptance were observed.

Conclusions

This study reveals a substantial disparity in acceptance, psychological antecedents, and predictors of vaccine acceptance between China and South Korea. This importance of understanding contextual factors influencing public vaccine acceptance is emphasized. There is an urgent need for robust vaccination strategies that boost confidence and alleviate constraints to COVID-19 vaccination, which should be tailored to the unique contextual factors of each country.

背景：强调每年接种 COVID-19 疫苗的必要性至关重要：强调每年接种 COVID-19 疫苗的必要性至关重要，尤其是对于老年人和慢性病患者等易感人群：本研究旨在量化韩国和中国人群对疫苗接种的接受程度及其 5C 心理前因，并考虑影响两国疫苗接受程度的环境变化，确定预测因素：方法：2023 年 3 月 15 日至 3 月 30 日期间，在韩国和中国开展了一项横断面调查研究，当时两国都出现了 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种。韩国有 1000 名参与者，中国有 3000 名参与者。研究采用了卡方分析、t 检验和多变量逻辑回归分析来评估 COVID-19 疫苗接受度的影响因素：结果：中国参与者对疫苗的接受度较高（48.5%），而韩国参与者的接受度仅为 16.8%。在分析接种疫苗的心理诱因时，中国受试者对接种疫苗表现出较高的信心，而韩国受试者则对接种疫苗有更多的约束感。心理前因，尤其是信心，对韩国人接受疫苗起着显著的积极作用（OR 2.98，CI [2.26-4.01]，p 结论：中国人和韩国人的疫苗接种率存在显著差异：本研究揭示了中国和韩国在疫苗接受度、心理诱因和预测因素方面的巨大差异。研究强调了了解影响公众疫苗接受度的背景因素的重要性。目前迫切需要强有力的疫苗接种策略，以增强信心并缓解 COVID-19 疫苗接种的限制因素，这些策略应适合每个国家的独特背景因素。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing protocols for the 919 strain-based bovine ephemeral fever virus vaccine (Ultravac®, Zoetis™): Evaluation of dose-dependent effectiveness and long-term immunity 优化基于 919 株的牛附红细胞体热病毒疫苗（Ultravac®，Zoetis™）的接种方案：剂量依赖性有效性和长期免疫力评估。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126531

Dan Gleser , Michal Cohen , Gabriel Kenigswald , Maor Kedmi , Benny Sharir , Eyal Klement

Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that presents a significant challenge to the cattle industry due to its economic impact, primarily through the loss of milk production in dairy cows. Vaccination is the predominant strategy for managing the disease. We recently showed a vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 60 % of a vaccine based on the Australian 919 BEFV isolate, with a natural challenge occurring shortly after the administration of the second dose of the vaccine. Still, there is a lack of data regarding the duration of protective immunity after vaccination and its potential enhancement after the administration of three and four vaccine doses. To answer these questions we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 850 cows (7 herds), analyzing the influence of different vaccination regimens on VE and a serosurvey of 71 cows to test the longevity of BEFV-specific serum-neutralizing antibodies (SNAb). We adopted a quantitative methodology for BEF diagnosis with the use of commercially validated precision dairy monitoring technologies for milk reduction identification. Survival analysis was used to analyze the vaccine dose effectiveness. A Cox regression mixed-effect model (COXME) was fitted to the data. The analysis demonstrated the following VE compared to zero vaccine doses: 82 % (p-value<0.001) for four doses, 66 % (p-value<0.026) for three doses and 39 % (p-value = 0.3) for two doses. Corroborating with the VE results, the four-dose regimen exhibited the highest geometric mean titer (GMT) value (4.45, CI_95% = 3.99, 4.91), followed by the three-dose regimen (3.53, CI_95% = 3.08,3.98), and the two-dose regimen (2.17, CI_95% = 1.77,2.57). In light of these findings, we recommend vaccinating calves as early as four to six months old with two doses spaced one month apart, followed by a third and even fourth dose administered between six to 12 months later, ideally close to the onset of the high-risk season.

