Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Use of composite outcomes in cluster randomized control trials of influenza vaccines","authors":"Kingsley Cheng ,&nbsp;Eleanor Pullenayegum ,&nbsp;Pardeep Singh ,&nbsp;Mark Loeb","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite being widely used in other fields, composite outcomes are seldom used in influenza vaccine randomized trials. Vaccine trialists may benefit from the increased event rates and power of composite outcomes. We explored the use of a composite outcome on a series of randomized control trials conducted within Canadian Hutterite communities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from three blinded, cluster randomized control trials of pediatric influenza vaccination, we assessed the use of a composite outcome of antimicrobial prescription, school or work-related absenteeism, and medically attended visits for respiratory illness. Key comparisons between component outcomes and the composite included odds reduction, frequency, and confidence intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In Trial 1, 65 Hutterite colonies were randomly assigned to receive either the influenza vaccine or the hepatitis A vaccine. Among all season 1 and 3 participants in Trial 1, the composite outcome yielded a greater event rate, significance, precision, and a greater protective effect than its components. Within participants across all seasons in Trial 2, the composite yielded a greater event rate, lower significance, a null protective effect, and greater precision than two out of three of its components. Among all participants across all seasons in Trial 3, the composite outcome yielded a greater event rate and a weaker protective effect than its components, with no notable differences in precision or significance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Composite outcomes can be a viable approach to raise event rates and increase the precision of estimates in influenza vaccine trials and should be explored further within this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis on paediatric consultations: a time series study in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain (2022–2024)","authors":"O. Herráez Carrera ,&nbsp;F.J. Gómez-Romero ,&nbsp;R. Marín Sánchez ,&nbsp;J. Fernández Martin ,&nbsp;M.A. Martín Octavio ,&nbsp;L. Ruiz López ,&nbsp;M. Hernández Luengo","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections in infants and young children, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. In October 2023, the Spanish region of Castilla-La Mancha (79,463 km²; about 2 million inhabitants) implemented a general RSV immunoprophylaxis program targeting paediatric populations to decrease the number of cases, hospitalizations, and subsequent demand on paediatric services.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess the impact of RSV immunoprophylaxis on the demand for paediatric consultations in Castilla-La Mancha.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an observational, interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the effect of RSV immunoprophylaxis on the demand for paediatric consultations from January 2022 to July 2024, thus spanning pre- and post-immunoprophylaxis periods. The study used data from all 14 Integrated Health Management Units in Castilla-La Mancha that provide paediatric care to the entire region as part of the public health service. Descriptive analyses as well as inferential statistics (Poisson regression) were used on the time series data to detect differences between the pre- and post-immunoprophylaxis periods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 3,552,401 paediatric consultations, with 11,771 RSV antibody doses administered. Regarding the total number of paediatric consultations, no statistically significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-immunoprophylaxis periods. A combined analysis showed an 8.9% reduction in paediatric consultations following the start of the immunoprophylaxis programme (OR = 0.911; 95% CI: 0.909–0.913). The time series model, using aggregated data, suggested that RSV immunoprophylaxis reduced paediatric consultations by approximately 9.8% (intervention coefficient: -0.098; CI: −0.190 to 0.017).