Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101359
Oluwayomi O. Adeyemi , Mustapha F. Isaac , Abigail O. Obi , Razavi H. Hananeh , Kim B. Stevens , Damer P. Blake , Isa D. Jatau , Bamidele Akinsanya , Emmanuel T. Idowu
Eimeria parasites, the causative agents of coccidiosis, are among the most economically significant pathogens in the global poultry industry. Understanding their epidemiology is important for effective control. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors of Eimeria parasites in commercial chicken farms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Between July and October 2020, pooled faecal/litter samples were collected from 265 chicken flocks across 157 randomly selected farms in Lagos-East (LE) and Lagos-West (LW) senatorial districts. Samples were screened microscopically for oocysts and quantified using the McMaster technique (oocysts per gram: opg). A subset of 30 samples positive for oocysts were analysed by PCR for species identification. Farm structure, management, and biosecurity practices were assessed via semi-structured questionnaires. Eimeria spp. were detected in 58.6% (92/157) of farms and 47.5% (126/265) of flocks, with a mean oocyst load of 5.2 x 104 ± 2.2 x 105 opg. The most common species detected was Eimeria acervulina (100.0%, 30/30) while E. lata (3.3%, 1/30) and E. zaria (3.3%, 1/30) were present but least common. LE farms had lower odds of infection (OR: 0.2, P < 0.001) while those that housed multiple chicken types had a higher risk (OR: 5.0, P < 0.001). At flock level, increased risk was associated with birds aged 6-10 weeks and placing feed in cages. Birds in battery cages had significantly lower oocyst counts than those on deep litter (β: 108,769.4, P = 0.006). This study highlighted the high prevalence of Eimeria in chicken farms in Lagos State and provided insights for improved control.
球虫病的病原体艾美耳球虫是全球家禽业中最具经济意义的病原体之一。了解其流行病学对有效控制非常重要。本研究确定了尼日利亚拉各斯州商业养鸡场艾美耳虫寄生虫的流行情况和危险因素。2020年7月至10月期间，从拉各斯-东（LE）和拉各斯-西（LW）参议院选区随机选择的157个农场的265只鸡群中收集了粪便/垃圾样本。样品在显微镜下筛选卵囊，并使用麦克马斯特技术（每克卵囊：opg）进行定量。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）对30份卵囊阳性样本进行物种鉴定。通过半结构化问卷对农场结构、管理和生物安全做法进行评估。58.6%（92/157）的养殖场和47.5%（126/265）的鸡群检出艾美耳球虫，平均卵囊负荷为5.2 × 104±2.2 × 105 opg。以尖角艾美耳球虫（Eimeria acervulina, 100.0%, 30/30）最多检出，其次为埃梅里亚（E. lata, 3.3%, 1/30）和扎里亚（E. zaria, 3.3%, 1/30）。LE鸡场感染的几率较低（OR: 0.2, P < 0.001），而饲养多种鸡的鸡场感染的风险较高（OR: 5.0, P < 0.001）。在鸟群水平上，6-10周龄的鸟和将饲料放在笼子里会增加风险。笼内卵囊计数显著低于深窝（β: 108,769.4, P = 0.006）。该研究强调了拉各斯州养鸡场艾美耳球虫的高流行率，并为改进控制提供了见解。
{"title":"Distribution and epidemiological factors influencing Eimeria species occurrence in commercial chicken farms in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Oluwayomi O. Adeyemi , Mustapha F. Isaac , Abigail O. Obi , Razavi H. Hananeh , Kim B. Stevens , Damer P. Blake , Isa D. Jatau , Bamidele Akinsanya , Emmanuel T. Idowu","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eimeria</em> parasites, the causative agents of coccidiosis, are among the most economically significant pathogens in the global poultry industry. Understanding their epidemiology is important for effective control. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors of <em>Eimeria</em> parasites in commercial chicken farms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Between July and October 2020, pooled faecal/litter samples were collected from 265 chicken flocks across 157 randomly selected farms in Lagos-East (LE) and Lagos-West (LW) senatorial districts. Samples were screened microscopically for oocysts and quantified using the McMaster technique (oocysts per gram: opg). A subset of 30 samples positive for oocysts were analysed by PCR for species identification. Farm structure, management, and biosecurity practices were assessed via semi-structured questionnaires. <em>Eimeria</em> spp. were detected in 58.6% (92/157) of farms and 47.5% (126/265) of flocks, with a mean oocyst load of 5.2 x 10<sup>4</sup> ± 2.2 x 10<sup>5</sup> opg. The most common species detected was <em>Eimeria acervulina</em> (100.0%, 30/30) while <em>E. lata</em> (3.3%, 1/30) and <em>E. zaria</em> (3.3%, 1/30) were present but least common. LE farms had lower odds of infection (OR: 0.2, P < 0.001) while those that housed multiple chicken types had a higher risk (OR: 5.0, P < 0.001). At flock level, increased risk was associated with birds aged 6-10 weeks and placing feed in cages. Birds in battery cages had significantly lower oocyst counts than those on deep litter (β: 108,769.4, P = 0.006). This study highlighted the high prevalence of <em>Eimeria</em> in chicken farms in Lagos State and provided insights for improved control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101360
Gabriel L. Cicuttin , Patrick S. Sebastian , María Alejandra Lombardo , Marcela Simone , María Nazarena De Salvo , Santiago Nava
The aim of this note is to report the first record of Ixodes chilensis Kohl, 1956 in Argentina. In June 2023, ticks were collected on bat belonging to the genus Histiotus from Dina Huapí, Rio Negro Province, Patagonian region, Argentina. Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of an obtained partial 16S rDNA gene sequence, these ticks (five nymphs) were determined as I. chilensis. This result represents the first record of this tick species outside Chile and expands the knowledge of its geographical distribution in the southern cone of South America.
