Pub Date : 2016-12-26DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A02
A. Chávez‐Martínez
Background: Ready to eat sliced-cooked-meat-products (RTE) are popular convenience foods. Slicing of such products at retail point is a common practice in supermarkets. Due to handling, as well as the supermarket environment, it has been suggested that the counts and presence of specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in these products may be associated with their rapid deterioration and short shelf life. Objectives: The aim was to quantify and identify LAB in commercial sliced cooked ham. Methods: Thirty samples of sliced cooked ham were collected from five supermarkets. Each sample was analyzed in terms of: Lactobacillus on De Man Rogosa, Sharpe agar (30°C), mesophilic (30°C) and thermophilic (37oC ) Streptococcus on M17 agar containing 1% lactose, Lactococcus on LM17 agar containing 100 µg per liter of cycloheximide (25°C) and Enterococci on Kanamicin Aesculin Azide agar containing kanamycin (37°C), all under anaerobic conditions (Gas-Pack System®, BBL) for 48-72h. Twenty-one colonies were randomly picked and physiologically and biochemically characterized. Results: No difference was observed in genuses between supermarkets; however, significant differences were observed between microbial genuses. Enterococci showed the lowest count (2.34 ± 0.05 log10 CFU/g) and Lactobacilli had the highest counts (5.98 ± 0.04 log10 CFU/g). Of the strains isolated 23.8% were identified as thermophillic Lactobacillus, 23.8% mesophilic Lactobacillus, 28.6% Enterococcus, 14.3% Lactococcus and 9.5% Streptococcus. From these, only six could be characterized to species level; one was L.lactis subsp. lactis and five were L. amylolyticus. Conclusions: High LAB counts are a common cause of spoilage in RTE meat products, since these are commonly found in meat environments. Therefore a study on the processing, distribution and in-site handling of RTE meat products at supermarkets may be necessary in order to increase its shelf life.
{"title":"Prevalence of lactic acid bacteria in sliced cooked ham as an indicator of its shelf life","authors":"A. Chávez‐Martínez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ready to eat sliced-cooked-meat-products (RTE) are popular convenience foods. Slicing of such products at retail point is a common practice in supermarkets. Due to handling, as well as the supermarket environment, it has been suggested that the counts and presence of specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in these products may be associated with their rapid deterioration and short shelf life. Objectives: The aim was to quantify and identify LAB in commercial sliced cooked ham. Methods: Thirty samples of sliced cooked ham were collected from five supermarkets. Each sample was analyzed \u0000in terms of: Lactobacillus on De Man Rogosa, Sharpe agar (30°C), mesophilic (30°C) and thermophilic (37oC ) Streptococcus on M17 agar containing 1% lactose, Lactococcus on LM17 agar containing 100 µg per liter of cycloheximide (25°C) and Enterococci on Kanamicin Aesculin Azide agar containing kanamycin (37°C), all under anaerobic conditions (Gas-Pack System®, BBL) for 48-72h. Twenty-one colonies were randomly picked and physiologically and biochemically characterized. Results: No difference was observed in genuses between supermarkets; however, significant differences were observed between microbial genuses. Enterococci showed the lowest count (2.34 ± 0.05 log10 CFU/g) and Lactobacilli had the highest counts (5.98 ± 0.04 log10 CFU/g). Of the strains isolated 23.8% were identified as thermophillic Lactobacillus, 23.8% mesophilic Lactobacillus, 28.6% Enterococcus, 14.3% Lactococcus and 9.5% Streptococcus. From these, only six could be characterized to species level; one was L.lactis subsp. lactis and five were L. amylolyticus. Conclusions: High LAB counts are a common cause of spoilage in RTE meat products, since these are commonly found in meat environments. Therefore a study on the processing, distribution and \u0000in-site handling of RTE meat products at supermarkets may be necessary in order to increase its shelf life.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"79 7","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91478934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-26DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A06
Camilo Villegas, W. Albarracín
