Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia最新文献_第2页

Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale and the visual analogue scale among laypeople, cat owners, students and experienced veterinarians Unesp-Botucatu猫疼痛量表和视觉模拟量表在外行人、猫主人、学生和有经验的兽医中的再现性和诊断准确性。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.001

Mirella M. Neves , Mayara T. de Lima , Pedro H.E. Trindade , Marcela C. Oliveira , Beatriz P. Monteiro , Nadia Crosignani , Chia T. Tseng , Kazuto Yamashita , Peter W. Kronen , Stelio P.L. Luna

Objective

To investigate the reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale short form (UFEPS-SF) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) among untrained laypersons, cat owners, veterinary students and experienced veterinarians.

Study design

Blind and randomized.

Animals

Videos of 10 female cats.

Methods

Three self-declared female and three male raters were included per group of experienced veterinarians, students, cat owners and laypersons (n = 24). Participants assessed 40 videos of female cats that underwent ovariohysterectomy: preoperative, postoperative, post-rescue analgesia, and 24 hours postoperatively. A multilevel generalized linear model followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate differences in UFEPS-SF scores between groups. Interobserver agreement was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between pairs of observers within each group. Area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic curves, specificity (no pain) and sensitivity (pain) were calculated.

Results

ICC for UFEPS-SF was higher for veterinarians and students than for laypersons and cat owners, although all results were very good (≥0.81). Reliability of the VAS was very good for experienced observers only. Females assigned higher median scores than males only at 24 hours postoperatively. UFEPS-SF specificity [confidence interval (CI)] and sensitivity (CI) were 0.83–1 (0.7–1) and 0.98–1 (0.91–1), respectively, and diagnostic accuracy [AUC (CI)] was excellent across all groups [0.99–1 (0.97–1)], with no significant differences between groups. The predictive capacity (AUC) of the VAS followed the order: experienced > students > cat owners = laypersons. VAS AUC values were lower than those of UFEPS-SF.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The UFEPS-SF can be reliably used by untrained laypersons, cat owners and students with no experience to identify acute postoperative pain in cats. The reproducibility, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of the VAS were suboptimal and inferior to those of the UFEPS-SF, except among experienced observers.

目的：探讨Unesp-Botucatu猫疼痛量表简表（UFEPS-SF）和视觉模拟量表（VAS）在未经培训的外行人、猫主、兽医学生和经验丰富的兽医中的再现性和诊断准确性。研究设计：随机盲法。动物：10只母猫的视频。方法：每组有经验的兽医、学生、养猫者和外行分别选取3名女性和3名男性评分者（n = 24）。参与者评估了40个接受卵巢子宫切除术的母猫的视频：术前、术后、抢救后镇痛和术后24小时。采用多水平广义线性模型和Bonferroni事后检验来评价两组间UFEPS-SF评分的差异。观察者之间的一致性通过每组内观察者对之间的类内相关系数（ICC）来计算。计算受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积（AUC）、特异性（无痛）和敏感性（痛）。结果：兽医和学生的UFEPS-SF的ICC高于外行人和猫主人，尽管所有结果都很好（≥0.81）。VAS的可靠性仅对有经验的观察者非常好。仅在术后24小时，女性的中位评分高于男性。UFEPS-SF特异性[置信区间（CI）]和敏感性（CI）分别为0.83-1（0.7-1）和0.98-1(0.91-1)，诊断准确性[AUC (CI)]在所有组中都很好[0.99-1(0.97-1)]，组间差异无统计学意义。VAS的预测能力（AUC）为：有经验的>学生>猫主人=外行人。VAS AUC值低于UFEPS-SF。结论及临床意义：未经训练的外行人、猫主人和没有经验的学生可以可靠地使用UFEPS-SF来识别猫术后急性疼痛。除经验丰富的观察者外，VAS的再现性、敏感性和诊断准确性均低于UFEPS-SF。

{"title":"Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale and the visual analogue scale among laypeople, cat owners, students and experienced veterinarians","authors":"Mirella M. Neves , Mayara T. de Lima , Pedro H.E. Trindade , Marcela C. Oliveira , Beatriz P. Monteiro , Nadia Crosignani , Chia T. Tseng , Kazuto Yamashita , Peter W. Kronen , Stelio P.L. Luna","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale short form (UFEPS-SF) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) among untrained laypersons, cat owners, veterinary students and experienced veterinarians.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Blind and randomized.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Videos of 10 female cats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three self-declared female and three male raters were included per group of experienced veterinarians, students, cat owners and laypersons (<em>n</em> = 24). Participants assessed 40 videos of female cats that underwent ovariohysterectomy: preoperative, postoperative, post-rescue analgesia, and 24 hours postoperatively. A multilevel generalized linear model followed by Bonferroni <em>post hoc</em> test was used to evaluate differences in UFEPS-SF scores between groups. Interobserver agreement was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between pairs of observers within each group. Area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic curves, specificity (no pain) and sensitivity (pain) were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICC for UFEPS-SF was higher for veterinarians and students than for laypersons and cat owners, although all results were very good (≥0.81). Reliability of the VAS was very good for experienced observers only. Females assigned higher median scores than males only at 24 hours postoperatively. UFEPS-SF specificity [confidence interval (CI)] and sensitivity (CI) were 0.83–1 (0.7–1) and 0.98–1 (0.91–1), respectively, and diagnostic accuracy [AUC (CI)] was excellent across all groups [0.99–1 (0.97–1)], with no significant differences between groups. The predictive capacity (AUC) of the VAS followed the order: experienced > students > cat owners = laypersons. VAS AUC values were lower than those of UFEPS-SF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>The UFEPS-SF can be reliably used by untrained laypersons, cat owners and students with no experience to identify acute postoperative pain in cats. The reproducibility, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of the VAS were suboptimal and inferior to those of the UFEPS-SF, except among experienced observers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of cardiac output and Hypotension Prediction Index using HemoSphere Acumen IQ Monitoring System in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs 应用血球Acumen IQ监测系统评价七氟醚麻醉犬的心输出量和低血压预测指数。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.012

Vaidehi V. Paranjape , Tayla Regenbaum , Syon Link , Aliya Magee , Chin-Chi Liu , Jeannette Cremer

Objective

To evaluate agreement between cardiac output (CO) from intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution (iPATD-CO) and HemoSphere with Acumen IQ sensor (HSIQ-CO) in sevoflurane-anesthetized, normovolemic and hypovolemic dogs. Also, to analyze HSIQ-derived Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) trends, and investigate its relationship with invasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).