{"title":"Ixodes chilensis Kohls, 1956 (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Argentina","authors":"Gabriel L. Cicuttin , Patrick S. Sebastian , María Alejandra Lombardo , Marcela Simone , María Nazarena De Salvo , Santiago Nava","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this note is to report the first record of <em>Ixodes chilensis</em> Kohl, 1956 in Argentina. In June 2023, ticks were collected on bat belonging to the genus <em>Histiotus</em> from Dina Huapí, Rio Negro Province, Patagonian region, Argentina. Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of an obtained partial 16S rDNA gene sequence, these ticks (five nymphs) were determined as <em>I. chilensis</em>. This result represents the first record of this tick species outside Chile and expands the knowledge of its geographical distribution in the southern cone of South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101354
Paola Cristina Colombo , Arthur Gasetta Batista , João Guilherme Martins , Gabriel Nunes de Oliveira , Marco Tulio da Silva Oliveira , Giulia Poncione de Araujo , Sabrina Nathalia Louzada Nogueira , Rafael Paranhos de Mendonça , Ricardo Andrade Furtado , Isabela Cristina Gomes Honório , Silvio de Almeida-Junior
The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus poses a significant threat to animal health in tropical and subtropical regions, causing substantial economic losses in the meat and dairy industries. This study evaluated the potential of 20 essential oils as acaricidal agents, combining in vitro assays and in silico analyses to predict toxicity and efficacy. In the in vitro tests, the oils were assessed for their ability to reduce tick oviposition. The best results were observed at a 6 % concentration, with Eucalyptus citriodora showing the highest reduction (96.5 %), followed by Betula lenta (88.9 %), Amyris balsamifera (71.3 %), and Cinnamomum cassia (47.1 %). At a 3 % concentration, Amyris balsamifera (67.6 %) and Betula lenta (4.6 %) also showed significant efficacy, while the 1 % concentration had a limited impact on reducing oviposition, not meeting the legal efficacy criterion (>95 %). Concurrently, in silico analyses were conducted using the SwissDock platform to predict the molecular interactions of natural compounds with specific biological targets. The results revealed the free binding energy (estimated ΔG) and the amino acid residues involved in the interactions, allowing for the comparison of the compounds' affinity with reference drugs. The data indicated that some compounds present in the essential oils demonstrated considerable target affinity, suggesting a promising mechanism of action against the tick's reproductive cycle. These findings highlight the potential of essential oils as natural alternatives for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, especially at higher concentrations. However, the efficacy at lower concentrations and the toxicity in host animals need further investigation before practical application.