Antecedentes: en los ultimos anos ha incrementado el interes por el consumo de frutas en estado fresco debido al potencial nutricional que estas contienen, ademas, por el alto consumo energetico que se generan en la aplicacion de una cadena en frio, se ha incursionado en la aplicacion de recubrimientos comestibles como una tecnica alternativa para la conservacion de frutas, Objetivos: por tal razon este trabajo tuvo como objetivo aplicar un recubrimiento a base de hidroxipropil metilcelulosa con la inclusion de cera de abejas en mora de castilla y evaluar su efecto en la conservacion de esta fruta, Metodos: se trabajo con un diseno multifactorial categorico y el analisis estadistico utilizado fue el LSD de Fisher con un nivel de confianza del 95%; se determinaron las propiedades fisiologicas tales como la respiracion y la perdida de peso, y propiedades fisicoquimicas tales como el pH, acidez titulable, solidos solubles y el indice de maduracion durante un periodo de 15 dias a una temperatura de 4°C, Resultados: se obtuvo diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre los tratamientos evaluados a partir del dia 3 de almacenamiento tanto para los parametros fisicoquimicos como fisiologicos. La acidez titulable tuvo un decrecimiento marcado en el tratamiento control (T5) con respecto a los tratamientos donde se aplico los recubrimientos (T1, T2, T3, T4) donde el descenso de la acidez fue menor. Por otro lado, la perdida de peso, los solidos solubles totales, el pH, el indice de maduracion y el indice de respiracion incrementaron a medida que el tiempo de almacenamiento transcurrio, y se obtuvo que las moras tratadas con los recubrimientos tuvieron un incremento menor con respecto a las moras sin recubrimiento, Conclusiones: los recubrimientos comestibles aplicados a la mora de castilla tuvieron un efecto positivo sobre las propiedades evaluadas en la mora de castilla, siendo los mejores tratamientos el T3 y T4, en general, la aplicacion de un recubrimiento comestible a base de hidroxipropil metilcelulosa y cera de abejas logro aumentar la vida util de la mora de castilla.
{"title":"Aplicación y efecto de un recubrimiento comestible sobre la vida útil de la mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)","authors":"Camilo Villegas, W. Albarracín","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A06","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: en los ultimos anos ha incrementado el interes por el consumo de frutas en estado fresco debido al potencial nutricional que estas contienen, ademas, por el alto consumo energetico que se generan en la aplicacion de una cadena en frio, se ha incursionado en la aplicacion de recubrimientos comestibles como una tecnica alternativa para la conservacion de frutas, Objetivos: por tal razon este trabajo tuvo como objetivo aplicar un recubrimiento a base de hidroxipropil metilcelulosa con la inclusion de cera de abejas en mora de castilla y evaluar su efecto en la conservacion de esta fruta, Metodos: se trabajo con un diseno multifactorial categorico y el analisis estadistico utilizado fue el LSD de Fisher con un nivel de confianza del 95%; se determinaron las propiedades fisiologicas tales como la respiracion y la perdida de peso, y propiedades fisicoquimicas tales como el pH, acidez titulable, solidos solubles y el indice de maduracion durante un periodo de 15 dias a una temperatura de 4°C, Resultados: se obtuvo diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre los tratamientos evaluados a \u0000partir del dia 3 de almacenamiento tanto para los parametros fisicoquimicos como fisiologicos. La acidez titulable tuvo un decrecimiento marcado en el tratamiento control (T5) con respecto a los tratamientos donde se aplico los recubrimientos (T1, T2, T3, T4) donde el descenso de la acidez fue menor. Por otro lado, la perdida de peso, los solidos solubles totales, el pH, el indice de maduracion y el indice de respiracion incrementaron a medida que el tiempo de almacenamiento transcurrio, y se obtuvo que las moras tratadas con los recubrimientos tuvieron un incremento menor con respecto a las moras sin recubrimiento, Conclusiones: los recubrimientos comestibles aplicados a la mora de castilla tuvieron un efecto positivo sobre las propiedades evaluadas en la mora de castilla, siendo los mejores tratamientos el T3 y T4, en general, la aplicacion de un recubrimiento comestible a base de hidroxipropil metilcelulosa y cera de abejas logro aumentar la vida util de la mora de castilla.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"246 1","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76971500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A01
J. Gutiérrez, J. A. Pereañez
Snakebite envenomings constitute a serious public health problem on a global level, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America [1, 2]. In our Latin American region, it is estimated that at least 70,000 snakebite cases occur every year, although the actual number is likely to be higher [3]. This pathology is one of the so-called ‘neglected tropical diseases’, i.e. a group of diseases that affect primarily poor people in poor settings and, therefore, does not receive the necessary attention from research agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and health authorities. Consequently, it has been described as a ‘disease of poverty’ [3, 4]. In our continent it largely affects impoverished populations living in rural areas, including indigenous groups [3].
