Milla Nursadida, W. Widjiati, Imam Mustofa, E. Safitri, S. Susilowati, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi
The success of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture depends on the success of in vitro maturation. However, standard culture conditions usually increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been implicated as a major cause for reduced embryonicdevelopment. It is well-known that higher than physiological levels of ROS trigger granulosa cell apoptosis and thereby reduce the transfer of nutrients and survival factors to oocytes, leading to apoptosis. This study aimed to determine the optimal timing ofoocyte maturation and its relationship to DNA fragmentation. Ovaries were collected from a slaughterhouse and the follicles aspirated. The cumulus oocyte complexes were divided into groups and transferred to a maturation medium, where they were maintained for 18 hours (P1), 22 hours (P2) and 24 hours (P3) to evaluated maturation rate. Matured oocytes were characterized as oocytes that reached the MII stage. Matured oocytes were counterstained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labelling (TUNEL). The results showed that the maturity rate of Kacang goat oocytes reached 46% after 18 hours, 77% after 22 hours, and 63% after 24 hours. However, the results showed that the expression of DNA fragmentation in P2 (2.4 ± 0.89) were significantly different from P1 (5.4 ± 2.61) and P3 (9.0 ± 2.12). In conclusion, the optimal timing of in vitro maturation of Kacang goat oocytes is 22 hours.
{"title":"The Effects of Duration of the In Vitro Maturation Process on the Maturation Level and Apoptosis of Kacang Goat","authors":"Milla Nursadida, W. Widjiati, Imam Mustofa, E. Safitri, S. Susilowati, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The success of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture depends on the success of in vitro maturation. However, standard culture conditions usually increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been implicated as a major cause for reduced embryonicdevelopment. It is well-known that higher than physiological levels of ROS trigger granulosa cell apoptosis and thereby reduce the transfer of nutrients and survival factors to oocytes, leading to apoptosis. This study aimed to determine the optimal timing ofoocyte maturation and its relationship to DNA fragmentation. Ovaries were collected from a slaughterhouse and the follicles aspirated. The cumulus oocyte complexes were divided into groups and transferred to a maturation medium, where they were maintained for 18 hours (P1), 22 hours (P2) and 24 hours (P3) to evaluated maturation rate. Matured oocytes were characterized as oocytes that reached the MII stage. Matured oocytes were counterstained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labelling (TUNEL). The results showed that the maturity rate of Kacang goat oocytes reached 46% after 18 hours, 77% after 22 hours, and 63% after 24 hours. However, the results showed that the expression of DNA fragmentation in P2 (2.4 ± 0.89) were significantly different from P1 (5.4 ± 2.61) and P3 (9.0 ± 2.12). In conclusion, the optimal timing of in vitro maturation of Kacang goat oocytes is 22 hours.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48797566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pleadin, Marina Jadrić, Nina Kudumija, M. Zadravec, G. Kiš, Ž. Mihaljević, Mario Škrivanko, M. Samardžija
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin of the genus Fusarium which belongs to the group of macrocyclic lactones. ZEN contamination occurs during cereal harvest or in the early phase of storage if drying was insufficient. The aim of this study was to determine the level of ZEN in feed mixtures given to pigs during the fattening period at three different farms in the Republic of Croatia, as also to determine ZEN levels in urine and meat taken from the same animals. The study also examined correlation between ZEN concentrations in urine and meat with the estimation of ZEN intake in the human body through meat consumption, expressed as a percentage of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). In total, 9 feed mixtures (3 samples per farm), 45 urine and 45 meat samples (from 15 animals per farm) were taken during 2021 from three pig farms located in eastern and central Croatia. ZEN concentrations were determined by the competitive enzyme ELISA method. All values in feed from all three farms were within maximum recommended limit (MRL) given in EU Recommendation, i.e., 250 μg/kg, though at one far, the levels recorded were just under the MRL. Monitoring of ZEN levels in urine can be used as an indicator for the detection of feed contamination with this mycotoxin. Although pigs were fed with feed with near the MRL level of contamination, a negligible percentage of TDI value was obtained for this mycotoxin for humans through meat consumption. However, since meat is just one component of the human diet, and in view of the fact that ZEN can be present in a number of foodstuffs, especially cereals, its total intake could be significantly higher than estimated herein.