Study design

Blinded, nonrandomized, experimental observational study.

Animals

Eight mixed-breed female intact dogs.

Methods

Dogs were anesthetized on two occasions. In both anesthetic events, iPATD-CO and HSIQ-CO (via dorsal metatarsal artery) were measured 10 times every 10 minutes during normovolemia and 10 times every 10 minutes starting 20 minutes after a 15% blood loss (hypovolemia). Agreement between iPATD-CO and HSIQ-CO was assessed with Bland–Altman, four-quadrant and polar plot analyses. To evaluate MAP–HPI relationship, 100 standardized time points per dog per anesthetic event were uniformly sampled across the anesthetic period from instrumentation to recovery. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to compare HPI with short-term MAP changes (1–5 minutes) for predicting hypotension (MAP ≤ 65 mmHg > 1 minute) at 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Youden’s index provided optimal HPI thresholds for predicting hypotension.

Results

HSIQ-CO showed significant overestimation which increased further with hypovolemia. HSIQ-CO measurements had a high percentage error (73%), and poor trending compared with iPATD-CO. HPI strongly predicted hypotension (AUROC > 0.90), outperforming short-term MAP fluctuations (AUROC ≈ 0.50). Optimal HPI thresholds of 97–98 accurately predicted hypotension 15 minutes before onset.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

HSIQ proved unreliable for CO measurement; however, HPI accurately predicted hypotension up to 15 minutes, highlighting its potential clinical utility in veterinary anesthesia.

目的：评价七氟醚麻醉、等血容量和低血容量犬间歇肺动脉热稀释（ipad -CO）心输出量（CO）与Acumen IQ传感器血球（HSIQ-CO）的一致性。分析hsiq衍生的低血压预测指数（HPI）趋势，并探讨其与有创平均动脉血压（MAP）的关系。研究设计：盲法、非随机、实验性观察性研究。动物：8只完整的混血雌性犬。方法：对犬进行两次麻醉。在两种麻醉事件中，ipad - co和HSIQ-CO（经跖背动脉）在正常血容量期间每10分钟测量10次，在失血量15%（低血容量）后20分钟开始每10分钟测量10次。ipad - co和HSIQ-CO的一致性采用Bland-Altman、四象限和极坐标图分析进行评估。为了评估MAP-HPI的关系，在麻醉期间从器械到恢复期间，对每只狗每次麻醉事件的100个标准化时间点进行统一采样。采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUROC）比较HPI与短期MAP变化（1-5分钟），预测5、10和15分钟的低血压（MAP≤65 mmHg > 1分钟）。约登指数提供了预测低血压的最佳HPI阈值。结果：HSIQ-CO有明显的高估，低血容量时进一步升高。与ipad - co相比，HSIQ-CO测量具有较高的百分比误差（73%），并且趋势较差。HPI强烈预测低血压（AUROC≈0.90），优于短期MAP波动（AUROC≈0.50）。最佳HPI阈值97-98能准确预测发病前15分钟的低血压。结论及临床意义：HSIQ对CO测量不可靠；然而，HPI准确预测了长达15分钟的低血压，突出了它在兽医麻醉中的潜在临床应用。

{"title":"Evaluation of cardiac output and Hypotension Prediction Index using HemoSphere Acumen IQ Monitoring System in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs","authors":"Vaidehi V. Paranjape , Tayla Regenbaum , Syon Link , Aliya Magee , Chin-Chi Liu , Jeannette Cremer","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate agreement between cardiac output (CO) from intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution (iPATD-CO) and HemoSphere with Acumen IQ sensor (HSIQ-CO) in sevoflurane-anesthetized, normovolemic and hypovolemic dogs. Also, to analyze HSIQ-derived Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) trends, and investigate its relationship with invasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Blinded, nonrandomized, experimental observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Eight mixed-breed female intact dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dogs were anesthetized on two occasions. In both anesthetic events, iPATD-CO and HSIQ-CO (via dorsal metatarsal artery) were measured 10 times every 10 minutes during normovolemia and 10 times every 10 minutes starting 20 minutes after a 15% blood loss (hypovolemia). Agreement between iPATD-CO and HSIQ-CO was assessed with Bland–Altman, four-quadrant and polar plot analyses. To evaluate MAP–HPI relationship, 100 standardized time points per dog per anesthetic event were uniformly sampled across the anesthetic period from instrumentation to recovery. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to compare HPI with short-term MAP changes (1–5 minutes) for predicting hypotension (MAP ≤ 65 mmHg > 1 minute) at 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Youden’s index provided optimal HPI thresholds for predicting hypotension.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HSIQ-CO showed significant overestimation which increased further with hypovolemia. HSIQ-CO measurements had a high percentage error (73%), and poor trending compared with iPATD-CO. HPI strongly predicted hypotension (AUROC > 0.90), outperforming short-term MAP fluctuations (AUROC ≈ 0.50). Optimal HPI thresholds of 97–98 accurately predicted hypotension 15 minutes before onset.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>HSIQ proved unreliable for CO measurement; however, HPI accurately predicted hypotension up to 15 minutes, highlighting its potential clinical utility in veterinary anesthesia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective airway management strategy for tracheal resection in a dog with cervical tracheal stenosis 犬颈段气管狭窄气管切除术的有效气道管理策略。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.010