牛短暂热（BEF）是一种节肢动物传播的病毒（虫媒病毒），主要通过奶牛产奶量的损失对经济产生影响，因此给养牛业带来了巨大挑战。疫苗接种是控制该疾病的主要策略。我们最近的研究表明，基于澳大利亚 919 BEFV 分离物的疫苗有效率（VE）为 60%，第二剂疫苗接种后不久就会出现自然挑战。然而，关于接种疫苗后保护性免疫力的持续时间及其在接种三剂和四剂疫苗后增强的可能性，目前还缺乏相关数据。为了回答这些问题，我们对 850 头奶牛（7 个牧场）进行了回顾性队列研究，分析了不同疫苗接种方案对 VE 的影响，并对 71 头奶牛进行了血清调查，以检测 BEFV 特异性血清中和抗体 (SNAb) 的持久性。我们采用定量方法诊断 BEF，并使用经过商业验证的精确乳制品监测技术进行牛奶减少鉴定。我们采用了生存分析法来分析疫苗剂量的有效性。数据采用了 Cox 回归混合效应模型 (COXME)。分析表明，与零疫苗剂量相比，VE 值为82%（p-value95% = 3.99，4.91），其次是三剂方案（3.53，CI95% = 3.08，3.98）和两剂方案（2.17，CI95% = 1.77，2.57）。鉴于这些研究结果，我们建议在犊牛四到六个月大时就为其接种疫苗，两次接种间隔一个月，然后在六到十二个月后接种第三次甚至第四次疫苗，最好在接近高风险季节开始时接种。

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引用次数: 0

Herpes zoster vaccination among Medicare beneficiaries with and without prescription drug coverage 有处方药保险和没有处方药保险的医疗保险受益人接种带状疱疹疫苗的情况。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126537

Yuping Tsai , Jessica Leung , Tara C. Anderson , Fangjun Zhou , James A. Singleton

Introduction

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) eliminated cost sharing for Medicare Part D-covered vaccines but did not address the cost burden faced by Medicare beneficiaries who did not have prescription drug coverage. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of beneficiaries without prescription drug coverage and to assess the association between the receipt of a herpes zoster vaccine and prescription drug coverage status.

Methods

We used the 2019–2023 National Health Interview Survey and included Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who enrolled in both Parts A and B or a Medicare Advantage plan. Descriptive statistics were used to examine beneficiaries' characteristics. Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between the receipt of a herpes zoster vaccine and Medicare prescription drug coverage.

Results

The study included 33,578 beneficiaries and 93.5 % of beneficiaries had prescription drug coverage. The prevalence of lacking prescription drug coverage was higher among beneficiaries who did not have a college degree, had family income below the poverty level, had no flu shot and well visit within the past year, and had no usual place for care. The probability of receiving a herpes zoster vaccine was higher among beneficiaries with prescription drug coverage than those without prescription coverage (45.2 % versus 25.3 %).

Conclusions

Herpes zoster vaccination disparities between beneficiaries with and without prescription drug coverage existed before the IRA. Because the IRA only addresses the cost barrier facing by beneficiaries with prescription drug coverage, vaccination disparities was greater after the IRA implementation.

导言：通货膨胀削减法》（IRA）取消了医疗保险 D 部分承保疫苗的费用分担，但并未解决没有处方药承保的医疗保险受益人所面临的费用负担问题。本研究旨在确定没有处方药保险的受益人的特征，并评估接种带状疱疹疫苗与处方药保险状况之间的关联：我们使用了 2019-2023 年全国健康访谈调查，纳入了年龄在 65 岁及以上、同时参加了 A 部分和 B 部分或医疗保险优势计划的医疗保险受益人。我们使用描述性统计来研究受益人的特征。逻辑回归用于研究接种带状疱疹疫苗与医疗保险处方药覆盖范围之间的关联：研究包括 33,578 名受益人，93.5% 的受益人有处方药保险。在没有大学学历、家庭收入低于贫困线、过去一年内没有接种过流感疫苗和接受过健康检查以及没有固定医疗场所的受益人中，没有处方药保险的比例较高。有处方药保险的受益人接种带状疱疹疫苗的概率高于没有处方药保险的受益人（45.2% 对 25.3%）：结论：在实施 IRA 之前，有处方药保险和没有处方药保险的受益人之间就存在带状疱疹疫苗接种的差异。由于 IRA 只解决了有处方药保险的受益人所面临的费用障碍，因此在 IRA 实施后，接种疫苗的差距更大了。