{"title":"Zearalenone in feed, urine and meat from three pig farms in Croatia","authors":"J. Pleadin, Marina Jadrić, Nina Kudumija, M. Zadravec, G. Kiš, Ž. Mihaljević, Mario Škrivanko, M. Samardžija","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin of the genus Fusarium which belongs to the group of macrocyclic lactones. ZEN contamination occurs during cereal harvest or in the early phase of storage if drying was insufficient. The aim of this study was to determine the level of ZEN in feed mixtures given to pigs during the fattening period at three different farms in the Republic of Croatia, as also to determine ZEN levels in urine and meat taken from the same animals. The study also examined correlation between ZEN concentrations in urine and meat with the estimation of ZEN intake in the human body through meat consumption, expressed as a percentage of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). In total, 9 feed mixtures (3 samples per farm), 45 urine and 45 meat samples (from 15 animals per farm) were taken during 2021 from three pig farms located in eastern and central Croatia. ZEN concentrations were determined by the competitive enzyme ELISA method. All values in feed from all three farms were within maximum recommended limit (MRL) given in EU Recommendation, i.e., 250 μg/kg, though at one far, the levels recorded were just under the MRL. Monitoring of ZEN levels in urine can be used as an indicator for the detection of feed contamination with this mycotoxin. Although pigs were fed with feed with near the MRL level of contamination, a negligible percentage of TDI value was obtained for this mycotoxin for humans through meat consumption. However, since meat is just one component of the human diet, and in view of the fact that ZEN can be present in a number of foodstuffs, especially cereals, its total intake could be significantly higher than estimated herein.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42785402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Igor Korkh, N. Boyko, Іvan Pomutin, A. Paliy, Olena Pavlichenko
New-born lambs are subjected to significant loads during rearing with the existing technologies of sheep farming. The stability and ability to adapt of newborn animals is not the same and is conditioned by different functional maturity, low resistance, and high susceptibility to extreme biotic and abiotic factors. Because of this, their physiological condition deteriorates, the body defenses decrease, which most often leads to a decrease in productivity, an increase in morbidity and mortality. Knowledge about the development of the clinical condition and thermoregulation in lambs during early ontogenesis is quite limited, which determines the relevance and expediency of the work conducted, the purpose of which was to investigate the peculiarities of the formation of adaptive capacity in newborn lambs during the first day of postnatal rearing. As part of the experiment, it has been determined that the body temperature of the lambs on the first day after birth varied with different intensity from the initial value. This was affected by the differences in the modules of its deviation, which made it possible to distinguish three groups with different levels of thermoregulation processes. Lambs of group I were the most viable, which were born with 5.1 and 9.9% more live weight at a higher metabolic rate of 1.0378 vs. 1.0331 and 1.0300 in lambs of groups II and III and reliably higher by 5.0 and 14.9% of pulse rate parameters and 4.7 and 27.7% of breathing rhythm, thereby ensuring sufficient functioning of thermoregulation mechanisms. It was found that the level and nature of the correlation between live weight and physiological indicators (live weight, pulse and breathing rates) indicate the multi-vector relationship in lambs with different body temperature deviation modules. These dependencies were especially clearly manifested in individuals of the group I (r=-0.522; r=0.362; r=0.707, respectively). It was recorded that the microclimate in the room for keeping ewes and newborn lambs in terms of hydrogen sulfide content almost twice exceeded the technological norm of industry-specific process engineering standard, while other zoohygienic parameters approached its upper limit.
