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THE LISTENING COMPREHENSION DIFFICULTIES OF THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, MULAWARMAN UNIVERSITY mulawarman大学英语系学生的听力理解困难
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.921
V. J. Kalukar, Pradita Dinda Agtaviarini, Dian Anggriyani
The purposes of this study were to know the difficulties faced by the fourth semester students in Advanced Listening Comprehension Course at English Department, and to know strategies used by the fourth semester students in overcoming the difficulties in Advanced Listening Comprehension Course at English Department. The design of this study was descriptive with qualitative approach. The population was the fourth semester students at English Department in Mulawarman University that consisted of 63 active students of fourth semester students at English Department in Mulawarman University. Data was gathered by questionnaire and interview. The findings of this study showed that, the students had difficulties in listening comprehension and strategies to overcome it. It was based on three factors influencing their listening: listening materials, listener factors, and physical settings. In addition, the major problems encountered by students of English Department were: accents, pronunciation, speed of speech, insufficient vocabulary, different accent of the speakers, lack of concentration, and bad quality of recording. Furthermore, the strategies that the students implemented was using media as the learning tool. It can be concluded from this study that there were ten problems in students’ self learning that were found in analyzing students’ difficulties, they were : lack of vocabulary, poor grammar mastery, accent, pronunciation, lack of concentration, speed of speech, anxiety, noisy, inability to apply listening strategy, bad quality of recording.
本研究的目的是了解第四学期的学生在学习英语系高级听力时所面临的困难,以及了解第四学期的学生在学习英语高级听力时所采取的克服困难的策略。本研究的设计采用定性描述法。人口为Mulawarman大学英语系第四学期的学生,由63名活跃的Mulawarman大学英语系第四学期的学生组成。通过问卷调查和访谈收集数据。本研究的结果表明,学生在听力理解上存在困难,并提出了克服困难的策略。它基于三个影响听力的因素:听力材料、听众因素和物理环境。此外,英语系的学生遇到的主要问题是:口音、发音、语速、词汇量不足、说话人的口音不同、注意力不集中、录音质量差。此外,学生实施的策略是使用媒体作为学习工具。本研究通过对学生自主学习困难的分析,发现学生在自主学习中存在十个问题,分别是:词汇量不足、语法掌握差、口音、发音、注意力不集中、语速慢、焦虑、嘈杂、不能运用听力策略、录音质量差。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of the Calculation of Cost of Production in the Semoga Laris Tofu Business , the Chinese Tofu Business Mrs. Feby and the Sumedang Tofu Business Semoga Laris豆腐、中国豆腐、Sumedang豆腐的生产成本计算分析
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.874
Rezky Oktasari Sesti, Nasib Subagio, C. Piar
This study aims to determine the differences in the calculation of the cost of production carried out by the  Semoga Laris Tofu Business, Ibu Feby's Chinese Tofu Business and the Sumedang Tofu Business using the calculation of the cost of production method to produce one type of goods. This study uses quantitative descriptive analysis techniques while the data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the Calculation of Cost of Production Analysis to produce one type of goods. Based on the results of the general analysis, the calculation results of the cost of production at the Tofu Business are selling out Rp. 8,587, the calculation of the cost of production at the Chinese Tofu Business, Mrs. Feby, is Rp. 18,149 and the calculation of the cost of production at the Sumedang Tofu Business is Rp. 10,950, where the selling price of the Tofu Business is Good. The selling price is Rp. 10,000/kg, the selling price of Ibu Feby's Chinese Tofu Business is Rp. 20,000/Kg and the selling price of Sumedang Tofu Business is Rp. 24,000/kg. The results showed that the calculation of the cost of production produced one type of goods when compared to the cost of goods manufactured used by the Semoga Laris Tofu Business, Ibu Feby's Chinese Tofu Business and the Sumedang Tofu Business gave different results, which was greater using the cost of production method producing one types of goods. This is because the calculations carried out by the Semoga Laris Tofu Business, the Chinese Tofu Business Mrs. Feby and the Sumedang Tofu Business have not been right in charging factory overhead costs.
