Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia最新文献_第3页

Comparison of medial and lateral ultrasound-guided approaches to radial, ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous (RUMM) nerve injections in rats 大鼠桡骨、尺骨、正中、肌皮（RUMM）神经注射的内侧和外侧超声引导入路比较。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101172

Douglas Castro , Andre Escobar , Nassim Bouhabib , Stuart C. Clark-Price , Erik H. Hofmeister

Objective

To compare the length staining of the radial, ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous nerves (RUMM) in rat cadavers using one of two ultrasound-guided injection approaches: medial (MA) and lateral (LA).

Study design

Prospective, experimental, randomized cadaveric study.

Animals

A group of ten frozen-thawed adult Wistar rat cadavers.

Methods

Ultrasound-guided proximal RUMM injections were performed using a volume of 0.1 mL of a bupivacaine-dye solution, divided between two injection sites: within the neurovascular sheath [radial, ulnar, and median (RUM) nerves] and near the musculocutaneous nerve. For LA (n = 10 rats, 10 limbs), a linear transducer was positioned over the triceps region at the proximal third of the brachium, oriented perpendicular to the humerus’s longitudinal axis, with the needle advanced from caudal to cranial. For MA (n = 10 rats, 10 limbs), the transducer was aligned perpendicular to the proximal humeral head, with the needle introduced from caudal to cranial. Anatomical dissections were performed and length of nerve staining was measured. Data were analyzed using paired two-tailed t-tests for parametric data with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

In both approaches, complete staining of RUM nerves within the neurovascular sheath was achieved. The MA resulted in significantly greater dye spread (10.4 ± 1.0 mm) than the LA (6.7 ± 1.7 mm, 95% confidence interval 2.1–5.3) (p < 0.001). All musculocutaneous nerves were stained in MA {5.0 mm [interquartile range (IQR): 4.8–6.0 mm]}, while one nerve was unstained in LA [5.5 mm (IQR: 5.0–6.0 mm)], with no observable differences between them.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The MA achieved greater dye spread length along the RUM nerves and similar spread length of the musculocutaneous nerve compared with the LA. Further studies are necessary to assess the application in live rats.

目的：比较超声引导下两种注射方式（内侧（MA）和外侧（LA））对大鼠尸体桡骨、尺骨、正中神经和肌皮神经（RUMM）的长度染色效果。研究设计：前瞻性、实验性、随机尸体研究。动物：一组10只冻融的成年Wistar大鼠尸体。方法：超声引导下进行RUMM近端注射，使用体积为0.1 mL的布比卡因染料溶液，在两个注射部位进行注射：神经血管鞘内[桡、尺、正中（RUM）神经]和肌肉皮神经附近。对于LA （n = 10只大鼠，10条肢体），在肱近三分之一的肱三头肌区域放置一个线性换能器，方向垂直于肱骨纵轴，针从尾骨向颅骨推进。对于MA （n = 10只大鼠，10条肢体），换能器垂直于肱骨近端头部，针从尾端插入颅骨。进行解剖解剖，测量神经染色长度。参数资料采用配对双尾t检验，显著性p < 0.05。结果：两种入路均实现了神经血管鞘内RUM神经的完全染色。MA导致的染色扩散（10.4±1.0 mm）明显大于LA(6.7±1.7 mm， 95%可信区间2.1 ~ 5.3)（p < 0.001）。所有肌皮神经均在MA {5.0 mm[四分位间距（IQR）： 4.8-6.0 mm]}染色，1条神经未在LA [5.5 mm (IQR: 5.0-6.0 mm)]染色，两者之间无明显差异。结论及临床意义：与LA相比，MA在RUM神经上的染色扩散长度更大，在肌皮神经上的扩散长度相似。对其在活体大鼠中的应用进行进一步的研究是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-guided out-of-plane approach to the sciatic nerve in dogs: a cadaveric comparison with the caudal in-plane approach. 超声引导的犬坐骨神经平面外入路：与尾侧平面内入路的尸体比较。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101169

Alfredo Díaz, Santiago E Fuensalida, Lisa Tarragona, Nicolás H Giansanti, Diego A Portela, Pablo E Otero

Objectives: To assess the feasibility [defined as successful circumferential staining of the sciatic nerve (SN) over > 2 cm] and incidence of needle-nerve contact of a novel ultrasound-guided out-of-plane approach targeting the subepimysial perineural compartment cranial to the SN, compared with the conventional caudocranial in-plane technique.