{"title":"Features of the formation of lambs' adaptive capacity in the first day of life","authors":"Igor Korkh, N. Boyko, Іvan Pomutin, A. Paliy, Olena Pavlichenko","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"New-born lambs are subjected to significant loads during rearing with the existing technologies of sheep farming. The stability and ability to adapt of newborn animals is not the same and is conditioned by different functional maturity, low resistance, and high susceptibility to extreme biotic and abiotic factors. Because of this, their physiological condition deteriorates, the body defenses decrease, which most often leads to a decrease in productivity, an increase in morbidity and mortality. Knowledge about the development of the clinical condition and thermoregulation in lambs during early ontogenesis is quite limited, which determines the relevance and expediency of the work conducted, the purpose of which was to investigate the peculiarities of the formation of adaptive capacity in newborn lambs during the first day of postnatal rearing. As part of the experiment, it has been determined that the body temperature of the lambs on the first day after birth varied with different intensity from the initial value. This was affected by the differences in the modules of its deviation, which made it possible to distinguish three groups with different levels of thermoregulation processes. Lambs of group I were the most viable, which were born with 5.1 and 9.9% more live weight at a higher metabolic rate of 1.0378 vs. 1.0331 and 1.0300 in lambs of groups II and III and reliably higher by 5.0 and 14.9% of pulse rate parameters and 4.7 and 27.7% of breathing rhythm, thereby ensuring sufficient functioning of thermoregulation mechanisms. It was found that the level and nature of the correlation between live weight and physiological indicators (live weight, pulse and breathing rates) indicate the multi-vector relationship in lambs with different body temperature deviation modules. These dependencies were especially clearly manifested in individuals of the group I (r=-0.522; r=0.362; r=0.707, respectively). It was recorded that the microclimate in the room for keeping ewes and newborn lambs in terms of hydrogen sulfide content almost twice exceeded the technological norm of industry-specific process engineering standard, while other zoohygienic parameters approached its upper limit.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Alves Rodrigues, A. Coelho, M. Fontes, A. Esteves, José Álvaro Costa
Nowadays, dogs and cats are considered family members, translating into increased proximity to humans. Studies have shown that 40-60% of owners have very close interactions e.g., sharing the same dish, face lickings, or sleeping on the same bed. This promotes the exchange of microorganisms between species. Therefore, an One Health approach should be applied to encompass both human and animal health problems. In this study, 37 cases of companion animals (54.1% dogs and 45.9% cats) in a veterinary clinic in northern Portugal were analysed, and urinary and eye infections, respiratory conditions, and dermatological problems were confirmed. According to sample type, 43.2% were from urine, 13.5% from ear exudate, 8.1% from skin exudate, 8.1% from trachealexudate, 2.7% from vaginal exudate, 2.7% from conjunctiva exudate, 2.7% from purulent exudate, 2.7% from bronchoalveolar exudate, 2.7% from ocular exudate, and 2.7% from blood. In all, 21 pathogen species were isolated, of which Pantoea agglomerans, Cronobacter sakazakii, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Sphingomonas paucimobilis are currently considered emerging agents of human infection. The occurrence of these species was 2.4% for Leclercia adecarboxylata (one young male cat), 2.4% for Pantoea agglomerans (one adult male dog), 2.4% for Cronobacter sakazakii (one adult male dog), and 2.4% for Sphingomonas paucimobilis (one adult male dog). Leclercia adecarboxylata is a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a ‘novel’ rare human pathogen, mostly affecting immunocompromised individuals or causing polymicrobial infections in immunocompetent patients. Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging foodborne pathogen that causes necrotizing enterocolitis and bacteremia in humans, Pantoea agglomerans is associated with a hospital-acquired infection, mostly in immunocompromised individuals with a fatal outcome. Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging opportunistic bacterium with a particular tropism toward bones and soft tissues. The intimate relationship between humans and companion animals presents a potential risk for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, more research based on an One Health approach should be performed to more accurately determine the occurrence and incidence of emerging agents between species.
