Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n2a02
Mario Francisco Guerrero Pabón, Lesly L. Bareño, P. Puebla, A. San Feliciano
Background: Passiflora quadrangularis L. has antihypertensive and anxiolytic properties observed in experimental models. Objectives: The aim of this work was to establish the vascular effects exerted by two known monodesmosidic triterpene saponins, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolic acid (Compound 1) (not previously described for this plant) and, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (Compound 2), isolated from the ethanolic extract of Passiflora quadrangularis L. leaves. Methods: The structural elucidation was achieved by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Aortic rings from Wistar rats, previously stimulated with phenylephrine (PE, 1µM) and washed, were exposed to cumulatively concentrations of compound 1 and compound 2 (10 to 400 µM). Ethanolic extract from leaves of P. quadrangularis L. (10 to 320 µg/mL) and clonidine (1nM to 100µM) were also used for comparison. Concentration-response curves of compounds 1 and 2 were examined in presence and absence of: endothelium, the alpha-2 antagonist yohimbine (1 and 100 µM), the alpha non-selective antagonist phentolamine (1µM), the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin (1µM) and the calcium channel blocker verapamil (10 and 100 µM). In addition, a cumulative response curve of acetylcholine (ACh, 10nM to 10µM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1nM to 100µM) were assayed in rings precontracted with compounds 1 and 2 (400 µM). Results: Compounds 1 and 2 elicited a vasoconstriction response in intact aorta rings in a similar way (pEC50: 3.92±0.01 and 4.09±0.01, respectively), the effect that did not change in denuded rings (pEC50: 3.90±0.01 and 4.11±0.01). The potency order (pEC50) of compounds 1 and 2 decreased according to the following: verapamil (3.53±0.01 and 3.90±0.02; p<0.05) < yohimbine (3.65±0.01 and 3.94±0.02; p<0.05) < prazosin (3.86±0.01 and 4.30±0.02) < phentolamine (4.05±0.02 and 4.05±0.01). SNP but not ACh, was able to decrease the vasopressor effect of compounds 1 and 2 (pIC50: 8.61±0.01 and 8.24 ± 0.15, respectively). Conclusions: Compounds 1 and 2 are key metabolites responsible for the ex vivo vasoconstrictor response induced by P. quadrangularis L. Activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels and/or α2-adrenergic receptors stimulation could be mechanisms implicated.
背景:在实验模型中观察到西番莲具有抗高血压和抗焦虑的作用。目的:研究从西番莲叶乙醇提取物中分离的3-O-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃基齐墩果酸(化合物1)和3-O-[β- d -葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→2)-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃基]齐墩果酸(化合物2)对血管的影响。方法:采用核磁共振(NMR)实验和高分辨率质谱(HRMS)技术对其进行结构解析。Wistar大鼠的主动脉环，先前用苯肾上腺素(PE, 1µM)刺激并洗涤，暴露于累积浓度的化合物1和化合物2(10至400µM)中。同时，用四棱叶乙醇提取物(10 ~ 320µg/mL)和可乐定(1nM ~ 100µM)进行比较。在存在和不存在内皮、α -2拮抗剂育亨宾(1和100µM)、α -1非选择性拮抗剂酚妥拉明(1µM)、α -1拮抗剂吡唑嗪(1µM)和钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米(10和100µM)的情况下，检测化合物1和2的浓度-响应曲线。此外，测定了乙酰胆碱(ACh, 10nM ~ 10µM)和硝普钠(SNP, 1nM ~ 100µM)在化合物1和2(400µM)预缩环中的累积响应曲线。结果:化合物1和2对完整主动脉环的血管收缩作用相似(pEC50分别为3.92±0.01和4.09±0.01)，对剥去主动脉环的作用无明显变化(pEC50分别为3.90±0.01和4.11±0.01)。化合物1和2的效价顺序(pEC50)依次为:维拉帕米(3.53±0.01)和3.90±0.02;P <0.05) <育亨宾(3.65±0.01和3.94±0.02);P <0.05) <哌唑嗪(3.86±0.01和4.30±0.02)<酚妥拉明(4.05±0.02和4.05±0.01)。SNP能降低化合物1和化合物2的升压作用(pIC50分别为8.61±0.01和8.24±0.15)。结论:化合物1和2是四角藤诱导的体外血管收缩反应的关键代谢产物，其机制可能涉及激活电压依赖性钙通道和/或α2-肾上腺素能受体的刺激。
