A. Fomina, M. Vakulenko, Tikhon Krakhmalev, Tatiana Burok
Pets living in urban agglomerations are subject to numerous risk factors that provoke health problems. One of these factors is a violation of the “wakefulness-sleep” cycle. A sleep-deprived animal is in a state of serious stress, since this condition is more difficult to tolerate than food deprivation, making the animal more susceptible to health decline factors. Due to this problem, sleep hygiene plays an important role in ensuring the wellfare of pet dogs. The article provides an overview of modern studies on the specificities of the sleep-wake cycles in domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.). Modern data on the general physiology of mammal sleep, especially pet dogs, are examined. Methods to analyses the features of the sleep cycles of dogs and their possible disorders are given. Also, we discuss the influence of co-sleeping of a person and a dog on the quality of sleep of both.
{"title":"How are you sleeping, my beloved dog? Healthy sleep of pet dogs as a factor of welfare","authors":"A. Fomina, M. Vakulenko, Tikhon Krakhmalev, Tatiana Burok","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Pets living in urban agglomerations are subject to numerous risk factors that provoke health problems. One of these factors is a violation of the “wakefulness-sleep” cycle. A sleep-deprived animal is in a state of serious stress, since this condition is more difficult to tolerate than food deprivation, making the animal more susceptible to health decline factors. Due to this problem, sleep hygiene plays an important role in ensuring the wellfare of pet dogs. The article provides an overview of modern studies on the specificities of the sleep-wake cycles in domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.). Modern data on the general physiology of mammal sleep, especially pet dogs, are examined. Methods to analyses the features of the sleep cycles of dogs and their possible disorders are given. Also, we discuss the influence of co-sleeping of a person and a dog on the quality of sleep of both.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42474614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Berendika, Gabrijela Krivec, Tihomir Zglavnik, Marijana Sokolović
Soja je jedan od najkvalitetnijih izvora biljnih proteina u proizvodnji hrane za životinje. Preradom zrna soje dobivaju se proizvodi koji se koriste i za prehranu ljudi, a i kao sirovina u prehrambenoj, kemijskoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. Kvalitetan uzgoj soje ovisi o brojnim faktorima kao što su: odgovarajuće tlo, svjetlo, vlaga i izbor sorte; soja je i dobar izvor bjelančevina, ulja, ugljikohidrata, minerala (kalija, fosfora, sumpora, kalcija, željeza, magnezija, natrija i dr.), vitamina, esencijalnih i neesecijalnih aminokiselina. U sojinom zrnu prisutne su antinutritivne tvari (termolabilne i termostabilne) koje nisu probavljive i/ili negativno utječu na probavu i prouzroče sporiji rast životinja. Pravilnom tehnološkom obradom soje antinutritivne tvari se mogu potpuno i/ili djelomično inaktivirati. Laboratorijskim analizama moguće je utvrditi je li obrada pravilno provedena i jesu li vrijednosti antinutrijenata u odgovarajućem rasponu. Analizom uzoraka soje i proizvoda iz soje u Laboratoriju za analitiku stočne hrane, Podružnice Centar za peradarstvo, Hrvatskog veterinarskog instituta uočena su odstupanja u hranidbenom sastavu s obzirom na podrijetlo uzoraka koji nije uvijek naveden na dostavljenim uzorcima i/ili ne odgovara deklaraciji uzoraka (ako je dostupna), s obzirom na vrijednosti u tabelama kemijskog sastava i hranjive vrijednosti krmiva. Uzorcima su određeni osnovni kemijski parametri uključujući i mineralni sastav, vlaga, pepeo, sirova mast, sirova vlakna, sirove bjelančevine, šećer, topivost bjelančevina u 0,2 % - tnoj kalijevoj lužini, minerali (Ca, P, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, K), kloridi topivi u vodi, tripsin inhibitor i ureaza, primjenom standardnih analitičkih metoda. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio usporediti kvalitetu soje i proizvoda od soje (hranidbeni sastav) iz različitih izvora koji su dostupni u Republici Hrvatskoj i procijeniti njihovu potencijalnu primjenu u hranidbi životinja.