{"title":"In vitro acaricidal effects of essential oils against Rhipicephalus microplus via bioinformatics targeting of triosephosphate isomerase","authors":"Paola Cristina Colombo , Arthur Gasetta Batista , João Guilherme Martins , Gabriel Nunes de Oliveira , Marco Tulio da Silva Oliveira , Giulia Poncione de Araujo , Sabrina Nathalia Louzada Nogueira , Rafael Paranhos de Mendonça , Ricardo Andrade Furtado , Isabela Cristina Gomes Honório , Silvio de Almeida-Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tick <em>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</em> poses a significant threat to animal health in tropical and subtropical regions, causing substantial economic losses in the meat and dairy industries. This study evaluated the potential of 20 essential oils as acaricidal agents, combining <em>in vitro</em> assays and <em>in silico</em> analyses to predict toxicity and efficacy. In the <em>in vitro</em> tests, the oils were assessed for their ability to reduce tick oviposition. The best results were observed at a 6 % concentration, with <em>Eucalyptus citriodora</em> showing the highest reduction (96.5 %), followed by <em>Betula lenta</em> (88.9 %), <em>Amyris balsamifera</em> (71.3 %), and <em>Cinnamomum cassia</em> (47.1 %). At a 3 % concentration, <em>Amyris balsamifera</em> (67.6 %) and <em>Betula lenta</em> (4.6 %) also showed significant efficacy, while the 1 % concentration had a limited impact on reducing oviposition, not meeting the legal efficacy criterion (>95 %). Concurrently, <em>in silico</em> analyses were conducted using the SwissDock platform to predict the molecular interactions of natural compounds with specific biological targets. The results revealed the free binding energy (estimated ΔG) and the amino acid residues involved in the interactions, allowing for the comparison of the compounds' affinity with reference drugs. The data indicated that some compounds present in the essential oils demonstrated considerable target affinity, suggesting a promising mechanism of action against the tick's reproductive cycle. These findings highlight the potential of essential oils as natural alternatives for controlling <em>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</em>, especially at higher concentrations. However, the efficacy at lower concentrations and the toxicity in host animals need further investigation before practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101355
Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez , Laura Marin-Cossio , Agustín Gongora-Orjuela , Ian Murcia-Cueto , Angela Jimenez-Leaño , Olivia Marcuzzi , Guillermo Giovambattista
The BoLA-DRB3 gene is one of the most polymorphic loci in cattle, with alleles associated with susceptibility or resistance to several infectious diseases, including leukosis, mastitis, and hemotropic infections. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in three Colombian Creole cattle breeds and examined its association with natural infections by Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp. in northeastern Colombia. A total of 97 animals (Chino – CrChi, n = 34; Casanareño - CrCAS-, n = 32; Sanmartinero - CrSM-, n = 31) from Arauca, Casanare, Meta, and Santander departments were genotyped using PCR–direct sequencing of the second exon of the BoLA-DRB3 gene. Overall genetic diversity was moderate, with a nucleotide diversity of π = 0.086, a mean pairwise distance of 18.97, and 62 segregating sites. Among the breeds, CrCAS showed the highest diversity, followed by CrChi and CrSM. We identified 35 BoLA-DRB3 alleles, 34 of which were previously reported in the IPD-MHC database, while one was novel. The CrChi population showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Two alleles, BoLA-DRB3*001:01 and BoLA-DRB3*025:01:01, were significantly associated with reduced risk of B. bigemina infection in CrSM, whereas BoLA-DRB3*048:02 was linked to increased susceptibility to B. bovis in CrChi. This study confirms the high genetic variability of Colombian Creole cattle breeds. The high frequency of alleles associated with B. bigemina infection in CrSM highlights its potential as a genetic reservoir for future studies evaluating the heritability and functionality of these alleles. In contrast, the elevated frequency of a susceptibility-associated allele for B. bovis infection in CrChi, together with evidence of inbreeding, underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation and breeding strategies to preserve genetic diversity and reduce disease vulnerability to infectious diseases in this breed.