{"title":"VASCULAR MECHANISMS OF TRITERPENOID SAPONINS ISOLATED FROM Passiflora quadrangularis L.","authors":"Mario Francisco Guerrero Pabón, Lesly L. Bareño, P. Puebla, A. San Feliciano","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n2a02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n2a02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Passiflora quadrangularis L. has antihypertensive and anxiolytic properties observed in experimental models. Objectives: The aim of this work was to establish the vascular effects exerted by two known monodesmosidic triterpene saponins, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolic acid (Compound 1) (not previously described for this plant) and, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (Compound 2), isolated from the ethanolic extract of Passiflora quadrangularis L. leaves. Methods: The structural elucidation was achieved by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Aortic rings from Wistar rats, previously stimulated with phenylephrine (PE, 1µM) and washed, were exposed to cumulatively concentrations of compound 1 and compound 2 (10 to 400 µM). Ethanolic extract from leaves of P. quadrangularis L. (10 to 320 µg/mL) and clonidine (1nM to 100µM) were also used for comparison. Concentration-response curves of compounds 1 and 2 were examined in presence and absence of: endothelium, the alpha-2 antagonist yohimbine (1 and 100 µM), the alpha non-selective antagonist phentolamine (1µM), the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin (1µM) and the calcium channel blocker verapamil (10 and 100 µM). In addition, a cumulative response curve of acetylcholine (ACh, 10nM to 10µM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1nM to 100µM) were assayed in rings precontracted with compounds 1 and 2 (400 µM). Results: Compounds 1 and 2 elicited a vasoconstriction response in intact aorta rings in a similar way (pEC50: 3.92±0.01 and 4.09±0.01, respectively), the effect that did not change in denuded rings (pEC50: 3.90±0.01 and 4.11±0.01). The potency order (pEC50) of compounds 1 and 2 decreased according to the following: verapamil (3.53±0.01 and 3.90±0.02; p<0.05) < yohimbine (3.65±0.01 and 3.94±0.02; p<0.05) < prazosin (3.86±0.01 and 4.30±0.02) < phentolamine (4.05±0.02 and 4.05±0.01). SNP but not ACh, was able to decrease the vasopressor effect of compounds 1 and 2 (pIC50: 8.61±0.01 and 8.24 ± 0.15, respectively). Conclusions: Compounds 1 and 2 are key metabolites responsible for the ex vivo vasoconstrictor response induced by P. quadrangularis L. Activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels and/or α2-adrenergic receptors stimulation could be mechanisms implicated.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86892904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n2a01
Tania Alejandra Vargas-Salazar, K. Wilkinson, J. Urquiaga-Zavaleta, Antonio Ricardo Rodríguez-Zevallos
Background: Although legume protein extracts are useful in food preparation and processing as foam stabilizers and as viscosity, palatability and nutrition enhancers, many legume proteins from South America have not been characterized extensively. One such legume is the ñuña bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which is cooked using dry heat until the cotyledons rapidly expand with a pop. The bean is widely cultivated in the Andes, but almost unknown elsewhere. Objective & Methods: In this study, we characterized ten functional properties of a ñuña protein extract using standard food analysis methods. Results: The extract was similar to other legume protein extracts for many properties (amino acid profile, proximate analysis, yield, water absorption, color, isoelectric point, and thermogravimetric analysis). The electrophoretic analysis revealed that the sample was nearly pure phaseolin. Additionally, the ability to form foam and increase solution viscosity were comparatively low when contrasted to other extracts. Conclusion: These properties make ñuña protein extract useful as a nearly pure phaseolin nutrition enhancer in beverages where foaming and high viscosity are undesirable, such as in fortified beverages, drinkable yogurts, or protein supplements. The extract may also have relevance as a weight-loss supplement. Therefore, we expect that incorporating ñuña protein in processed foods would be a straightforward process.