Study design: Prospective, randomized, experimental anatomical study.

Animals: Twelve canine cadavers (24 pelvic limbs).

Methods: Bilateral injections of 0.1 mL kg^-1 of a lidocaine-dye mixture were performed at the midthigh level in each canine cadaver, with one limb randomly assigned to the in-plane (caudocranial) approach and the contralateral limb to the out-of-plane (lateromedial) approach. Ultrasound recordings were analyzed for needle-nerve contact and number of attempts to reach the injection site. Anatomical dissections assessed the length of circumferential staining. The incidence of needle-nerve contact between approaches was analyzed using McNemar's test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Data not submitted to statistical testing are presented as median and 25th and 75th percentiles (Q1-Q3).

Results: Needle-nerve contact occurred in 9/12 (75%) in-plane injections but in 0/12 (0%) out-of-plane injections (p = 0.003). The out-of-plane approach required fewer attempts to reach the injection site [1 (1-2)] than the in-plane approach [2.5 (2-3.5)] and a shorter needle insertion depth [2.4 (2.1-3.1)] versus 4.61 (3.6-5.2) cm]. Circumferential staining was achieved in all specimens, with staining lengths of 3.5 (2.8-6.6) cm for the in-plane and 4.3 (3.5-4.9) cm for the out-of-plane approach.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: The ultrasound-guided out-of-plane approach targeting the subepimysial perineural compartment cranial to the SN in dogs consistently achieved circumferential staining without observable needle contact, requiring fewer attempts and a shorter needle path compared with the traditional in-plane technique.

目的：与传统的尾颅面内技术相比，评估一种新的超声引导的面外入路的可行性[定义为成功地对超过bbbb2 cm的坐骨神经（SN）进行周向染色]和针神经接触的发生率。研究设计：前瞻性、随机、实验性解剖研究。动物：12具犬类尸体（24具骨盆肢）。方法：双侧在每具犬的大腿中部水平注射利多卡因-染料混合物0.1 mL kg-1，随机选择一条肢体为面内（尾颅）入路，对侧肢体为面外（外侧）入路。超声记录分析针与神经的接触和到达注射部位的尝试次数。解剖解剖评估周向染色的长度。采用McNemar检验分析入路间针神经接触发生率，p < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。未提交统计检验的数据以中位数、第25和第75百分位（Q1-Q3）表示。结果：9/12位面内注射发生针神经接触（75%），0/12位面外注射发生针神经接触（0%）（p = 0.003）。面外入路比面内入路[2.5(2-3.5)]到达注射部位的次数更少[1(1-2)]，针头插入深度[2.4(2.1-3.1)]比4.61 (3.6-5.2)cm]更短。所有标本均进行周向染色，面内染色长度为3.5 (2.8-6.6)cm，面外染色长度为4.3 (3.5-4.9)cm。结论及临床意义：超声引导下的面外入路对犬脑膜下神经周围室颅侧SN均可获得周向染色，无明显的针接触，与传统的面内入路相比，需要更少的次数和更短的针径。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-guided coronoid approach to the trigeminal nerve block in a dog undergoing orbital exenteration 超声引导下冠状入路治疗犬眼眶摘除三叉神经阻滞