大豆是动物食品工业中质量最高的植物蛋白来源之一。Preradom zrna soje dobivaju提供了koji se koriste i za prehranu ljudi，i kao sirovina u prerambenoj，kemijskoj i farmaceutskoj industriji。优质大豆取决于许多因素，如：适宜的土壤、光照、水分和品种的选择；大豆也是白质、油、碳氢、矿物质（钙、磷、硫、钙、铁、镁、钠和dr）、维生素、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的良好来源。大豆中存在抗营养物质（不耐热和不稳定胆汁），这些物质不稳定和/或对试验不利，会导致动物生长缓慢。大豆抗体的常规技术处理可以完全和/或部分失活。实验室分析可以确定治疗是否正确进行，以及抗营养素值是否在适当范围内。克罗地亚兽医研究所药剂中心牲畜分析实验室对大豆样品和大豆制品的分析已被观察到是一种营养成分，因为所提供的样品中并不总是提到样品的来源和/或与样品声明不符（如有），基于化学表的值和饲料的食物值。使用标准分析方法，样品已确定了基本化学参数，包括矿物成分、水分、灰烬、生脂肪、生纤维、生白纤维、糖、0.2%氮浓度下的糖尿病、矿物（Ca、P、Na、Mn、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg、K）、盐酸托吡酯、tripsin抑制剂和尿素酶。这项研究的目的是比较克罗地亚共和国不同来源的大豆和大豆产品，并评估它们在动物营养中的潜在用途。
{"title":"Procjena kvalitete soje i sojinih proizvoda i njihove primjene u hranidbi","authors":"M. Berendika, Gabrijela Krivec, Tihomir Zglavnik, Marijana Sokolović","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Soja je jedan od najkvalitetnijih izvora biljnih proteina u proizvodnji hrane za životinje. Preradom zrna soje dobivaju se proizvodi koji se koriste i za prehranu ljudi, a i kao sirovina u prehrambenoj, kemijskoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. Kvalitetan uzgoj soje ovisi o brojnim faktorima kao što su: odgovarajuće tlo, svjetlo, vlaga i izbor sorte; soja je i dobar izvor bjelančevina, ulja, ugljikohidrata, minerala (kalija, fosfora, sumpora, kalcija, željeza, magnezija, natrija i dr.), vitamina, esencijalnih i neesecijalnih aminokiselina. U sojinom zrnu prisutne su antinutritivne tvari (termolabilne i termostabilne) koje nisu probavljive i/ili negativno utječu na probavu i prouzroče sporiji rast životinja. Pravilnom tehnološkom obradom soje antinutritivne tvari se mogu potpuno i/ili djelomično inaktivirati. Laboratorijskim analizama moguće je utvrditi je li obrada pravilno provedena i jesu li vrijednosti antinutrijenata u odgovarajućem rasponu. Analizom uzoraka soje i proizvoda iz soje u Laboratoriju za analitiku stočne hrane, Podružnice Centar za peradarstvo, Hrvatskog veterinarskog instituta uočena su odstupanja u hranidbenom sastavu s obzirom na podrijetlo uzoraka koji nije uvijek naveden na dostavljenim uzorcima i/ili ne odgovara deklaraciji uzoraka (ako je dostupna), s obzirom na vrijednosti u tabelama kemijskog sastava i hranjive vrijednosti krmiva. Uzorcima su određeni osnovni kemijski parametri uključujući i mineralni sastav, vlaga, pepeo, sirova mast, sirova vlakna, sirove bjelančevine, šećer, topivost bjelančevina u 0,2 % - tnoj kalijevoj lužini, minerali (Ca, P, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, K), kloridi topivi u vodi, tripsin inhibitor i ureaza, primjenom standardnih analitičkih metoda. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio usporediti kvalitetu soje i proizvoda od soje (hranidbeni sastav) iz različitih izvora koji su dostupni u Republici Hrvatskoj i procijeniti njihovu potencijalnu primjenu u hranidbi životinja.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41369802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Klara Klašterka, I. Butković, Juraj Grizelj, Iva Getz, Nikica Prvanović Babić, Marko Samardžija, Branimira Špoljarić, Ivan Folnožić, Martina Lojkić, Silvijo Vince, Goran Bačić, J. Šavorić, Tugomir Karadjole, Nino Maćešić
U životu mladunčadi mačića neonatalno razdoblje predstavlja prva dva do tri tjedna života. U tom razdoblju novorođenčad je u potpunosti ovisna o majci. Mladučad reagira samo na bol, dodir i miris, a razvijene su im samo motoričke funkcije. Smrtnost mačića u dobi od jednog do sedam dana je do 85 %, što je vrlo visok postotak uginuća. Glavni uzrok neonatalnog mortaliteta je hipoksija, gotovo uvijek praćena s hipotermijom, hipoglikemijom i dehidracijom. Ova četiri hitna stanja najčešće se pojavljuju odjednom i potrebno ih je rješavati pravilnim redoslijedom da ne bi prouzročili veću smrtnost. Za liječenje i dijagnosticiranje ova četiri hitna stanja potrebno je razumjeti fiziologiju novorođenčadi. Novorođenčad prespava 80 % tijekom dana, a jesti trebaju svaka dva do četiri sata. Centar za termoregulaciju nije potpuno razvijen do dobi od šest tjedana. Tjelesna temperatura novorođenčadi ovisi o temperaturi okoliša, imaju mali postotak masnog tkiva i stoga su skloni razvoju hipotermije, koju uvijek treba riješavati zbog začaranog kruga koji se može razviti ako se hrani hipotermično novorođenče prije hipoglikemije. Jetra nije potpuno razvijena do dobi od osam tjedana pa stoga procesi glukoneogeneze i glikogenolize nisu aktivni, a razina glukoze ovisi samo o gutanju, odnosno o hranjenju. Zbog nedostatno razvijenih bubrega i nemogućnosti koncentriranja urina, povećane propusnosti kože i smanjene mogućnosti autoregulacije protoka krvi kroz bubrege neonatalni su bolesnici skloni i razvoju dehidracije. Nerazvijena jetra i bubrezi tako utječu i na lijekove koji se mogu koristiti. Klinički znaci bolesnog mačića su: neprestalni plač, anemična ili cijanotična sluznica, proljev i slabost, nedobivanje na tjelesnoj težini, mršavljenje i bradikardija. Za svakog bolesnog neonatalnog pacijenta potrebno je napraviti kompletan pregled uz vađenje krvi i određivanje hematoloških i biokemijskih parametara. Tumačenje krvnih parametara je drugačije nego u odraslih jedinki i potrebno ga je u skladu s time tumačiti. U slučaju zastoja ili perzistentne bradikardije potrebno je napraviti ABCD protokol.