{"title":"PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ÑUÑA (Andean popping) BEAN PROTEIN EXTRACT","authors":"Tania Alejandra Vargas-Salazar, K. Wilkinson, J. Urquiaga-Zavaleta, Antonio Ricardo Rodríguez-Zevallos","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n2a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n2a01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although legume protein extracts are useful in food preparation and processing as foam stabilizers and as viscosity, palatability and nutrition enhancers, many legume proteins from South America have not been characterized extensively. One such legume is the ñuña bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which is cooked using dry heat until the cotyledons rapidly expand with a pop. The bean is widely cultivated in the Andes, but almost unknown elsewhere. Objective & Methods: In this study, we characterized ten functional properties of a ñuña protein extract using standard food analysis methods. Results: The extract was similar to other legume protein extracts for many properties (amino acid profile, proximate analysis, yield, water absorption, color, isoelectric point, and thermogravimetric analysis). The electrophoretic analysis revealed that the sample was nearly pure phaseolin. Additionally, the ability to form foam and increase solution viscosity were comparatively low when contrasted to other extracts. Conclusion: These properties make ñuña protein extract useful as a nearly pure phaseolin nutrition enhancer in beverages where foaming and high viscosity are undesirable, such as in fortified beverages, drinkable yogurts, or protein supplements. The extract may also have relevance as a weight-loss supplement. Therefore, we expect that incorporating ñuña protein in processed foods would be a straightforward process.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80189008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-10DOI: 10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n1a02
Laura Bolívar Parra, Paula Andrea Giraldo Hincapié, Olga Inés Montoya Campuzano
Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are of special interest in the food industry due to their ability to produce metabolites. Among them, bacteriocins, which can inhibit the growth of altering microorganisms, and pathogens in a wide variety of foods, are considered safe for human consumption and are used as preservatives. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of a bacteriocin found by in silico methods on the microbiota present in Antioquian soft cheese. Methods: In this research, we design a synthetic bacteriocin, called Bac 22, found in the genome of Lactobacillus casei using the genomic mining methodology and bioinformatics tools. We also conducted a preliminary biological and hemolytic activities studies of the Bac 22 toward the microbiota present in the Antioquian soft cheese (Quesito Antioqueño). Results: The bacteriocin Bac 22 at a concentration of 100 μM presented a hemolytic capacity lower than 1% and reduced the CFU / g of total coliforms significantly when added to Antioquian soft cheese for eight days. Conclusions: The Bac 22 demonstrated a positive potential effect over the shelf life of a dairy product, such as the Antioquian soft cheese.