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101171

Sophie Dixon , Alvaro Guitérrez-Bautista , Roger Medina-Serra

An ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block using a coronoid approach was performed in a male neutered Jack Russell Terrier, aged 12 years, undergoing orbital exenteration for a retrobulbar mass. The previously reported temporal approach for this block was contraindicated as the location of the mass risked intersecting the tumour with the needle. With the dog anaesthetized and in left lateral recumbency, a microconvex transducer was placed caudal to the orbital ligament to obtain a transverse view of the pterygopalatine fossa. The angle of the probe was adjusted until the frontal bone and sphenoid complex could be visualized, along with the coronoid process of the mandible. Colour Doppler identified the location of the maxillary artery exiting the skull. A 22 gauge, 38 mm, spinal needle was inserted using an in-plane technique until the tip was near the artery. After negative aspiration, 1.35 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine was injected, with anechoic fluid observed during injection along the fascial plane and around the artery. During surgery, noninvasive arterial blood pressure remained within 20% of baseline values, whereas heart rate (HR) increased from 95 to 118 beats minute^–1, exceeding the 20% threshold. A low dose of intravenous methadone (0.07 mg kg^–1) was administered without effect, and HR normalized following intravenous fluid infusion, consistent with a response to vasodilation rather than nociception. A multimodal analgesic plan (methadone, paracetamol and meloxicam) was implemented and continued postoperatively. Postoperative pain was assessed every 4 hours using the Short Form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale, with scores remaining below the rescue threshold throughout the postoperative period. This case suggests that the coronoid approach to the trigeminal nerve block is feasible and may be effective as part of a multimodal analgesic approach. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its safety and efficacy in dogs undergoing craniofacial surgery.

超声引导下的三叉神经阻滞采用冠状入路对一只12岁的雄性绝育杰克罗素梗犬进行眼眶切除，以治疗球后肿块。先前报道的颞部入路是禁忌的，因为肿块的位置有与针头相交的风险。犬麻醉后左侧卧位，将微凸传感器置于眶韧带尾侧，以获得翼腭窝的横向视图。调整探针的角度，直到可以看到额骨和蝶骨复合体，以及下颌骨的冠突。彩色多普勒确定了出颅骨的上颌动脉的位置。使用平面内技术插入一根22号，38毫米的脊髓针，直到针尖靠近动脉。阴性抽吸后，注射0.75%罗哌卡因1.35 mL，注射时沿筋膜平面及动脉周围可见无回声液体。手术期间，无创动脉血压保持在基线值的20%以内，而心率（HR）从95次增加到118次/分，超过20%的阈值。静脉注射低剂量美沙酮（0.07 mg kg-1）无效果，静脉输液后HR恢复正常，与血管舒张反应一致，而不是伤害性反应。采用多模式镇痛方案（美沙酮、扑热息痛、美洛昔康），并在术后继续使用。术后疼痛每4小时进行一次评估，使用格拉斯哥综合疼痛量表，评分在整个术后期间均低于抢救阈值。本病例提示冠状入路进入三叉神经阻滞是可行的，并且作为多模式镇痛入路的一部分可能有效。需要进一步的研究来评估其对接受颅面手术的狗的安全性和有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-guided lateral approach to the sciatic and femoral nerves in chicken cadavers: a comparison of two injection volumes of a bupivacaine-dye solution. 超声引导下鸡尸体坐骨和股神经外侧入路：布比卡因染料溶液两种注射体积的比较。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101170

André Escobar, Douglas Castro, Tom Campbell, Kristen Fizzano

Objective: To compare the length of nerve staining of two volumes of bupivacaine-dye solution following ultrasound-guided injections of sciatic and femoral nerves using a lateral approach in chicken cadavers.

Study design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design.

Animals: A group of eight Ross 708 breeder hen cadavers weighing 1.7 ± 0.5 kg.

Methods: Chicken cadavers were placed in lateral recumbency, and an ultrasound transducer was positioned perpendicular to the femur, on the proximolateral aspect of the thigh, allowing visualization of the sciatic nerve and femoral neurovascular sheath in the same acoustic window. Each chicken leg (n = 16) was assigned to one of two treatments: low-volume (0.2 mL per nerve; LV) or high-volume (0.8 mL per nerve; HV) bupivacaine-dye solution. Perineural injections in the sciatic and femoral nerves were performed by advancing an insulated needle in-plane in a caudal-to-cranial direction. The coelomic cavities were inspected for dye solution. Gross dissections were conducted to assess distribution of the dye in both phases. Length of nerve staining between LV and HV groups was compared using a two-tailed t test.