{"title":"Isolation of emerging human pathogens and foodborne pathogens in clinical cases of infections from dogs and cats admitted to a veterinary clinic in northern Portugal","authors":"Melissa Alves Rodrigues, A. Coelho, M. Fontes, A. Esteves, José Álvaro Costa","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, dogs and cats are considered family members, translating into increased proximity to humans. Studies have shown that 40-60% of owners have very close interactions e.g., sharing the same dish, face lickings, or sleeping on the same bed. This promotes the exchange of microorganisms between species. Therefore, an One Health approach should be applied to encompass both human and animal health problems. In this study, 37 cases of companion animals (54.1% dogs and 45.9% cats) in a veterinary clinic in northern Portugal were analysed, and urinary and eye infections, respiratory conditions, and dermatological problems were confirmed. According to sample type, 43.2% were from urine, 13.5% from ear exudate, 8.1% from skin exudate, 8.1% from trachealexudate, 2.7% from vaginal exudate, 2.7% from conjunctiva exudate, 2.7% from purulent exudate, 2.7% from bronchoalveolar exudate, 2.7% from ocular exudate, and 2.7% from blood. In all, 21 pathogen species were isolated, of which Pantoea agglomerans, Cronobacter sakazakii, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Sphingomonas paucimobilis are currently considered emerging agents of human infection. The occurrence of these species was 2.4% for Leclercia adecarboxylata (one young male cat), 2.4% for Pantoea agglomerans (one adult male dog), 2.4% for Cronobacter sakazakii (one adult male dog), and 2.4% for Sphingomonas paucimobilis (one adult male dog). Leclercia adecarboxylata is a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a ‘novel’ rare human pathogen, mostly affecting immunocompromised individuals or causing polymicrobial infections in immunocompetent patients. Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging foodborne pathogen that causes necrotizing enterocolitis and bacteremia in humans, Pantoea agglomerans is associated with a hospital-acquired infection, mostly in immunocompromised individuals with a fatal outcome. Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging opportunistic bacterium with a particular tropism toward bones and soft tissues. The intimate relationship between humans and companion animals presents a potential risk for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, more research based on an One Health approach should be performed to more accurately determine the occurrence and incidence of emerging agents between species.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45027949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Muftić, Zejd Imamović, Muhamed Bisić, Jovana Šupić, A. Alić, Emina Muftić
The objective of this paper was to create an economical and abecedarian 3D printing method for the production of solid microneedles, as a more efficient transdermal drug delivery method, for day-to-day use in companion animals. The process of 3D printing was conducted using two types of 3D printers, utilizing the FDM and SLA printing techniques. Modulus of Elasticity was calculated for the determination of mechanical properties of the material, wherethe printed specimen was subjected to axial loading, and deformations were measured using an optical scanner. Post-processing was conducted by washing microneedles in isopropyl alcohol, followed by UV curing. The procedure of testing penetration capabilities was conducted at two sites of cat skin: Auris externa and the lateral part of the abdomen. The SLA printing method was more precise, resulting in higher quality microneedles for animal use compared to the FDM printing technique. Modulus of Elasticity was calculated and the value E=0.9 GPa can be used. Testing proved that the printed model was able to penetrate the skin at the tested sites. The use of microneedles is simple and economical, and therefore has wide applications in small animal practice. Veterinarians can access microneedle design repositories and print them for more effective transdermal drug delivery. The multifunctionality and transferability of the design in the present study ensure that it can be further modified to provide personalized therapy.