{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A SYNTHETIC BACTERIOCIN FOUND IN THE GENOME OF LACTOBACILLUS CASEI ON THE MICROBIOTA OF ANTIOQUIAN SOFT CHEESE (QUESITO ANTIOQUEÑO)","authors":"Laura Bolívar Parra, Paula Andrea Giraldo Hincapié, Olga Inés Montoya Campuzano","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n1a02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v27n1a02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are of special interest in the food industry due to their ability to produce metabolites. Among them, bacteriocins, which can inhibit the growth of altering microorganisms, and pathogens in a wide variety of foods, are considered safe for human consumption and are used as preservatives. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of a bacteriocin found by in silico methods on the microbiota present in Antioquian soft cheese. Methods: In this research, we design a synthetic bacteriocin, called Bac 22, found in the genome of Lactobacillus casei using the genomic mining methodology and bioinformatics tools. We also conducted a preliminary biological and hemolytic activities studies of the Bac 22 toward the microbiota present in the Antioquian soft cheese (Quesito Antioqueño). Results: The bacteriocin Bac 22 at a concentration of 100 μM presented a hemolytic capacity lower than 1% and reduced the CFU / g of total coliforms significantly when added to Antioquian soft cheese for eight days. Conclusions: The Bac 22 demonstrated a positive potential effect over the shelf life of a dairy product, such as the Antioquian soft cheese.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"425 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81672025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-09DOI: 10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n3a02
I. C. Zapata Vahos, Susana Ochoa Agudelo, Andrés Felipe Alzate Arbeláez, A. D. Zapata Zapata, B. Rojano
BACKGROUND: Vaccinium meridionale presents fruits with a high content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins and therefore a high antioxidant capacity. OBJECTIVE: The aim was the production of vinegar from three treatments of berries alcohol beverage, to evaluate its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. METHODS: Vinegars were prepared by acetic fermentation from alcoholic beverages of Andean berries by three treatments: mechanical maceration, heating, and mixing. The titratable acidity and acetic acid content were evaluated in the vinegar; antioxidant potential (DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC); content of antioxidant metabolites (total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, and phenolic hydroxycinnamic acids) were evaluated in the juice, alcoholic beverages, and vinegar; the antiproliferative capacity in colon cancer cell SW480 was determined in vinegar. RESULTS: Alcoholic beverages presented the main antioxidant activity. However, after the acetic fermentation, it was observed a fall in the antioxidant potential in all techniques evaluated in three treatments. The vinegar obtained by heated and mixed treatments were presented the highest values in antioxidant activity, phenols, and anthocyanins. Antiproliferative activity inhibitions of vinegars in cell viability were 6.2% (20 μg/mL) and 22.5% (200 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Production of acetic acid is independent of the treatment. The antioxidant activity is favored in alcoholic beverages with the treatment of hot maceration. Andean berry CAL vinegar has antiproliferative activity, inhibiting a colon carcinoma SW480 line although in a low amount compared with reports in the literature.
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF VINEGAR FROM AN ALCOHOLIC 1 BEVERAGE OF 2 ANDEAN BERRY (Vaccinium meridionale SW), MEASUREMENT OF 3 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC EFFECT ON 4 COLON CANCER CELLS SW480","authors":"I. C. Zapata Vahos, Susana Ochoa Agudelo, Andrés Felipe Alzate Arbeláez, A. D. Zapata Zapata, B. Rojano","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n3a02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n3a02","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Vaccinium meridionale presents fruits with a high content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins and therefore a high antioxidant capacity. \u0000OBJECTIVE: The aim was the production of vinegar from three treatments of berries alcohol beverage, to evaluate its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. \u0000METHODS: Vinegars were prepared by acetic fermentation from alcoholic beverages of Andean berries by three treatments: mechanical maceration, heating, and mixing. The titratable acidity and acetic acid content were evaluated in the vinegar; antioxidant potential (DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC); content of antioxidant metabolites (total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, and phenolic hydroxycinnamic acids) were evaluated in the juice, alcoholic beverages, and vinegar; the antiproliferative capacity in colon cancer cell SW480 was determined in vinegar. \u0000RESULTS: Alcoholic beverages presented the main antioxidant activity. However, after the acetic fermentation, it was observed a fall in the antioxidant potential in all techniques evaluated in three treatments. The vinegar obtained by heated and mixed treatments were presented the highest values in antioxidant activity, phenols, and anthocyanins. Antiproliferative activity inhibitions of vinegars in cell viability were 6.2% (20 μg/mL) and 22.5% (200 μg/mL). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Production of acetic acid is independent of the treatment. The antioxidant activity is favored in alcoholic beverages with the treatment of hot maceration. Andean berry CAL vinegar has antiproliferative activity, inhibiting a colon carcinoma SW480 line although in a low amount compared with reports in the literature.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87757141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-12DOI: 10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n3a01