{"title":"The need for an integrated approach in confronting snakebite envenoming in Latin America: the relevance of endogenous scientific and technological research","authors":"J. Gutiérrez, J. A. Pereañez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A01","url":null,"abstract":"Snakebite envenomings constitute a serious public health problem on a global level, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America [1, 2]. In our Latin American region, it is estimated that at least 70,000 snakebite cases occur every year, although the actual number is likely to be higher [3]. This pathology is one of the so-called ‘neglected tropical diseases’, i.e. a group of diseases that affect primarily poor people in poor settings and, therefore, does not receive the necessary attention from research agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and health authorities. Consequently, it has been described as a ‘disease of poverty’ [3, 4]. In our continent it largely affects impoverished populations living in rural areas, including indigenous groups [3].","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"41 1","pages":"103-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76194038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A04
Jenaro Antonio Espitia Corredor, L. E. C. Suárez, Mario Francisco Guerrero Pabón
This study shows the antiplatelet effect of the ethanolic fraction obtained from the bark of Nectandra amazonum Nees. [N.V. “laurel amarillo”, Lauraceae] applying the Born turbidimetric method. The screening test compared the fraction of N. amazonum (0.1 mg/mL), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA 0.5 mM, as reference standard) and the DMSO (0.1%, as control) in human platelets stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP 2 µM), epinephrine (EPI 2 µM), collagen (COL 1 µg/mL) and arachidonic acid (AA 0.2 mg/mL). Subsequently, the study focused to determine the antiaggregant potency of the fraction throw concentration - response curves (from 1 µg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL), obtaining the pIC50 (-log IC50) values against these platelet agonists. The results showed that whereas the control platelets attained higher percentage values of aggregation (96% AA, 89% EPI, 85% COLL, 77% ADP). N. amazonum fraction significantly reduced these effects (6% AA, 45% EPI, 10% COLL, 21% ADP), near to that obtained with ASA (17% AA, 21% EPI, 10% COLL, 20% ADP). According to concentration - response curves, the pIC50 values of the fraction gave the following order of potency: AA, 4.90 > ADP, 4.51 > COLL, 4.33 > EPI, 3.85. These results suggest that N. amazonum Nees. ethanolic fraction elicit antiplatelet effects specially related to the inhibition of arachidonic acid pathway.