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Data indicate that RSV immunoprophylaxis leads to a significant decrease in paediatric consultations, suggesting that this immunoprophylaxis can alleviate pressure on primary healthcare services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritization of HPV vaccine preventable diseases among emerging adults – Implications for health education and communication","authors":"Evan G. Coblentz ,&nbsp;Caroline R. Packee ,&nbsp;Samantha L. Ky ,&nbsp;Avery G. Brubaker ,&nbsp;Trexie M. Rudd ,&nbsp;Abigale Fritsch ,&nbsp;Monica L. Kasting ,&nbsp;Shandey D. Malcolm","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging adults are at the highest risk for Human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV increases the risk of cervical, oropharyngeal, and anogenital cancers and skin lesions, leading to genital warts. However, many are unaware of the full spectrum of diseases associated with HPV. This study aimed to identify which HPV vaccine-preventable diseases are the highest priority among emerging adults and examine demographic factors related to prioritization, to inform education and communication strategies. Participants were recruited to complete a voluntary, one-time, online survey at two no-cost vaccine clinics in September and October 2024. This study is limited to respondents aged 18 to 25 (<em>n</em> = 454; 61.9% female; 54.8% non-Hispanic white). After being presented with a list of 7 HPV vaccine–preventable diseases, participants were asked to rank them in order of importance. Frequency analysis was conducted on the top-ranked outcome. Prioritization of outcomes, grouped by sex specificity (female, male, non-sex-specific) and latency (genital warts, cancers), was examined in relation to socio-demographic characteristics. Cervical cancer (26.87%), genital warts (19.82%), and oropharyngeal cancer (17.8%) were most often the highest priority. More females than males (68% vs. 3.47%) prioritized female-specific cancers, while more males than females (44.5% vs. 13.5%) prioritized non-sex-specific cancers (χ2 = 219.08; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Odds of prioritizing genital warts over cancers were higher among non-Hispanic Asian (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.28–3.76) and non-Hispanic other race (aOR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.32–5.68). HPV vaccine promotion should continue to emphasize all outcomes or be tailored to address the outcome priorities of each group, including males and racial minorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of information interventions in reducing HPV vaccine hesitancy: a randomized survey experiment in China","authors":"Yunshu Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Sen Xu ,&nbsp;Chengzhou Tang ,&nbsp;Iltaf Hussain ,&nbsp;Muhtar Kadirhaz ,&nbsp;Yi Dong ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Xu ,&nbsp;Da Feng ,&nbsp;Shunping Li ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Jie Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128205","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In September 2025 China announced the inclusion of HPV vaccination in its national immunization program; parental hesitancy remains the major modifiable barrier to rapid coverage expansion among school-age girls. Our study assessed the effectiveness of safety-focused, personal benefit, and collective benefit information interventions (vs. basic information alone) on parental HPV vaccine hesitancy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This double-blind, parallel-group randomized online survey was conducted in mainland China (November–December 2023). Parents of unvaccinated girls aged 9–14 years were recruited by quota sampling. Parents were screened as slight or high hesitancy by a single screening question and randomized to four groups. All received basic vaccine information, with groups additionally received: none (control), safety-focused, personal benefit, or collective benefit information. HPV vaccine hesitancy (VHS-HPV) was the primary outcome, parental willingness to pay (WTP) the secondary. Intervention effects were analyzed using generalized linear models with multiple-comparison–adjusted &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; values.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 1062 parents were randomized into four parallel groups (control, safety-focused, personal benefit, and collective benefit), with 1002 completing the survey and included in the analysis. Compared with the control group, VHS-HPV scores were significantly lower in groups exposed to the personal benefit message (difference, −0.85; 95 % CI, −1.69 to −0.19; adjusted &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.045) and the collective benefit message (difference, −1.08; 95 % CI, −1.89 to −0.27; adjusted &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.009). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed in the safety message group (−0.36; 95 % CI, −1.23 to 0.50; adjusted &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.410). The effects were more pronounced among parents with higher hesitancy, with significant differences of −2.39 (95 % CI, −4.36 to −0.42; adjusted &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.018) for the personal benefit group and − 3.02 (95 % CI, −4.96 to −1.08; adjusted &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.003) for the collective benefit group compared to the control, while no significant difference was observed for the safety message group in this subgroup (−1.32; 95 % CI, −3.42 to 0.78, adjusted &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.219). Moreover, no intervention significantly altered WTP.