本研究旨在确定Semoga Laris豆腐业务,Ibu Feby的中国豆腐业务和Sumedang豆腐业务在生产一种商品时使用生产成本计算方法进行生产成本计算的差异。本研究采用定量描述性分析技术,数据收集技术采用访谈、观察和文献。使用的数据分析技术是生产成本分析的计算,以生产一种产品。根据一般分析的结果,豆腐业务的生产成本计算结果为卖出8,587卢比,中国豆腐业务的生产成本计算结果为18,149卢比,Sumedang豆腐业务的生产成本计算结果为10,950卢比,其中豆腐业务的销售价格为好。销售价格为Rp. 10,000/kg, Ibu Feby的中国豆腐业务销售价格为Rp. 20,000/ kg, Sumedang豆腐业务销售价格为Rp. 24,000/kg。结果表明,与Semoga Laris豆腐企业、Ibu Feby的中国豆腐企业和Sumedang豆腐企业使用的生产成本相比,生产一种产品的生产成本计算结果不同,使用生产成本法生产一种产品的结果更大。这是因为,“Semoga Laris豆腐事业”、“中国豆腐事业”“Mrs. Feby”和“Sumedang豆腐事业”在收取工厂间接费用方面的计算不正确。
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引用次数: 0
Google Classroom Effectiveness Helping Educandy As Learning Media 谷歌课堂有效性帮助Educandy作为学习媒体
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.862
Endang Astuti, Sri Lestari, Farah Erika
The current pandemic condition, namely the Covid-19 virus, has resulted in various schools having to implement online learning, therefore one of the efforts to help the online learning process to be more fun and not boring is to use learning media in the learning process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Google Classroom assisted by Educandy as a learning medium for students' chemistry learning outcomes. The population and sample in this study were all students of class X MIPA as many as 89 students, the sample was determined using a saturated sampling technique. This research method is descriptive quantitative research design with One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Data was collected by means of learning outcomes tests as the main data, student response questionnaires and observation as support data. The data analysis technique used is the n-gain test and the effect size test. The results of the calculations in this study are the average data for the analysis of N-Gain for learning outcomes is 0.625, which means that it is included in the moderate level of effectiveness. And based on the results of the Effect Size test, it obtained a value of 1,077 which means that the learning media used is included in the category of strong effect. The results showed that the use of Google Classroom assisted by Educandy was effective as a learning medium at SMA Negeri 1 Kembang Janggut.
当前的大流行情况,即Covid-19病毒,导致各学校不得不实施在线学习,因此,在学习过程中使用学习媒体是帮助在线学习过程更有趣而不无聊的努力之一。本研究旨在确定由Educandy辅助的Google课堂作为学习媒介对学生化学学习成果的有效性。本研究的总体和样本均为MIPA X班的89名学生,样本采用饱和抽样技术确定。本研究方法为描述性定量研究设计,采用一组前测后测设计。以学习成果测验为主要资料,学生回答问卷和观察为辅助资料。使用的数据分析技术是n增益检验和效应大小检验。本研究的计算结果是,学习成果的N-Gain分析的平均数据为0.625,这意味着它被纳入中等水平的有效性。并且根据Effect Size检验的结果,它的值为1077,这意味着所使用的学习媒体属于强效果的范畴。结果表明,在SMA Negeri 1 Kembang Janggut,使用Educandy辅助的Google Classroom作为学习媒介是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of Teaching English Grammar through Distance Learning at SMAN 1 Samarinda 萨玛林达中学英语语法远程教学现状调查
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.858
Agitha Martha Laura, Weningtyas P. Iswari, M. Ping
The purposes of this study were to know how the teacher teaches English grammar through distance learning and investigate the problems during implementation of teaching English grammar through distance learning. The design of this study was qualitative research design which was characterized by a case study. The participant was selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed by using the interactive analysis model. The researcher used the triangulation by data source, triangulation by method, and triangulation by theory to check the validity and reliability of this study. The findings revealed that the English teacher applied teaching grammar in context, inductive and deductive approach and integrated grammar with language skills. In addition, the English teacher used flipped-classroom model a form of blended learning that combines synchronous and asynchronous online learning with WhatsApp, Google Meet, and Google Classroom as the teaching platforms. In its implementation, the English teacher faced some problems in the process of teaching English grammar through distance learning. Those problems were student discipline, limited time, teacher’s extra workload, distance between teacher and students, classroom management and technical problem. In conclusion, teaching English Grammar through distance learning can be conducted and maximized by having well preparation on learning activities, well communication and collaboration between the teacher and students in teaching ang learning process to achieve the learning objectives.
