Pub Date : 2017-11-24DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A02
R. Vivas-Reyes, Maicol Ahumedo, Margarita Velazquez
Background: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density dependent mechanism that allows bacteria to regulate the expression of specific genes in response to changes in their population density, thus controlling their activities in order to produce a response as a unit multicellular. These responses include production of virulence factors, formation of biofilm, bioluminescence, sporulation, among other behavior. Objectives: The objective of this work was to obtain pharmacophore models able to filter and identify molecules with possible agonist activity of quorum sensing and to find possible candidates based on calculations of molecular docking Methods: The structure of the receptor was taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The program AutoDock 4.2 was used to perform docking calculations. The 3D structure of the ligand TP1 was extracted from the complex co-crystallized identified with the code PDB 3IX3. The geometries of ligands were optimized using the PM3 semiempirical method. Results: Two pharmacophoric models were designed, the first one was made using the most active compound (TP-1), highlighting the most important chemical characteristics for molecular recognition. The second model was based on the alignment of three of the most active ligands (TP-1, TP-3 and TP-4). These models were used as a filter in a screening on a database of conformations of several compounds with possible agonist activity of the main circuit of QS present in Pseudomona aeruginosa .The pharmacophoric model based on alignment of the most active compounds showed greater capacity to select or identify compounds exhibiting significant structural and chemical characteristics to be considered possible hit . With this model, 22 compounds were identified.These compounds were subjected to a series of calculations of docking. The outcomes of the docking were used to identify interactions making a SAR analysis and were used as support to understand how chemically distinct compounds can be accommodated by a highly selective receptor, and provide the framework for the development of novel quorum-sensing regulators, utilizing the 2-(benzamido)methyl)phenyl benzoate scaffold and to assess the possibility of synthetic routes, considering the structural similarity presenting between these compounds, generating in this way an alternative to find new compounds with modulating activity QS . These two strategies were used to select a list of potential modulators of quorum sensing or new pharmacophoric candidates. Conclusions . The two pharmacophoric models designed in this study, the number 2 (model based on the alignment of the most active compounds) showed greater ability to select or identify compounds that had important structural and chemical characteristics to be considered possible hits. With this model, 22 compounds were identified, which were subsequently subjected to docking calculations. In general, the docking protocol used is adequate, since in validating the conformation of the
{"title":"VIRTUAL SCREENING: IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS WITH POSSIBLE QUORUM SENSING AGONISTIC ACTIVITY IN Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"R. Vivas-Reyes, Maicol Ahumedo, Margarita Velazquez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density dependent mechanism that allows bacteria to regulate the expression of specific genes in response to changes in their population density, thus controlling their activities in order to produce a response as a unit multicellular. These responses include production of virulence factors, formation of biofilm, bioluminescence, sporulation, among other behavior. Objectives: The objective of this work was to obtain pharmacophore models able to filter and identify molecules with possible agonist activity of quorum sensing and to find possible candidates based on calculations of molecular docking Methods: The structure of the receptor was taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The program AutoDock 4.2 was used to perform docking calculations. The 3D structure of the ligand TP1 was extracted from the complex co-crystallized identified with the code PDB 3IX3. The geometries of ligands were optimized using the PM3 semiempirical method. Results: Two pharmacophoric models were designed, the first one was made using the most active compound (TP-1), highlighting the