BoLA-DRB3基因是牛中最具多态性的基因座之一，其等位基因与几种传染病的易感性或抗性相关，包括白血病、乳腺炎和嗜血血性感染。在这项研究中，我们评估了三个哥伦比亚克里奥尔牛品种的BoLA-DRB3基因的遗传多样性，并研究了其与哥伦比亚东北部边缘无形体和巴贝斯虫自然感染的关系。采用pcr -直接测序技术对来自Arauca、Casanare、Meta和Santander省的97只动物（Chino - CrChi, n = 34; Casanareño - CrCAS-, n = 32; Sanmartinero - CrSM-, n = 31）进行BoLA-DRB3基因第二外显子的基因分型。总体遗传多样性中等，核苷酸多样性π = 0.086，平均两两距离18.97，分离位点62个。品种中，CrCAS品种多样性最高，CrChi品种次之，CrSM品种次之。我们鉴定了35个BoLA-DRB3等位基因，其中34个先前在IPD-MHC数据库中报道过，而一个是新发现的。CrChi种群明显偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。两个等位基因,BoLA-DRB3 * 001:01和BoLA-DRB3 * 025:01:01,明显与CrSM b . bigemina感染风险降低有关,而BoLA-DRB3 * 048:02与增加易感性在CrChi b宝。这项研究证实了哥伦比亚克里奥尔牛品种的高遗传变异性。CrSM中与双双双歧杆菌感染相关的等位基因的高频率突出了其作为未来研究评估这些等位基因的遗传能力和功能的遗传库的潜力。相比之下，CrChi中牛双歧杆菌感染易感性相关等位基因的频率升高，以及近亲繁殖的证据，强调了迫切需要有针对性的保护和育种策略，以保持遗传多样性并减少该品种对传染病的疾病易感性。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of BoLA-DRB3 and its association with Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp. infections in creole cattle of northeastern Colombia","authors":"Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez , Laura Marin-Cossio , Agustín Gongora-Orjuela , Ian Murcia-Cueto , Angela Jimenez-Leaño , Olivia Marcuzzi , Guillermo Giovambattista","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>BoLA-DRB3</em> gene is one of the most polymorphic loci in cattle, with alleles associated with susceptibility or resistance to several infectious diseases, including leukosis, mastitis, and hemotropic infections. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of the <em>BoLA-DRB3</em> gene in three Colombian Creole cattle breeds and examined its association with natural infections by <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> and <em>Babesia</em> spp. in northeastern Colombia. A total of 97 animals (Chino – CrChi, <em>n</em> = 34; Casanareño - CrCAS-, <em>n</em> = 32; Sanmartinero - CrSM-, <em>n</em> = 31) from Arauca, Casanare, Meta, and Santander departments were genotyped using PCR–direct sequencing of the second exon of the <em>BoLA-DRB3</em> gene. Overall genetic diversity was moderate, with a nucleotide diversity of π = 0.086, a mean pairwise distance of 18.97, and 62 segregating sites. Among the breeds, CrCAS showed the highest diversity, followed by CrChi and CrSM. We identified 35 <em>BoLA-DRB3</em> alleles, 34 of which were previously reported in the IPD-MHC database, while one was novel. The CrChi population showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Two alleles, <em>BoLA-DRB3</em>*001:01 and <em>BoLA-DRB3</em>*025:01:01, were significantly associated with reduced risk of <em>B. bigemina</em> infection in CrSM, whereas <em>BoLA-DRB3*048:02</em> was linked to increased susceptibility to <em>B. bovis</em> in CrChi. This study confirms the high genetic variability of Colombian Creole cattle breeds. The high frequency of alleles associated with <em>B. bigemina</em> infection in CrSM highlights its potential as a genetic reservoir for future studies evaluating the heritability and functionality of these alleles. In contrast, the elevated frequency of a susceptibility-associated allele for <em>B. bovis</em> infection in CrChi, together with evidence of inbreeding, underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation and breeding strategies to preserve genetic diversity and reduce disease vulnerability to infectious diseases in this breed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leishmania infantum is a sand fly-borne parasite, causing visceral and mucocutaneous leishmaniosis. Dogs are the main reservoir hosts and play a crucial role in the epidemiology of the infection. This study reports for the first time the presence of L. infantum in sick dogs from a western province of Iran, previously considered not endemic for this infection.
From April 2024 to June 2025, six mongrel dogs with poor body condition and skin lesions were presented to veterinary clinics in Hamedan, Iran. Impression smears and scrapes of the suspected lesions were examined microscopically for Leishmania amastigotes. In addition, spleen, skin, and lymph node samples from two dead dogs were collected for histological examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from skin lesions and further tested for Leishmania spp. DNA by conventional PCR and sequencing.
The infected dogs presented several clinical signs, including cachexia, muscle wasting, lymphadenopathy, muco−/cutaneous lesions, rough and dry hair coat, with alopecic regions characterized by hyperkeratosis, crusts and scales, desquamation, seborrheic dermatitis, and thick dandruff with bright reflections. Leishmania infantum amastigotes were observed in histological sections and/or impression smears of all dogs and further confirmed by DNA sequencing.
The presence of L. infantum in dogs from an area of Iran previously considered not endemic, spotlighting the importance of regular surveillance programs in canine populations for implementing control and preventive measures to reduce the risk of infection in both human and animal settings.