Maria Isabel Gomez-Martinez, Lauren Brown

A female Border Collie, aged 1 year and weighing 21.8 kg, was referred for surgical correction of a cervical tracheal stenosis located at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. The stenosis was thought to result from an intubation injury caused by endotracheal cuff inflation 1 month earlier during an ovariohysterectomy. Premedication consisted of intravenous dexmedetomidine (2 μg kg^–1) and methadone (0.2 mg kg^–1). Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol to effect and maintained with a variable-rate propofol infusion (0.1–0.3 mg kg^–1 minute^–1) and dexmedetomidine infusion (0.5 μg kg^–1 hour^–1). After initial intubation cranial to the stenosis with an 11 mm cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), volume-controlled ventilation was established. Intraoperative endoscopy confirmed the location and severity of the stenosis. Reintubation was attempted with progressively smaller sterile ETTs; a 5.5 mm ETT was successfully advanced through the stenosis using a sterile bougie and extended intraorally with an elbow connector. After surgical exposure of the trachea, two tracheal rings were resected and a second sterile 5.5 mm ETT was placed under sterile conditions into the caudal trachea to maintain ventilation across the surgical field. An arterial blood gas analysis performed at this stage was unremarkable. Two additional cranial tracheal rings were resected, and a retrograde bougie-guided reintubation was performed to place a final 8.0 mm ETT across the anastomosis. An intraoperative leak test confirmed the integrity of the repair, and final endoscopy demonstrated a patent airway with no residual stenosis or haemorrhage. The dog recovered uneventfully. This case illustrates a staged and flexible airway management strategy using progressively smaller sterile tubes, bougie guidance and intraoperative endoscopy to maintain effective ventilation during complex tracheal surgery in dogs.

一只1岁，体重21.8 kg的雌性边境牧羊犬，因其位于第六颈椎水平的颈气管狭窄而接受手术矫正。狭窄被认为是由于1个月前在卵巢子宫切除术中气管内袖带膨胀引起的插管损伤。用药前静脉滴注右美托咪定（2 μg kg-1）、美沙酮（0.2 mg kg-1）。麻醉由静脉异丙酚诱导起效，并以异丙酚（0.1 ~ 0.3 mg kg-1 min -1）和右美托咪定（0.5 μg kg-1 h -1）输注维持麻醉。用一根11mm袖口气管内管（ETT）在狭窄处初始插管后，建立容量控制通气。术中内窥镜检查证实狭窄的位置和严重程度。尝试用逐渐变小的无菌导管插管；5.5 mm ETT通过无菌导管成功通过狭窄，并用肘部连接器进行口内延伸。手术暴露气管后，切除两个气管环，在无菌条件下将第二个无菌5.5 mm ETT放入气管尾部，以维持手术野的通气。在这个阶段进行的动脉血气分析是不显著的。切除两个额外的颅气管环，并进行逆行导管引导下的再插管，在吻合处放置最终的8.0 mm ETT。术中泄漏试验证实了修复的完整性，最后的内窥镜检查显示气道通畅，无残留狭窄或出血。那条狗平静地康复了。本病例说明了在犬复杂气管手术中，分期和灵活的气道管理策略，使用越来越小的无菌管，大支架引导和术中内窥镜来保持有效的通气。

{"title":"Effective airway management strategy for tracheal resection in a dog with cervical tracheal stenosis","authors":"Maria Isabel Gomez-Martinez, Lauren Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A female Border Collie, aged 1 year and weighing 21.8 kg, was referred for surgical correction of a cervical tracheal stenosis located at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. The stenosis was thought to result from an intubation injury caused by endotracheal cuff inflation 1 month earlier during an ovariohysterectomy. Premedication consisted of intravenous dexmedetomidine (2 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>) and methadone (0.2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>). Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol to effect and maintained with a variable-rate propofol infusion (0.1–0.3 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> minute<sup>–1</sup>) and dexmedetomidine infusion (0.5 μg kg<sup>–1</sup> hour<sup>–1</sup>). After initial intubation cranial to the stenosis with an 11 mm cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), volume-controlled ventilation was established. Intraoperative endoscopy confirmed the location and severity of the stenosis. Reintubation was attempted with progressively smaller sterile ETTs; a 5.5 mm ETT was successfully advanced through the stenosis using a sterile bougie and extended intraorally with an elbow connector. After surgical exposure of the trachea, two tracheal rings were resected and a second sterile 5.5 mm ETT was placed under sterile conditions into the caudal trachea to maintain ventilation across the surgical field. An arterial blood gas analysis performed at this stage was unremarkable. Two additional cranial tracheal rings were resected, and a retrograde bougie-guided reintubation was performed to place a final 8.0 mm ETT across the anastomosis. An intraoperative leak test confirmed the integrity of the repair, and final endoscopy demonstrated a patent airway with no residual stenosis or haemorrhage. The dog recovered uneventfully. This case illustrates a staged and flexible airway management strategy using progressively smaller sterile tubes, bougie guidance and intraoperative endoscopy to maintain effective ventilation during complex tracheal surgery in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of a surgical drain for continuous postoperative trigeminal nerve block in a dog 犬三叉神经阻滞术后持续引流术的应用。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.011

Shengwei Qiao , Verónica Re Bravo

A male, neutered, mixed-breed dog, aged 12 years, was referred for a left mandibulectomy resulting from the recurrence of a squamous cell carcinoma in the vertical ramus of the left mandible. Preoperative pain management consisted of methadone 0.2 mg kg^–1 intravenously and an ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block with bupivacaine. Intraoperatively, a Jackson–Pratt drain connected to a continuous suction bulb was placed in the vicinity of the trigeminal nerve for postoperative bupivacaine delivery and exudate drainage. Bupivacaine 0.13% was delivered every 4 hours along with subcutaneous meloxicam (0.2 mg kg^–1, followed by 0.1 mg kg^–1 every 24 hours). No opioid rescue analgesia was needed postoperatively based on the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. The dog began eating voluntarily 4 hours after surgery without signs of pain or discomfort. The drain was removed after 24 hours and the dog was discharged 24 hours postoperatively with oral meloxicam.