{"title":"Hitna neonatologija mačića","authors":"Klara Klašterka, I. Butković, Juraj Grizelj, Iva Getz, Nikica Prvanović Babić, Marko Samardžija, Branimira Špoljarić, Ivan Folnožić, Martina Lojkić, Silvijo Vince, Goran Bačić, J. Šavorić, Tugomir Karadjole, Nino Maćešić","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"U životu mladunčadi mačića neonatalno razdoblje predstavlja prva dva do tri tjedna života. U tom razdoblju novorođenčad je u potpunosti ovisna o majci. Mladučad reagira samo na bol, dodir i miris, a razvijene su im samo motoričke funkcije. Smrtnost mačića u dobi od jednog do sedam dana je do 85 %, što je vrlo visok postotak uginuća. Glavni uzrok neonatalnog mortaliteta je hipoksija, gotovo uvijek praćena s hipotermijom, hipoglikemijom i dehidracijom. Ova četiri hitna stanja najčešće se pojavljuju odjednom i potrebno ih je rješavati pravilnim redoslijedom da ne bi prouzročili veću smrtnost. Za liječenje i dijagnosticiranje ova četiri hitna stanja potrebno je razumjeti fiziologiju novorođenčadi. Novorođenčad prespava 80 % tijekom dana, a jesti trebaju svaka dva do četiri sata. Centar za termoregulaciju nije potpuno razvijen do dobi od šest tjedana. Tjelesna temperatura novorođenčadi ovisi o temperaturi okoliša, imaju mali postotak masnog tkiva i stoga su skloni razvoju hipotermije, koju uvijek treba riješavati zbog začaranog kruga koji se može razviti ako se hrani hipotermično novorođenče prije hipoglikemije. Jetra nije potpuno razvijena do dobi od osam tjedana pa stoga procesi glukoneogeneze i glikogenolize nisu aktivni, a razina glukoze ovisi samo o gutanju, odnosno o hranjenju. Zbog nedostatno razvijenih bubrega i nemogućnosti koncentriranja urina, povećane propusnosti kože i smanjene mogućnosti autoregulacije protoka krvi kroz bubrege neonatalni su bolesnici skloni i razvoju dehidracije. Nerazvijena jetra i bubrezi tako utječu i na lijekove koji se mogu koristiti. Klinički znaci bolesnog mačića su: neprestalni plač, anemična ili cijanotična sluznica, proljev i slabost, nedobivanje na tjelesnoj težini, mršavljenje i bradikardija. Za svakog bolesnog neonatalnog pacijenta potrebno je napraviti kompletan pregled uz vađenje krvi i određivanje hematoloških i biokemijskih parametara. Tumačenje krvnih parametara je drugačije nego u odraslih jedinki i potrebno ga je u skladu s time tumačiti. U slučaju zastoja ili perzistentne bradikardije potrebno je napraviti ABCD protokol.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41371707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mislav Kovačić, M. Samardžija, A. Dobos, S. Krčmar, Mirta Sudarić Bogojević, D. Đuričić
The study aimed to determine the influence of air temperature, amount of precipitation and sunlight duration on the reproductive traits of the Romanov sheep in the Bilogora region, Croatia.Animals were kept in a fenced rotating pasture with access to stables during the night. Sheep were naturally mated. During three consecutive years (2019-2021), reproductive performance data were collected for four sheep flocks (n=26-57). Data on air temperature, sunlight duration, and daily precipitation volumes were obtained from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (CMHS), Zagreb, Croatia, from the nearest meteorological recording station, located within 5-15 km of farms. A total of 425 ewes were mated, of which 399 successfully conceived and 851 lambs were born, with an average litter size of 1.63. The average fertility during the study was 93.88%. Lambing distribution was not equally distributed throughout the year as 73% of all lambs were born during winter and spring (winter 51.88%; spring 21.31%; summer 13.53% and autumn 13.28%). Sexual activity was lowest from the end of March to May, while the peak of sexual activity was from the end of August to October. There was a positive or negative correlation (P<0.0001 (Kruskall-Wallis)) between air temperature, sunshine duration and amount of precipitation with certain reproductive traits (number of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes). Daily average air temperatures were highest in summer but drop suddenly at the start of the breeding season in early autumn. Also, the day begins to shorten, and night begins to become longer which is crucial for shortday breeder species such as sheep and goats. Other factors, such as relative humidity and rainfall, can also directly or indirectly impact sexual activity and significantly affect fertility. The results indicate that air temperature, amount of precipitation, and sunlight duration during different months or seasons could influence the reproductive traits of Romanov sheep in Bilogora region, Croatia.