{"title":"Visceral leishmaniosis in dogs from western Iran","authors":"Alireza Sazmand , Georgiana Deak , Ali Kalantari-Hesari , Pouria Rafiei , Navid Etemadi , Hesam Hajilou , Mina Malekmohammadi , Leili Moradi , Monireh Khordadmehr , Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi , Ali Fattahi-Bafghi , Mariaelisa Carbonara , Stephanie Oren , Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Leishmania infantum</em> is a sand fly-borne parasite, causing visceral and mucocutaneous leishmaniosis. Dogs are the main reservoir hosts and play a crucial role in the epidemiology of the infection. This study reports for the first time the presence of <em>L. infantum</em> in sick dogs from a western province of Iran, previously considered not endemic for this infection.</div><div>From April 2024 to June 2025, six mongrel dogs with poor body condition and skin lesions were presented to veterinary clinics in Hamedan, Iran. Impression smears and scrapes of the suspected lesions were examined microscopically for <em>Leishmania</em> amastigotes. In addition, spleen, skin, and lymph node samples from two dead dogs were collected for histological examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from skin lesions and further tested for <em>Leishmania</em> spp. DNA by conventional PCR and sequencing.</div><div>The infected dogs presented several clinical signs, including cachexia, muscle wasting, lymphadenopathy, muco−/cutaneous lesions, rough and dry hair coat, with alopecic regions characterized by hyperkeratosis, crusts and scales, desquamation, seborrheic dermatitis, and thick dandruff with bright reflections. <em>Leishmania infantum</em> amastigotes were observed in histological sections and/or impression smears of all dogs and further confirmed by DNA sequencing.</div><div>The presence of <em>L. infantum</em> in dogs from an area of Iran previously considered not endemic, spotlighting the importance of regular surveillance programs in canine populations for implementing control and preventive measures to reduce the risk of infection in both human and animal settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101350
Mohamed R. Hassan , Hend H.A.M. Abdullah , Reham S. El-Maadawy , Sobhy Abdel-Shafy , Hanem Khater , Samah M. Abd Elgawad
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs), including piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis, are globally distributed and pose significant threats to cattle. This study investigated the prevalence, co-infections, and risk factors of bovine piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in three Egyptian governorates, Beni-Suef, Al-Faiyum, and Al-Minya, over a one year period. A total of 601 cattle blood samples were screened for hemopathogens using microscopic examination, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and nucleotide sequences analysis. Risk factors were analyzed using the chi-square (χ2) test (P < 0.05). Hemopathogens were detected in 41.09 % and 75.04 % of cattle through microscopic and PCR methods, respectively. Babesia bigemina was the most prevalent pathogen (33.44 %, including both single and co-infections), followed by Anaplasma marginale (20.63 %), Theileria annulata (10.64 %), and Babesia bovis (3.49 %). Co-infections were observed in 19.8 % of cattle in all three studied governorates, with the most common combination being A. marginale and B. bigemina (63.86 %). Significant risk factors included seasonality (B. bigemina and T. annulata), breed (B. bigemina), and acaricide application (A. marginale). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of three piroplasm species and revealed two potentially distinct genotypes of A. marginale. This study is the first to report B. bovis in cattle from Al-Faiyum and Al-Minya, expanding its known distribution in Egypt. Multiplex PCR was successfully applied for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens, supporting its utility for efficient, large-scale epidemiological studies. In conclusion, B. bigemina and A. marginale were the most prevalent pathogens and frequently co-occurred. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of pathogen prevalence, distribution, and co-infection patterns and advocate for the design and implementation of region-specificcontrol strategies in endemic regions.
{"title":"Molecular detection and distribution of piroplasms and Anaplasma species and their co-infections in cattle from three Egyptian governorates","authors":"Mohamed R. Hassan , Hend H.A.M. Abdullah , Reham S. El-Maadawy , Sobhy Abdel-Shafy , Hanem Khater , Samah M. Abd Elgawad","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tick-borne diseases (TBDs), including piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis, are globally distributed and pose significant threats to cattle. This study investigated the prevalence, co-infections, and risk factors of bovine piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in three Egyptian governorates, Beni-Suef, Al-Faiyum, and Al-Minya, over a one year period. A total of 601 cattle blood samples were screened for hemopathogens using microscopic examination, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and nucleotide sequences analysis. Risk factors were analyzed using the chi-square (<em>χ</em><sup>2</sup>) test (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Hemopathogens were detected in 41.09 % and 75.04 % of cattle through microscopic and PCR methods, respectively. <em>Babesia bigemina</em> was the most prevalent pathogen (33.44 %, including both single and co-infections), followed by <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> (20.63 %), <em>Theileria annulata</em> (10.64 %), and <em>Babesia bovis</em> (3.49 %). Co-infections were observed in 19.8 % of cattle in all three studied governorates, with the most common combination being <em>A. marginale</em> and <em>B. bigemina</em> (63.86 %). Significant risk factors included seasonality (<em>B. bigemina</em> and <em>T. annulata</em>), breed (<em>B. bigemina</em>), and acaricide application (<em>A. marginale</em>). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of three piroplasm species and revealed two potentially distinct genotypes of <em>A. marginale</em>. This study is the first to report <em>B. bovis</em> in cattle from Al-Faiyum and Al-Minya, expanding its known distribution in Egypt. Multiplex PCR was successfully applied for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens, supporting its utility for efficient, large-scale epidemiological studies. In conclusion, <em>B. bigemina</em> and <em>A. marginale</em> were the most prevalent pathogens and frequently co-occurred. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of pathogen prevalence, distribution, and co-infection patterns and advocate for the design and implementation of region-specificcontrol strategies in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101356