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引用次数: 0

Report of a SPEAC webinar 22 september 2023: Sensorineural hearing loss, lassa virus disease and vaccines 2023 年 9 月 22 日 SPEAC 网络研讨会报告：感音神经性听力损失、拉萨病毒病和疫苗。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126525

Nicholas S. Reed , Carmen C. Brewer , Gideon Akintunde , Faustina F. Blackie , Lovelyn Charles , Patricia Fast , Paul-Henri Lambert , Sylvanus Okogbenin , Slobodan Paessler , Daniel D. Pinschewer , Karina A. Top , Steven B. Black , Cornelia L. Dekker

Lassa virus (LASV) belongs to the Arenavirus family. LASV is endemic in several West Africa countries and causes viral hemorrhagic fevers. The Nigeria CDC has reported that an outbreak in 2024 in 28 states has resulted in 7767 suspected cases of Lassa fever, 971 confirmed cases and 166 confirmed deaths up to 11 August. Since infection with LASV can result in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in up to 30% of patients, there are questions about whether triggering the immune response by immunization with LASV vaccines could potentially cause SNHL, although this has not been shown in clinical trials to date. To address this issue, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a three-hour webinar on 22 September 2023 to review what is known from both animal studies and human clinical trials and how hearing assessments in future clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for hearing assessment in expanded human trials of LASV vaccine candidates in children and adults.

拉沙病毒（LASV）属于阿伦病毒科。拉沙病毒在西非多个国家流行，会引起病毒性出血热。尼日利亚疾病预防控制中心报告称，2024 年在 28 个州爆发的拉沙热疫情截至 8 月 11 日已导致 7767 例疑似病例、971 例确诊病例和 166 例确诊死亡病例。由于感染拉沙热病毒可导致多达 30% 的患者出现感音神经性听力损失 (SNHL)，因此有人质疑通过接种拉沙热疫苗来触发免疫反应是否可能导致感音神经性听力损失，尽管迄今为止临床试验尚未证明这一点。为解决这一问题，流行病防备创新联盟 (CEPI) 和布莱顿合作组织 (BC) 紧急疫苗安全平台 (SPEAC) 于 2023 年 9 月 22 日召开了一次三小时的网络研讨会，回顾了动物研究和人体临床试验的已知情况，以及未来临床试验中的听力评估如何帮助评估风险。本报告总结了所提供的证据，并为儿童和成人 LASV 候选疫苗扩大人体试验中的听力评估提供了考虑因素。

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引用次数: 0

Breakthroughs and insights: A comprehensive review of yellow fever vaccine breakthrough infection across 8 decades 突破与见解：全面回顾八十年来黄热病疫苗的突破性感染。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126423

Felicity J. Coulter , William B. Messer

The yellow fever vaccine 17D is one of the most successful live-attenuated vaccines ever developed, controlling mosquito-borne yellow fever virus and yellow fever disease worldwide. Introduced in 1937, 17D never underwent rigorous phase III clinical trials to evaluate safety or efficacy, and while protection in the field was quickly established, no prospective evaluation of vaccine efficacy has ever been conducted. One important measure of vaccine efficacy is breakthrough infection resulting from vaccine failure. Yellow fever breakthrough infection was previously formally evaluated in a policy-changing report conducted by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in 2015 but has not been reviewed since despite several recent outbreaks in South America and Africa. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a literature search and reviewed 19 papers documenting breakthrough yellow fever infection between 1944 and 2023. There were up to 7793 suspected and up to 773 confirmed breakthrough cases reported in the literature, including thirteen cohort studies, four case reports, and two case series, which we summarize, evaluate the approaches used, and identify strengths and weakness. This review provides an important and much needed update on the topic of yellow fever breakthrough infection, drawing from recent outbreaks, highlighting limitations, and suggesting future approaches to further advance the field.