一只12岁的雄性绝育混血狗，因左侧下颌骨垂直分支鳞状细胞癌复发而接受左侧下颌骨切除术。术前疼痛处理包括美沙酮0.2 mg kg-1静脉注射和超声引导下布比卡因三叉神经阻滞。术中，将Jackson-Pratt引流管连接连续吸引球放置在三叉神经附近，用于术后布比卡因输送和分泌物引流。布比卡因0.13%每4小时给药，同时皮下注射美洛昔康（0.2 mg kg-1，随后每24小时给药0.1 mg kg-1）。根据格拉斯哥综合疼痛量表，术后不需要阿片类药物镇痛。手术后4小时，这只狗开始主动进食，没有任何疼痛或不适的迹象。24小时后取出引流管，术后24小时犬口服美洛昔康出院。

引用次数: 0

Perioperative acute kidney injury in dogs undergoing elective desexing surgery 择期绝育手术犬围手术期急性肾损伤。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.005

Christopher T. Quinn, Randi Rotne, Emily Dockray, Andrew Neil Walton

Objective

To report the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs after elective desexing surgery.

Study design

Prospective observational clinical study.

Animals

A group of 165 (71 male and 94 female) dogs admitted for castration or ovariohysterectomy.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were normal physical examination findings and no history of cardiovascular or renal disease. Serum creatinine (sCr) was measured before anaesthesia, and 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. AKI was defined by an increase (> 26 μmol L^–1) in sCr from preoperative to 24 or 48 hours postoperatively. Changes in mean sCr pre-to post-anaesthesia were compared using paired t-tests. Differences in variables were compared between dogs with and without AKI with Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and continuous data using t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the significance of potential risk factors identified by univariable comparisons between AKI and non-AKI cases.

Results

Mean ± standard deviation age and body weight were 2.1 ± 1.7 years and 20.3 ± 10 kg, respectively. Mean change in pre-sCr to 24 and 48 hours was –6.9 ± 32.8 and –0.2 ± 22.8 μmol L^–1, respectively (p > 0.05). sCr increased > 26 μmol L^–1 in eight dogs at 24 hours and in an additional four dogs at 48 hours. Twelve dogs (7.3%) were classified with AKI: one grade 2 AKI (sCr 175 μmol L^–1) and 11 as grade 1 (sCr increase > 26 μmol L^–1 but within reference range). In addition, four of these dogs had oliguria in the first 24 hours postoperatively. Hypotension occurred frequently (67.9%) and along with female sex was significantly associated with AKI.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Perioperative AKI may be a common complication of elective desexing surgery in dogs. Potential risk factors include hypotension and female sex.

目的：报道犬择期绝育术后急性肾损伤（AKI）的发生率。研究设计：前瞻性观察性临床研究。动物：165只（71只公犬，94只母犬）接受阉割或卵巢子宫切除术。方法：纳入标准为体格检查正常，无心血管或肾脏疾病史。麻醉前及术后24、48小时测定血清肌酐（sCr）。AKI的定义是sCr从术前到术后24或48小时增加（> 26 μmol L-1）。使用配对t检验比较麻醉前和麻醉后平均sCr的变化。对有AKI和没有AKI的狗的变量差异进行比较，分类数据采用Fisher精确检验，连续数据采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。采用多变量logistic回归评估AKI和非AKI病例之间通过单变量比较确定的潜在危险因素的重要性。结果：平均±标准差年龄为2.1±1.7岁，体重为20.3±10 kg。24h和48h前scr的平均变化分别为-6.9±32.8和-0.2±22.8 μmol L-1 （p < 0.05）。8只狗24小时sCr升高26 μmol L-1，另外4只狗48小时sCr升高26 μmol L-1。12只（7.3%）犬被分类为AKI: 1只为2级AKI (sCr 175 μmol L-1)， 11只为1级AKI （sCr升高26 μmol L-1，但在参考范围内）。此外，其中4只狗在术后24小时内出现少尿。低血压频繁发生（67.9%），且女性与AKI显著相关。结论及临床意义：围手术期AKI可能是犬选择性绝育手术的常见并发症。潜在的危险因素包括低血压和女性。

{"title":"Perioperative acute kidney injury in dogs undergoing elective desexing surgery","authors":"Christopher T. Quinn, Randi Rotne, Emily Dockray, Andrew Neil Walton","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To report the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs after elective desexing surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective observational clinical study.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>A group of 165 (71 male and 94 female) dogs admitted for castration or ovariohysterectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Inclusion criteria were normal physical examination findings and no history of cardiovascular or renal disease. Serum creatinine (sCr) was measured before anaesthesia, and 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. AKI was defined by an increase (> 26 μmol L<sup>–1</sup>) in sCr from preoperative to 24 or 48 hours postoperatively. Changes in mean sCr pre-to post-anaesthesia were compared using paired <em>t</em>-tests. Differences in variables were compared between dogs with and without AKI with Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and continuous data using <em>t</em>-test or Mann–Whitney <em>U</em> test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the significance of potential risk factors identified by univariable comparisons between AKI and non-AKI cases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean ± standard deviation age and body weight were 2.1 ± 1.7 years and 20.3 ± 10 kg, respectively. Mean change in pre-sCr to 24 and 48 hours was –6.9 ± 32.8 and –0.2 ± 22.8 μmol L<sup>–1</sup>, respectively (<em>p</em> > 0.05). sCr increased > 26 μmol L<sup>–1</sup> in eight dogs at 24 hours and in an additional four dogs at 48 hours. Twelve dogs (7.3%) were classified with AKI: one grade 2 AKI (sCr 175 μmol L<sup>–1</sup>) and 11 as grade 1 (sCr increase > 26 μmol L<sup>–1</sup> but within reference range). In addition, four of these dogs had oliguria in the first 24 hours postoperatively. Hypotension occurred frequently (67.9%) and along with female sex was significantly associated with AKI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>Perioperative AKI may be a common complication of elective desexing surgery in dogs. Potential risk factors include hypotension and female sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-guided cervical plexus associated block in dogs: A preliminary cadaveric study 超声引导下犬颈丛相关阻滞：初步尸体研究。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.001

