Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia最新文献

{"title":"The impact of using pain scales by untrained students on the decision to provide analgesia to multiple species","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate if students without training assess pain similarly to an expert, and to compare indications for analgesic intervention based on student opinions <em>versus</em> scale scoring.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective, blind, randomized, cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Video recordings of a bull, horse, cat, pig and sheep.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>First-year veterinary medicine students assessed one video of a horse (<em>n</em> = 44) and one video of a bull (<em>n</em> = 39). Third-year veterinary medicine students assessed one video of a cat (<em>n</em> = 23) and one video of a pig (<em>n</em> = 21). Fourth-year animal science students (<em>n</em> = 16) assessed one video of a sheep. The species assessed by different student classes were determined randomly. Students were unaware of animal history or existing pain assessment and decided whether they would provide analgesia according to their opinion. They then scored each video using species-specific validated pain scales. Scores were compared with those of a board-certified anesthesiologist (expert). Chi-square test was used to compare students and expert.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Students underestimated the expert's score by 8–20%, except for the horse. There was no difference between the analgesic indication according to the assessment of the expert (143/143, 100%) and students (141/143, 98.6%) considering the defined analgesic intervention threshold for each scale (<em>p</em> = 0.478). The indication for analgesic intervention according to students’ opinion (116/143, 81.1%) was lower than that according to their scale scores (141/143, 98.6%) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Students tended to underestimate pain; however, they detected pain that requires analgesic intervention in animals similarly to an expert. The use of scales optimized the indication for providing analgesia when animals were experiencing pain that required analgesic intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cardiopulmonary effects of propofol, ketamine–propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare the effects of propofol, ketamine–propofol and isoflurane, at similar anesthetic depth, on cardiopulmonary variables in unpremedictated chickens.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental trial.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>A total of 10 male Leghorn domestic chickens, aged 3 months and body mass 1.4–2.0 kg.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Birds were randomly assigned to each of three anesthetic protocols, 7 days apart: intravenous propofol, intravenous ketamine–propofol or isoflurane. Anesthesia was induced (indicated by loss of righting reflex and tracheal intubation) and maintained with propofol (10 mg kg^–1 minute^–1, then 1.1 mg kg^–1 minute^–1), ketamine–propofol (5 mg mL^–1 ketamine and 5 mg mL^–1 propofol combined; 10 mg kg^–1 minute^–1, then 1.1 mg kg^–1 minute^–1) or isoflurane [5% vaporizer setting initially, then end-tidal concentration (F<span>e</span>′Iso) of 2%] for 65 minutes. Anesthesia was maintained at a similar anesthetic depth based upon positive or negative responses to toe pinch. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (<em>f</em>_R), noninvasive arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases were measured during anesthesia. Propofol or ketamine–propofol infusion rates and F<span>e′</span>Iso required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus and recovery times were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Anesthesia induction dose was 9.0 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD) and 12.2 ± 0.3 mg kg^–1 for propofol and ketamine–propofol, respectively. Propofol and ketamine–propofol infusion rates and F<span>e′</span>Iso required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus were 0.88 ± 0.14 mg kg^–1 minute^–1, 0.92 ± 0.14 mg kg^–1 minute^–1 and 1.45 ± 0.28%, respectively. Cardiopulmonary variables remained clinically acceptable, but ketamine–propofol was associated with a significantly higher HR (<em>p</em> = 0.0001) and lower <em>f</em>_R (<em>p</em> = 0.0001). Time to extubation did not differ among treatments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were maintained within normal ranges in all treatments. Coadministration of ketamine with propofol significantly reduced the induction and maintenance dose of propofol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic profile and physiological effects of oral and compounded intravenous gabapentin in goats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects following oral and intravenous (IV) administration of gabapentin in goats.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective, crossover study with a 3 week washout period between treatments.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>A total of eight healthy, client-owned, female goats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Gabapentin (10 mg kg^–1) was administered to goats either orally or IV. Gabapentin concentrations were measured in serum samples collected 0–96 hours post-administration using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature were recorded before and throughout the study. Correlations of the mean serum concentrations of gabapentin to those of each physiological parameter were determined using the Pearson method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean and standard deviation of oral bioavailability for gabapentin was 60.9 ± 11.2%. Maximum serum concentration of gabapentin was lower following oral (1.19 ± 0.29 μg mL^–1) than after IV administration (59.76 ± 14.38 μg mL^–1, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Half-lives were longer following PO (8.18 ± 0.57 hours) than after IV administration (1.79 ± 0.06 hours, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Time to maximum concentration was 6.86 ± 2.27 hours following oral administration. Heart rate was inversely correlated with serum gabapentin concentrations. Slight ataxia was observed in three animals, and one became recumbent following IV gabapentin.