{"title":"ASSESMENT OF PLATELET ANTIAGGREGANT ACTIVITY OF A FRACTION FROM AN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE BARK OF Nectandra amazonum Nees","authors":"Jenaro Antonio Espitia Corredor, L. E. C. Suárez, Mario Francisco Guerrero Pabón","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A04","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows the antiplatelet effect of the ethanolic fraction obtained from the bark of Nectandra amazonum Nees. [N.V. “laurel amarillo”, Lauraceae] applying the Born turbidimetric method. The screening test compared the fraction of N. amazonum (0.1 mg/mL), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA 0.5 mM, as reference standard) and the DMSO (0.1%, as control) in human platelets stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP 2 µM), epinephrine (EPI 2 µM), collagen (COL 1 µg/mL) and arachidonic acid (AA 0.2 mg/mL). Subsequently, the study focused to determine the antiaggregant potency of the fraction throw concentration - response curves (from 1 µg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL), obtaining the pIC50 (-log IC50) values against these platelet agonists. The results showed that whereas the control platelets attained higher percentage values of aggregation (96% AA, 89% EPI, 85% COLL, 77% ADP). N. amazonum fraction significantly reduced these effects (6% AA, 45% EPI, 10% COLL, 21% ADP), near to that obtained with ASA (17% AA, 21% EPI, 10% COLL, 20% ADP). According to concentration - response curves, the pIC50 values of the fraction gave the following order of potency: AA, 4.90 > ADP, 4.51 > COLL, 4.33 > EPI, 3.85. These results suggest that N. amazonum Nees. ethanolic fraction elicit antiplatelet effects specially related to the inhibition of arachidonic acid pathway.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"12 1","pages":"119-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90956222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A03
Laura Flórez-Sampedro, W. Zapata, L. Orozco, A. Mejía, C. Arboleda, M. Rugeles
Background: Natural compounds are a good source for the development of antiretroviral drugs with low cytotoxicity. The laccase enzyme, produced by fungi of the genera Ganoderma sp. and Lentinus sp., inhibits the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), in cell-free models in vitro. Objetives: In this study we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 activity of the enzymatic extracts (EE) enriched with laccase, produced by two native species of fungi of the same genera in an in vitro cell culture model. Methods: The inhibition of viral replication was performed using the U373-MAGI cell line infected with recombinant viruses in the presence/absence of the EE and 48 hpi, the percentage of infected cells was evaluated by flow cytometry for green fluorescent protein –GFP– and ELISA for p24. The inhibition of the RT was determined by quantification of early and late products of reverse transcription using quantitative PCR. Results: The EEs from Ganoderma sp. and Lentinus sp. inhibited the replication of HIV-1 between 80 and 90% and decreased the production of early and late transcripts between 55,5%-91,3% and 82,1%-93,6% respectively. The EE from Lentinus sp. had the best selectivity index (SI: 8.3). Conclusions: These results suggest the potential anti-HIV-1 activity of the EE for the exploration of an alternative therapy against HIV-1 infection.
{"title":"IN VITRO ANTI-HIV-1 ACTIVITY OF THE ENZYMATIC EXTRACT ENRICHED WITH LACCASE PRODUCED BY THE FUNGI GANODERMA SP. AND LENTINUS SP.","authors":"Laura Flórez-Sampedro, W. Zapata, L. Orozco, A. Mejía, C. Arboleda, M. Rugeles","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Natural compounds are a good source for the development of antiretroviral drugs with low cytotoxicity. The laccase enzyme, produced by fungi of the genera Ganoderma sp. and Lentinus sp., inhibits the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), in cell-free models in vitro. Objetives: In this study we evaluated the anti-HIV-1 activity of the enzymatic extracts (EE) enriched with laccase, produced by two native species of fungi of the same genera in an in vitro cell culture model. Methods: The inhibition of viral replication was performed using the U373-MAGI cell line infected with recombinant viruses in the presence/absence of the EE and 48 hpi, the percentage of infected cells was evaluated by flow cytometry for green fluorescent protein –GFP– and ELISA for p24. The inhibition of the RT was determined by quantification of early and late products of reverse transcription using quantitative PCR. Results: The EEs from Ganoderma sp. and Lentinus sp. inhibited the replication of HIV-1 between 80 and 90% and decreased the production of early and late transcripts between 55,5%-91,3% and 82,1%-93,6% respectively. The EE from Lentinus sp. had the best selectivity index (SI: 8.3). Conclusions: These results suggest the potential anti-HIV-1 activity of the EE for the exploration of an alternative therapy against HIV-1 infection.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"49 1","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77944403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A06
L. Gutiérrez
Background: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a generic term used to describe a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid with a conjugated double bond system. CLA-isomers have been widely studied because of their important biological activity and their protective effects against several diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Consequently, these biomolecules have attracted much attention from the dairy industry, since they are naturally found in ruminants’ milk, and because the development of CLA-enriched dairy foods can be a good economic opportunity given the growth of the functional foods market, in which the dairy industry plays an important role. Objectives: This work presents a comprehensive review of the following aspects: (i) The synthesis and concentration of the CLA-isomers in milk, and the main strategies employed to increase their content in a natural manner; (ii) The influence of the main technological treatments applied to milk on the concentration of CLA-isomers; and (iii) The effects of milk fermentation on the content of CLA-isomers, and the challenges of this technological process, which has been though as a promissory alternative to naturally increase the content of CLA in fermented dairy products. Methods: Information available in various databases was reviewed. A total of 103 articles were selected on the basis of their relevance and scientific-technical quality. Results: The CLA concentration in cows’ milk normally ranges between 2 and 37 mg/g fat, and is mainly affected by the dietary regime offered to the animals. From the total CLA-isomers, rumenic acid represents between 75 and 90%. The technological processes normally applied to milk (thermal processing, high pressure processing, and fermentation) might cause slight changes on the CLA concentration, but the mechanisms causing these changes have not been still established. The increase in CLA concentration by milk fermentation is strain-dependent, because of the different linoleate isomerase activity of the species. . Conclusions: Although several studies have reported increases in the concentration of CLA in milk and fermented milks in a natural manner, they are fairly moderate, and the obtained levels of CLA are significantly lower than those recommended to achieve therapeutic effects.