Vijayashanthi Ramalingam , Tirumurugaan Krishnaswamy Gopalan , Sangaran Arumugam , Samuel Masilamoni Ronald , Jeyathilakan Narayanaperumal , Raman Muthusamy
Canine ancylostomiasis is an emerging soil-transmitted parasitic zoonosis that poses significant public and animal health concerns. Although Ancylostoma caninum and A. ceylanicum have been widely reported in India, molecular sequencing report on A. braziliense from Southern India remain limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to molecularly characterize the predominant canine hookworm species in dog faecal and soil samples in the urban community of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 278 dog faecal and 243 soil samples were examined through flotation techniques using saturated sodium chloride and sodium carbonate, respectively. The hookworm species were identified using ITS-based primers, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion using HinFI. Microscopic examination revealed that 42.5 % and 6.6 % hookworm positivity in faecal and soil samples, respectively. Molecular assays identified 75.5 % as A. caninum, 10.9 % as A. braziliense and 13.6 % as mixed infections with both species, with an overall prevalence of 93.2 % in faecal samples. The higher prevalence of hookworm infection in dogs less than one year of age compared to older dogs, with mongrels being more affected than purebred dogs. Owned dogs showed slightly higher infection rates than free-roaming dogs and male dogs were more commonly infected, especially during the monsoon. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. caninum isolates clustered closely with those from Japan, Vietnam and China, indicating genetic relatedness and possible shared ancestry. A. braziliense isolates formed a distinct monophyletic clade, separate from isolates in Malaysia, Brazil and the USA, suggesting regional divergence and the presence of unique genetic lineages in Southern India.
{"title":"Emergence of Ancylostoma braziliense infection in southern Indian dogs: Evidence from molecular sequencing","authors":"Vijayashanthi Ramalingam , Tirumurugaan Krishnaswamy Gopalan , Sangaran Arumugam , Samuel Masilamoni Ronald , Jeyathilakan Narayanaperumal , Raman Muthusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine ancylostomiasis is an emerging soil-transmitted parasitic zoonosis that poses significant public and animal health concerns. Although <em>Ancylostoma caninum</em> and <em>A. ceylanicum</em> have been widely reported in India, molecular sequencing report on <em>A. braziliense</em> from Southern India remain limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to molecularly characterize the predominant canine hookworm species in dog faecal and soil samples in the urban community of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 278 dog faecal and 243 soil samples were examined through flotation techniques using saturated sodium chloride and sodium carbonate, respectively. The hookworm species were identified using ITS-based primers, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion using <em>HinFI</em>. Microscopic examination revealed that 42.5 % and 6.6 % hookworm positivity in faecal and soil samples, respectively. Molecular assays identified 75.5 % as <em>A. caninum</em>, 10.9 % as <em>A. braziliense</em> and 13.6 % as mixed infections with both species, with an overall prevalence of 93.2 % in faecal samples. The higher prevalence of hookworm infection in dogs less than one year of age compared to older dogs, with mongrels being more affected than purebred dogs. Owned dogs showed slightly higher infection rates than free-roaming dogs and male dogs were more commonly infected, especially during the monsoon. Phylogenetic analysis showed that <em>A. caninum</em> isolates clustered closely with those from Japan, Vietnam and China, indicating genetic relatedness and possible shared ancestry. <em>A. braziliense</em> isolates formed a distinct monophyletic clade, separate from isolates in Malaysia, Brazil and the USA, suggesting regional divergence and the presence of unique genetic lineages in Southern India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101349
Vindya Perera , Marina E. Eremeeva , Ashoka Dangolla , Shobhath Wijeratne , Rupika S. Rajakaruna
Canine anaplasmoses are tick-borne infections caused by two species of bacteria in the genus Anaplasma. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis with a global distribution and the etiological agent of human anaplasmosis while A. platys causes cyclic thrombocytopenia with a lower prevalence. This review offers a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of canine anaplasmoses in South and Southeast Asia, a region where the disease has not received adequate attention. It provides detailed insights into the prevalence, geographical distribution, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, risk factors, vectors, and zoonotic potential of canine anaplasmoses encompassing research published from 2000 to 2024. Seventy-one studies met the selection criteria. Infection with A. platys is more prevalent among dogs in the region, with cases reported in 13 countries, compared to A. phagocytophilum, which has been reported only in India and Malaysia. The infection rate of the two species varies widely between 1.3 % – 70.5 %. Concurrent infections with eight other canine pathogens were reported. Although Anaplasma DNA was detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and four other tick species, specific biological vectors for A. phagocytophilum and A. platys have not been identified in these regions. Risk factors for canine anaplasmosis include sex, age, tick infestation, lack of tick-controlling methods, concurrent louse infestation, and climatic factors. Apart from 49 human cases of granulocytic anaplasmosis in India, extent of human infection remains largely unknown. Since most of the studies were limited to specific localities, accurately assessing the disease burden is a challenge. Overall, limited information is available on geographic distribution, prevalence, genetic diversity, vectors, and zoonotic potential of the pathogens in the region.