本研究的目的是了解教师如何通过远程学习进行英语语法教学,并调查远程学习英语语法教学实施过程中存在的问题。本研究的设计为定性研究设计,以个案研究为特点。参与者是通过有目的的抽样选择的。采用交互分析模型对数据进行分析。采用数据源三角剖分、方法三角剖分、理论三角剖分来检验本研究的效度和信度。结果表明,英语教师在语法教学中运用了语境教学法、归纳演绎法和语法与语言技能的结合。此外,英语老师使用了翻转课堂模式,这是一种将同步和异步在线学习相结合的混合学习形式,以WhatsApp、Google Meet、Google Classroom为教学平台。在实施过程中,英语教师在远程英语语法教学过程中遇到了一些问题。这些问题包括学生纪律、时间有限、教师的额外工作量、师生之间的距离、课堂管理和技术问题。综上所述,只有对学习活动做好充分的准备,师生在教学过程中良好的沟通和协作,才能最大限度地进行英语语法远程教学,实现学习目标。
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引用次数: 0
Student Perceptions On Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic For Social Science Subjects At SMP Negeri 6 Samarinda 在新冠疫情期间,学生对SMP Negeri 6 Samarinda社会科学学科在线学习的看法
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.870
N. Wijayanti, S. Sudarman, V. Rahayu
This research is motivated by the learning process that has changed from face-to-face learning in class to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore student attitudes that were adjusted from several dimensions, namely online learning conditions, teaching materials, student interaction, learning styles and environment/accessibility as well as to determine student perceptions of online learning during the covid-19 pandemic, especially social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 6 Samarinda. The type of research used in this thesis is a case study with a qualitative approach. The data sources in this study were 5 students of class IX and 2 teachers of social studies subjects, with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique, while the data collection techniques in this thesis research used interview techniques, questionnaires and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the dimensions of online learning conditions consist of learning tools, namely mobile phones (96.5%), learning applications namely Google Classroom (85.1%) and online learning constraints, namely difficult internet networks (57%). Judging from the dimensions of the environment/accessibility, the environment is very supportive (72.8%) and from the learning atmosphere, students prefer to return to school face-to-face (71.1%). In addition, it can also be seen from the dimensions of student interaction in the form of semi-two-way interactions (78.1%), the dimensions of learning styles in the form of visual styles (89.5%), and the dimensions of teaching materials carried out during the online learning process are more assignments individual (86.8%). The conclusion of this study shows that there are still many obstacles in the implementation of online learning, and in terms of student attitudes there are still students who are not disciplined when carrying out online learning.