{"title":"CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID IN MILK AND FERMENTED MILKS: VARIATION AND EFFECTS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES","authors":"L. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a generic term used to describe a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid with a conjugated double bond system. CLA-isomers have been widely studied because of their important biological activity and their protective effects against several diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Consequently, these biomolecules have attracted much attention from the dairy industry, since they are naturally found in ruminants’ milk, and because the development of CLA-enriched dairy foods can be a good economic opportunity given the growth of the functional foods market, in which the dairy industry plays an important role. Objectives: This work presents a comprehensive review of the following aspects: (i) The synthesis and concentration of the CLA-isomers in milk, and the main strategies employed to increase their content in a natural manner; (ii) The influence of the main technological treatments applied to milk on the concentration of CLA-isomers; and (iii) The effects of milk fermentation on the content of CLA-isomers, and the challenges of this technological process, which has been though as a promissory alternative to naturally increase the content of CLA in fermented dairy products. Methods: Information available in various databases was reviewed. A total of 103 articles were selected on the basis of their relevance and scientific-technical quality. Results: The CLA concentration in cows’ milk normally ranges between 2 and 37 mg/g fat, and is mainly affected by the dietary regime offered to the animals. From the total CLA-isomers, rumenic acid represents between 75 and 90%. The technological processes normally applied to milk (thermal processing, high pressure processing, and fermentation) might cause slight changes on the CLA concentration, but the mechanisms causing these changes have not been still established. The increase in CLA concentration by milk fermentation is strain-dependent, because of the different linoleate isomerase activity of the species. . Conclusions: Although several studies have reported increases in the concentration of CLA in milk and fermented milks in a natural manner, they are fairly moderate, and the obtained levels of CLA are significantly lower than those recommended to achieve therapeutic effects.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"3 1","pages":"134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73122785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A05
L. Preciado, J. A. Pereañez, V. Núñez, Tatiana Lobo-Echeverri
Background: The pharmacological effects produced by snakebite accidents involve the actions of several enzymes, of which those of the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) exhibit a wide variety of effects such as edema and myotoxicity. Some plant extracts have been antagonists of crude snake venoms and toxins. Based on promising bioactivity, Swietenia macrophylla King was selected for further studies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the PLA2 inhibitors present in the crude extract of S. macrophylla that could be promising leads in neutralizing the local effects of ophidian accidents. Methods: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of S. macrophylla lead to the detection of (+)-catechin, characterized through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and confirmed by HPLC. The PLA2 inhibitory activity was measured with the Dole method and a spectrophotometric assay with 4-Nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid (4N3OBA). Cytotoxicity was done on C2C12 murine myoblast. Results: Fraction F5 and (+)-Catechin inhibited the PLA2 activity of B. asper venom, in a dose-dependent way. In addition, (+)-Catechin showed an inhibition level of 83.1 ± 3.1 % of the enzymatic activity of one PLA2 purified from the venom of Crotalus durissus cumanensis using 4N3OBA as