Elisa Silvia D’Urso , Chiara De Gennaro , Giuliano Ravasio

Objectives

To describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the neck region in dogs and to determine the feasibility of an injection targeted to the cervical plexus.

Study design

Prospective cadaveric study.

Animals

A group of six mixed-breed mesocephalic dog cadavers.

Methods

Cadavers were assigned to a size category according to body weight (small, ≤10 kg; medium, 10.1–24 kg; large, > 24.1 kg) and placed in lateral recumbency. A linear probe was placed over the wing of the atlas perpendicular to the spine and slid caudally to identify the transverse process of the fourth cervical vertebra. A 22 gauge, 70 mm spinal needle was introduced in-plane and advanced in a dorso-ventral direction, reaching the cervical fascia (CF). According to the size category, 2.5 mL, 5 mL or 10 mL of 0.15% methylene blue was injected within the CF and between the intertransversarius ventralis and longus colli muscles. Each cadaver was injected bilaterally. Staining of the second (C2), third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical ventral branches was assessed by anatomical dissection.

Results

Each size category included two cadavers: 8 kg and 10 kg in the small category; 15 kg and 19 kg in the medium category; and 26 kg and 37 kg in the large category. Nerve staining resulted only from injection within the CF. In all cadavers, 100% of the ventral rami of the second (12/12), third (12/12) and fourth (12/12) cervical nerves were stained circumferentially for > 2 cm. In the smallest cadaver, the dye reached the atlas cranially.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The described injection within the CF stained the cervical plexus and appears a feasible locoregional technique in dogs.

目的：描述犬颈部的超声解剖，并确定针对颈丛注射的可行性。研究设计：前瞻性尸体研究。动物：一组6只杂交中脑狗的尸体。方法：将尸体按体重分为大小类别（小者≤10kg，中者10.1 ~ 24kg，大者bb0 ~ 24.1 kg），侧卧放置。将线性探针置于与脊柱垂直的寰椎翼上，并向尾端滑动，以确定第四颈椎的横突。一根22号，70毫米的脊髓针在平面内插入，并在背腹方向推进，到达颈筋膜（CF）。根据大小类别，分别在CF内、腹横肌间肌和collus longus肌间注射2.5 mL、5 mL或10 mL 0.15%亚甲基蓝。每具尸体都是双侧注射。通过解剖解剖评估第二（C2）、第三（C3）和第四（C4）颈腹支的染色情况。结果：每个大小类别包括2具尸体，小类别为8 kg和10 kg；中型15公斤和19公斤；大型组是26公斤级和37公斤级。在所有尸体中，100%的第二（12/12）、第三（12/12）和第四（12/12）颈神经的腹侧支被周向染色，长度为bbbb2 cm。在最小的尸体中，染料到达了寰椎颅骨。结论和临床意义：所描述的CF内注射染色颈丛，在犬中似乎是一种可行的局部技术。

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided cervical plexus associated block in dogs: A preliminary cadaveric study","authors":"Elisa Silvia D’Urso , Chiara De Gennaro , Giuliano Ravasio","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the neck region in dogs and to determine the feasibility of an injection targeted to the cervical plexus.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective cadaveric study.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>A group of six mixed-breed mesocephalic dog cadavers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cadavers were assigned to a size category according to body weight (small, ≤10 kg; medium, 10.1–24 kg; large, > 24.1 kg) and placed in lateral recumbency. A linear probe was placed over the wing of the atlas perpendicular to the spine and slid caudally to identify the transverse process of the fourth cervical vertebra. A 22 gauge, 70 mm spinal needle was introduced <em>in-plane</em> and advanced in a dorso-ventral direction, reaching the cervical fascia (CF). According to the size category, 2.5 mL, 5 mL or 10 mL of 0.15% methylene blue was injected within the CF and between the intertransversarius ventralis and longus colli muscles. Each cadaver was injected bilaterally. Staining of the second (C2), third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical ventral branches was assessed by anatomical dissection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Each size category included two cadavers: 8 kg and 10 kg in the small category; 15 kg and 19 kg in the medium category; and 26 kg and 37 kg in the large category. Nerve staining resulted only from injection within the CF. In all cadavers, 100% of the ventral rami of the second (12/12), third (12/12) and fourth (12/12) cervical nerves were stained circumferentially for > 2 cm. In the smallest cadaver, the dye reached the atlas cranially.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>The described injection within the CF stained the cervical plexus and appears a feasible locoregional technique in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidural injection of combined steroid and local anaesthetic for lumbosacral stenosis pain in a cat 硬膜外注射类固醇联合局部麻醉治疗猫腰骶管狭窄性疼痛。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.09.005

Francesco Aprea, Miguel Omaña

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic accuracy of pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation and plethysmography variability index for prediction of fluid responsiveness in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis 麻醉和机械通气犬的脉压变化、脑卒中容积变化和容积描记变异性指数预测液体反应的诊断准确性：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.006

Pablo A. Donati , Lisa Tarragona , Ignacio Sandez Cordero , Juan V.A. Franco , Camila Escobar Liquitay , Diego A. Portela , Joaquín Araos , Francesco Staffieri , Pablo E. Otero

Objective

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of pulse pressure variation (PPV), plethysmographic variability index (PVI) and stroke volume variation (SVV) for predicting fluid responsiveness in dogs.