J. A. Pereañez, L. Preciado, L. Romero
Background: Toxinology is a field of toxicology involved in studying toxins from animals, plants and microorganisms. In Colombia, in last thirty years, this area has been mainly studied by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo of the Universidad de Antioquia, however, some other research groups have been also contributed in our knowledge of venoms, toxin, effects and treatments. Objective: highlights the most important findings in toxinology made by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo and other research groups in Colombia. Methods: we collected and analyze119 manuscripts dealing with the history of ophidiology and toxinology in Colombia. Results: we describe some useful terms to understand the toxinology and their scopes. In addition, we build a brief history of ophidiology beginning with the period corresponding to the discovery of America, and ending with recent findings. Finally, we perform a great description of several results related to toxin isolation, characterization, antivenoms, clinical trials, new species descriptions, pretoemic and transcriptomic, among other. The nineteens was characterized by the study of snakebites, their clinic manifestations and the use of antivenoms. In addition, the ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants used in snakebite treatments began to be explored. The 2000s included the newly ethnopharmacology, toxin isolation, clinical trials, inhibitor studies, scorpion venom characterization and scorpion stings features. Finally, from 2010 until today, proteomic and transcriptomic gave the most important findings. Conclusions: Toxinology works in Colombia have contributed in our knowledge about endemic species, clinical manifestations of snakebites and scorpion stings, however, we invite to Colciencias and other funding agencies to have more resources in order to support more researchers in this field, since, snakebite is a public neglected disease and need more attention from governments and academic people. Finally, we still have ignorance about the venoms of some species and their possible mode of action. In addition, given the complexity of venoms, we ignore the potential use of toxins in current biomedicine. Thus, we must continue performing studies in toxinology.
{"title":"TOXINOLOGY IN COLOMBIA: CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROGRAMA DE OFIDISMO/ESCORPIONISMO AND OTHER RESEARCH GROUPS","authors":"J. A. Pereañez, L. Preciado, L. Romero","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n3a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n3a01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxinology is a field of toxicology involved in studying toxins from animals, plants and microorganisms. In Colombia, in last thirty years, this area has been mainly studied by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo of the Universidad de Antioquia, however, some other research groups have been also contributed in our knowledge of venoms, toxin, effects and treatments. Objective: highlights the most important findings in toxinology made by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo and other research groups in Colombia. Methods: we collected and analyze119 manuscripts dealing with the history of ophidiology and toxinology in Colombia. Results: we describe some useful terms to understand the toxinology and their scopes. In addition, we build a brief history of ophidiology beginning with the period corresponding to the discovery of America, and ending with recent findings. Finally, we perform a great description of several results related to toxin isolation, characterization, antivenoms, clinical trials, new species descriptions, pretoemic and transcriptomic, among other. The nineteens was characterized by the study of snakebites, their clinic manifestations and the use of antivenoms. In addition, the ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants used in snakebite treatments began to be explored. The 2000s included the newly ethnopharmacology, toxin isolation, clinical trials, inhibitor studies, scorpion venom characterization and scorpion stings features. Finally, from 2010 until today, proteomic and transcriptomic gave the most important findings. Conclusions: Toxinology works in Colombia have contributed in our knowledge about endemic species, clinical manifestations of snakebites and scorpion stings, however, we invite to Colciencias and other funding agencies to have more resources in order to support more researchers in this field, since, snakebite is a public neglected disease and need more attention from governments and academic people. Finally, we still have ignorance about the venoms of some species and their possible mode of action. In addition, given the complexity of venoms, we ignore the potential use of toxins in current biomedicine. Thus, we must continue performing studies in toxinology.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79682685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A02
J. A. Muñoz, Carlos Arturo Mojica Sánchez, Helmer Muñoz