most important chemical characteristics for molecular recognition. The second model was based on the alignment of three of the most active ligands (TP-1, TP-3 and TP-4). These models were used as a filter in a screening on a database of conformations of several compounds with possible agonist activity of the main circuit of QS present in Pseudomona aeruginosa .The pharmacophoric model based on alignment of the most active compounds showed greater capacity to select or identify compounds exhibiting significant structural and chemical characteristics to be considered possible hit . With this model, 22 compounds were identified.These compounds were subjected to a series of calculations of docking. The outcomes of the docking were used to identify interactions making a SAR analysis and were used as support to understand how chemically distinct compounds can be accommodated by a highly selective receptor, and provide the framework for the development of novel quorum-sensing regulators, utilizing the 2-(benzamido)methyl)phenyl benzoate scaffold and to assess the possibility of synthetic routes, considering the structural similarity presenting between these compounds, generating in this way an alternative to find new compounds with modulating activity QS . These two strategies were used to select a list of potential modulators of quorum sensing or new pharmacophoric candidates. Conclusions . The two pharmacophoric models designed in this study, the number 2 (model based on the alignment of the most active compounds) showed greater ability to select or identify compounds that had important structural and chemical characteristics to be considered possible hits. With this model, 22 compounds were identified, which were subsequently subjected to docking calculations. In general, the docking protocol used is adequate, since in validating the conformation of the","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"1 1","pages":"89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89473826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-24DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A06
Luz Stella Ramírez-Aristizabal, Aristófeles Ortiz, María Fernanda Restrepo-Aristizabal, Juan Felipe Salinas-Villada
BACKGROUND: Tea ( Camellia sinensis ) is the most highly consumed beverage in the world in addition to water. The most common way of preparation is steeping it in hot or cold water.(1) In Colombia, this is a recent trend and the market is growing continuously. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant characteristics of green tea of four brands sold in Colombia at room and hot-temperature in relation to brewing conditions. METHODS: A set of four commercial brands of green tea (Oriental ® , Lipton ® , Hindu ® , Jaibel ® ) was used in an aqueous extraction at two temperatures: Cold tea extract (25°C) and hot tea extract (80°C). Total polyphenol concentration (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method; Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using a spectrophotometric method and the antioxidant capacity was determined by means of both the scavenging of (DPPH) free radical assay, and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Finally, a method for quantifying the catechins present in tea extracts were developed applying high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: The TPC obtained was: 2.53 – 14.63 mg EAG / g sample for cold tea extract and 29.34 - 55.06 mg EAG/g sample for hot tea extract. The TFC was found to vary: 2.67 – 7.08 mg EC/ g sample for the cold tea extract and 5.43– 8.41 mg EC/ g sample for hot tea extract. A similar profile was observed for the antioxidant capacity determined by both methods: for cold tea extract: 22.36 – 41.29 mg TE /g sample for DPPH and 22.95 – 46.25 mg TE/g sample for ORAC. Similarly, for hot tea extract the following ranges were: 38.50 – 110.01 mg TE/g sample for DPPH and 23.40- 113.60 mg TE/g sample for ORAC. In general, the behavior of the two extraction concerning the assay, starting from the best followed this order: Oriental ® > Lipton ® > Hindu ® > Jaibel ® . The chromatographic profiles showed the presence of ten compounds. CONCLUSIONS: compounds with higher antioxidant capacity in comparison to extractions at room temperature. This results confirm the fact that extraction of green tea carried out with water at hot temperature leads to the formation of infusions rich in compounds with higher antioxidant capacity in comparison to extractions at room temperature.