{"title":"Development of solid microneedles for transdermal drug delivery in companion animals","authors":"A. Muftić, Zejd Imamović, Muhamed Bisić, Jovana Šupić, A. Alić, Emina Muftić","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper was to create an economical and abecedarian 3D printing method for the production of solid microneedles, as a more efficient transdermal drug delivery method, for day-to-day use in companion animals. The process of 3D printing was conducted using two types of 3D printers, utilizing the FDM and SLA printing techniques. Modulus of Elasticity was calculated for the determination of mechanical properties of the material, wherethe printed specimen was subjected to axial loading, and deformations were measured using an optical scanner. Post-processing was conducted by washing microneedles in isopropyl alcohol, followed by UV curing. The procedure of testing penetration capabilities was conducted at two sites of cat skin: Auris externa and the lateral part of the abdomen. The SLA printing method was more precise, resulting in higher quality microneedles for animal use compared to the FDM printing technique. Modulus of Elasticity was calculated and the value E=0.9 GPa can be used. Testing proved that the printed model was able to penetrate the skin at the tested sites. The use of microneedles is simple and economical, and therefore has wide applications in small animal practice. Veterinarians can access microneedle design repositories and print them for more effective transdermal drug delivery. The multifunctionality and transferability of the design in the present study ensure that it can be further modified to provide personalized therapy.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin treatment on the ewe’s and ram’s reproductive activity, out-of-season breeding, usually matching with spring. The eighty four adult ewes and 16 genitor rams of Ouled Djellal breed, taken randomly out of a 176 ovine flock were treated with respectively 1 or 3 melatonin subcutaneous ear implants (Melovine). The 76 non-treated remaining ewes served as the control group. The rams, kept separately from the females, had scrotal perimeters measured before (PS1) and 47 days after (PS2) melatonin treatment, before they were allowed to run with the ewes. The analysis of the lambing rates had not shown anysignificant difference (P>0.05) between the melatonin treated ewes and those of the control group (90.4% vs. 97.3%) which proves that their sexual activity is not under photoperiod control. However, the analysis by the t-test of the paired samples of the ram’s scrotal perimeters had shown a significant difference (P<0.05) between the measurements before and after melatonin treatment in rams which proves the potential effect of this hormone on daily sperm output. During the study period, no effect on female sexual activity has been noted. In Ouled Djellal sheep breed, melatonin use is not recommended in ewes but it can be useful in rams since it enhances sexual capacity during mating.
该研究旨在研究外源性褪黑素处理对母羊和公羊的繁殖活动的影响，这些繁殖活动通常与春季相匹配。选取176只母羊，随机选取84只成年母羊和16只母羊，分别进行1次或3次褪黑素耳植入术治疗。其余76只未处理母羊作为对照组。与母羊分开饲养的公羊在褪黑素治疗前(PS1)和治疗后47天(PS2)测量了阴囊周长，然后才被允许与母羊一起跑步。分析显示，褪黑素处理母羊的产羔率与对照组(90.4% vs. 97.3%)无显著差异(P>0.05)，证明它们的性活动不受光周期控制。然而，对公羊阴囊周长配对样本的t检验分析显示，在公羊褪黑素治疗前后的测量结果有显著差异(P<0.05)，这证明了这种激素对每日精子产量的潜在影响。在研究期间，没有注意到对女性性活动的影响。在Ouled Djellal羊品种中，不建议在母羊中使用褪黑素，但在公羊中可能有用，因为它可以增强交配期间的性能力。
{"title":"Uporaba egzogenog melatonina u Ouled Djellal ovaca i ovnova izvan sezone parenja","authors":"Maha Adnane, Kamel Miroud","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin treatment on the ewe’s and ram’s reproductive activity, out-of-season breeding, usually matching with spring. The eighty four adult ewes and 16 genitor rams of Ouled Djellal breed, taken randomly out of a 176 ovine flock were treated with respectively 1 or 3 melatonin subcutaneous ear implants (Melovine). The 76 non-treated remaining ewes served as the control group. The rams, kept separately from the females, had scrotal perimeters measured before (PS1) and 47 days after (PS2) melatonin treatment, before they were allowed to run with the ewes. The analysis of the lambing rates had not shown anysignificant difference (P>0.05) between the melatonin treated ewes and those of the control group (90.4% vs. 97.3%) which proves that their sexual activity is not under photoperiod control. However, the analysis by the t-test of the paired samples of the ram’s scrotal perimeters had shown a significant difference (P<0.05) between the measurements before and after melatonin treatment in rams which proves the potential effect of this hormone on daily sperm output. During the study period, no effect on female sexual activity has been noted. In Ouled Djellal sheep breed, melatonin use is not recommended in ewes but it can be useful in rams since it enhances sexual capacity during mating.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43503913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milk is a very complex nutrient and differs significantly between species. Monotreme and Marsupial milk contains only trace amounts of lactose, whereas in Eutherian species, lactose is the predominant saccharide. Within the Eutheria, the composition varies from 8.5% in Indian rhinoceros to 63.8% in Grey seal in concentration; from 0.3% in Indian rhinoceros to 9.3% in elephants in total fat; from 1.2% in Indian rhinoceros to 12.8% in Fin whale in total protein; and finally from 0.8% in Great panda to 6.5% in Indian rhinoceros in lactose. Milk components change during lactation and, especially in Marsupials, this should be considered in artificial feeding. Other factors to be taken into account are the amino acid panel, whey and casein fractions, iron and immunological components. In wildlife nursing, we often come across orphaned neonates that require artificial feeding. However, there are no specific formulas for each wildlife baby. The aim of this review is to compare which artificial milk replacer is best suited for selected species of wildlife neonates.