Results: All sciatic nerves for both groups were stained. One femoral nerve in the LV group and two in the HV group were not stained. The mean ± standard deviation length of nerve staining for LV and HV was 2.3 ± 0.7 and 4.7 ± 1.0 cm (p = 0.001) for the sciatic nerve, and 1.5 ± 0.5 and 2.8 ± 0.7 cm (p = 0.002) for the femoral nerve, respectively. Dye was detected in the coelomic musculature of one chicken and coelomic cavity of another after femoral nerve injections.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Both low- and high-injection volumes effectively stained all sciatic and most femoral nerves using an ultrasound-guided lateral approach. However, coelomic cavity injection may occur with this approach to the femoral nerve.

目的：比较超声引导下经外侧入路注射鸡尸体坐骨和股神经后，两体积布比卡因染色液对神经的染色长度。研究设计：前瞻性、随机、盲法、交叉设计。动物：8只罗斯708种鸡尸体，体重1.7±0.5公斤。方法：鸡尸体侧卧，超声换向器垂直于股骨，位于大腿近外侧，在同一声窗内可见坐骨神经和股神经血管鞘。每只鸡腿（n = 16）被分配到两种处理中的一种：低容量（每根神经0.2 mL； LV）或高容量（每根神经0.8 mL； HV）布比卡因染料溶液。坐骨神经和股神经的神经周围注射是通过一根绝缘针在尾端到颅方向的平面内推进进行的。检查体腔中是否有染料溶液。进行大体解剖以评估染料在两个阶段的分布。LV组与HV组神经染色长度比较采用双尾t检验。结果：两组坐骨神经均染色。LV组1条股神经未染色，HV组2条未染色。神经染色的平均±标准差长度，坐骨神经为2.3±0.7 cm和4.7±1.0 cm (p = 0.001)，股神经为1.5±0.5 cm和2.8±0.7 cm （p = 0.002）。注射股神经后，一只鸡的体腔肌肉组织和另一只鸡的体腔腔中检测到染料。结论及临床意义：超声引导侧位入路低、高注射量均可有效染色所有坐骨神经和大部分股神经。然而，经此入路进入股神经时，体腔注射也可能发生。

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided lateral approach to the sciatic and femoral nerves in chicken cadavers: a comparison of two injection volumes of a bupivacaine-dye solution.","authors":"André Escobar, Douglas Castro, Tom Campbell, Kristen Fizzano","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the length of nerve staining of two volumes of bupivacaine-dye solution following ultrasound-guided injections of sciatic and femoral nerves using a lateral approach in chicken cadavers.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A group of eight Ross 708 breeder hen cadavers weighing 1.7 ± 0.5 kg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chicken cadavers were placed in lateral recumbency, and an ultrasound transducer was positioned perpendicular to the femur, on the proximolateral aspect of the thigh, allowing visualization of the sciatic nerve and femoral neurovascular sheath in the same acoustic window. Each chicken leg (n = 16) was assigned to one of two treatments: low-volume (0.2 mL per nerve; LV) or high-volume (0.8 mL per nerve; HV) bupivacaine-dye solution. Perineural injections in the sciatic and femoral nerves were performed by advancing an insulated needle in-plane in a caudal-to-cranial direction. The coelomic cavities were inspected for dye solution. Gross dissections were conducted to assess distribution of the dye in both phases. Length of nerve staining between LV and HV groups was compared using a two-tailed t test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All sciatic nerves for both groups were stained. One femoral nerve in the LV group and two in the HV group were not stained. The mean ± standard deviation length of nerve staining for LV and HV was 2.3 ± 0.7 and 4.7 ± 1.0 cm (p = 0.001) for the sciatic nerve, and 1.5 ± 0.5 and 2.8 ± 0.7 cm (p = 0.002) for the femoral nerve, respectively. Dye was detected in the coelomic musculature of one chicken and coelomic cavity of another after femoral nerve injections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Both low- and high-injection volumes effectively stained all sciatic and most femoral nerves using an ultrasound-guided lateral approach. However, coelomic cavity injection may occur with this approach to the femoral nerve.</p>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":" ","pages":"101170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incidence and risk factors for intra-anesthetic hyperglycemia in 400 nondiabetic dogs: a retrospective cohort study. 400只非糖尿病犬麻醉内高血糖的发生率和危险因素：一项回顾性队列研究。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.12.001