{"title":"Comparative study of the antioxidant capacity in green tea by extraction at different temperatures of four brands sold in Colombia","authors":"Luz Stella Ramírez-Aristizabal, Aristófeles Ortiz, María Fernanda Restrepo-Aristizabal, Juan Felipe Salinas-Villada","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A06","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Tea ( Camellia sinensis ) is the most highly consumed beverage in the world in addition to water. The most common way of preparation is steeping it in hot or cold water.(1) In Colombia, this is a recent trend and the market is growing continuously. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant characteristics of green tea of four brands sold in Colombia at room and hot-temperature in relation to brewing conditions. METHODS: A set of four commercial brands of green tea (Oriental ® , Lipton ® , Hindu ® , Jaibel ® ) was used in an aqueous extraction at two temperatures: Cold tea extract (25°C) and hot tea extract (80°C). Total polyphenol concentration (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method; Total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using a spectrophotometric method and the antioxidant capacity was determined by means of both the scavenging of (DPPH) free radical assay, and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Finally, a method for quantifying the catechins present in tea extracts were developed applying high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: The TPC obtained was: 2.53 – 14.63 mg EAG / g sample for cold tea extract and 29.34 - 55.06 mg EAG/g sample for hot tea extract. The TFC was found to vary: 2.67 – 7.08 mg EC/ g sample for the cold tea extract and 5.43– 8.41 mg EC/ g sample for hot tea extract. A similar profile was observed for the antioxidant capacity determined by both methods: for cold tea extract: 22.36 – 41.29 mg TE /g sample for DPPH and 22.95 – 46.25 mg TE/g sample for ORAC. Similarly, for hot tea extract the following ranges were: 38.50 – 110.01 mg TE/g sample for DPPH and 23.40- 113.60 mg TE/g sample for ORAC. In general, the behavior of the two extraction concerning the assay, starting from the best followed this order: Oriental ® > Lipton ® > Hindu ® > Jaibel ® . The chromatographic profiles showed the presence of ten compounds. CONCLUSIONS: compounds with higher antioxidant capacity in comparison to extractions at room temperature. This results confirm the fact that extraction of green tea carried out with water at hot temperature leads to the formation of infusions rich in compounds with higher antioxidant capacity in comparison to extractions at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"34 1","pages":"132-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85544307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-24DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A05
O. Hernández, R. Carranza, P. Cobos, L. López, V. J. A. Ascasio, B. Silva
Background: Bioactive compounds were isolated from the fruit of S. elaeagnifolium, as it has a high potential for functional foods or pharmaceutical products development. Objectives: In this study bioguided fractionation a methanolic extract from S. elaeagnifolium fruit was carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity and antitumoral potential on breast tumor explants. Methods: A microdilution method with A. salina was used to isolate bioactive compounds; fractionation was performed by vacuum liquid chromatography, and the monitoring from fractions was done by thin layer chromatography. Moreover, toxicity from fractions isolated in Vero, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines was assessed by MTT assay, as well as in breast tumor explants by Alamar blue assay. To partially identify compounds was realized a qualitative phytochemical analysis as well as a spectroscopic characterization by Rp-HPLC-MS. Results: Were promising, as it was observed that FVLC7 showed an LC50= 44.8 ± 3.5 ppm on HeLa cell line, while Vero and MCF-7 cell lines showed an LC50=80.0 ± 8.5 and LC50 >1000 ppm respectively. Also, an antitumor effect was found in breast tumor explants obtained from a patient in remission. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that FVLC7 contains alkaloids, coumarins, and sesquiterpene lactones, whereas characterization by Rp-HPLC-MS detected quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, dicafeoilquinic acid as well as presence an alkaloid. Conclusion: Therefore, was confirmed that active compounds isolated from S. elaeagnifolium possess antineoplastic potential and that A. salina test facilitates its selection.
{"title":"Bioguided fractionation from Solanum elaeagnifolium to evaluate toxicity on cellular lines and breast tumor explants","authors":"O. Hernández, R. Carranza, P. Cobos, L. López, V. J. A. Ascasio, B. Silva","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bioactive compounds were isolated from the fruit of S. elaeagnifolium, as it has a high potential for functional foods or pharmaceutical products development. Objectives: In this study bioguided fractionation a methanolic extract from S. elaeagnifolium fruit was carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity and antitumoral potential on breast tumor explants. Methods: A microdilution method with A. salina was used to isolate bioactive compounds; fractionation was performed by vacuum liquid chromatography, and the monitoring from fractions was done by thin layer chromatography. Moreover, toxicity from fractions isolated in Vero, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines was assessed by MTT assay, as well as in breast tumor explants by Alamar blue assay. To partially identify compounds was realized a qualitative phytochemical analysis as well as a spectroscopic characterization by Rp-HPLC-MS. Results: Were promising, as it was observed that FVLC7 showed an LC50= 44.8 ± 3.5 ppm on HeLa cell line, while Vero and MCF-7 cell lines showed an LC50=80.0 ± 8.5 and LC50 >1000 ppm respectively. Also, an antitumor effect was found in breast tumor explants obtained from a patient in remission. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that FVLC7 contains alkaloids, coumarins, and sesquiterpene lactones, whereas characterization by Rp-HPLC-MS detected quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, dicafeoilquinic acid as well as presence an alkaloid. Conclusion: Therefore, was confirmed that active compounds isolated from S. elaeagnifolium possess antineoplastic potential and that A. salina test facilitates its selection.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"3 1","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73106044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-24DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A04
J. Peñaloza, B. Rojano, A. Piedrahita
Background: Several studies have found that rosemary has active components with antioxidant potential, and that is why, an extract combined with ascorbyl palmitate provides protection for systems with high fat content was obtained. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of two extracts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): AP10R and AP30R at three concentrations 1000, 1500 and 2000ppm, on the oxidative stability of palm oil subjected to accelerated oxidation and frying conditions, Methods: controlling the concentration of hydroperoxides, total polar compounds and the thermal stability of phenolic compounds it is conducted in the oil through fluorescence spectroscopy and were evaluated with and without addition of the extract. Results: The extract AP10R to 2000ppm inhibited the oxidation of olein in 30.38% and 60.84% in terms of the concentration of total polar compounds and hydroperoxides, respectively. In addition, Conclusions: Results indicated that heating decreases the concentration of polyphenols; this decrease was most evident in the olein without extract, reflecting the effect of rosemary extract on the stability of used oil polyphenols.
{"title":"SELECTION AND ROLE OF A MIX ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus officinalis) - PALMITATE ASCORBYL AS ANTIOXIDANT IN A FRYING PROCESS","authors":"J. Peñaloza, B. Rojano, A. Piedrahita","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies have found that rosemary has active components with antioxidant potential, and that is why, an extract combined with ascorbyl palmitate provides protection for systems with high fat content was obtained. \u0000Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of two extracts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): AP10R and AP30R at three concentrations 1000, 1500 and 2000ppm, on the oxidative stability of palm oil subjected to accelerated oxidation and frying conditions, Methods: controlling the concentration of hydroperoxides, total polar compounds and the thermal stability of phenolic compounds it is conducted in the oil through fluorescence spectroscopy and were evaluated with and without addition of the extract. Results: The extract AP10R to 2000ppm inhibited the oxidation of olein in 30.38% and 60.84% in terms of the concentration of total polar compounds and hydroperoxides, respectively. In addition, \u0000Conclusions: Results indicated that heating decreases the concentration of polyphenols; this decrease was most evident in the olein without extract, reflecting the effect of rosemary extract on the stability of used oil polyphenols.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"30 1","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74900500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-01DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A03
Eliana Estrada, M. R., Jesús Gil
Background: Guacamole is a sauce or dressing composed of avocado pulp and other ingredients. Guacamole powder is an important advance in the generation of value added for the avocado chain, as it is an alternative product with the potential to be used by the final consumer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to standardize the spray drying process for guacamole powder using the response surface methodology. Methods: Four independent variables were taken into account for the experiment design: atomizing disk speed (ADS), air inlet temperature (AIT), air outlet temperature (AOT) and vacuum pressure (VP). In addition, the following dependent variables were considered: water activity (aw), moisture (Xw), solubility (S), hygroscopicity (H), color (L, a and b), extractable oil content (EO), peroxide index (PI) and particle size (D10, D50 and D90). Likewise, the following two dependent variables associated with the process were identified: yield (Y) and deposit formation (DF). Results: The best conditions for the process were obtained with ADS = 27451 rpm, AIT = 168oC, AOT = 90oC and VP = 1.77 ′′H2O. These conditions yielded guacamole powder with the desired properties, namely: maximum Y, S, L, b, EO and minimal DF, aw, Xw, H, a , PI, D10, D50, D90. Conclusions: The spray drying process is an effective technology that provides added value to avocado, the ADS being the independent variable that has the greatest impact on the quality of powdered guacamole.