{"title":"Umjetno mlijeko za novorođenu siročad divljih životinja","authors":"Manca Novak, Otto Szenci","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is a very complex nutrient and differs significantly between species. Monotreme and Marsupial milk contains only trace amounts of lactose, whereas in Eutherian species, lactose is the predominant saccharide. Within the Eutheria, the composition varies from 8.5% in Indian rhinoceros to 63.8% in Grey seal in concentration; from 0.3% in Indian rhinoceros to 9.3% in elephants in total fat; from 1.2% in Indian rhinoceros to 12.8% in Fin whale in total protein; and finally from 0.8% in Great panda to 6.5% in Indian rhinoceros in lactose. Milk components change during lactation and, especially in Marsupials, this should be considered in artificial feeding. Other factors to be taken into account are the amino acid panel, whey and casein fractions, iron and immunological components. In wildlife nursing, we often come across orphaned neonates that require artificial feeding. However, there are no specific formulas for each wildlife baby. The aim of this review is to compare which artificial milk replacer is best suited for selected species of wildlife neonates.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48775416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiago Azevedo, Jéssica Silva, F. Peixoto, A. Silvestre-Ferreira, A. Gama, F. Seixas, T. Finimundy, Lilian Barros, Manuela Matos, Paula A. Oliveira, A. Faustino-Rocha, Abigaël Valada, Lara Anjos, Tânia Moura, Rafaela Ferreira, Marlene Santos, M. J. Pires, M. Neuparth
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, and a leading cause of death worldwide. Santolina chamaecyparissus L. is a plant with multiple health benefits, including anticancer and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to assess the chemopreventive effects of S. chamaecyparissus aqueous extract (SCE) in an animal model of mammary cancer. A total of 28 four-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, MNU-induced (IND), SCE-supplemented (SCE), and SCE+IND. SCE was added to drinking water (12.72 mg/kg body weight) ad libitum. MNU was administered via the intraperitoneal route at 50 days of age. Weekly monitoring of body weight, food/drink intake, humane endpoints, and number of mammary tumours were recorded. Twenty weeks after MNU administration, animals were sacrificed by anaesthetic overdose and a necropsy was performed. Blood samples were used to determine blood count and serum biochemistry analysis, while kidney and liver samples were analysed for oxidative stress. Tumour samples were collected for gene expression and histology studies. SCE chemical composition was analysed by LC-MS and contained 19 phenolic compounds, with the most abundant being myricetin-O-glucuronide and 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Two animals in the IND group were sacrificed due to exceeding the humane endpoint limits. SCE supplementation delayed mammary tumour development, reducing its volume and weight. SCE had a positive impact on haematological parameters, particularly the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.026). No significant differences were observed in serum biochemistry, except for creatinine kinase MB, or in oxidative stress markers. Gene expression analysis showed significantly reduced VEGF expression levels (P=0.0158) in tumours from SCE+IND. These findings suggest that SCE is deserving of further study to identify the individual compounds and to understand its influence on animal models during cancer development.