{"title":"Influence of climatic elements on the reproductive traits of Romanov sheep in the Bilogora region, Croatia","authors":"Mislav Kovačić, M. Samardžija, A. Dobos, S. Krčmar, Mirta Sudarić Bogojević, D. Đuričić","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the influence of air temperature, amount of precipitation and sunlight duration on the reproductive traits of the Romanov sheep in the Bilogora region, Croatia.Animals were kept in a fenced rotating pasture with access to stables during the night. Sheep were naturally mated. During three consecutive years (2019-2021), reproductive performance data were collected for four sheep flocks (n=26-57). Data on air temperature, sunlight duration, and daily precipitation volumes were obtained from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (CMHS), Zagreb, Croatia, from the nearest meteorological recording station, located within 5-15 km of farms. A total of 425 ewes were mated, of which 399 successfully conceived and 851 lambs were born, with an average litter size of 1.63. The average fertility during the study was 93.88%. Lambing distribution was not equally distributed throughout the year as 73% of all lambs were born during winter and spring (winter 51.88%; spring 21.31%; summer 13.53% and autumn 13.28%). Sexual activity was lowest from the end of March to May, while the peak of sexual activity was from the end of August to October. There was a positive or negative correlation (P<0.0001 (Kruskall-Wallis)) between air temperature, sunshine duration and amount of precipitation with certain reproductive traits (number of pregnant and non-pregnant ewes). Daily average air temperatures were highest in summer but drop suddenly at the start of the breeding season in early autumn. Also, the day begins to shorten, and night begins to become longer which is crucial for shortday breeder species such as sheep and goats. Other factors, such as relative humidity and rainfall, can also directly or indirectly impact sexual activity and significantly affect fertility. The results indicate that air temperature, amount of precipitation, and sunlight duration during different months or seasons could influence the reproductive traits of Romanov sheep in Bilogora region, Croatia.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47985303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danijela Zec Gossainn, M. Hohšteter, M. Lipar, D. Cvitković, S. Faraguna, Ena Oster, I. Vlahek, M. Pećin, Ivan Conrado Šoštarić Zuckerman, O. Smolec
Treatment of large bone defects and incurable fractures is a challenging clinical problem. A novel approaches in bone engineering is the use of adipose-derived stem cells and adipose tissue. This study aimed to analyse the impact of adipose autograft on the process of bone regeneration in a surgically created critical size defect (CSD) in the hen ulna. In this study, 30 laying hens at the age of 14 months were randomly divided into three groups: control (C, n=10), subcutaneous adipose tissue graft (SC, n=10) and abdominal adipose tissue graft (ABD, n=10). In all 30 hens, a CSD was made in the ulna. Hens from the SC and ABD groups underwent surgery to explant subcutaneous and adipose tissue graft, respectively, and those grafts were then implanted in the ulnar CSD. The first radiographic and histological analysis wer performed 3.5 weeks after surgery on four hens from the C group and five hens from the SC and ABD groups. The second analysis on the remaining 15 hens was performed after 7 weeks. Data were analysed using the Freeman-Halton extension of Fischer’s exact test at the level of statistical significance P<0.05. Statistically significant differences regarding the presence of bridging at 3.5 and 7 weeks after surgery were observed between the C and SC groups, and between the C and ABD groups. Formation of a callus, regardless of the time of analysis, was not observed in the C group, while it was present in the SC and ABD groups (P<0.05). More hens from the ABD group (3) than the SC group (1) developed a bony callus 7 weeks after surgery, though these differences were not significant. Autologous adipose tissue graft positively affected healing of the hens’ ulna at 3.5 and 7 weeks postoperatively. Abdominal adipose tissue appears to have better healing properties than subcutaneous adipose tissue.