此次研究的动机是在新冠肺炎大流行期间,从面对面的课堂学习转变为在线学习的学习过程。本研究的目的是探索从几个维度调整的学生态度,即在线学习条件、教材、学生互动、学习方式和环境/可及性,以及确定学生对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间在线学习的看法,特别是SMP Negeri 6 Samarinda的社会研究科目。本文使用的研究类型是采用定性方法的案例研究。本研究的数据来源为5名九班学生和2名社会学科教师,使用的抽样技术为目的抽样技术,而本论文研究的数据收集技术采用访谈法、问卷调查法和文献法。本研究结果表明,在线学习条件的维度包括学习工具,即手机(96.5%),学习应用,即谷歌课堂(85.1%)和在线学习约束,即困难的互联网(57%)。从环境/可及性的维度来看,环境是非常支持性的(72.8%),从学习氛围来看,学生更愿意回到学校面对面学习(71.1%)。此外,从半双向互动形式的学生互动维度(78.1%)、视觉风格形式的学习风格维度(89.5%)和在线学习过程中进行的教材维度(86.8%)也可以看出,作业个性化程度更高。本研究的结论表明,在线学习的实施仍然存在许多障碍,从学生的态度来看,仍然有学生在进行在线学习时不守纪律。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating Gender Differences in Senior High School Students’ Motivation to Learn English Online During The COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎疫情期间高中生在线英语学习动机的性别差异研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.880
Wahyu Setyo Prihandono, Bibit Suhatmady, Weningtyas P. Iswari
A lot of research has been conducted to examine the effect of gender differences on language learning motivation in various learning environment, yet the outcomes remain contradictory. This study investigates gender differences in 568 Indonesian senior high school students’ motivation to learn English online during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this quantitative enquiry, the data were collected using a motivational questionnaire containing a number of items indicating motivational components. One-way MANOVA was performed to examine not only the students’ overall motivation, but also the effect of gender differences on three motivational variables, namely instrumental orientation, self-efficacy beliefs, and self-regulation. The findings revealed that the students’ overall motivation differs by gender. Furthermore, it was indicated that, in general, female students possessed higher levels of motivation than male students in learning English online. The results support the growing stereotype claiming that female learners tend to outperform their male peers in language learning. The analyses on the motivational variables indicated that female students had higher level of instrumental orientation and they were more self-regulated compared to male students. In terms of their self-efficacy beliefs, no significant differences detected between male and female students in learning English online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
在不同的学习环境中,性别差异对语言学习动机的影响已经进行了大量的研究,但结果仍然是矛盾的。本研究调查了新冠肺炎大流行期间568名印尼高中生在线学习英语动机的性别差异。在这个定量调查中,数据是用一个动机问卷收集的,其中包含了一些表明动机成分的项目。采用单因素方差分析(single - MANOVA)分析学生的整体动机,以及性别差异对工具取向、自我效能信念和自我调节三个动机变量的影响。研究结果显示,学生的总体动机因性别而异。此外,研究还表明,总体而言,女生在线学习英语的动机水平高于男生。研究结果支持了一种日益增长的刻板印象,即女性学习者在语言学习方面往往比男性学习者表现更好。动机变量分析表明,女生的工具取向水平较高,自我调节能力较强。在自我效能感信念方面,新冠肺炎疫情期间,男女学生在网络英语学习方面无显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION SERVICES THROUGH WHATSAPP MOTIVATION OF CLASS X STUDENTS OF SMAN 3 SAMARINDA IN THE PANDEMIC PERIOD OF THE 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/2021学年大流行期间,whatsapp信息服务对萨玛林达三区x班学生动机的影响
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.861
Carolina Trianita Tabut, Masnurimma Heriansyah, A. Irawan
The background of this research is due to a decrease in students' learning motivation during the pandemic so that BK teachers provide information services with the help of Whatsapp Group media to increase students' learning motivation during the pandemic. The formulation of the research problem is how the impact of information services through Whatsapp Group in increasing the learning motivation of class X SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda students with the aim of knowing the impact of information services through Whatsapp Group in increasing the learning motivation of class X students of SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda during the pandemic. The type of data used is quantitative research with ex post facto correlational design research methods. The population is all students of class X in SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda with a sample of 138 respondents, purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are questionnaires on information services and students' learning motivation. The instrument validity test used the Pearson Product Moment correlation formula, and the instrument reliability test used the Cronbach Alpha coefficient approach reliability index calculation using the SPSS 25 program. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and simple linear regression analysis. Before testing the hypothesis, the analysis requirements test was conducted, namely normality and linearity tests using the SPSS 25 program. The results of the research from information services had an average of 132, a frequency of 60% with a useful category and learning motivation in the medium category had an average of 195, a frequency of 71%. In the results of tcount 10.253 > ttable 1.97756, a significance level of 5% means that information services through the Whatsapp Group media have a significant impact on increasing students' learning motivation during the pandemic with an R Square of 44% being in the strong category. This shows that information services through Whatsapp Group can be used as a strategy in increasing students' learning motivation, especially during this pandemic. This research is expected to be used as a reference and reference material to further innovate in providing information services to students' learning motivation.