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this large online experiment, brief personal or collective benefit messages reduced parental HPV vaccine hesitancy beyond basic information alone, particularly among highly hesitant parents, without affecting WTP. Embedding such messaging into official digital communications could accelerate uptake under China's newly launched national program.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Trial registration&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Registered with the China Clinical Trial Registry under registration number ChiCTR2300073106 (Registered on July 1, 2023; Last Refreshed on: 2023-12-17. Available from: &lt;span&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle array patch delivery of Shigella flexneri 2a GMMA","authors":"Yoona Choi ,&nbsp;In-Jeong Choi ,&nbsp;Doo Hee Shim ,&nbsp;Hye-Ran Cha ,&nbsp;Francesca Mancini ,&nbsp;Diletta Collalto ,&nbsp;Emilia Cappelletti ,&nbsp;Carlo Giannelli ,&nbsp;Omar Rossi ,&nbsp;Francesca Micoli ,&nbsp;Danbi Kwon ,&nbsp;Aram Kang ,&nbsp;Hyeongdeok Sun ,&nbsp;Ji Seok Kim ,&nbsp;Jeong-Eun Choi ,&nbsp;Seung-Ki Baek ,&nbsp;Hae-Eun Lim ,&nbsp;Byung-Hoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jung-Hwan Park ,&nbsp;Jae Myun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Shigella</em> infections have long been a significant contributor to global diarrheal mortality, yet no approved <em>Shigella</em> vaccines are currently available. Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) has emerged as an innovative platform for developing vaccines against <em>Shigella.</em> Here, for the first time, this technology was combined with a microneedle array patch (MAP), a transdermal vaccine delivery system, as an attractive method to overcome the drawbacks of parenteral administration routes. First, we demonstrated that two types of MAPs, the coated (C-MAP) and powder-attached (P-MAP) formats, loaded with <em>Shigella flexneri</em> 2a GMMA maintained their quality throughout the manufacturing process and was stable during storage for one month. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity induced by the two GMMA MAP vaccines in mice. Both C-MAP and P-MAP elicited anti-OAg serum IgG and bactericidal antibodies comparable to those obtained <em>via</em> intramuscular (IM) injection of 5 μg/dose of OAg. Furthermore, P-MAP elicited the strongest long-term immunogenicity. Ultimately, P-MAP delivery of <em>S. flexneri</em> 2a GMMA induced the most robust and durable immune response, suggesting the possibility of combining these two platforms for <em>Shigella</em> vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TLR5 versus TLR7/8 agonist-dependent modulation of the early gene expression response to inactivated influenza virus vaccine in newborn nonhuman primates","authors":"Courtney L. Page ,&nbsp;Beth C. Holbrook ,&nbsp;Lance D. Miller ,&nbsp;Jason M. Grayson ,&nbsp;Martha A. Alexander-Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an urgent need for strategies that can improve vaccine immunogenicity, especially for vulnerable populations such as newborns and young infants. Growing evidence supports Toll-Like Receptor agonists (TLRa) as potent stimulatory molecules to increase vaccine efficacy. We have previously demonstrated that the inclusion of either flagellin (TLR5a) or R848 (TLR7/8a) in an inactivated influenza virus vaccine can improve responses in newborn NHP, with R848 being superior at providing protection upon challenge. This study aimed to identify early immune events triggered by either inactivated virus alone or in combination with R848 or flagellin using scRNA-seq analysis of draining lymph nodes (dLN) collected 24 h after vaccination. Our study reveals that globally, R848 enhanced gene expression associated with B cell activation, while flagellin was a stronger modulator of T cells. Analysis of distinct lymph node populations showed that surprisingly, while APCs had a potent transcriptional response to inactivated virus, we observed minimal additional changes in transcriptional activity with addition of a TLRa. In contrast, R848 had a potent effect on cellular translation, while flagellin resulted in increased expression of type I interferon genes in B cells. All vaccines resulted in a population of T cells bearing an interferon response signature that was further modified by TLRa inclusion. R848 uniquely increased the expression of genes involved with cellular migration and inflammation in this population, while flagellin increased genes involved in vesicular trafficking, cAMP responsiveness, and calcium signaling. Together, these results suggest R848 