乳腺癌是女性中诊断最多的癌症，也是世界范围内导致死亡的主要原因。圣莲是一种具有多种健康益处的植物，包括抗癌和抗糖尿病的特性。本研究旨在探讨沙棘水提物(SCE)对乳腺癌动物模型的化学预防作用。将28只4周龄雌性Wistar大鼠分为对照组、mnu诱导组(IND)、SCE补充组(SCE)和SCE+IND组。饮用水中随意添加SCE (12.72 mg/kg体重)。在50日龄时通过腹腔注射MNU。每周监测体重、食物/饮料摄入量、人道终点和乳腺肿瘤数量。MNU给药20周后，用麻醉过量处死动物，并进行尸检。血液样本用于测定血细胞计数和血清生化分析，同时分析肾脏和肝脏样本的氧化应激。收集肿瘤样本进行基因表达和组织学研究。用LC-MS分析了SCE的化学成分，共含有19种酚类化合物，其中含量最多的是杨梅素- o -葡萄糖醛酸和1,3- o -二咖啡酰奎宁酸。IND组中有2只动物因超过人道终点限制而被处死。补充SCE延缓了乳腺肿瘤的发展，减少了肿瘤的体积和重量。SCE对血液学参数有积极影响，特别是中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比率(P=0.026)。除肌酐激酶MB和氧化应激标志物外，两组血清生化指标无显著差异。基因表达分析显示，SCE+IND肿瘤中VEGF表达水平显著降低(P=0.0158)。这些发现表明，SCE值得进一步研究，以确定单个化合物，并了解其在癌症发展过程中对动物模型的影响。
{"title":"The role of natural compounds in rat mammary cancer: the beneficial effects of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. aqueous extract","authors":"Tiago Azevedo, Jéssica Silva, F. Peixoto, A. Silvestre-Ferreira, A. Gama, F. Seixas, T. Finimundy, Lilian Barros, Manuela Matos, Paula A. Oliveira, A. Faustino-Rocha, Abigaël Valada, Lara Anjos, Tânia Moura, Rafaela Ferreira, Marlene Santos, M. J. Pires, M. Neuparth","doi":"10.46419/vs.55.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, and a leading cause of death worldwide. Santolina chamaecyparissus L. is a plant with multiple health benefits, including anticancer and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to assess the chemopreventive effects of S. chamaecyparissus aqueous extract (SCE) in an animal model of mammary cancer. A total of 28 four-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, MNU-induced (IND), SCE-supplemented (SCE), and SCE+IND. SCE was added to drinking water (12.72 mg/kg body weight) ad libitum. MNU was administered via the intraperitoneal route at 50 days of age. Weekly monitoring of body weight, food/drink intake, humane endpoints, and number of mammary tumours were recorded. Twenty weeks after MNU administration, animals were sacrificed by anaesthetic overdose and a necropsy was performed. Blood samples were used to determine blood count and serum biochemistry analysis, while kidney and liver samples were analysed for oxidative stress. Tumour samples were collected for gene expression and histology studies. SCE chemical composition was analysed by LC-MS and contained 19 phenolic compounds, with the most abundant being myricetin-O-glucuronide and 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Two animals in the IND group were sacrificed due to exceeding the humane endpoint limits. SCE supplementation delayed mammary tumour development, reducing its volume and weight. SCE had a positive impact on haematological parameters, particularly the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.026). No significant differences were observed in serum biochemistry, except for creatinine kinase MB, or in oxidative stress markers. Gene expression analysis showed significantly reduced VEGF expression levels (P=0.0158) in tumours from SCE+IND. These findings suggest that SCE is deserving of further study to identify the individual compounds and to understand its influence on animal models during cancer development.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dora Bjedov, Bruna Žižanović, Marin Vitman, Anita Rakitić, Tatjana Šalika-Todorović, Mirta Sudarić Bogojević, Mislav Kovačić, A. Mikuška
Zoos are our closest, independent, and continuous link to nature. Apart from providing the opportunity to observe captive and exotic wild animals, they also attract various species of wild birds. For that purpose, the main goal of this study was to provide a list of free-living bird species at the Osijek Zoo. During 2021, fieldwork was performed monthly using a point count transect, except during the breeding season when counts were performed twice a month. A total of 61 species were recorded, belonging to 31 families distributed in 15 orders. The most frequently recorded species were Hooded crow, Corvus cornix and Great tit, Parus major. Five species observed at the Osijek Zoo are listed as endangered species in the Red Book of Birds of Croatia: critically endangered: European roller, Coracias garrulus; endangered: Great egret, Ardea alba and Western marsh harrier, Circus aeruginosus; vulnerable: Little egret, Egretta garzetta and Black stork, Ciconia nigra. It appears that the Osijek Zoo provides a good foundation for a high diversity of bird fauna, indicating that this is a good quality urban area. The Osijek Zoo should also strive to preserve this abundant avifauna, by educating the public on conservation, and forbidding any potentially disturbing behaviours.