本研究的背景是由于大流行期间学生的学习动机下降,BK教师借助Whatsapp群媒体提供信息服务,以增加学生在大流行期间的学习动机。研究问题的制定是通过Whatsapp Group的信息服务对提高SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda X班学生学习动机的影响,目的是了解在疫情期间通过Whatsapp Group的信息服务对提高SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda X班学生学习动机的影响。使用的数据类型是定量研究与事后相关设计研究方法。人口为SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda的所有X班学生,样本为138名受访者,采用有目的抽样技术。数据收集技术是关于信息服务和学生学习动机的问卷调查。仪器效度检验采用Pearson积矩相关公式,仪器信度检验采用Cronbach Alpha系数法,采用SPSS 25程序计算信度指标。数据分析技术采用描述性分析和简单线性回归分析。在检验假设之前,使用SPSS 25程序进行分析需求检验,即正态性检验和线性检验。信息服务类的研究结果平均为132个,有用类的频率为60%,中等类的学习动机平均为195个,频率为71%。在tcount 10.253 >表1.97756的结果中,显著性水平为5%意味着通过Whatsapp Group媒体提供的信息服务在疫情期间对提高学生的学习动机有显著影响,R平方为44%,属于强类别。这表明,通过Whatsapp Group提供信息服务可以作为提高学生学习动机的一种策略,特别是在这次大流行期间。本研究可望为进一步创新为学生学习动机提供信息服务提供参考和参考资料。
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引用次数: 0
Plagiarism Awareness and Academic Writing Ability: The Relationship with the EFL Students' Plagiarism Practice 抄袭意识与学术写作能力:与英语学生抄袭行为的关系
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.867
Maulidya Namira, M. Ping, Bibit Suhatmady
Plagiarism is considered as the writing difficulty and has been a topic among researchers in the past ten years. Many studies explored plagiarism perceptions and the reasons behind plagiarism. Some studies also attempted to find an association between the elements that might contribute to plagiarism such as writing skills, language level, studying behavior, etc. However, most of the studies does not include the plagiarism rate or similarity index as one of the research variables. To fill this gap, this study aimed to find out whether there is any relationship between plagiarism awareness and academic writing ability towards the students’ actual plagiarism practice. The 30 respondents are students of the English Department in Mulawarman University who has written an academic paper namely a Mini research proposal. This study design is quantitative-correlational design with a Multiple regression data analysis technique. The study three main findings are; (1) there is no significant relationship between plagiarism awareness and plagiarism rate; (2) there is a significant negative relationship between academic writing ability and plagiarism rate; and (3) there is a simultaneous relationship between plagiarism awareness and academic writing ability with plagiarism rate. Additionally, academic writing ability has more influence on plagiarism rate than plagiarism awareness.