黄热病疫苗 17D 是迄今为止开发的最成功的减毒活疫苗之一，可在全球范围内控制由蚊子传播的黄热病病毒和黄热病。17D 于 1937 年推出，但从未进行过严格的 III 期临床试验来评估其安全性或有效性，虽然很快就在当地建立了保护作用，但从未对疫苗的有效性进行过前瞻性评估。疫苗效果的一个重要衡量标准是疫苗失效导致的突破性感染。黄热病突破性感染曾在 2015 年由免疫实践咨询委员会进行的一份改变政策的报告中进行过正式评估，但此后尽管最近在南美和非洲爆发了几次疫情，却再未进行过审查。为了填补这一知识空白，我们进行了文献检索，并查阅了 19 篇记录 1944 年至 2023 年期间黄热病突破性感染的论文。文献中报告了多达 7793 例疑似和 773 例确诊突破性感染病例，其中包括 13 项队列研究、4 项病例报告和 2 项系列病例，我们对这些研究进行了总结，对所用方法进行了评估，并找出了优缺点。本综述就黄热病突破性感染这一主题提供了重要且亟需的最新信息，借鉴了近期的疫情，强调了局限性，并提出了进一步推动该领域发展的未来方法。

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引用次数: 0

How do national immunization technical advisory groups assess and use evidence: Findings from the SYSVAC survey 国家免疫技术咨询组如何评估和使用证据：SYSVAC 调查的结果。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126538

Antonia Pilic , Louise Henaff , Christoph Steffen , Ole Wichmann , Vanessa Piechotta , Thomas Harder

National immunization technical advisory groups (NITAGs) develop evidence-based vaccination recommendations. Systematic reviews (SRs) are important tools in that process, but conducting them is very resource-intensive. Given the considerable number of immunization-related SRs published and to minimize duplication of effort, a more practical approach for NITAGs is to use existing SRs. Among multiple initiatives and resources to strengthen NITAGs, the freely accessible SYSVAC registry supports NITAGs in identifying suitable SRs when developing vaccination recommendations. Additional SYSVAC courses provide step-by-step training on how to use SRs.

This cross-sectional survey was conducted online and involved 108 participants globally. The aim was to explore NITAGs user experience with evidence retrieval, to assess impact and use of the SYSVAC resources and training needs. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.

Most of the respondents were > 45 years old (75.9%) and represented 50 NITAGs from all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. In total, 13/50 NITAGs (26.0%) had ease accessing full text publications. The preferred data sources to search for evidence were peer reviewed literature via PubMed and the WHO website (Strategic Advisory Group of Experts – SAGE – on Immunization). When developing vaccination recommendations, respondents stated using SRs mostly conducted by SAGE, other institutions or NITAGs (83.2%), recommendations of other countries (79.4%) and primary studies (73.8%). Respondents from 35 NITAGs stated to use the SYSVAC registry to search for evidence, leading to ≥69 recommendations being developed by NITAGs globally with its support. Aside existing SYSVAC courses on SR use, there was great interest in training on SR use in the development of vaccination recommendations.

Our survey gathered information on evidence use and training needs. Survey results serve as a starting point to improve support of NITAGs in developing recommendations.

国家免疫技术咨询组 (NITAG) 制定以证据为基础的疫苗接种建议。系统综述 (SR) 是这一过程中的重要工具，但进行系统综述非常耗费资源。鉴于已出版的与免疫接种相关的系统综述数量可观，为尽量减少重复劳动，NITAG 更为实用的方法是利用现有的系统综述。在加强 NITAG 的多种举措和资源中，可免费访问的 SYSVAC 注册表可帮助 NITAG 在制定疫苗接种建议时识别合适的 SR。此外，SYSVAC 课程还提供如何使用 SR 的分步培训。这项横断面调查在网上进行，全球共有 108 人参与。目的是了解 NITAGs 用户在证据检索方面的经验，评估 SYSVAC 资源的影响和使用情况以及培训需求。数据采用结构化问卷收集。大多数受访者年龄在 45 岁以上（75.9%），代表了来自世界卫生组织（WHO）所有六个地区的 50 个 NITAG。总共有 13/50 个 NITAG（26.0%）难以获取全文出版物。搜索证据的首选数据来源是通过 PubMed 和世卫组织网站（免疫战略专家咨询组）进行的同行评审文献。在制定疫苗接种建议时，受访者表示主要使用由 SAGE、其他机构或 NITAG（83.2%）开展的 SR、其他国家的建议（79.4%）和初级研究（73.8%）。来自 35 个 NITAG 的受访者表示使用 SYSVAC 登记册搜索证据，在其支持下，全球 NITAG 制定了≥69 项建议。除了现有的关于SR使用的SYSVAC课程外，人们对在制定疫苗接种建议时使用SR的培训也非常感兴趣。我们的调查收集了有关证据使用和培训需求的信息。调查结果可作为改善 NITAG 在制定建议方面的支持的起点。