Background: The production quality of rice is highly depended on the drying process as drying weakens the rice kernel. A look at the production process of rice in the industry was taken. The drying of rice influences the storage capacity of the grain, the energy consumption, the final mass of the grain and the percentage of whole grains at the end of the process. Objective: The main objective was to analyse the drying of rice by making an artificial neural network to model and simulate it. Methods: The modeling of a rice drying process using neural networks was presented. These models are suitable to be used in combination with model-based control strategies in order to improve the drying process. The implementation, preprocessing and data retrieval for the design of an artificial neural system was analyzed. Controlling the drying factors is of major importance. Feedforward and dynamic neural networks were compared based on their performance. Results: It was concluded that when some part of the dataset is given as training, even with one dataset, a back-propagation network simulates very well the other parts of the drying curve. It can be said that the approximations done by the networks to obtain a nonlinear model of the rice drying process are quiet good. Conclusions: Firstly, because of the too little data available for training, the networks were not as good as expected. More data is needed to realy have a powerfull network capable of approximated very well the drying curve. Secondly, a backpropagation network can be a good solution for modelling and for use in a controller if more data is available, in contrast a linear network gave bad results. thirdly, a network with little number of layers is the best option. A perfect mapping from the input to the output is impossible due the differences in each test and the imperfect sensors.
{"title":"Nonlinear model of a rice drying process using neural networks","authors":"J. A. Muñoz, Carlos Arturo Mojica Sánchez, Helmer Muñoz","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The production quality of rice is highly depended on the drying process as drying weakens the rice kernel. A look at the production process of rice in the industry was taken. The drying of rice influences the storage capacity of the grain, the energy consumption, the final mass of the grain and the percentage of whole grains at the end of the process. Objective: The main objective was to analyse the drying of rice by making an artificial neural network to model and simulate it. Methods: The modeling of a rice drying process using neural networks was presented. These models are suitable to be used in combination with model-based control strategies in order to improve the drying process. The implementation, preprocessing and data retrieval for the design of an artificial neural system was analyzed. Controlling the drying factors is of major importance. Feedforward and dynamic neural networks were compared based on their performance. Results: It was concluded that when some part of the dataset is given as training, even with one dataset, a back-propagation network simulates very well the other parts of the drying curve. It can be said that the approximations done by the networks to obtain a nonlinear model of the rice drying process are quiet good. Conclusions: Firstly, because of the too little data available for training, the networks were not as good as expected. More data is needed to realy have a powerfull network capable of approximated very well the drying curve. Secondly, a backpropagation network can be a good solution for modelling and for use in a controller if more data is available, in contrast a linear network gave bad results. thirdly, a network with little number of layers is the best option. A perfect mapping from the input to the output is impossible due the differences in each test and the imperfect sensors.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"41 1","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75435374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A04
D. Torres, Camilo Reyes-Dieck, E. Gallego, A. Gómez-García, Gladys Irene Arboleda Posada, M. Maldonado-Celis
Background: Andean berry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a native Colombian berry with potential health benefit comparable to cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), both rich in phenolic compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of Andean berry consumption on blood biochemical parameters (lipid profile and glucose), anthropometric parameters (body weight, waist circumference, body mass index or BMI) and blood pressure of overweight adults. Methods: glycemia, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total triglycerides in blood serum, body weight, size and waist perimeter, and blood pressure were analyzed in 25 overweight adults at day 1 and 21 after consumption of 35 g/day of osmodehydrated Andean berry. Results: a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (10%, p = 0.0388), systolic blood pressure (6%, p = 0.0400), BMI (1.7%, p = 0.0306), weight (2%, p = 0.0388) and waist circumference (4.1%, p = 0.0052) were observed in the participants who completed the study. However, the lipid profile did not have a significant effect, the glycemia increased significantly (6.9%, p = 0.0004). Conclusions: the results of the present study suggest that the regular consumption of Andean berry treated by osmotic dehydration is a food that may help control weight and blood pressure; however, it requires another type of osmotic agent to prevent the increase of glycemia.