Jihyun Kim, Minha Kim, Hwanhoon Park, Inhyung Lee, Won-Gyun Son

Objective: To determine the incidence of intra-anesthetic hyperglycemia and identify associated risk factors in nondiabetic dogs undergoing general anesthesia.

Study design: Retrospective, single-center cohort study.

Animals: A total of 400 client-owned, nondiabetic dogs anesthetized for surgical or diagnostic procedures between May and December 2024.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed to collect data on patient characteristics, anesthetic management and intra-anesthetic blood glucose concentrations measured via arterial blood gas analysis. Hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose > 180 mg dL^-1 (10 mmol L^-1) and severe hyperglycemia as > 300 mg dL^-1 (16.7 mmol L^-1). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent associated factors of hyperglycemia.

Results: Intra-anesthetic hyperglycemia occurred in 14.8% (59/400) of dogs, and severe hyperglycemia was observed in 4.3% (17/400). Multivariable logistic regression identified the following independent risk factors for hyperglycemia: preanesthetic fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg dL^-1 (5.6 mmol L^-1) [odds ratio (OR) 4.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.98-9.79, p < 0.001], American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA status) ≥ 3 (OR 2.78, 95% CI: 1.18-6.54, p = 0.019), medetomidine use (OR 4.62, 95% CI: 1.03-20.75, p = 0.046), undergoing surgery (OR 3.09, 95% CI: 1.21-7.85, p = 0.018), intra-anesthetic hypothermia < 36 °C (OR 3.09, 95% CI: 1.29-7.38, p = 0.011), dopamine (OR 22.75, 95% CI: 9.36-55.33, p < 0.001) and norepinephrine use (OR 4.63, 95% CI: 1.76-12.20, p = 0.002), with dopamine showing the strongest association.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Intra-anesthetic hyperglycemia occurred in nondiabetic dogs, with specific risk factors identified: elevated preanesthetic fasting glucose, ASA status ≥ 3, medetomidine use, surgery, intra-anesthetic hypothermia, dopamine and norepinephrine use. Patients with these risk factors may be predisposed to hyperglycemia, highlighting the importance of intra-anesthetic glucose monitoring.

目的：了解非糖尿病犬全身麻醉时麻醉内高血糖的发生率及相关危险因素。研究设计：回顾性、单中心队列研究。动物：在2024年5月至12月期间，共有400只客户拥有的非糖尿病犬被麻醉用于手术或诊断程序。方法：回顾医疗记录，收集患者特征、麻醉管理和麻醉中动脉血气分析测得的血糖浓度数据。高血糖定义为血糖> 180 mg dL-1 (10 mmol L-1)，重度高血糖定义为> 300 mg dL-1 （16.7 mmol L-1）。进行单变量和多变量logistic回归分析以确定高血糖的独立相关因素。结果：14.8%（59/400）犬出现麻醉内高血糖，4.3%（17/400）犬出现重度高血糖。多变量logistic回归确定了以下高血糖的独立危险因素：麻醉前空腹血糖≥100 mg dL-1 (5.6 mmol L-1)[比值比（OR） 4.40, 95%可信区间（CI）： 1.98-9.79, p < 0.001]，美国麻醉医师协会身体状态分类（ASA状态）≥3 (OR 2.78, 95% CI: 1.18-6.54, p = 0.019)，美托咪定使用（OR 4.62, 95% CI: 1.03-20.75, p = 0.046），接受手术(OR 3.09, 95% CI：1.21-7.85, p = 0.018)、麻醉下低温< 36°C （OR 3.09, 95% CI: 1.29-7.38, p = 0.011）、多巴胺（OR 22.75, 95% CI: 9.36-55.33, p < 0.001）和去甲肾上腺素的使用（OR 4.63, 95% CI: 1.76-12.20, p = 0.002），其中多巴胺的相关性最强。结论及临床意义：非糖尿病犬出现麻醉内高血糖，确定了特定的危险因素：麻醉前空腹血糖升高、ASA状态≥3、使用美托咪定、手术、麻醉内低温、使用多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素。具有这些危险因素的患者可能易患高血糖，这突出了麻醉中血糖监测的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Severe bradycardia and asystole in a dog after intravenous metoclopramide injection 犬静脉注射甲氧氯普胺后出现严重心动过缓和心脏骤停。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.12.002