{"title":"Canine Anaplasmoses in south and Southeast Asia: A systematic review","authors":"Vindya Perera , Marina E. Eremeeva , Ashoka Dangolla , Shobhath Wijeratne , Rupika S. Rajakaruna","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine anaplasmoses are tick-borne infections caused by two species of bacteria in the genus <em>Anaplasma. Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em> is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis with a global distribution and the etiological agent of human anaplasmosis while <em>A. platys</em> causes cyclic thrombocytopenia with a lower prevalence. This review offers a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of canine anaplasmoses in South and Southeast Asia, a region where the disease has not received adequate attention. It provides detailed insights into the prevalence, geographical distribution, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, risk factors, vectors, and zoonotic potential of canine anaplasmoses encompassing research published from 2000 to 2024. Seventy-one studies met the selection criteria. Infection with <em>A. platys</em> is more prevalent among dogs in the region, with cases reported in 13 countries, compared to <em>A. phagocytophilum</em>, which has been reported only in India and Malaysia. The infection rate of the two species varies widely between 1.3 % – 70.5 %. Concurrent infections with eight other canine pathogens were reported. Although <em>Anaplasma</em> DNA was detected in <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus,</em> and four other tick species, specific biological vectors for <em>A. phagocytophilum</em> and <em>A. platys</em> have not been identified in these regions. Risk factors for canine anaplasmosis include sex, age, tick infestation, lack of tick-controlling methods, concurrent louse infestation, and climatic factors. Apart from 49 human cases of granulocytic anaplasmosis in India, extent of human infection remains largely unknown. Since most of the studies were limited to specific localities, accurately assessing the disease burden is a challenge. Overall, limited information is available on geographic distribution, prevalence, genetic diversity, vectors, and zoonotic potential of the pathogens in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101357
Shan Masih , Muhammad Arshad , Haroon Ahmed , Nida Aziz
Ticks are ectoparasites that feed on the blood of domestic animals, resulting in significant reductions in weight, milk production, and hide quality. They are also vectors of a variety of pathogens that cause disease in animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and species distribution of ticks among domestic animals (cattle, goats, sheep, buffaloes, and camels) across 12 districts of Baluchistan. A total of 759 domestic animals were carefully examined, and ticks were collected using hand and forceps. The collected samples were meticulously preserved in 70 % ethanol and appropriately labelled. All 308 collected ticks belong to two genera, Hyalomma (74.2 %) and Rhipicephalus (25.9 %), and seven species: H. anatolicum, H. scupense, H. excavatum, H. dromedarii, R. appendiculatus, R. annulatus, and R. sanguineus sensu lato. The overall tick prevalence was 41.37 % (314/759), with the highest prevalence recorded in cattle (57.14 %), followed by goats (40.93 %), sheep (32.18 %), buffaloes (32 %), and camels (25.66 %). There were significant (p < 0.05) associations between tick infestation and factors, including host sex, age, breed, herd type, area, and season. A high tick burden impact animal productivity and increases the likelihood of tick-borne disease transmission. The findings of this study will help in the development and implementation of control measures for these parasites at the local and global levels.