{"title":"GUACAMOLE POWDER: STANDARDIZATION OF THE SPRAY DRYING PROCESS","authors":"Eliana Estrada, M. R., Jesús Gil","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N2A03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Guacamole is a sauce or dressing composed of avocado pulp and other ingredients. Guacamole powder is an important advance in the generation of value added for the avocado chain, as it is an alternative product with the potential to be used by the final consumer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to standardize the spray drying process for guacamole powder using the response surface methodology. Methods: Four independent variables were taken into account for the experiment design: atomizing disk speed (ADS), air inlet temperature (AIT), air outlet temperature (AOT) and vacuum pressure (VP). In addition, the following dependent variables were considered: water activity (aw), moisture (Xw), solubility (S), hygroscopicity (H), color (L, a and b), extractable oil content (EO), peroxide index (PI) and particle size (D10, D50 and D90). Likewise, the following two dependent variables associated with the process were identified: yield (Y) and deposit formation (DF). Results: The best conditions for the process were obtained with ADS = 27451 rpm, AIT = 168oC, AOT = 90oC and VP = 1.77 ′′H2O. These conditions yielded guacamole powder with the desired properties, namely: maximum Y, S, L, b, EO and minimal DF, aw, Xw, H, a , PI, D10, D50, D90. Conclusions: The spray drying process is an effective technology that provides added value to avocado, the ADS being the independent variable that has the greatest impact on the quality of powdered guacamole.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"19 1","pages":"102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73904798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-27DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A01
J. Ceballos, P. Amariles
At the global level, there are many challenges and opportunities for pharmaceutical personnel (professionals, technologists and technicians), mainly for those working at the outpatient pharmacies (Pharmaceutical Retail Establishments, in the context of the Colombian health system). Overall, Colombian outpatient pharmacies have limited their activities to selling medicines, while the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) have promoted their evolution toward a more patient-oriented practice. This focusing ranges from the procurement and supplying of medicines to pharmaceutical care services, oriented to ensure the best treatment for patients. Therefore, outpatient pharmacies play an important role in the improvement of pharmacotherapy and patient outcomes, promoting rational use of medicines and reducing healthcare costs (1). This kind of results have been gradually demonstrated in other countries (2). In that way, in Colombia there is a considerable need to create outpatient pharmacies which allow us improve outcomes for patients care, increase access to healthcare system care (specially for vulnerable populations) and, to provide specific-medication tools for reach successful therapies. By including patient education, it is possible to ensure the best health outcomes, to improve patient satisfaction and to enhance cost‐effectiveness relationship.
{"title":"Needs and opportunities for outpatient pharmacies in Colombia: The case of continuing education programs for pharmacists","authors":"J. Ceballos, P. Amariles","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A01","url":null,"abstract":"At the global level, there are many challenges and opportunities for pharmaceutical personnel (professionals, technologists and technicians), mainly for those working at the outpatient pharmacies (Pharmaceutical Retail Establishments, in the context of the Colombian health system). Overall, Colombian outpatient pharmacies have limited their activities to selling medicines, while the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) have promoted their evolution toward a more patient-oriented practice. This focusing ranges from the procurement and supplying of medicines to pharmaceutical care services, oriented to ensure the best treatment for patients. Therefore, outpatient pharmacies play an important role in the improvement of pharmacotherapy and patient outcomes, promoting rational use of medicines and reducing healthcare costs (1). This kind of results have been gradually demonstrated in other countries (2). In that way, in Colombia there is a considerable need to create outpatient pharmacies which allow us improve outcomes for patients care, increase access to healthcare system care (specially for vulnerable populations) and, to provide specific-medication tools for reach successful therapies. By including patient education, it is possible to ensure the best health outcomes, to improve patient satisfaction and to enhance cost‐effectiveness relationship.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"554 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77074921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-27DOI: 10.17533/udea.vitae.v24n1a05