substrate. Also the ethanolic extract and fraction F5 showed inhibition of the cytotoxicity induced by the Bothrops atrox venom and their Lys 49 PLA2 (80 and 100% respectively). Molecular docking results suggested that that OH from 4´ and 5’ carbons of (+)-catechin could form hydrogen bonds with carboxylate moiety of residue Asp49, while OH from 5 could form a hydrogen bond with Asn 6. Additional Van der Waals interactions were also proposed. Conclusion: Swietenia macrophylla exhibited strong inhibitory activity against PLA2s enzymes. Catechin, the most abundant metabolite in the active fraction F5, is proposed as one of the compounds responsible for the bioactivity.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MOST PROMISING FRACTION OF Swietenia macrophylla ACTIVE AGAINST MYOTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASES A2: IDENTIFICATION OF CATECHIN AS ONE OF THE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS","authors":"L. Preciado, J. A. Pereañez, V. Núñez, Tatiana Lobo-Echeverri","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pharmacological effects produced by snakebite accidents involve the actions of several enzymes, of which those of the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) exhibit a wide variety of effects such as edema and myotoxicity. Some plant extracts have been antagonists of crude snake venoms and toxins. Based on promising bioactivity, Swietenia macrophylla King was selected for further studies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the PLA2 inhibitors present in the crude extract of S. macrophylla that could be promising leads in neutralizing the local effects of ophidian accidents. Methods: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of S. macrophylla lead to the detection of (+)-catechin, characterized through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and confirmed by HPLC. The PLA2 inhibitory activity was measured with the Dole method and a spectrophotometric assay with 4-Nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid (4N3OBA). Cytotoxicity was done on C2C12 murine myoblast. Results: Fraction F5 and (+)-Catechin inhibited the PLA2 activity of B. asper venom, in a dose-dependent way. In addition, (+)-Catechin showed an inhibition level of 83.1 ± 3.1 % of the enzymatic activity of one PLA2 purified from the venom of Crotalus durissus cumanensis using 4N3OBA as substrate. Also the ethanolic extract and fraction F5 showed inhibition of the cytotoxicity induced by the Bothrops atrox venom and their Lys 49 PLA2 (80 and 100% respectively). Molecular docking results suggested that that OH from 4´ and 5’ carbons of (+)-catechin could form hydrogen bonds with carboxylate moiety of residue Asp49, while OH from 5 could form a hydrogen bond with Asn 6. Additional Van der Waals interactions were also proposed. Conclusion: Swietenia macrophylla exhibited strong inhibitory activity against PLA2s enzymes. Catechin, the most abundant metabolite in the active fraction F5, is proposed as one of the compounds responsible for the bioactivity.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"43 1","pages":"124-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74957996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A02
Ana Clara Fulanetti Squilanti, Fernanda Marina de Oliveira, P. Mastroianni
Case presentation: A 58-year-old man with AIDS, under ART treatment for 12 years, presenting non-compliance due pharmacotherapy complexity and lack of knowledge regarding disease and treatment. A care plan including pharmaceutical and educational interventions was established during a 7-month follow up. The plan mainly contemplated individual educational interventions with a few adjustments in the pharmacotherapy. Improvement of adherence and increase in quality of life where achieved in the end of the interventions, but no clinical impact was observed. Conclusion: Although increase in self-care and compliance to ART were enhanced, less complex regimens decided in cooperation between pharmacists and physicians could achieve better outcomes and solve some adverse-effects.