{"title":"Spatial and seasonal analyses of tick prevalence in livestock across selected districts of Balochistan, Pakistan","authors":"Shan Masih , Muhammad Arshad , Haroon Ahmed , Nida Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are ectoparasites that feed on the blood of domestic animals, resulting in significant reductions in weight, milk production, and hide quality. They are also vectors of a variety of pathogens that cause disease in animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and species distribution of ticks among domestic animals (cattle, goats, sheep, buffaloes, and camels) across 12 districts of Baluchistan. A total of 759 domestic animals were carefully examined, and ticks were collected using hand and forceps. The collected samples were meticulously preserved in 70 % ethanol and appropriately labelled. All 308 collected ticks belong to two genera, <em>Hyalomma</em> (74.2 %) and <em>Rhipicephalus</em> (25.9 %), and seven species: <em>H. anatolicum, H. scupense, H. excavatum, H. dromedarii, R. appendiculatus, R. annulatus</em>, and <em>R. sanguineus sensu lato.</em> The overall tick prevalence was 41.37 % (314/759), with the highest prevalence recorded in cattle (57.14 %), followed by goats (40.93 %), sheep (32.18 %), buffaloes (32 %), and camels (25.66 %). There were significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05) associations between tick infestation and factors, including host sex, age, breed, herd type, area, and season. A high tick burden impact animal productivity and increases the likelihood of tick-borne disease transmission. The findings of this study will help in the development and implementation of control measures for these parasites at the local and global levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101358
Abdullah Al Bayazid , Md. Farhan Hasan , Sourov Sutradhar , Ainun Nahar , Anas Bin Harun , Tania Sultana , Jinnat Rehena , Joynti Saha , Mokammel Hossain Tito , Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi , Basant Saud , Md Robiul Karim
Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in companion animals pose significant veterinary and public health challenges, especially in densely populated urban areas and developing regions such as Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thus, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of GI parasitic infections in pet dogs and cats, identify the parasite species, and analyze the associated risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2024, involving 120 dogs and 197 cats in Dhaka City. Fresh fecal samples were collected from the dogs and cats and analyzed for parasitic eggs, cysts, and oocysts using microscopic methods, including direct smear, fecal flotation, and sedimentation techniques. The results revealed an overall parasitic prevalence of 63.33 % in dogs and 58.37 % in cats, with a total of 15 parasitic species identified in both pets. The presence of both shared and host-specific parasites highlights the risks of environmental contamination, with Toxocara spp. being the most commonly identified parasite in dogs and cats. Among the parasites, Alaria spp., Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris spp., Balantidium coli, Capillaria spp., Entamoeba coli, Schistosoma spp., Spirometra spp., Strongyloides spp., Taenia spp., Toxocara canis/cati, Trichuris spp. can infect humans and have zoonotic transmission potential. The key risk factors identified for dogs include the absence of deworming, male sex, age under one year, and hunting behavior. For cats, the primary significant factors were the absence of deworming and being crossbred. The findings highlight the importance of regular deworming, proper pet management, and strengthened public health measures to mitigate veterinary and public health risks. This study can aid veterinarians and public health authorities in formulating strategies to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections while encouraging pet owners to adopt responsible pet care practices.
{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and zoonotic implications of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and cats in Dhaka City, Bangladesh","authors":"Abdullah Al Bayazid , Md. Farhan Hasan , Sourov Sutradhar , Ainun Nahar , Anas Bin Harun , Tania Sultana , Jinnat Rehena , Joynti Saha , Mokammel Hossain Tito , Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi , Basant Saud , Md Robiul Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in companion animals pose significant veterinary and public health challenges, especially in densely populated urban areas and<!--> <!-->developing regions such as Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thus, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of GI parasitic infections in pet dogs<!--> <!-->and cats, identify the parasite species, and analyze the associated risk factors. A<!--> <!-->cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2024, involving 120 dogs and 197 cats in Dhaka City. Fresh fecal samples were collected from the dogs and cats and analyzed for parasitic eggs, cysts, and oocysts using microscopic methods, including direct smear, fecal flotation, and sedimentation techniques. The results revealed an overall parasitic prevalence of 63.33 % in dogs and 58.37 % in cats, with a total of 15 parasitic species identified in both pets. The presence of both shared and host-specific parasites highlights the risks of environmental contamination, with <em>Toxocara</em> spp. being the most commonly identified parasite in dogs and cats. Among the parasites, <em>Alaria</em> spp., <em>Ancylostoma</em> spp., <em>Ascaris</em> spp., <em>Balantidium coli, Capillaria</em> spp., <em>Entamoeba coli, Schistosoma</em> spp., <em>Spirometra</em> spp., <em>Strongyloides</em> spp., <em>Taenia</em> spp., <em>Toxocara canis/cati, Trichuris</em> spp. can infect humans and have zoonotic transmission potential. The key risk factors identified for dogs include the absence of deworming, male sex, age under one year,<!--> <!-->and hunting behavior. For cats, the primary significant factors were the absence of deworming and being crossbred. The findings highlight the importance of regular deworming, proper pet management, and strengthened public health measures to mitigate veterinary and public health risks. This study can aid veterinarians and public health authorities in formulating strategies to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections while encouraging pet owners to adopt responsible pet care practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23600,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 101358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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