promotes newborn B cell activation and enhanced migration/retention in the dLN. In contrast, flagellin amplifies the type I interferon signature of B cells and had broad impacts on the responding T cell population. Our findings provide new insights into the modulation of early vaccine responses in newborns following administration of inactivated influenza virus, R848 and flagellin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental perceptions of adverse events associated with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Brazil","authors":"José Cassio de Moraes ,&nbsp;Karina Braga Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Juan C. Vargas-Zambrano ,&nbsp;Maria Josefa Penón Rújula","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To better understand parents/caregivers' perceptions of adverse events (AEs) associated with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine and the impact of family routine activities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using a parent-reported outcomes approach to describe the perception of AEs following immunization with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1260 parents/caregivers of children who received a whole-cell pentavalent vaccine were enrolled in the study. The most frequently reported AE was tenderness/pain at the injection site (72.4%). Parents/caregivers also reported at least some grade (a little bit more, moderate, or significant/severe) of redness at the injection site (25.2%), swelling (32.4%), a fever ≥38 °C (41.9%), vomiting (7%), and changes in appetite (27.1%), sleeping (34%), and crying (43.7%) patterns. Overall, 86.8% of the parents/caregivers reported at least one AE or change in the child's behavior. A significant positive gradient was observed, i.e., the higher the income, the higher the frequency of AEs/behavior change perceived by the parents/caregivers. The analysis by dose did not show significant differences, except for local pain/tenderness (77.6% vs. 73.5% for D1 and 65.4% for D3, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and changes in child's appetite (34.3% vs. 22.9% for D1 and 26% for D3, <em>p</em> = 0.001) that were more frequent among children receiving the first booster, while changes in child's sleeping (39.1% vs. 26% for D3 and 34.3% for the first booster, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and crying (49% vs. 37.7% for D3 and 42.2% for the first booster, <em>p</em> = 0.003) patterns were more frequent among those receiving D1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study showed that the reported AEs following wP-pentavalent vaccine significantly impact Brazilian children and their families. The switch to less reactogenic vaccines, such as aP hexavalent vaccine, can diminish this impact and contribute to recovering high VCR rates, avoiding outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B core antigen-based trivalent VLP vaccine against porcine viral diarrhea","authors":"Shouzhi Sheng ,&nbsp;Yixue Sun ,&nbsp;Jiayi Qin ,&nbsp;Jinghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Ao He ,&nbsp;Siqi Li ,&nbsp;Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Yanlong Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine viral diarrhea imposes substantial economic burdens on the swine industry. The commercial triplex-attenuated vaccine against TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV infections has limitations in preparation and efficacy. The Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg), known for its ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro and stably present exogenous antigens, serves as a critical technical foundation for the development of innovative nano-vaccines. In this study, we strategically concatenated truncated and full-length monomers of HBcAg, with the conserved linear neutralizing epitopes from TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV being respectively integrated exclusively into the truncated variants to develop a trivalent-VLP (triVLP) vaccine candidate for porcine viral diarrhea. The immunogenicity of triVLPs at two distinct dosages (25 μg and 50 μg) was then evaluated in BALB/c mice following their administration. Notably, the higher dosage of 50 μg triVLP was found to significantly enhance cellular immunity compared to the 25 μg triVLP group, as evidenced by the substantial increase in serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 observed at 35 days post-immunization (dpi). Furthermore, at 35 dpi, the IgG and virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titers against TGEV, PEDV, and PoRV in the 50 μg triVLP group were significantly higher than those observed in the group receiving the commercial triplex-attenuated vaccine, indicating a pronounced humoral immune response. Collectively, our data indicate that HBcAg-based trivalent VLPs elicit potent cellular and humoral