{"title":"IMPACT OF OSMODEHYDRATED ANDEAN BERRY (VACCINIUM MERIDIONALE SWARTZ) ON OVERWEIGHT ADULTS","authors":"D. Torres, Camilo Reyes-Dieck, E. Gallego, A. Gómez-García, Gladys Irene Arboleda Posada, M. Maldonado-Celis","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Andean berry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a native Colombian berry with potential health benefit comparable to cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), both rich in phenolic compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of Andean berry consumption on blood biochemical parameters (lipid profile and glucose), anthropometric parameters (body weight, waist circumference, body mass index or BMI) and blood pressure of overweight adults. Methods: glycemia, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total triglycerides in blood serum, body weight, size and waist perimeter, and blood pressure were analyzed in 25 overweight adults at day 1 and 21 after consumption of 35 g/day of osmodehydrated Andean berry. Results: a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (10%, p = 0.0388), systolic blood pressure (6%, p = 0.0400), BMI (1.7%, p = 0.0306), weight (2%, p = 0.0388) and waist circumference (4.1%, p = 0.0052) were observed in the participants who completed the study. However, the lipid profile did not have a significant effect, the glycemia increased significantly (6.9%, p = 0.0004). Conclusions: the results of the present study suggest that the regular consumption of Andean berry treated by osmotic dehydration is a food that may help control weight and blood pressure; however, it requires another type of osmotic agent to prevent the increase of glycemia.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"21 1","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86937487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A03
Leidy Maritza Sierra Lopera, Cindy Tatiana Sepúlveda Rincón, Priscilla Vásquez Mazo, Omar Alfredo Figueroa Moreno, J. Z. Montoya
Antecedentes: la creciente produccion de acuicultura en todo el mundo genera un impacto ambiental importante debido a su volumen de desechos, que alcanza casi el 60%. Estos subproductos tienen importantes niveles de proteinas y lipidos que se pueden revalorizar para obtener productos de interes para las industrias farmaceutica y alimentaria, como los peptidos bioactivos y las propiedades funcionales. Recientemente, se han aplicado tecnologias para el aislamiento y la purificacion de peptidos bioactivos de acuerdo con su peso molecular, como las tecnicas de separacion con membrana y la cromatografia. Actualmente, hay productos comerciales de hidrolizados de proteinas de pescado que se pueden usar en aplicaciones nutricionales y farmaceuticas como fuente. De aminoacidos con diferentes funciones fisiologicas. Objetivo: Dar informacion sobre subproductos de la acuicultura , metodos de hidrolisis, metodos de purificacion, peptidos bioactivos y propiedades funcionales y suplementos nutricionales. Metodos: Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library y Scopus se revisaron utilizando las palabras clave productos de acuicultura, hidrolisis de proteinas, peptidos bioactivos y propiedades funcionales. Conclusiones: esta revision es una breve descripcion del uso de subproductos de la acuicultura que utilizan diferentes tipos de procesos de hidrolisis y sus multiples aplicaciones en varias industrias.