Liliana Rolfi, Mandoline Chesnel

A 5-month-old English Bulldog with a history of clinically resolved bronchopneumonia was admitted for a computed tomography scan and corrective surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. The day of imaging and surgery, the dog did not show any signs of cardiovascular abnormalities. The dog was premedicated intravenously (IV) with maropitant (1 mg kg⁻¹), pantoprazole (1 mg kg⁻¹) and acepromazine (20 μg kg⁻¹). Anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (2 mg kg⁻¹) IV after 5 minutes of preoxygenation, and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen [inspired fraction (FIO₂) =1]. After induction, physiological variables were unremarkable. Metoclopramide (1 mg kg⁻¹) was injected slowly IV, and the dog immediately developed a severe sinus bradycardia (4 beats minute⁻¹) followed by asystole. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started along with atropine (40 μg kg⁻¹ IV), and isoflurane discontinued. Within 1 minute, spontaneous circulation with stable haemodynamic variables was restored. Both the diagnostic and the surgical procedures were completed without further complications. The dog recovered and was discharged the same day. Rare but serious cardiac effects have been described following metoclopramide administration in humans, including bradycardia, asystole and arrhythmia. Cardiotoxicity may be linked to its clinical ability to inhibit sodium channels. To our knowledge, no metoclopramide-induced asystole has previously been reported in veterinary patients. The link between cardiac arrest and metoclopramide administration and possible predisposing factors in this case are discussed.

一只5个月大的英国斗牛犬，有临床解决的支气管肺炎病史，因短头性阻塞性气道综合征接受了计算机断层扫描和矫正手术。当天的成像和手术，狗没有显示任何心血管异常的迹象。预先静脉注射马洛匹坦（1 mg kg-1）、泮托拉唑（1 mg kg-1）、乙酰丙嗪（20 μg kg-1）。预充氧5min后用阿法索酮（2mg kg-1） IV麻醉，异氟醚氧维持麻醉[吸入分数(FIO2) =1]。诱导后生理指标无显著差异。静脉缓慢注射甲氧氯普胺（1mg kg-1），犬立即出现严重窦性心动过缓（4次/ min -1），随后出现心脏骤停。开始心肺复苏，同时给予阿托品（40 μg kg-1 IV），异氟醚停用。在1分钟内，血液动力学变量恢复稳定的自发循环。诊断和手术均顺利完成，无进一步并发症。狗康复了，当天就出院了。罕见但严重的心脏影响已被描述在人服用甲氧氯普胺后，包括心动过缓，心脏骤停和心律失常。心脏毒性可能与其临床抑制钠离子通道的能力有关。据我们所知，此前没有兽医患者因甲氧氯普胺引起心脏骤停的报道。在这种情况下，心脏骤停和甲氧氯普胺给药之间的联系和可能的诱发因素进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the effect of local anaesthetic cream on the behavioural response to intravenous cannulation of calves 局部麻醉乳膏对小牛静脉插管行为反应的影响

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.12.004

Dogukan Polat, Latif Emrah Yanmaz, Mehmet Nur Cetin, Servet Yalcin

Objective

To evaluate the behavioural response of calves to intravenous (IV) cannulation following application of local anaesthetic cream or a placebo, with a focus on the efficacy of 2 or 5 minute exposure periods.