immunity, positioning them as a prospective vaccine candidate for porcine viral diarrhea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gap: A qualitative assessment of limitations in school-age immunisation programme delivery for Orthodox Jewish children in northeast London","authors":"Ben Kasstan-Dabush ,&nbsp;Tehseen Khan ,&nbsp;Vanessa Saliba ,&nbsp;Tracey Chantler","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>School-based vaccine programme delivery offers convenience to parents, and reduces the burden on primary care capacity. Vaccine coverage among school-age children is lower in Hackney (northeast London), and post-pandemic coverage recovery has been limited in Hackney compared to London and England. Hackney is home to the largest Orthodox Jewish (OJ) population in Europe where most children attend independent faith schools. This study aimed to assess (i): vaccine programme delivery gaps via independent OJ schools in Hackney; and (ii) the primary care catch-up and commissioning strategies undertaken to help close gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Qualitative evaluations of national incident responses for poliovirus and measles tailored to underserved communities in northeast London (2022–24). Data consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>53</em>) with public health professionals, healthcare practitioners, community partners, and OJ parents. Vaccine clinic visits (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>11</em>) were conducted in northeast London, affording additional (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>43</em>) focused and opportunistic interviews with OJ parents attending for catch-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Evaluating the delivery of routine and outbreak vaccination campaigns to school-age children demonstrates that independent OJ schools in Hackney are a key programme delivery gap, directly impacting access to catch-up and routine adolescent programmes. OJ parents reported that they did not receive relevant vaccine programme information and invitations for school-age children via independent faith schools. Primary care-led outreach clinics were hosted to offer school-age immunisations to OJ adolescents, but did not offer HPV vaccines. Sub-commissioning community organisations to liaise with independent schools may be a strategy to help resolve this delivery gap, but would require responsibilities within school-age immunisation partnerships to be clearly assigned.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Limitations in vaccine programme delivery via independent faith schools in northeast London may play a role in suboptimal vaccination coverage. Programme gaps must be addressed to help ensure that every eligible child is invited for, and can access, routine vaccination via accessible pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness by sex among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness—IVY network, January 24, 2022–September 1, 2024","authors":"Elizabeth J. Harker ,&nbsp;Nathaniel M. Lewis ,&nbsp;Cassandra A. Johnson ,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Wesley H. Self ,&nbsp;Natasha Halasa ,&nbsp;James D. Chappell ,&nbsp;Carlos G. Grijalva ,&nbsp;Basmah Safdar ,&nbsp;Manju Gaglani ,&nbsp;Cristie Columbus ,&nbsp;Jay Steingrub ,&nbsp;Nathan Shapiro ,&nbsp;Abhijit Duggal ,&nbsp;Lawrence Busse ,&nbsp;Laurynn Giles ,&nbsp;Ithan Peltan ,&nbsp;David Hager ,&nbsp;Amira Mohamed ,&nbsp;Matthew Exline ,&nbsp;Sascha Ellington","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This analysis assessed differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severe in-hospital outcomes between U.S. male and female adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a multi-center network during 2022–2024. Compared with men, women hospitalized with influenza were less likely to smoke (21.5 % vs 25.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.02), to have COPD (21.9 % vs 22.7 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and to be admitted to an intensive care unit once hospitalized (17.3 % vs 20.7 %, <em>P</em> = 0.04). Influenza VE (95 % confidence interval [CI]) was significantly higher in women aged ≥50 years compared with men aged ≥50 years (48.5 % [39.2 %–56.4 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %–37.5 %]). VE was slightly lower in women aged 18–49 years compared with women ≥50 years (46.2 % [95 % CI: 24.2 %–61.8 % vs 61.3 % [41.0 %–74.6 %]) but significantly lower in men aged ≥50 years compared with men aged 18–49 years (61.3 % [41.0 %–74.6 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %–37.5 %]). Disaggregation of sex should be considered in future influenza VE studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23491,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 128192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}