{"title":"Critical diaphyseal bone defect healing in hens by autologous free transplant of adipose tissue","authors":"Danijela Zec Gossainn, M. Hohšteter, M. Lipar, D. Cvitković, S. Faraguna, Ena Oster, I. Vlahek, M. Pećin, Ivan Conrado Šoštarić Zuckerman, O. Smolec","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of large bone defects and incurable fractures is a challenging clinical problem. A novel approaches in bone engineering is the use of adipose-derived stem cells and adipose tissue. This study aimed to analyse the impact of adipose autograft on the process of bone regeneration in a surgically created critical size defect (CSD) in the hen ulna. In this study, 30 laying hens at the age of 14 months were randomly divided into three groups: control (C, n=10), subcutaneous adipose tissue graft (SC, n=10) and abdominal adipose tissue graft (ABD, n=10). In all 30 hens, a CSD was made in the ulna. Hens from the SC and ABD groups underwent surgery to explant subcutaneous and adipose tissue graft, respectively, and those grafts were then implanted in the ulnar CSD. The first radiographic and histological analysis wer performed 3.5 weeks after surgery on four hens from the C group and five hens from the SC and ABD groups. The second analysis on the remaining 15 hens was performed after 7 weeks. Data were analysed using the Freeman-Halton extension of Fischer’s exact test at the level of statistical significance P<0.05. Statistically significant differences regarding the presence of bridging at 3.5 and 7 weeks after surgery were observed between the C and SC groups, and between the C and ABD groups. Formation of a callus, regardless of the time of analysis, was not observed in the C group, while it was present in the SC and ABD groups (P<0.05). More hens from the ABD group (3) than the SC group (1) developed a bony callus 7 weeks after surgery, though these differences were not significant. Autologous adipose tissue graft positively affected healing of the hens’ ulna at 3.5 and 7 weeks postoperatively. Abdominal adipose tissue appears to have better healing properties than subcutaneous adipose tissue.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46744300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cilj je ovoga rada povezivanje temeljnih karakteristika tkiva s rezultatima dobivenim na rendgenskoj slici, analizirajući fizikalne principe interakcije koje vode do atenuacije rendgenskih fotona u tkivu. Na slikovitom primjeru dokazujemo da nećemo moći imati superdijagnostički uređaj koji bi mogao zamijeniti sve moderne i buduće dijagnostičke uređaje. Svakase tehnika oslikavanja tkiva temelji na jedinstvenim fizikalnim principima te stoga ona vidi točno određene kakateristike tkiva koja drugi dijagnostički uređaji (tehnike) ne mogu vidjeti. Oslikavanje se rendgenskim uređajem temelji na atenuaciji (slabljenju) snopa rendgenskih zraka nakon prolaska kroz tkivo. Glavni su mehanizmi interakcije rendgenskih fotona i tkiva fotoelektrični efekt (potpuna apsorpcija energije fotona) te Comptonovo raspršenje (djelomična apsorpcija energije fotona). Fotoelektrični efekt dominira na niskim i djelomično srednjim energijama i s povećanjem energije jako slabi, dok na srednjim i višim energijama dominira Comptonovo raspršenje. Analizom oba raspršenja, nakon dekompozicije linearnoga koeficijenta atenuacije na uobičajene fizikalne veličine, nalazimo da u režimu Comptonovoga raspršenja kontrast na slici je određen razlikama u gustoći tkiva, a u režimu fotoelektričnoga efekta ovisi o gustoći tkiva te snažno o rednom broju elemenata od kojih je tkivo sastavljeno. U radu su grafički prikazane vrijednosti kontrasta na rendgenskoj slici za osnovne tvorbe i tkiva i opisane njihove karakteristike, gustoća i redni broj elemenata od kojih su sastavljeni. Kompjuterizirana tomografija (CT) vidi potpuno iste karakteristike tkiva kao i klasična rendgenska tehnika. U radu je na eksplicitnom dvodimenzionalnom primjeru objašnjen princip komjuterizirane tomografije. On se temelji na zamišljenoj podjeli tkiva na male volumene (voksele) i snimanju tkiva iz više pozicija, pri čemu se za svaku poziciju postavljaju jednadžbe za apsorpciju zračenja. U dobivenom sustavu jednadžbi nepoznate vrijednosti su vrijednosti linearnog koeficijenta atenuacije za svaki voksel, koje se odrede numeričkim rješavanjem sustava jednadžbi, i prikažu na prikladnoj skali boja u trodimenzionalnom prikazu.