Study design

Prospective, randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Animals

A total of 60 Holstein calves enrolled as part of a scheduled disbudding procedure.

Methods

Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four groups: local anaesthetic [eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA)] or placebo with 2 or 5 minute exposure (15 calves per group). After treatment, an IV catheter was placed in a jugular vein and behavioural responses to catheter placement were scored on a 0–3 scale, with a higher value indicating a greater response. Reaction scores were analysed using Mann–Whitney U tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Cream application sites were evaluated 15 minutes post-procedure for any adverse effects.

Results

No adverse effects or dermal toxicity were observed. Behavioural response scores did not differ significantly between the EMLA 2 group [median (range): 1 (0–3)] and the Placebo 2 group [1 (0–3); p = 0.566]. However, a significant difference was observed between the EMLA 5 group [0 (0–2)] and the Placebo 5 group [1 (0–3); p = 0.010].

Conclusions and clinical relevance

This study demonstrates that a 5 minute exposure to EMLA cream effectively reduced behavioural reactions in calves during IV cannulation. Based on these findings, a 5 minute exposure period may be recommended to improve the welfare of calves undergoing IV cannulation.

目的评价小牛在应用局部麻醉药膏或安慰剂后对静脉（IV）插管的行为反应，重点关注2或5分钟暴露期的效果。研究设计：前瞻性、随机、盲法、安慰剂对照临床试验。总共有60头荷斯坦小牛参加了预定的脱毛程序。方法将肖尔斯坦犊牛随机分为4组：局部麻醉[共熔局麻药混合物（EMLA）]组和安慰剂组，每组15头。治疗后，在颈静脉内放置静脉导管，并对导管放置的行为反应进行评分，评分范围为0-3分，得分越高表示反应越好。反应评分采用Mann-Whitney U检验，p <； 0.05为差异有统计学意义。在手术后15分钟评估乳膏涂抹部位是否有任何不良反应。结果本品无不良反应及皮肤毒性。行为反应评分在EMLA 2组[中位数（范围）：1(0-3)]和安慰剂2组[1(0-3)]之间无显著差异；P = 0.566]。然而，EMLA 5组[0(0 - 2)]与安慰剂5组[1(0 - 3)]之间存在显著差异；P = 0.010]。本研究表明，暴露于EMLA乳膏5分钟可有效减少小牛在静脉插管期间的行为反应。基于这些发现，5分钟的暴露时间可能会被推荐，以改善小牛接受静脉插管的福利。

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引用次数: 0

Multimodal perianaesthetic management in a dog undergoing portal vein venotomy 犬门静脉切开术的多模式围麻醉处理

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.12.003

Lorenza Paolella , Filippo Cinti , Beatrice Hertel , Stefania Renier , Elisa Bortolami

引用次数: 0

Gas leakage around cuffed endotracheal tubes and the effect of gel lubrication: in vitro and ex vivo models 气管内套管周围气体泄漏及凝胶润滑的影响：体外和离体模型

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.008

Hamaseh Tayari , Ricardo Felisberto , Jenny Shortland , Angela Briganti , Alex Dugdale

Objective

To determine whether inflating high-volume, low-pressure (HVLP) endotracheal tube (ETT) cuffs to 30 cmH₂O prevents significant gas leakage (>5 mL) during intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) in rigid in vitro and ex vivo porcine tracheal models, and whether ETT cuff lubrication reduces the pressure needed for an effective airway seal.

Study design

Prospective, randomised, crossover design.

Animals

A group of 20 porcine excised tracheae.