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引用次数: 0

Klebsiella pneumoniae bioconjugate vaccine functional durability in mice 肺炎克雷伯菌生物结合疫苗在小鼠体内的功能持久性。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126536

Paeton L. Wantuch , Cory J. Knoot , Emily C. Marino , Christian M. Harding , David A. Rosen

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections as well as the leading cause of neonatal sepsis worldwide. Further, increasing antibiotic resistance in this pathogen makes K. pneumoniae troublesome to treat. Despite its clinical importance, there is not yet an approved K. pneumoniae vaccine available. Here we tested antibody durability and long-term functionality of two previously reported bioconjugate vaccines targeting the K. pneumoniae capsular type K2 and O-antigen type O1v1. We demonstrate that both antibodies are durable in mice for up to six months with significant IgG titers. However, only the K2 antibodies exhibit functionality out to six months as evidenced by serum bactericidal activity and survival in a murine bacteremia challenge model. These results are another promising step towards demonstrating the clinical capacity of bioconjugate vaccines and their induction of durable antibody responses.

肺炎克雷伯菌是医院获得性感染的主要病因，也是全球新生儿败血症的主要病因。此外，这种病原体对抗生素的耐药性不断增加，使得肺炎克雷伯菌的治疗非常麻烦。尽管肺炎克氏菌在临床上非常重要，但目前还没有获得批准的肺炎克氏菌疫苗。在这里，我们测试了之前报道的两种针对肺炎克氏菌荚膜型 K2 和 O 抗原 O1v1 的生物结合疫苗的抗体持久性和长期功能性。我们证明，这两种抗体在小鼠体内的耐受时间长达六个月，并具有显著的 IgG 滴度。然而，只有 K2 型抗体在小鼠菌血症挑战模型中表现出血清杀菌活性和存活率，证明其在六个月内仍具有功能性。这些结果是证明生物结合疫苗的临床能力及其诱导持久抗体反应的又一充满希望的步骤。

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the BNT162B2 COVID-19 vaccine immune response in Brazilian indigenous adolescents 评估巴西土著青少年对 BNT162B2 COVID-19 疫苗的免疫反应。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126494

Laís Albuquerque de Oliveira , Isa Rita Brito de Morais , Silvana Beutinger Marchioro , Gabriel Barroso de Almeida , Gleyce Hllen de Almeida de Souza , Tiago da Silva Ferreira , Regina Rossoni , Dyjaene de Oliveira Barbosa , Vinicius João Navarini , Julio Croda , Alex José Leite Torres , Simone Simionatto

Background

COVID-19 vaccination of minors is crucial for global pandemic control, especially among indigenous populations, who are often more vulnerable due to limited healthcare resources and communal living settings.

Objectives

To assess the immunogenicity responses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in immunized Brazilian indigenous adolescents.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted with indigenous adolescents aged 12 to 18 years residing in the largest peri-urban indigenous region in Brazil. SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses were analyzed before (D1) and after (D2) completion of the vaccination schedule. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire.

Results

Of the 129 adolescents invited, 98 (75.96 %) participated in the study. Most were of Guarani ethnicity, single, had lower incomes, and were educated only to the elementary level. Post-vaccination, a statistically significant increase was noted in IgG concentration (24.03 % to 37.02 %). Increases were observed in B lymphocytes (11.88 to 13.92 cells/mm³), memory B cells (13.58 to 15.96 cells/mm³), NK cells (20.23 to 24.08 cells/mm³), and non-classical monocytes (9.23 to 11.34 cells/mm³), while CD8+ T cells decreased (24.41 to 21.69 cells/mm³). Adolescents with prior exposure to the virus showed increased levels of B lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells. No significant changes were observed in other cell subpopulations from exposure to the virus.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of antibodies and certain cell subpopulations were observed in vaccinated adolescents, confirming the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in maintaining humoral and cellular responses. This study is the first to describe data from indigenous minors vaccinated against COVID-19 with the BNT162b2 vaccine, highlighting the importance of vaccination efforts and the potential need for booster doses.