Andres C. Salazar, Francisco Javier Castellanos Galeano, L. Hernández
Background: This article technology deep frying green plantain was evaluated. Objectives: To optimize the process of deep frying in the production of green banana slices and set the association in terms of the quality parameter: texture; from the point of sensory and instrumental view. Methods: Was used as a raw material banana green maturity, variety (Dominico Harton) and a mixture of refined vegetable oils from soybeans and palm olein with antioxidant (TBHQ). For the evaluation of the process we worked with various pressure ranges, driving force (∆T) and time; selecting maximum and minimum for these process variables (10-79kPa) values (13-113°C) and (57-663s) respectively. For the analysis of the response variables (moisture content, fat content and texture "hardness") officially sanctioned AOAC methods and protocols in the case of the texture were used. Looking for the best frying conditions, an analysis of response surface optimization process was performed. Results: saddle points were obtained on optimization analysis of the three response variables. A higher time of 550s and between 40 and 80°C, and times 200 to 500s and ∆T 80 to 100°C, zones of influence of moisture content with a value of 0.25% occurred. For the fat content was observed that values below about 20°C and 200s of time and pressures greater than 55kPa, begin to generate relatively low values. Regarding the hardness, treatments 7 and 11 were the most accepted sensorially. Conclusions: The moisture content did not depend on the pressure variable in the process, only the driving force and time altered the outcome of this variable. Considering the sensory evaluation, it was concluded that the desired value for the moisture content was 0.25%, to the fat content values were between 31 and 36%, and hardness between 6.4 and 9.2N.
{"title":"EFFECT OF PROCESS VARIABLES IN THE PRODUCTION OF FRIED GREEN PLANTAIN IN VACUUM","authors":"Andres C. Salazar, Francisco Javier Castellanos Galeano, L. Hernández","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.v24n1a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v24n1a05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This article technology deep frying green plantain was evaluated. Objectives: To optimize the process of deep frying in the production of green banana slices and set the association in terms of the quality parameter: texture; from the point of sensory and instrumental view. Methods: Was used as a raw material banana green maturity, variety (Dominico Harton) and a mixture of refined vegetable oils from soybeans and palm olein with antioxidant (TBHQ). For the evaluation of the process we worked with various pressure ranges, driving force (∆T) and time; selecting maximum and minimum for these process variables (10-79kPa) values (13-113°C) and (57-663s) respectively. For the analysis of the response variables (moisture content, fat content and texture \"hardness\") officially sanctioned AOAC methods and protocols in the case of the texture were used. Looking for the best frying conditions, an analysis of response surface optimization process was performed. Results: saddle points were obtained on optimization analysis of the three response variables. A higher time of 550s and between 40 and 80°C, and times 200 to 500s and ∆T 80 to 100°C, zones of influence of moisture content with a value of 0.25% occurred. For the fat content was observed that values below about 20°C and 200s of time and pressures greater than 55kPa, begin to generate relatively low values. Regarding the hardness, treatments 7 and 11 were the most accepted sensorially. Conclusions: The moisture content did not depend on the pressure variable in the process, only the driving force and time altered the outcome of this variable. Considering the sensory evaluation, it was concluded that the desired value for the moisture content was 0.25%, to the fat content values were between 31 and 36%, and hardness between 6.4 and 9.2N.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"121 1","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84826311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-27DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A06
C. Martínez, T. I. D. Arístizabal, C. Moreno
Background: The current flourishing of the specialty coffee market has motivated the development of this research on the basis that the harvested coffee fruits are a determining factor in drink quality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the composition of harvested coffee (Coffea arabica L.) regarding the organoleptic quality of the coffee drink for the varieties Caturra and Colombia. Methods: Treatments for the assessed varieties were defined with different percentage compositions of coffee fruits M1 (100R), M2 (80R, 13OV, 7SR), M3 (60R, 26OV, 12SR, 2UR) and the control M4, which included fruits in different ripening stages, ripe (R), overripe (OV), semi-ripe (SR) and unripe (UR), in different proportions in experimental units of 10 kg of harvested coffee. The experimental