Study design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.

Animals

Anesthetized dogs undergoing surgery, in critical care, or in experimental settings.

Methods

The study protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4DBGP). Databases (Medline, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched from inception to 14 April 2025. Study quality was assessed using standardized criteria. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. Likelihood ratios (LR), diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves were generated. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Risk of bias was high in all studies of PPV, PVI and SVV. In four clinical PPV studies, sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.65–0.97), specificity 0.97 (95% CI: 0.83–0.99), LR+ 30.99 (95% CI: 5.25–182.85), LR− 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02–0.40) and DOR 263 (95% CI: 26–1890). In five experimental PPV studies, sensitivity was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64–0.87), specificity 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70–0.91), LR+ 4.63 (95% CI: 2.41–8.88), LR− 0.27 (95% CI: 0.16–0.46) and DOR 17 (95% CI: 6–48). For PVI (five studies), sensitivity was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.89), specificity 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78–0.90) and DOR 29 (95% CI: 13–64). For SVV (10 studies), sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69–0.84), specificity 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68–0.89) and DOR 14 (95% CI: 6–32). The sROC curve for clinical PPV showed wide prediction and CI.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

PPV, PVI and SVV show moderate to high diagnostic accuracy for predicting fluid responsiveness in dogs, with clinical PPV performing best. However, findings are limited by low precision and high risk of bias.

目的：评价脉搏压变化（PPV）、容积变异性指数（PVI）和脑卒中容积变化（SVV）对犬体液反应性的诊断准确性。研究设计：诊断测试准确性研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。动物：接受手术、重症监护或实验环境中麻醉的狗。方法：研究方案已在开放科学框架（https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4DBGP）注册。检索数据库（Medline, Embase， LILACS， Web of Science和Scopus），检索时间从成立到2025年4月14日。采用标准化标准评估研究质量。使用双变量随机效应模型计算合并敏感性和特异性。生成似然比（LR）、诊断优势比（DOR）和总受试者工作特征（sROC）曲线。计算置信区间（ci）。结果：所有关于PPV、PVI和SVV的研究均存在较高的偏倚风险。在四项临床PPV研究中，敏感性为0.88 (95% CI: 0.65-0.97)，特异性为0.97 (95% CI: 0.83-0.99), LR+ 30.99 (95% CI: 5.25-182.85), LR- 0.11 （95% CI: 0.02-0.40）和DOR 263 （95% CI: 26-1890）。在五项实验性PPV研究中，敏感性为0.78 (95% CI: 0.64-0.87)，特异性为0.83 (95% CI: 0.70-0.91), LR+ 4.63 (95% CI: 2.41-8.88), LR- 0.27 （95% CI: 0.16-0.46）和DOR 17 （95% CI: 6-48）。对于PVI（5项研究），敏感性为0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.89)，特异性为0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.90)， DOR为29 （95% CI: 13-64）。对于SVV（10项研究），敏感性为0.77 (95% CI: 0.69-0.84)，特异性为0.81 (95% CI: 0.68-0.89)， DOR为14 （95% CI: 6-32）。临床PPV的sROC曲线具有较宽的预测和CI。结论和临床相关性：PPV、PVI和SVV在预测犬的液体反应性方面具有中高的诊断准确性，其中临床PPV表现最好。然而，研究结果受到精度低和偏倚风险高的限制。

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation and plethysmography variability index for prediction of fluid responsiveness in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Pablo A. Donati , Lisa Tarragona , Ignacio Sandez Cordero , Juan V.A. Franco , Camila Escobar Liquitay , Diego A. Portela , Joaquín Araos , Francesco Staffieri , Pablo E. Otero","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of pulse pressure variation (PPV), plethysmographic variability index (PVI) and stroke volume variation (SVV) for predicting fluid responsiveness in dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Anesthetized dogs undergoing surgery, in critical care, or in experimental settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4DBGP</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). Databases (Medline, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched from inception to 14 April 2025. Study quality was assessed using standardized criteria. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. Likelihood ratios (LR), diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves were generated. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Risk of bias was high in all studies of PPV, PVI and SVV. In four clinical PPV studies, sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.65–0.97), specificity 0.97 (95% CI: 0.83–0.99), LR+ 30.99 (95% CI: 5.25–182.85), LR− 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02–0.40) and DOR 263 (95% CI: 26–1890). In five experimental PPV studies, sensitivity was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64–0.87), specificity 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70–0.91), LR+ 4.63 (95% CI: 2.41–8.88), LR− 0.27 (95% CI: 0.16–0.46) and DOR 17 (95% CI: 6–48). For PVI (five studies), sensitivity was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.89), specificity 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78–0.90) and DOR 29 (95% CI: 13–64). For SVV (10 studies), sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69–0.84), specificity 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68–0.89) and DOR 14 (95% CI: 6–32). The sROC curve for clinical PPV showed wide prediction and CI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>PPV, PVI and SVV show moderate to high diagnostic accuracy for predicting fluid responsiveness in dogs, with clinical PPV performing best. However, findings are limited by low precision and high risk of bias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intra- and post-operative analgesic efficacy of a quadratus lumborum block in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy: a randomized clinical trial 选择性卵巢子宫切除术犬腰方肌阻滞术的术中及术后镇痛效果：一项随机临床试验。

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.008

Iliana Tzortzi, Konstantinos Varkoulis, Vasileios Zapridis, Georgios Kazakos, Michael Patsikas, Charalampos Ververidis, Ioannis Savvas, Tilemachos Anagnostou

Objective

To evaluate the effect of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) on intra- and postoperative requirements for rescue analgesia (fentanyl) and on postoperative pain in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Study design

Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Animals

A group of 24 client-owned, healthy bitches scheduled for elective ovariohysterectomy.