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Gabapentin is well-absorbed following oral administration to goats but yielded significantly lower serum concentrations than the IV route. The longer half-life of gabapentin following oral than after IV administration may result from prolonged absorption throughout the caprine gastrointestinal tract. IV gabapentin may cause slight ataxia in some goats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on residency training in American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia programs in North America: a quantitative survey","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To characterize the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aspects of the anesthesia residency experience from the perspective of American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (ACVAA) mentors and trainees. This includes the residency interview process, didactic training and availability and variety of clinical cases for resident learning.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cross-sectional, online, anonymous voluntary survey.</p></div><div><h3>Sample population</h3><p>A total of 58 respondents, representing 30 residency program mentors and 28 residents.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Surveys were distributed by email to 94 residency program mentors and 70 residents, representing programs and residents registered with the ACVAA during the years of 2019–2021. Anonymous links to an online survey were provided via a link embedded in the email. Questions included perceived impacts (–5 to +5 scale) on didactic and clinical training, case distribution, workload, residency application and selection process, and mental health<span>. Responses were summarized with descriptive statistics [median (IQR) or mean ± SD].</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The overall survey response rate was 31.9% (30/94) and 40.0% (28/70) for resident program mentors and residents, respectively. There was a negative perceived impact on overall residency training reported: –1.0 (IQR –2.0 to 0) for program mentors and –1.5 ± 1.5 for residents. The reported perceived impact of travel limitations on case log completion was –2.0 (IQR –4.0 to –1.0) for program mentors and –2.4 ± 2.0 for residents. Program mentors and residents had incongruent feelings on the impact of the pandemic on work hours, with residents reporting a perceived increase in work hours [+2.1 ± 2.1 <em>versus</em> 0 (IQR –1.0 to 0)].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Residency program mentors and residents generally agreed that the COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted multiple aspects of residency interview and training process. A broader, objective analysis of veterinary anesthesia training programs is required to fully elucidate the scale of the impact on veterinary anesthesia training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study of the changes in dynamic compliance and ventilation/perfusion mismatch following salbutamol inhalation in hypoxaemic mechanically ventilated anaesthetized horses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the changes in dynamic compliance (C_dyn), ventilation/perfusion (<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>/ <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>) mismatch and haemodynamic variables in hypoxaemic anaesthetized horses whose PaO₂ increased following salbutamol inhalation.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Retrospective, clinical, cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>A group of 73 client-owned horses treated with salbutamol when PaO₂ &lt;100 mmHg (13.3 kPa) during anaesthesia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Horses were divided into two groups: responders (R), where PaO₂ after salbutamol ≥1.2 PaO₂ before treatment (i.e. ≥20% increase), and non-responders (NR), where PaO₂ after salbutamol &lt;1.2 PaO₂ before treatment. Demographic data and intraoperative variables before treatment were compared between R and NR. C_dyn, arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide difference [P(a-E´)CO₂], estimated ratio of dead space to tidal volume (est.V_D/V_T), estimated shunt fraction (F-shunt), heart rate, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure and dobutamine requirements were compared before and after treatment within R and NR. For each variable, the difference (Δ) between values pre- and posttreatment was calculated and compared between groups R and NR. Numerical data were compared using univariate or bivariate analysis and categorical data were compared using chi-square test; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 73 horses 50 were classified as R while 23 horses were classified as NR. There was no statistical difference between R and NR for demographic data or initial intraoperative variables except for body weight [R: 531 (170–715) kg, NR: 540 (420–914) kg]. While salbutamol did not alter C_dyn in either group, it significantly decreased P(a-E´)CO₂, est.V_D/V_T and F-shunt in R only. ΔP(a-E´)CO₂, Δest.V_D/V_T and ΔF-shunt were significantly greater in R (−17.8%, −19.0% and −24.1%, respectively) than in NR (11.5%, 6.6% and −0.3%, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>In hypoxaemic anaesthetized horses responding to inhaled salbutamol by a ≥1.2 increase in PaO₂ no change in C_dyn was detected, but indicators of <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>/ <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> mismatch improved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaesthetic practices and attitudes to patient safety in a sample of Australian veterinary practices","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To survey anaesthetic practices and attitudes towards veterinary patient safety in Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>This was a cross-sectional sample population from Australian veterinary practices, including first opinion small animal, mixed animal and referral small animal practices. The survey included practices’ anaesthetic management, monitoring equipment and topics regarding patient safety.