{"title":"PHARMACIST-LED PATIENT EDUCATION ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: IS IT ENOUGH TO IMPROVE ADHERENCE?","authors":"Ana Clara Fulanetti Squilanti, Fernanda Marina de Oliveira, P. Mastroianni","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N2A02","url":null,"abstract":"Case presentation: A 58-year-old man with AIDS, under ART treatment for 12 years, presenting non-compliance due pharmacotherapy complexity and lack of knowledge regarding disease and treatment. A care plan including pharmaceutical and educational interventions was established during a 7-month follow up. The plan mainly contemplated individual educational interventions with a few adjustments in the pharmacotherapy. Improvement of adherence and increase in quality of life where achieved in the end of the interventions, but no clinical impact was observed. Conclusion: Although increase in self-care and compliance to ART were enhanced, less complex regimens decided in cooperation between pharmacists and physicians could achieve better outcomes and solve some adverse-effects.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"9 1","pages":"106-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86413322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A04
Yuly Nataly Franco-Tobón, B. Rojano, A. F. Alzate-Arbelaez, Claudia E. Restrepo-Flórez, Diana Marsela Rivero-Barrios, M. Maldonado-Celis
1 Grupo Impacto de los Componentes Alimentarios en la Salud ICAS, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 2 Laboratorio de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín. Medellín, Colombia. 3 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria INTAL. * Autor de correspondencia: maria.maldonado@udea.edu.co EFECTO DEL TIEMPO DE ALMACENAMIENTO SOBRE PROPIEDADES FISICOQUÍMICAS Y ANTIOXIDANTES DE PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS DEL FRUTO AGRAZ (VACCINIUM MERIDIONALE SWARTZ)
{"title":"Effect of storage time on the physicochemical properties and antioxidants of products derived of andean berry ( Vaccinium meridionale swartz )","authors":"Yuly Nataly Franco-Tobón, B. Rojano, A. F. Alzate-Arbelaez, Claudia E. Restrepo-Flórez, Diana Marsela Rivero-Barrios, M. Maldonado-Celis","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N3A04","url":null,"abstract":"1 Grupo Impacto de los Componentes Alimentarios en la Salud ICAS, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 2 Laboratorio de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín. Medellín, Colombia. 3 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria INTAL. * Autor de correspondencia: maria.maldonado@udea.edu.co EFECTO DEL TIEMPO DE ALMACENAMIENTO SOBRE PROPIEDADES FISICOQUÍMICAS Y ANTIOXIDANTES DE PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS DEL FRUTO AGRAZ (VACCINIUM MERIDIONALE SWARTZ)","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"72 4 1","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74040292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N1A05
J. L. Chávez-Servia, A. M. Vera-Guzmán, J. C. Carrillo-Rodríguez, E. Heredia-García
Background: Malnutrition is a major health problem in developed and developing countries, and in Latino American, a viable option is reconsider the pre-Columbian and traditional diets based on endemic species. In Mesoamerica, the chilli or pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) played an important role, and its contribution remain until today in the Mexican gastronomy. Objective: the aim of the present work was to evaluate the variation among and within five morphotypes of pepper (C. annuum L.) native of Oaxaca, Mexico, in relation to minerals content in fruits. Methods: a collection of 45 population samples of chilli pepper, which were grouped in five morphotypes named as chile de Agua, Tabiche, Piquin, Solterito and Nanche, and later planted in greenhouse conditions under a complete blocks randomized design with three replications. At harvest time a fruit samples from 300 to 500 g per population were obtained, and later the samples were incinerated to obtain ashes, which were solubilized in acid medium. The determinations of Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, and Ca were done by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the S and P elements were quantified by an UV-vis spectrometer. Results: in the analysis of variance, significant differences (P < 0.05) were determined among and within morphotypes of C. annuum over all macro and trace elements. Solterito presented the highest values in eight mineral elements, after Piquin and chile de Agua were the second more important. In Fe content, Piquin and Solterito showed high values between 8.0 and 8.5 mg/100 g of dry sample weight. Into each morphotype, the outstanding populations were: CAG03 and CAG10 from chile de Agua; CNA02 of Nanche; CPI02 and CPI09 of Piquin type; CSO01, CSO02 and CSO03 from Solterito; and CTA02 and CTA05 from Tabiche type. The differences among morphotypes were confirmed in the multiple discriminant analysis and the Mahalanobis’ distances. Conclusions: The results showed differences among and within morfotypes of C. annuum, and the minerals content reported indicate that, the chilli pepper is a food with high nutritional values. In fact 100 g of dry weight, potentially can supply the dairy needs of Cu, Mg, P and an important proportion of the needs of Fe, Zn and K, among other nutritional elements.