Methods

Dogs were assigned to receive either a QLB with 0.5 mL kg⁻¹ per side bupivacaine 0.25% (BUP group) or an equivalent volume of NaCl 0.9% (SAL group). All dogs were anaesthetized using the same anaesthetic protocol. Intravenous fentanyl was intraoperatively administered whenever heart rate and/or respiratory rate and/or mean arterial blood pressure increased ≥ 20% from baseline following surgical stimulation. Postoperatively, pain was assessed blindly with the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (GCMPS-SF) and with measurement of para-incisional mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) at 20 minutes (t1), 1 (t2), 2 (t3), 4 (t4), 9 (t5) and 20 (t6) hours after extubation. Postoperative fentanyl/morphine were administered if the GCMPS-SF score exceeded 6/24; subsequent pain assessments were not performed. Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U and general linear model for repeated measurements were used for statistical analysis; p < 0.05.

Results

Intraoperatively, four of 12 dogs and nine of 12 dogs received fentanyl in the BUP and SAL groups, respectively (p = 0.1). Total fentanyl consumption intraoperatively, was 1.5 μg kg⁻¹ versus 4.5 μg kg⁻¹ in the BUP and SAL groups, respectively (p = 0.005). Postoperatively, one of 12 dogs in the BUP group received fentanyl compared with eight of 12 in the SAL group (p = 0.009). Significant differences (p < 0.005) were also observed in the GCMPS-SF scores and MNTs at all time points, with the BUP group having overall lower GCMPS-SF scores and higher MNTs.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In this study, a QLB with bupivacaine, was an effective analgesic technique in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy, reducing opioid requirements and postoperative pain intensity.

目的：评价腰方肌阻滞（QLB）对选择性卵巢子宫切除术犬抢救镇痛（芬太尼）的术中、术后需求及术后疼痛的影响。研究设计：随机、盲法、安慰剂对照临床试验。动物：一组24只客户拥有的健康母狗，计划进行选择性卵巢子宫切除术。方法：狗被分配接受每侧0.5 mL kg-1布比卡因0.25% （BUP组）或同等体积NaCl 0.9% （SAL组）的QLB。所有的狗都使用相同的麻醉方案进行麻醉。当手术刺激后心率和/或呼吸频率和/或平均动脉血压较基线升高≥20%时，术中静脉注射芬太尼。术后，采用格拉斯哥复合疼痛量表（GCMPS-SF）简表盲目评估疼痛，并在拔管后20分钟（t1）、1 （t2）、2 （t3）、4 （t4）、9 （t5）和20 （t6）小时测量切口旁机械伤害感受阈值（MNTs）。术后GCMPS-SF评分超过6/24者给予芬太尼/吗啡；随后没有进行疼痛评估。统计学分析采用卡方检验、Mann-Whitney U和一般线性模型进行重复测量；P < 0.05。结果：术中BUP组4只狗使用芬太尼，SAL组9只狗使用芬太尼（p = 0.1）。BUP组和SAL组术中芬太尼总消耗量分别为1.5 μg kg-1和4.5 μg kg-1 （p = 0.005）。术后，BUP组12只狗中有1只接受芬太尼治疗，而SAL组12只狗中有8只接受芬太尼治疗（p = 0.009）。GCMPS-SF评分和mnt在所有时间点也观察到显著差异（p < 0.005）， BUP组总体GCMPS-SF评分较低，mnt较高。结论及临床意义：在本研究中，布比卡因QLB是选择性卵巢子宫切除术犬的有效镇痛技术，可减少阿片类药物需求和术后疼痛强度。

{"title":"Intra- and post-operative analgesic efficacy of a quadratus lumborum block in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy: a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Iliana Tzortzi, Konstantinos Varkoulis, Vasileios Zapridis, Georgios Kazakos, Michael Patsikas, Charalampos Ververidis, Ioannis Savvas, Tilemachos Anagnostou","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) on intra- and postoperative requirements for rescue analgesia (fentanyl) and on postoperative pain in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>A group of 24 client-owned, healthy bitches scheduled for elective ovariohysterectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dogs were assigned to receive either a QLB with 0.5 mL kg<sup>−1</sup> per side bupivacaine 0.25% (BUP group) or an equivalent volume of NaCl 0.9% (SAL group). All dogs were anaesthetized using the same anaesthetic protocol. Intravenous fentanyl was intraoperatively administered whenever heart rate and/or respiratory rate and/or mean arterial blood pressure increased ≥ 20% from baseline following surgical stimulation. Postoperatively, pain was assessed blindly with the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (GCMPS-SF) and with measurement of para-incisional mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) at 20 minutes (t1), 1 (t2), 2 (t3), 4 (t4), 9 (t5) and 20 (t6) hours after extubation. Postoperative fentanyl/morphine were administered if the GCMPS-SF score exceeded 6/24; subsequent pain assessments were not performed. Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney <em>U</em> and general linear model for repeated measurements were used for statistical analysis; <em>p</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intraoperatively, four of 12 dogs and nine of 12 dogs received fentanyl in the BUP and SAL groups, respectively (<em>p</em> = 0.1). Total fentanyl consumption intraoperatively, was 1.5 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> <em>versus</em> 4.5 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> in the BUP and SAL groups, respectively (<em>p</em> = 0.005). Postoperatively, one of 12 dogs in the BUP group received fentanyl compared with eight of 12 in the SAL group (<em>p =</em> 0.009). Significant differences (<em>p <</em> 0.005) were also observed in the GCMPS-SF scores and MNTs at all time points, with the BUP group having overall lower GCMPS-SF scores and higher MNTs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>In this study, a QLB with bupivacaine, was an effective analgesic technique in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy, reducing opioid requirements and postoperative pain intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for the use of total intravenous anaesthesia versus inhalant anaesthetics in dogs: a systematic review 在犬中使用全静脉麻醉与吸入麻醉的证据：一项系统综述

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101173

Johanna Kaartinen , Aoife Hynes , Rachel C. Bennett

Objective

To evaluate the evidence of the pharmacodynamic benefits of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) compared with inhalant anaesthesia in dogs.