{"title":"Koje karakteristike tkiva vidimo na rendgenskoj slici?","authors":"Selim Pašić, Ante Klobučar","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Cilj je ovoga rada povezivanje temeljnih karakteristika tkiva s rezultatima dobivenim na rendgenskoj slici, analizirajući fizikalne principe interakcije koje vode do atenuacije rendgenskih fotona u tkivu. Na slikovitom primjeru dokazujemo da nećemo moći imati superdijagnostički uređaj koji bi mogao zamijeniti sve moderne i buduće dijagnostičke uređaje. Svakase tehnika oslikavanja tkiva temelji na jedinstvenim fizikalnim principima te stoga ona vidi točno određene kakateristike tkiva koja drugi dijagnostički uređaji (tehnike) ne mogu vidjeti. Oslikavanje se rendgenskim uređajem temelji na atenuaciji (slabljenju) snopa rendgenskih zraka nakon prolaska kroz tkivo. Glavni su mehanizmi interakcije rendgenskih fotona i tkiva fotoelektrični efekt (potpuna apsorpcija energije fotona) te Comptonovo raspršenje (djelomična apsorpcija energije fotona). Fotoelektrični efekt dominira na niskim i djelomično srednjim energijama i s povećanjem energije jako slabi, dok na srednjim i višim energijama dominira Comptonovo raspršenje. Analizom oba raspršenja, nakon dekompozicije linearnoga koeficijenta atenuacije na uobičajene fizikalne veličine, nalazimo da u režimu Comptonovoga raspršenja kontrast na slici je određen razlikama u gustoći tkiva, a u režimu fotoelektričnoga efekta ovisi o gustoći tkiva te snažno o rednom broju elemenata od kojih je tkivo sastavljeno. U radu su grafički prikazane vrijednosti kontrasta na rendgenskoj slici za osnovne tvorbe i tkiva i opisane njihove karakteristike, gustoća i redni broj elemenata od kojih su sastavljeni. Kompjuterizirana tomografija (CT) vidi potpuno iste karakteristike tkiva kao i klasična rendgenska tehnika. U radu je na eksplicitnom dvodimenzionalnom primjeru objašnjen princip komjuterizirane tomografije. On se temelji na zamišljenoj podjeli tkiva na male volumene (voksele) i snimanju tkiva iz više pozicija, pri čemu se za svaku poziciju postavljaju jednadžbe za apsorpciju zračenja. U dobivenom sustavu jednadžbi nepoznate vrijednosti su vrijednosti linearnog koeficijenta atenuacije za svaki voksel, koje se odrede numeričkim rješavanjem sustava jednadžbi, i prikažu na prikladnoj skali boja u trodimenzionalnom prikazu.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48598131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Morais, M. Pires, G. Dorrestein, Nuno Álvura, Pedro Nunes, Vanessa Soeiro, A. Coelho
Chlamydia psittaci is an agent that causes ornithosis or psittacosis, which can infect homing and wild birds, mammalian animals and humans. Since this disease is an important zoonosis that is fatal and distributed worldwide, it is important to know its occurrence. This study aimed to survey the seropositivity of Chlamydia psittaci in three psittacine collections in three zoos in Portugal. In this study, 112 blood samples of the psittacine belonging to Order Psitaciformes (encompassing 31 species from 14 genera) were used. These samples were tested using a commercial ELISA kit (Immunocomb®, Biogal). The serological examination of psittacine samples using ELISA showed that 54 were positive (48.2%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 39.0-57.4%). The genus Ara exhibited significantly higher seropositivity than other genera (P<0.05). Based on the serological data from this study, we demonstrate that antibodies against Chlamydia psittaci are circulating in the blood of these tested animals. Since psittacosis is a public health concern, zoonotic issues of these results should be considered.