design envisaged 3 rounds (repetitions) of harvest. The harvested coffee was classified manually according to its ripening stage using a previously developed scale based on colorimetry and recording the degrees Brix of 50 fruits in each ripening stage. The standardized wet processing method was carried out; a Q Grader cupping panel of five members was used for the sensory analysis of the coffee drink. Results: The results showed that for the variety Caturra statistical differences in cup quality between treatments were not found, whereas for the variety Colombia, treatments M1 and M3 showed similar behavior, with statistically significant differences regarding M2 and M4. Finally, the mathematical modeling obtained to predict the cup score depending on the coffee ripening stages composition, counted with coefficients of determination R2 of 0.946 and 0.852 with an error of 1.40 and 1.03% for the varieties Caturra and Colombia, respectively. Conclusions: The model developed with fuzzy logic and validated with information from other farms, presented an error of less than 2% in the estimation of the cup as a function of the ripening stages composition of the coffee varieties Caturra and Colombia
{"title":"Evaluation of the composition effect of harvested coffee in the organoleptic properties of coffee drink","authors":"C. Martínez, T. I. D. Arístizabal, C. Moreno","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current flourishing of the specialty coffee market has motivated the development of this research on the basis that the harvested coffee fruits are a determining factor in drink quality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the composition of harvested coffee (Coffea arabica L.) regarding the organoleptic quality of the coffee drink for the varieties Caturra and Colombia. Methods: Treatments for the assessed varieties were defined with different percentage compositions of coffee fruits M1 (100R), M2 (80R, 13OV, 7SR), M3 (60R, 26OV, 12SR, 2UR) and the control M4, which included fruits in different ripening stages, ripe (R), overripe (OV), semi-ripe (SR) and unripe (UR), in different proportions in experimental units of 10 kg of harvested coffee. The experimental design envisaged 3 rounds (repetitions) of harvest. The harvested coffee was classified manually according to its ripening stage using a previously developed scale based on colorimetry and recording the degrees Brix of 50 fruits in each ripening stage. The standardized wet processing method was carried out; a Q Grader cupping panel of five members was used for the sensory analysis of the coffee drink. Results: The results showed that for the variety Caturra statistical differences in cup quality between treatments were not found, whereas for the variety Colombia, treatments M1 and M3 showed similar behavior, with statistically significant differences regarding M2 and M4. Finally, the mathematical modeling obtained to predict the cup score depending on the coffee ripening stages composition, counted with coefficients of determination R2 of 0.946 and 0.852 with an error of 1.40 and 1.03% for the varieties Caturra and Colombia, respectively. Conclusions: The model developed with fuzzy logic and validated with information from other farms, presented an error of less than 2% in the estimation of the cup as a function of the ripening stages composition of the coffee varieties Caturra and Colombia","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"34 1","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81104676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-27DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A02
P. Mastroianni, F. Varallo, M. A. Costa, L. V. Sacramento
Background: The use of herbal medicines is justified empirically using ethnopharmacological knowledge, which has limitations. Reports of adverse events (AE) may contribute for safety, quality, and effectiveness assessment. Objectives: This study aimed to develop an instrument to allow detection and evaluation of the causal likelihood of AE related to herbal medicines. Methods: A quantitative methodological development research intervention was performed with primary care health professionals. Two cases were distributed in an interval of one week in order to allow for completion of the proposal form. The within-rater reliability was calculated and classified into satisfactory, regular, and unsatisfactory, according to essential, necessary, and recommended items reported. Results: Fifty-seven professionals were enrolled. A high degree of the within-rater reliability was observed for the most essential, necessary, and recommended fields. The instrument contributed to assessment of definite causal association, once the duration of reactions including evolution, withdrawal, and reposition items showed high reliability. Most fields poor and weak filled were related to quality defects, such as popular name and appearance. Conclusions: Data suggest the instrument is adequate to report AE arising from herbal medicines. Owing to information regarding to organoleptic characteristics, the instrument is different from drug instruments. Therefore, it is intended to improve AE reports related to herbal medicines and contribute for appropriate use.