{"title":"Conservation of birds in an urban environment – wild bird fauna at the Osijek Zoo, Croatia","authors":"Dora Bjedov, Bruna Žižanović, Marin Vitman, Anita Rakitić, Tatjana Šalika-Todorović, Mirta Sudarić Bogojević, Mislav Kovačić, A. Mikuška","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Zoos are our closest, independent, and continuous link to nature. Apart from providing the opportunity to observe captive and exotic wild animals, they also attract various species of wild birds. For that purpose, the main goal of this study was to provide a list of free-living bird species at the Osijek Zoo. During 2021, fieldwork was performed monthly using a point count transect, except during the breeding season when counts were performed twice a month. A total of 61 species were recorded, belonging to 31 families distributed in 15 orders. The most frequently recorded species were Hooded crow, Corvus cornix and Great tit, Parus major. Five species observed at the Osijek Zoo are listed as endangered species in the Red Book of Birds of Croatia: critically endangered: European roller, Coracias garrulus; endangered: Great egret, Ardea alba and Western marsh harrier, Circus aeruginosus; vulnerable: Little egret, Egretta garzetta and Black stork, Ciconia nigra. It appears that the Osijek Zoo provides a good foundation for a high diversity of bird fauna, indicating that this is a good quality urban area. The Osijek Zoo should also strive to preserve this abundant avifauna, by educating the public on conservation, and forbidding any potentially disturbing behaviours.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42114418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Giraldo-Arboleda, Juan Carlos Zapata-Martinez, L. Osorio-Morales, F. Pedraza-Ordóñez
Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue in human society. In the field of veterinary medicine, there are guidelines that are intended to assist with the decision-making around euthanasia and reduce the possible ethical and moral conflicts involved with these situations. In this review, we have collected the existing information that allows veterinarians to better understand the factors surrounding the practice of euthanasia. Specific literature on topics such as the pathophysiology of pain in animals, clinical situations that could lead to a decision to euthanise an animal, possible ethical and moral conflicts, the management of emotions by animal tutors, etc. This article provides a general and practical overview of this potentially complex issue for the benefit of students, veterinarians, and the general public from both an ethical and medical point of view, and covers the fundamental concepts and notions that can facilitate decision-making concerning the euthanasia of animals. Ethical practices in veterinary medicine and the correct application of animal welfare principals are central to making such decisions responsibly.
{"title":"Ethical and scientific considerations when making decisions to euthanise companion animals","authors":"Carolina Giraldo-Arboleda, Juan Carlos Zapata-Martinez, L. Osorio-Morales, F. Pedraza-Ordóñez","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue in human society. In the field of veterinary medicine, there are guidelines that are intended to assist with the decision-making around euthanasia and reduce the possible ethical and moral conflicts involved with these situations. In this review, we have collected the existing information that allows veterinarians to better understand the factors surrounding the practice of euthanasia. Specific literature on topics such as the pathophysiology of pain in animals, clinical situations that could lead to a decision to euthanise an animal, possible ethical and moral conflicts, the management of emotions by animal tutors, etc. This article provides a general and practical overview of this potentially complex issue for the benefit of students, veterinarians, and the general public from both an ethical and medical point of view, and covers the fundamental concepts and notions that can facilitate decision-making concerning the euthanasia of animals. Ethical practices in veterinary medicine and the correct application of animal welfare principals are central to making such decisions responsibly.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46284542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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