{"title":"Serological evidence of Chlamydia psittaci in psittacines in three zoological parks in Portugal","authors":"J. Morais, M. Pires, G. Dorrestein, Nuno Álvura, Pedro Nunes, Vanessa Soeiro, A. Coelho","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Chlamydia psittaci is an agent that causes ornithosis or psittacosis, which can infect homing and wild birds, mammalian animals and humans. Since this disease is an important zoonosis that is fatal and distributed worldwide, it is important to know its occurrence. This study aimed to survey the seropositivity of Chlamydia psittaci in three psittacine collections in three zoos in Portugal. In this study, 112 blood samples of the psittacine belonging to Order Psitaciformes (encompassing 31 species from 14 genera) were used. These samples were tested using a commercial ELISA kit (Immunocomb®, Biogal). The serological examination of psittacine samples using ELISA showed that 54 were positive (48.2%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 39.0-57.4%). The genus Ara exhibited significantly higher seropositivity than other genera (P<0.05). Based on the serological data from this study, we demonstrate that antibodies against Chlamydia psittaci are circulating in the blood of these tested animals. Since psittacosis is a public health concern, zoonotic issues of these results should be considered.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49510412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habib Amroun, N. Mimoune, Djamel Khelef, Amira Ghislaine Dra, Chama Ammari, Chelali Houari, Nassima Ait Issad
Raw material mixtures in compound feeds may increase the risk of contamination with different mycotoxins, and their intake can lead to interactive toxic effects. As a result, there is a growing awareness of the risks posed to human and animal health by the presence of toxins produced by fungi in food and diet. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the use of a mycotoxin binder (Micotec) on zootechnical performance in broilers. For this purpose, 3000 day-old chicks of the Arbor acres strain originating from the same hatchery were weighed and distributed equally into six groups [one control (C) and five experimental (Exp), as five repetitions receiving the mycotoxin binder Micotec at a dose of 0.1 kg]. All subjects (control and experimental groups) were fed a standard staple food suitable for each phase of rearing. The results showed significant differences between the experimental groups and the control one. The best zootechnical performances were recorded in experimental groups receiving the mycotoxin binder, compared to the control. The average weight in the finishing phase for the experimental groups was 3083.6 ± 140.7 g/subject, which was higher than the control group (2800 g/subject) (P<0.05). The consumption index was 1.62 ± 0.08% in the experimental groups, which was 1.84% higher than in chicks of the control group, positively impacting the profitability of breeding. In addition, a lower mortality rate was recorded in the experimental groups than the control (3.01 ± 0.08% vs 7.78%). According to these results, Micotec appears to be a promising additive in improving the zootechnical performance of broilers by adsorbing several types of mycotoxins and reducing their toxic power to ensure safe feed for animals and minimise economic losses caused by these contaminants.
{"title":"Učinak uporabe adsorbensa toksina na učinkovitost rasta tovnih pilića","authors":"Habib Amroun, N. Mimoune, Djamel Khelef, Amira Ghislaine Dra, Chama Ammari, Chelali Houari, Nassima Ait Issad","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Raw material mixtures in compound feeds may increase the risk of contamination with different mycotoxins, and their intake can lead to interactive toxic effects. As a result, there is a growing awareness of the risks posed to human and animal health by the presence of toxins produced by fungi in food and diet. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the use of a mycotoxin binder (Micotec) on zootechnical performance in broilers. For this purpose, 3000 day-old chicks of the Arbor acres strain originating from the same hatchery were weighed and distributed equally into six groups [one control (C) and five experimental (Exp), as five repetitions receiving the mycotoxin binder Micotec at a dose of 0.1 kg]. All subjects (control and experimental groups) were fed a standard staple food suitable for each phase of rearing. The results showed significant differences between the experimental groups and the control one. The best zootechnical performances were recorded in experimental groups receiving the mycotoxin binder, compared to the control. The average weight in the finishing phase for the experimental groups was 3083.6 ± 140.7 g/subject, which was higher than the control group (2800 g/subject) (P<0.05). The consumption index was 1.62 ± 0.08% in the experimental groups, which was 1.84% higher than in chicks of the control group, positively impacting the profitability of breeding. In addition, a lower mortality rate was recorded in the experimental groups than the control (3.01 ± 0.08% vs 7.78%). According to these results, Micotec appears to be a promising additive in improving the zootechnical performance of broilers by adsorbing several types of mycotoxins and reducing their toxic power to ensure safe feed for animals and minimise economic losses caused by these contaminants.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46408604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aldemar Chavez-Rodriguez, Diego Dubeibe-Marin, G. Crudeli, J. Berdugo-Gutiérrez
To increase the success rate of the in vitro production (IVP) system of embryos in buffalo, it is necessary to improve parameters. This field requires more research since its results are low compared to cattle. In this study carried out in Colombia, a modification of the methodology to produce buffalo IVP embryos is described, and 24 non-lactating females, aged 4 to 11 years old were included. Follicular wave was synchronised by ablation of the follicles within the ovary, seven days later all follicles were aspirated to obtain oocytes for maturation, fertilisation and embryo production. For all culture media used, animal protein was avoided. Culture media were supplemented with growth factors and other molecules associated with embryonic development. Special care was taken in adding supplements to protect the zygotes against the harmful effect of oxygen free radicals in the culture medium. Two aspiration series were performed 15 days apart. The average number of oocytes obtained by aspiration was 11.33, the number of blastocysts was 3.05, and the obtained blastocyst production rate (36.2%) was higher than literature reports for this species; we hypothesise that this increase is associated with the supplements added. It was possible to observe a female that produced 50 oocytes. Subsequent research is needed to evaluate the effect of the medium on embryo quality and pregnancy rates. A cost analysis of the new proposed medium is required, since all supplements must be imported and handled with a cold chain of up to -80oC, making it more expensive and restricting widespread use. Finally, it is shown that with three embryos per aspiration, at least one pregnancy can be successful after the aspiration, which is one of the objectives of the IVP system.