背景：为未成年人接种COVID-19疫苗对全球大流行病控制至关重要，尤其是在土著居民中，由于医疗资源有限和社区生活环境，他们往往更容易受到感染：评估巴西土著青少年接种 BNT162b2 疫苗后的免疫原性反应：对居住在巴西最大的城市周边土著地区的 12 至 18 岁土著青少年进行了一项队列研究。对完成疫苗接种计划之前（D1）和之后（D2）的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性免疫反应进行了分析。通过问卷调查收集了人口统计学数据：在受邀的 129 名青少年中，98 人（75.96%）参加了研究。他们大多是瓜拉尼族，单身，收入较低，只受过小学教育。接种疫苗后，IgG 浓度有明显增加（从 24.03% 增加到 37.02%）。B 淋巴细胞（11.88 至 13.92 个细胞/立方毫米）、记忆 B 细胞（13.58 至 15.96 个细胞/立方毫米）、NK 细胞（20.23 至 24.08 个细胞/立方毫米）和非典型单核细胞（9.23 至 11.34 个细胞/立方毫米）均有所增加，而 CD8+ T 细胞则有所减少（24.41 至 21.69 个细胞/立方毫米）。曾接触过病毒的青少年的 B 淋巴细胞和 CD8+ T 细胞水平有所增加。其他细胞亚群没有因接触病毒而发生明显变化：结论：在接种疫苗的青少年中观察到了抗体水平和某些细胞亚群的升高，证实了 BNT162b2 疫苗在维持体液和细胞反应方面的有效性。这项研究首次描述了使用 BNT162b2 疫苗接种 COVID-19 的土著未成年人的数据，强调了疫苗接种工作的重要性和加强剂量的潜在需求。

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引用次数: 0

The association of maternal mental health with vaccination coverage and timeliness in early childhood – A historical cohort study in England using electronic health records 产妇心理健康与幼儿期疫苗接种覆盖率和及时性的关系--利用电子健康记录在英格兰开展的历史队列研究。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126529

Anne M. Suffel , Helena Carreira , Jemma Walker , Daniel Grint , David Osborn , Helen I. McDonald , Charlotte Warren-Gash

Background

Maternal mental illness (MMI) affects almost a quarter of mothers and may impact a child's development and physical health. It remains unclear whether MMI is associated with altered utilization of vaccination services. Understanding this association could help to identify families in need of additional support.

Methods

Using primary care data from England, we conducted a historical cohort study of 397,519 children born in England between 2006 and 2014 with linked maternal records. Associations between different types of MMI (common mental disorders, severe mental illness and alcohol and substance use disorder) with childhood immunisation were explored using logistic regression for differences in coverage and accelerated failure time models for differences in timeliness before the child's fifth birthday.

Results

While there were no differences in vaccination coverage at the age of one, children of mothers with common mental disorders had lower odds of being vaccinated at the ages of two (OR 0.95, 95 %CI: 0.93–0.98) and five (OR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.84–0.89) in comparison to children of mothers with no record of MMI. Vaccination coverage was even lower for children of mothers with comorbid substance disorder and common mental disorder (OR 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.62–0.78 at the age of five). There were no significant differences in timeliness of vaccine receipt by MMI.

Conclusions

Inequalities in vaccination coverage associated with MMI grow with increasing age of the child. Extending support services for women with MMI beyond the child's first year of life could offer potential to improve vaccination uptake and reduce childhood infections.