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Responses were obtained from 310/1700 (18%) veterinary practices, with 208 respondents from small animal practices (67%), 71 mixed animal practices (23%) and 31 referral small animal centres (10%). Overall, 61% of respondents reported always having a dedicated staff member monitoring the anaesthetic, who was most commonly a certified veterinary nurse (89%). In 22% of the practices, some of the staff monitoring an anaesthetic did not have any qualification. Completion of anaesthetic plans for each animal prior to an anaesthetic was reported by 24.5% of respondents and labelling of syringes was completed in 80% of practices. Pulse oximetry (98%) and temperature (88%) were the most common clinical variables monitored. The use of capnography (46%) or an electrocardiogram (48%) was also reported by the respondents. Emergency drugs, airway and ventilation equipment are available in 96%, 88% and 59% of practices, respectively. A defibrillator was available in 11% of practices with only 54% respondents being confident in using it. Of the respondents 60% were aware of anaesthesia safety interventions and clinical guidelines regarding patient safety during anaesthesia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Despite practices showing a relative improvement over the years in the standard of anaesthesia care, most of them are still not meeting international guidelines. Areas where changes could lead to improved safety practices could include: a trained person dedicated to monitor anaesthesia, pain scoring evaluation in patients recovering from anaesthesia, an increased use of standardised handover checklists, record keeping and an increase in open discussion of adverse events by the veterinary team.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467298724001156/pdfft?md5=ec17d44824ad669f39aa601707853aa3&pid=1-s2.0-S1467298724001156-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propofol-sparing and hemodynamic effects of guaifenesin in sheep","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the propofol-sparing and hemodynamic effects of guaifenesin administered for co-induction of anesthesia in sheep.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective, blinded, two-way crossover experimental study.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Thirteen healthy adult female sheep.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Anesthesia was induced without premedication with intravenous (IV) guaifenesin 5% at 100 mg kg^–1 (GGE) or an equivalent volume of physiologic saline (SAL), followed by IV propofol at a controlled rate (1 mg kg^–1 min^–1). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate and oscillometric noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP) were recorded at baseline after co-induction administration, following endotracheal intubation and every 2 minutes thereafter for 10 minutes. Propofol doses required to achieve intubation after each co-induction treatment were compared by independent Student’s <em>t</em>-test. Values of <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The propofol dose required (mean ± standard deviation) to achieve intubation was significantly lower (<em>p</em> = 0.001) in the GGE treatment (3.40 ± 0.74 mg kg^–1) than in the SAL treatment (5.94 ± 1.09 mg kg^–1). HR was increased after anesthetic induction compared with baseline in both treatments. HR was generally lower in the GGE treatment than in the SAL treatment. NIBP did not vary between GGE and SAL treatments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Guaifenesin, when administered as a co-induction agent with propofol in sheep, reduces propofol dose requirements and maintains hemodynamic variables within a clinically acceptable range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467298724001144/pdfft?md5=919c3fae40d18b715f969968e560fd35&pid=1-s2.0-S1467298724001144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of body position on transesophageal atrial pacing in dogs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the effect of body position on transesophageal atrial pacing (TEAP) in dogs.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective, experimental trial.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>A total of eight mixed-breed dogs, median body mass 25 kg (range 11–31 kg).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>TEAP was performed using a 6 Fr (2 mm) pacing catheter introduced transorally and positioned in the lower esophagus in left lateral recumbency. The catheter was withdrawn in 5 mm increments until successful TEAP. The minimum pacing threshold (MPT) was determined at each 5 mm increment until atrial capture could not be achieved at a maximal pulse amplitude of 40 mA. The zone of capture (ZOC) was the total distance over which TEAP was achieved. The same process was repeated in right lateral, ventral and dorsal recumbency. A linear mixed model was used to assess the impact of body position on TEAP and ZOC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>TEAP was achieved in all body positions. There was significant random effect of individual dogs on ZOC (<em>p</em> = 0.048) but not on MPT (<em>p</em> = 0.109). MPT was 11.56 ± 8.65 mA (mean ± SD), 8.43 ± 2.29 mA, 10.63 ± 6.91 mA and 10 ± 7.44 mA for dorsal, left and right lateral, and ventral recumbency, respectively. ZOC was 5.12 ± 2.08 cm, 6.35 ± 2.41 cm, 5.94 ± 3.23 cm and 5.31 ± 2.2 cm for dorsal, left lateral and right lateral, and ventral recumbency, respectively. Neither ZOC (<em>p</em> = 0.363) nor MPT (<em>p</em> = 0.716) varied significantly between body positions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>TEAP can be performed successfully in all body positions in dogs. Body position did not significantly influence MPT or ZOC values for TEAP. Further studies are needed to compare the efficacy of TEAP with the efficacy of standard pharmacological therapy for management of bradycardia during general anesthesia in dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental epidural morphine overdose in a cat","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasotracheal intubation in a goat with a congenital mandibular malformation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}