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENT TO REPORT AND ASSESS CAUSALITY OF ADVERSE EVENTS RELATED TO HERBAL MEDICINES","authors":"P. Mastroianni, F. Varallo, M. A. Costa, L. V. Sacramento","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of herbal medicines is justified empirically using ethnopharmacological knowledge, which has limitations. Reports of adverse events (AE) may contribute for safety, quality, and effectiveness assessment. Objectives: This study aimed to develop an instrument to allow detection and evaluation of the causal likelihood of AE related to herbal medicines. Methods: A quantitative methodological development research intervention was performed with primary care health professionals. Two cases were distributed in an interval of one week in order to allow for completion of the proposal form. The within-rater reliability was calculated and classified into satisfactory, regular, and unsatisfactory, according to essential, necessary, and recommended items reported. Results: Fifty-seven professionals were enrolled. A high degree of the within-rater reliability was observed for the most essential, necessary, and recommended fields. The instrument contributed to assessment of definite causal association, once the duration of reactions including evolution, withdrawal, and reposition items showed high reliability. Most fields poor and weak filled were related to quality defects, such as popular name and appearance. Conclusions: Data suggest the instrument is adequate to report AE arising from herbal medicines. Owing to information regarding to organoleptic characteristics, the instrument is different from drug instruments. Therefore, it is intended to improve AE reports related to herbal medicines and contribute for appropriate use.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"24 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85037922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-27DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A03
Ana M Henao-Duque, B. Rodríguez, J. A. Pereañez, Tatiana Lobo-Echeverri, V. Rangel
Background: The mahogany tree ( Swietenia macrophylla King) is widely used in traditional medicine, especially its seeds, which are used in Malaysia, Indonesia and some countries of South America. Recently an active fraction of the leaf ethanolic extract (labelled “Sm13-16,23”), showed promising results against some toxins of South American pit vipers. Objective: In this study the aim was to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of fraction Sm13-16,23 from the leaf ethanolic extract, using Swiss Webster mice. Materials and Methods: Fraction Sm13-16,23 was administered orally in a single dose to 2000 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, clinical follow-up for 14 days was performed and then euthanasia, necropsy and histopathology of organs were performed . Results: Overall, there were not deaths recorded during the study period. Further not signs of toxicity in doses of 300mg/Kg were observed, but at doses of 2000 mg/kg, histopathological lesions in the liver, as karyomegaly and the binucleation were observed. Conclusion: Fraction Sm13-16,23 does not produce toxicity lesion at doses of 300mg/kg, indicating that the acute oral toxicity risk is low.
{"title":"Acute Oral Toxicity from a Fraction Rich in Phenolic Compounds from the Leaf Extract of Swietenia macrophylla King in a Murine Model","authors":"Ana M Henao-Duque, B. Rodríguez, J. A. Pereañez, Tatiana Lobo-Echeverri, V. Rangel","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V24N1A03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mahogany tree ( Swietenia macrophylla King) is widely used in traditional medicine, especially its seeds, which are used in Malaysia, Indonesia and some countries of South America. Recently an active fraction of the leaf ethanolic extract (labelled “Sm13-16,23”), showed promising results against some toxins of South American pit vipers. Objective: In this study the aim was to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of fraction Sm13-16,23 from the leaf ethanolic extract, using Swiss Webster mice. Materials and Methods: Fraction Sm13-16,23 was administered orally in a single dose to 2000 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, clinical follow-up for 14 days was performed and then euthanasia, necropsy and histopathology of organs were performed . Results: Overall, there were not deaths recorded during the study period. Further not signs of toxicity in doses of 300mg/Kg were observed, but at doses of 2000 mg/kg, histopathological lesions in the liver, as karyomegaly and the binucleation were observed. Conclusion: Fraction Sm13-16,23 does not produce toxicity lesion at doses of 300mg/kg, indicating that the acute oral toxicity risk is low.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"2 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83342761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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