背景：产妇精神疾病（MMI）影响着近四分之一的母亲，并可能影响儿童的发育和身体健康。目前仍不清楚产妇精神疾病是否与疫苗接种服务利用率的改变有关。了解这种关联有助于识别需要额外支持的家庭：我们利用英格兰的初级保健数据，对 2006 年至 2014 年间在英格兰出生的 397,519 名儿童进行了历史队列研究，并将母婴记录关联起来。我们使用逻辑回归法探讨了不同类型的精神障碍（常见精神障碍、严重精神疾病以及酒精和药物使用障碍）与儿童免疫接种之间的关系，并使用加速失败时间模型探讨了儿童五岁生日前免疫接种及时性的差异：虽然一岁时的疫苗接种覆盖率没有差异，但与没有精神障碍记录的母亲的子女相比，患有常见精神障碍的母亲的子女在两岁（OR 0.95，95 %CI：0.93-0.98）和五岁（OR 0.86，95 %CI：0.84-0.89）时接种疫苗的几率较低。母亲合并有药物紊乱和常见精神障碍的儿童的疫苗接种率甚至更低（5 岁时的 OR 为 0.70，95 % CI 为 0.62-0.78）。在接种疫苗的及时性方面，各母亲指数之间没有明显差异：结论：与 MMI 相关的疫苗接种覆盖率不平等随着儿童年龄的增长而扩大。将对产妇的支持服务扩展到孩子出生后的第一年，有可能提高疫苗接种率并减少儿童感染。

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引用次数: 0

Trends and characteristics of herpes zoster vaccination among older adults with asthma in the United States, 2008–2023: Findings from self-reported national surveys 2008-2023 年美国患有哮喘的老年人接种带状疱疹疫苗的趋势和特点：来自全国性自我报告调查的结果。

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126523

Chun-Tse Hung , Li-Min Wang , Yu-Chien Hung

Background

Asthma is a risk factor for herpes zoster. However, evidence regarding herpes zoster vaccination among patients with asthma is limited. Since the recommendations and availability of herpes zoster vaccines in the U.S. have changed over time, a comprehensive investigation into herpes zoster vaccination is crucial.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the trends and determinants of herpes zoster vaccination among U.S. adults with asthma aged 50 and over.

Methods

Data from the 2008–2023 National Health Interview Survey were used. Data were analyzed in October 2024. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to analyze trends in herpes zoster vaccination. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with herpes zoster vaccination.

Results

This study included 20,664 respondents, representing approximately 8.6 million U.S. adults with asthma aged 50 and over. From 2008 to 2023, a significantly increasing trend in herpes zoster vaccination was observed (average annual percent change = 13.48; 95 % CI, 9.35, 17.77; P < 0.01). This increasing trend was also observed when stratified by age groups. Several factors, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, educational level, income, asthma control, and flu vaccination, were associated with herpes zoster vaccination.

Conclusions

Over the past 16 years, herpes zoster vaccine coverage sharply increased among U.S. adults with asthma aged 50 and over. Disparities in several characteristics exist, underscoring the necessity for targeted policies and interventions to promote equity in herpes zoster vaccination rates.

背景：哮喘是带状疱疹的危险因素：哮喘是带状疱疹的一个危险因素。然而，有关哮喘患者接种带状疱疹疫苗的证据却很有限。由于美国对带状疱疹疫苗的建议和供应情况随着时间的推移发生了变化，因此对带状疱疹疫苗接种情况进行全面调查至关重要：本研究旨在评估 50 岁及以上患有哮喘的美国成年人接种带状疱疹疫苗的趋势和决定因素：方法：采用 2008-2023 年全国健康访谈调查的数据。对 2024 年 10 月的数据进行了分析。采用连接点回归分析法分析带状疱疹疫苗接种的趋势。使用多变量逻辑回归模型确定与带状疱疹疫苗接种相关的因素：这项研究包括 20,664 名受访者，代表了约 860 万 50 岁及以上患有哮喘的美国成年人。从 2008 年到 2023 年，带状疱疹疫苗接种率呈显著上升趋势（年均百分比变化 = 13.48；95 % CI，9.35，17.77；P 结论：在过去 16 年中，带状疱疹疫苗接种率呈显著上升趋势：在过去的 16 年中，美国 50 岁及以上患有哮喘的成年人中带状疱疹疫苗的接种率急剧上升。在一些特征方面存在着差异，这说明有必要制定有针对性的政策和干预措施，以促进带状疱疹疫苗接种率的公平性。

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引用次数: 0