Databases used

PubMed, Embase, CABI and ScienceDirect databases were searched from 1 January 1990 to 30 August 2025. Search criteria: TIVA AND DOG AND INHALANT; ANAESTHESIA AND PROPOFOL OR ALFAXALONE AND TIVA AND DOG; PROPOFOL AND ISOFLURANE OR SEVOFLURANE AND DOG. Published research papers comparing TIVA and inhalant anaesthesia in dogs were evaluated. Studies were assessed for their level of evidence (LoE) based on categorization as clinical studies or experimental and the risk of bias (RoB). RoB was assigned by two independent assessors using five domains: selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, reporting bias and other sources of bias. Assessments were then categorized as low, moderate or high RoB.

Results

This review identified 24 studies comparing TIVA with inhalant anaesthesia for maintenance of anaesthesia in dogs. All studies were categorized as LoE II–III. Of the 24 studies, 18 studies used isoflurane as the inhalant anaesthetic, whereas five studies used sevoflurane and one study used both. Propofol TIVA was used in 20 studies, whereas two studies used alfaxalone TIVA, and both were investigated in two studies. Cardiovascular outcomes were assessed in nine studies, whereas four studies focused on pulmonary outcomes. Neurological outcome, neuromuscular blockade, postoperative analgesia, immunological effects, urethral closing pressures and ease of duodenal endoscopy were also assessed. Of the 24 studies, three also included recovery quality characteristics. In all the evaluated studies, elements of bias were identified; five studies were assigned an overall moderate risk, 19 studies with an overall high RoB and none were low RoB.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

There is currently limited evidence supporting the use of TIVA in preference to inhalant anaesthesia in dogs.

目的评价全静脉麻醉（TIVA）与吸入麻醉对犬的药效学益处。从1990年1月1日至2025年8月30日，检索了pubmed、Embase、CABI和ScienceDirect数据库。搜索条件：TIVA和狗和吸入剂；麻醉和异丙酚或阿法昔龙和tiva和狗；异丙酚和异氟醚或者七氟醚和狗。对已发表的比较TIVA和吸入麻醉对犬的影响的研究论文进行评价。根据临床研究或实验研究的分类和偏倚风险（RoB）对研究的证据水平（LoE）进行评估。RoB是由两个独立的评估者使用五个领域分配的：选择偏差、表现偏差、流失偏差、报告偏差和其他偏差来源。然后将评估分为低、中、高RoB。结果本综述确定了24项比较TIVA与吸入麻醉对犬麻醉维持的研究。所有的研究被归类为ⅱ-ⅲ。在24项研究中，18项研究使用异氟醚作为吸入麻醉剂，而5项研究使用七氟醚，一项研究两者都使用。在20项研究中使用了异丙酚TIVA，而在2项研究中使用了alfaxone TIVA，并且在2项研究中都进行了调查。9项研究评估了心血管结局，而4项研究侧重于肺结局。评估神经预后、神经肌肉阻滞、术后镇痛、免疫效果、尿道闭合压力和十二指肠内镜检查的易用性。在这24项研究中，有3项还包括了恢复质量特征。在所有被评估的研究中，发现了偏倚因素；5项研究被划分为总体中度风险，19项研究的总体罗布高，没有一项研究的总体罗布低。结论和临床相关性目前支持在犬中使用TIVA优于吸入麻醉的证据有限。

{"title":"Evidence for the use of total intravenous anaesthesia versus inhalant anaesthetics in dogs: a systematic review","authors":"Johanna Kaartinen , Aoife Hynes , Rachel C. Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.101173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the evidence of the pharmacodynamic benefits of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) compared with inhalant anaesthesia in dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Databases used</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, CABI and ScienceDirect databases were searched from 1 January 1990 to 30 August 2025. Search criteria: TIVA AND DOG AND INHALANT; ANAESTHESIA AND PROPOFOL OR ALFAXALONE AND TIVA AND DOG; PROPOFOL AND ISOFLURANE OR SEVOFLURANE AND DOG. Published research papers comparing TIVA and inhalant anaesthesia in dogs were evaluated. Studies were assessed for their level of evidence (LoE) based on categorization as clinical studies or experimental and the risk of bias (RoB). RoB was assigned by two independent assessors using five domains: selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, reporting bias and other sources of bias. Assessments were then categorized as low, moderate or high RoB.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This review identified 24 studies comparing TIVA with inhalant anaesthesia for maintenance of anaesthesia in dogs. All studies were categorized as LoE II–III. Of the 24 studies, 18 studies used isoflurane as the inhalant anaesthetic, whereas five studies used sevoflurane and one study used both. Propofol TIVA was used in 20 studies, whereas two studies used alfaxalone TIVA, and both were investigated in two studies. Cardiovascular outcomes were assessed in nine studies, whereas four studies focused on pulmonary outcomes. Neurological outcome, neuromuscular blockade, postoperative analgesia, immunological effects, urethral closing pressures and ease of duodenal endoscopy were also assessed. Of the 24 studies, three also included recovery quality characteristics. In all the evaluated studies, elements of bias were identified; five studies were assigned an overall moderate risk, 19 studies with an overall high RoB and none were low RoB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>There is currently limited evidence supporting the use of TIVA in preference to inhalant anaesthesia in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"53 2","pages":"Article 101173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0