{"title":"In vitro production of buffalo embryos in Colombia – results of the addition of growth factors and antioxidants to defined culture medium","authors":"Aldemar Chavez-Rodriguez, Diego Dubeibe-Marin, G. Crudeli, J. Berdugo-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the success rate of the in vitro production (IVP) system of embryos in buffalo, it is necessary to improve parameters. This field requires more research since its results are low compared to cattle. In this study carried out in Colombia, a modification of the methodology to produce buffalo IVP embryos is described, and 24 non-lactating females, aged 4 to 11 years old were included. Follicular wave was synchronised by ablation of the follicles within the ovary, seven days later all follicles were aspirated to obtain oocytes for maturation, fertilisation and embryo production. For all culture media used, animal protein was avoided. Culture media were supplemented with growth factors and other molecules associated with embryonic development. Special care was taken in adding supplements to protect the zygotes against the harmful effect of oxygen free radicals in the culture medium. Two aspiration series were performed 15 days apart. The average number of oocytes obtained by aspiration was 11.33, the number of blastocysts was 3.05, and the obtained blastocyst production rate (36.2%) was higher than literature reports for this species; we hypothesise that this increase is associated with the supplements added. It was possible to observe a female that produced 50 oocytes. Subsequent research is needed to evaluate the effect of the medium on embryo quality and pregnancy rates. A cost analysis of the new proposed medium is required, since all supplements must be imported and handled with a cold chain of up to -80oC, making it more expensive and restricting widespread use. Finally, it is shown that with three embryos per aspiration, at least one pregnancy can be successful after the aspiration, which is one of the objectives of the IVP system.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49176735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emina Muftić, Abdullah Muftić, D. Alagić, Kenan Čaklovica, Adna Bešić, Neira Fazlović, E. Članjak-Kudra, Mersad Purdić
Listeria je patogen prenosiv hranom i predstavlja veliku opasnost za ljudsko zdravlje. Teški su simptomi praćeni visokom stopom mortaliteta većinom prouzročeni L. monocytogenes. Bez obzira na politiku nulte tolerancije, rod Listeria je još uvijek prisutan u sirovim proizvodima i proizvodima spremnim za konzumiranje, predstavljajući veliku opasnost za zdravlje ljudi. Za sada još u bliskoj budućnosti ne postoje studije o kontaminaciji hrane vrstama Listeria u Bosni i Hercegovini. Ovim istraživanjem htjeli smo dobiti osnovne podatke o količini kontaminiranosti hrane ovim patogenom. U studiji je analizirano ukupno 238 uzoraka hrane, pri čemu su u 105 uzorka bile različite vrste sirove hrane te 133 uzorka hrane spremne za konzumaciju (gotove hrane). Od ukupno 238 uzoraka, 18 uzoraka je bilo pozitivno na Listeria vrste. Nakon izolacije i detekcije, konfirmacija pozitivnih izolata Listeria spp. je provedena pomoću biokemijskog kita API® Listeria.
{"title":"Listeria vrste u sirovoj hrani i hrani spremnoj za konzumiranje na tržištu Bosne i Hercegovine","authors":"Emina Muftić, Abdullah Muftić, D. Alagić, Kenan Čaklovica, Adna Bešić, Neira Fazlović, E. Članjak-Kudra, Mersad Purdić","doi":"10.46419/vs.54.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Listeria je patogen prenosiv hranom i predstavlja veliku opasnost za ljudsko zdravlje. Teški su simptomi praćeni visokom stopom mortaliteta većinom prouzročeni L. monocytogenes. Bez obzira na politiku nulte tolerancije, rod Listeria je još uvijek prisutan u sirovim proizvodima i proizvodima spremnim za konzumiranje, predstavljajući veliku opasnost za zdravlje ljudi. Za sada još u bliskoj budućnosti ne postoje studije o kontaminaciji hrane vrstama Listeria u Bosni i Hercegovini. Ovim istraživanjem htjeli smo dobiti osnovne podatke o količini kontaminiranosti hrane ovim patogenom. U studiji je analizirano ukupno 238 uzoraka hrane, pri čemu su u 105 uzorka bile različite vrste sirove hrane te 133 uzorka hrane spremne za konzumaciju (gotove hrane). Od ukupno 238 uzoraka, 18 uzoraka je bilo pozitivno na Listeria vrste. Nakon izolacije i detekcije, konfirmacija pozitivnih izolata Listeria spp. je provedena pomoću biokemijskog kita API® Listeria.","PeriodicalId":23596,"journal":{"name":"Veterinarska stanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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