{"title":"Byproducts of aquaculture processes: development and prospective uses. Review","authors":"Leidy Maritza Sierra Lopera, Cindy Tatiana Sepúlveda Rincón, Priscilla Vásquez Mazo, Omar Alfredo Figueroa Moreno, J. Z. Montoya","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A03","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: la creciente produccion de acuicultura en todo el mundo genera un impacto ambiental importante debido a su volumen de desechos, que alcanza casi el 60%. Estos subproductos tienen importantes niveles de proteinas y lipidos que se pueden revalorizar para obtener productos de interes para las industrias farmaceutica y alimentaria, como los peptidos bioactivos y las propiedades funcionales. Recientemente, se han aplicado tecnologias para el aislamiento y la purificacion de peptidos bioactivos de acuerdo con su peso molecular, como las tecnicas de separacion con membrana y la cromatografia. Actualmente, hay productos comerciales de hidrolizados de proteinas de pescado que se pueden usar en aplicaciones nutricionales y farmaceuticas como fuente. De aminoacidos con diferentes funciones fisiologicas. Objetivo: Dar informacion sobre subproductos de la acuicultura , metodos de hidrolisis, metodos de purificacion, peptidos bioactivos y propiedades funcionales y suplementos nutricionales. Metodos: Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library y Scopus se revisaron utilizando las palabras clave productos de acuicultura, hidrolisis de proteinas, peptidos bioactivos y propiedades funcionales. Conclusiones: esta revision es una breve descripcion del uso de subproductos de la acuicultura que utilizan diferentes tipos de procesos de hidrolisis y sus multiples aplicaciones en varias industrias.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"95 9 1","pages":"128-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87683779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A01
Alejandro Franco-Aguilar, D. Granda-Restrepo, Juan Diego Torres Oquendo
Nowadays, obesity is considered one of the biggest problems in public health, by its high prevalence and the relationship between the not chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others. At the global level, over-weight is increased not only in high-income countries, but mainly in the low and medium, substantially in urban environments. In developing countries close to 35 million people were identified with this problem, while that developed the amount just reaches 8 million.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD FOR AN INCREASINGLY OVERWEIGHT POPULATION","authors":"Alejandro Franco-Aguilar, D. Granda-Restrepo, Juan Diego Torres Oquendo","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A01","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, obesity is considered one of the biggest problems in public health, by its high prevalence and the relationship between the not chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, \u0000dyslipidemia, among others. At the global level, over-weight is increased not only in high-income countries, but mainly in the low and medium, substantially in urban environments. In developing countries close to 35 million people were identified with this problem, while that developed the amount just reaches 8 million.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"74 1","pages":"118-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74157856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A05
A. Sallau, R. Yakubu, S. Aliyu, A. Salihu, Boniface
Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Terpenoid-rich extract from Momordica charantia on α-glucosidase activity. Method: The inhibitory effect of the Terpenoid-rich extract from Momordica charantia on the activity of alpha glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as determination of mode of inhibition were investigated using in vitro assay methods. Results: The results revealed that the terpenoid-rich extract had a high IC 50 of 1.60 mg/ml. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that the extract exhibited partial mixed–type inhibition of α-glucosidase. Conclusion: It can be inferred from this study that although terpenoid-rich extract inhibited alpha glucosidase, further purification will be necessary on the extract so as to increase its potency as an inhibitor of alpha glucosidase. The action of the extract on alpha glucosidase provided an insight into the probable mechanism of action of Momordica charantia in reducing hyperglycemia.
{"title":"IN VITRO EFFECT OF TERPENOIDS - RICH EXTRACT OF Momordica charantia ON ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY","authors":"A. Sallau, R. Yakubu, S. Aliyu, A. Salihu, Boniface","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V25N3A05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Terpenoid-rich extract from Momordica charantia on α-glucosidase activity. Method: The inhibitory effect of the Terpenoid-rich extract from Momordica charantia on the activity of alpha glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as determination of mode of inhibition were investigated using in vitro assay methods. Results: The results revealed that the terpenoid-rich extract had a high IC 50 of 1.60 mg/ml. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that the extract exhibited partial mixed–type inhibition of α-glucosidase. Conclusion: It can be inferred from this study that although terpenoid-rich extract inhibited alpha glucosidase, further purification will be necessary on the extract so as to increase its potency as an inhibitor of alpha glucosidase. The action of the extract on alpha glucosidase provided an insight into the probable mechanism of action of Momordica charantia in reducing hyperglycemia.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"13 1","pages":"148-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85694251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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