抄袭被认为是写作难题,近十年来一直是研究者们讨论的话题。许多研究探讨了抄袭的认知和抄袭背后的原因。一些研究还试图找出可能导致抄袭的因素之间的联系,如写作技巧、语言水平、学习行为等。然而,大多数研究并没有将抄袭率或相似指数作为研究变量之一。为了填补这一空白,本研究旨在了解学生的剽窃意识和学术写作能力对学生的实际剽窃行为是否存在关系。30名受访者是Mulawarman大学英语系的学生,他们写了一篇学术论文,即迷你研究计划。本研究设计为定量相关设计,采用多元回归数据分析技术。该研究的三个主要发现是;(1)抄袭意识与抄袭率无显著相关;(2)学术写作能力与抄袭率呈显著负相关;(3)抄袭意识、学术写作能力与抄袭率之间存在同步关系。此外,学术写作能力对抄袭率的影响大于抄袭意识。
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引用次数: 0
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF PPPA NO. 6 OF 2015 CONCERNING THE ROLE OF THE OFFICE OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AND CHILD PROTECTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SAMARINDA CITY 实施条例的pppa部长号。关于在萨马林达市COVID-19大流行期间增强妇女权能和儿童保护办公室的作用的2015年第6号决议
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.873
Turah Nurul Aini, M. Marwiah, Suryaningsi Suryaningsi
 To create a just society, the government develops programs that have been planned, one of which is to provide protection to women and children as the nation's next generation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many cases occurred to women and children so that the role of the government was needed. 6 of 2015 concerning the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection System, and more violence in the role. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. With resource persons who have the criteria. Using data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation as well as data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Minister of PPPA Regulation No. 6 of 2015 concerning the Role of the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Samarinda City has gone well with the existence of the Integrated Service Center for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (P2TP2A) and has changed since 2019 into an Integrated Implementation Unit for Women's Protection Areas and Children (UPTD PPA) with the issuance of Regulation of the Minister of PPPA No. 4 of 2018. The implementation and role of the Office has been running smoothly through the P2TP2A institution to become UPTD PPA. Suggestions for research that can be done is to propose to the Regional Government to issue a budget for the construction of Safe Houses to provide services.
为了创造一个公正的社会,政府制定了一些计划,其中之一是为作为国家下一代的妇女和儿童提供保护。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,许多病例发生在妇女和儿童身上,因此需要政府的作用。关于妇女赋权和儿童保护制度的2015年第6号决议,以及更多暴力中的作用。本研究采用定性与描述性相结合的方法。有条件的资源人员。使用数据收集技术,即观察、访谈和文档,以及数据分析技术,即数据简化、数据呈现和得出结论。基于这项研究的结果表明,实施PPPA部长监管2015年6号有关妇女权益的办公室的作用,儿童保护COVID-19大流行期间在Samarinda城市已经与集成服务的存在妇女赋权和儿童保护中心(P2TP2A)和自2019年以来已经改变成一个集成的实现单位对女性的保护区域和儿童(UPTD PPA)的发行PPPA部长条例2018年第4号。通过P2TP2A机构成为UPTD PPA,办公室的实施和角色一直在顺利运行。可以做的研究建议是向区域政府提议为建造安全屋提供服务发布预算。
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引用次数: 1
Application of the Conceptual Model of Buddhist Counseling and Guidance Through Online Media During the Covid 19 新型冠状病毒肺炎期间网络媒体佛教咨询指导概念模式的应用
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.30872/escs.v1i1.878
Sulaiman Girivirya
The foundational teaching of the four noble truths is the foundation of the Buddhist counseling psychology conceptual paradigm. The Four Noble Truths are the most fundamental teachings of Buddhism, and both Mahayana and Theravada Buddhists subscribe to them. This model is applied in the form of training by measuring prior concept knowledge and training. After a final exam was done at the implementation of the program's second session, the participants of the application "Buddhist Counseling Psychology Training Model" increased their level of knowledge mastery from 46.67 percent to 78.24 percent. This finding implies that Buddhists need to improve their knowledge of Buddhist Guidance and Counseling resources while seeking direction or resolving personal, family, or communal issues. The participants' strength after this activity was also demonstrated by a variety of enthusiastic inputs.
四圣谛的基础教导是佛教咨询心理学概念范式的基础。四圣谛是佛教最基本的教义,大乘佛教徒和小乘佛教徒都信奉四圣谛。该模型通过测量先验概念知识和训练,以训练的形式进行应用。在实施第二期项目的期末考试结束后,“佛教咨询心理培训模式”应用的参与者的知识掌握水平从46.67%提高到78.24%。这一发现意味着佛教徒在寻求方向或解决个人、家庭或社区问题时,需要提高他们对佛教指导和咨询资源的了解。活动结束后,参与者的力量也通过各种热情的投入得到了体现。
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引用次数: 0
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