Methods

Phase 1: In a rigid in vitro tracheal model (PVC tube, 22 mm inner diameter, 30 ° incline) connected to a 1 L test lung delivering IPPV (peak inspiratory pressure 10 cmH₂O, 12 breaths minute^-1, inspiratory:expiratory ratio 1:3), randomly selected HVLP ETTs (five per size, 7.0–10.0 mm inner diameter) were inserted and cuffs inflated to 30 cmH₂O. Gas leakage during IPPV, determined as inspiratory–expiratory volume difference (ΔI–E), was measured 12 times per ETT, before and after water-soluble gel lubrication. Phase 2 replicated the experiments using 20 ex vivo porcine tracheae [20 mm ± 2 mm inner diameter (mean ± standard deviation)]. Finally, minimum cuff pressures required to achieve negligible leakage (≤5 mL) were determined before and after lubrication. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with Conover–Iman post hoc and Bonferroni corrections.

Results

In vitro, median ΔI–E before lubrication was 155 mL (7.0 mm), 77 mL (8.0 mm), 27 mL (9.0 mm), and 20 mL (10.0 mm). Lubrication reduced leakage (p < 0.0001) and cuff pressures by 8.7 ± 10.4 to 22 ± 4.2 cmH₂O. Ex vivo, median ΔI–E before lubrication was 22 mL (7.0 mm), 20 mL (8.0 mm), 19 mL (9.0 mm), and 12 mL (10.0 mm). Lubrication reduced leakage (p < 0.0001) and cuff pressures by 3.4 ± 1.5 to 12 ± 9.5 cmH₂O. Leakage differed significantly between sizes before and after lubrication (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Inflating HVLP ETT cuffs to 30 cmH₂O alone did not reliably prevent gas leakage, but lubrication significantly reduced leakage and the cuff pressure required for an effective airway seal, particularly in smaller ETTs.

目的探讨在猪体外和离体刚性气管模型中，将高容量低压（HVLP）气管插管（ETT）袖口充气至30 cmH2O是否能防止间歇正压通气（IPPV）过程中明显的气体泄漏（5 mL），以及ETT袖口润滑是否能降低有效气道密封所需的压力。研究设计前瞻性、随机、交叉设计。动物组20头猪切除气管。方法第1阶段：体外气管刚性模型（PVC管，内径22 mm， 30°倾斜）连接1 L试验肺（吸气峰值压10 cmH2O， 12次呼吸分钟-1次，吸气：呼气比1:3），随机选择HVLP套（每种尺寸5个，内径7.0-10.0 mm），充气至30 cmH2O。在水溶性凝胶润滑前后，每ETT测量12次IPPV期间的气体泄漏，以吸气-呼气体积差（ΔI-E）确定。第二阶段采用20根离体猪气管[内径20 mm±2 mm（平均±标准差）]重复实验。最后，在润滑前后确定最小袖带压力，以达到可忽略的泄漏（≤5ml）。统计分析包括t检验、Wilcoxon sign -rank检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验，并采用Conover-Iman事后校正和Bonferroni校正。结果润滑前体外平均ΔI-E为155 mL （7.0 mm）、77 mL （8.0 mm）、27 mL （9.0 mm）、20 mL （10.0 mm）。润滑减少了泄漏（p < 0.0001）和袖带压力8.7±10.4至22±4.2 cmH2O。离体，润滑前的中位ΔI-E为22 mL (7.0 mm), 20 mL (8.0 mm), 19 mL （9.0 mm）和12 mL （10.0 mm）。润滑减少了泄漏（p < 0.0001）和袖带压力3.4±1.5至12±9.5 cmH2O。润滑前后尺寸之间的泄漏差异显著（p < 0.0001）。结论：单独将HVLP ETT袖口充气至30 cmH2O并不能可靠地防止气体泄漏，但润滑可以显著减少泄漏和有效气道密封所需的袖口压力，特别是在较小的ETT中。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement of oxygenation and shunt fraction following lung lobectomy during selective lung ventilation with the Uniblocker in a dog during propofol-dexmedetomidine anaesthesia. 异丙酚-右美托咪定麻醉犬单阻断剂选择性肺通气期间肺肺叶切除术后氧合和分流分数的改善。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.005

Valeria Martín Bellido, Federico Corletto

引用次数: 0