背景:营养不良是发达国家和发展中国家的一个主要健康问题，在拉丁美洲，一个可行的选择是重新考虑前哥伦布时期和以特有物种为基础的传统饮食。在中美洲，辣椒或胡椒(Capsicum annuum L.)扮演着重要的角色，直到今天，它在墨西哥美食中的贡献仍然存在。目的:评价墨西哥瓦哈卡州五种辣椒(C. annuum L.)果实中矿物质含量的差异。方法:收集辣椒45个群体样本，按5种形态分为chile de Agua、Tabiche、Piquin、Solterito和Nanche，采用完全块随机设计，3个重复，在温室条件下种植。在收获时，每个人口获得300至500克的水果样本，然后将样本焚烧以获得灰烬，将其溶解在酸性介质中。其中Cu、Fe、Mg、Zn、Na、K、Ca采用原子吸收光谱法测定，S、P元素采用紫外-可见光谱法测定。结果:在方差分析中，各形态间和各形态内各宏量和微量元素均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。Solterito在8种矿物元素中含量最高，仅次于Piquin和chile de Agua。在铁含量方面，Piquin和Solterito在8.0 ~ 8.5 mg/ 100g干样重之间表现出较高的值。各形态中表现突出的群体为:瓜椒CAG03和CAG10;南车CNA02;Piquin型CPI02、CPI09;来自Solterito的CSO01、CSO02和CSO03;CTA02和CTA05来自Tabiche型。多重判别分析和马氏距离证实了形态间的差异。结论:研究结果表明，辣椒各形态间存在差异，所报道的矿物质含量表明，辣椒是一种具有较高营养价值的食物。事实上，100克的干重，可以潜在地满足奶牛对铜、镁、磷的需求，以及对铁、锌和钾的重要需求，以及其他营养元素。
{"title":"VARIATION IN MINERALS CONTENT IN FRUITS OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) LANDRACES, GROWN IN GREENHOUSE","authors":"J. L. Chávez-Servia, A. M. Vera-Guzmán, J. C. Carrillo-Rodríguez, E. Heredia-García","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N1A05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V23N1A05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is a major health problem in developed and developing countries, and in Latino American, a viable option is reconsider the pre-Columbian and traditional diets based on endemic species. In Mesoamerica, the chilli or pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) played an important role, and its contribution remain until today in the Mexican gastronomy. Objective: the aim of the present work was to evaluate the variation among and within five morphotypes of pepper (C. annuum L.) native of Oaxaca, Mexico, in relation to minerals content in fruits. Methods: a collection of 45 population samples of chilli pepper, which were grouped in five morphotypes named as chile de Agua, Tabiche, Piquin, Solterito and Nanche, and later planted in greenhouse conditions under a complete blocks randomized design with three replications. At harvest time a fruit samples from 300 to 500 g per population were obtained, and later the samples were incinerated to obtain ashes, which were solubilized in acid medium. The determinations of Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, and Ca were done by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the S and P elements were quantified by an UV-vis spectrometer. Results: in the analysis of variance, significant differences (P < 0.05) were determined among and within morphotypes of C. annuum over all macro and trace elements. Solterito presented the highest values in eight mineral elements, after Piquin and chile de Agua were the second more important. In Fe content, Piquin and Solterito showed high values between 8.0 and 8.5 mg/100 g of dry sample weight. Into each morphotype, the outstanding populations were: CAG03 and CAG10 from chile de Agua; CNA02 of Nanche; CPI02 and CPI09 of Piquin type; CSO01, CSO02 and CSO03 from Solterito; and CTA02 and CTA05 from Tabiche type. The differences among morphotypes were confirmed in the multiple discriminant analysis and the Mahalanobis’ distances. Conclusions: The results showed differences among and within morfotypes of C. annuum, and the minerals content reported indicate that, the chilli pepper is a food with high nutritional values. In fact 100 g of dry weight, potentially can supply the dairy needs of Cu, Mg, P and an important proportion of the needs of Fe, Zn and K, among other nutritional elements.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"2013 1","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86288662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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