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The missing link in Learning Analytics 学习分析中缺失的一环
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.630
Matthew White, Kashmira Dave, Henk Huijser
Learning Analytics and staff-facing dashboards enable educators to gain insights into student learning, enhancing teaching practices and learning outcomes. Student-facing dashboards (SFDs) can also prove advantageous for students as they empower them to better interpret their results, promote self-reflection with the goal of improving their academic performance. Whilst there is no currently preferred software solution for implementing dashboards. Through the authors’ reflections of creating SFDs, using assessment and ePortfolio asset data, this can be achieved with free or readily available tools. This concise paper used initiatives for the author to reflect upon the process creating SFDs. Investigations for opportunities to refine dashboards are also presented.
学习分析(Learning Analytics)和面向教职员工的仪表盘使教育工作者能够深入了解学生的学习情况,从而改进教学实践,提高学习成绩。面向学生的仪表板(SFDs)也证明对学生有利,因为它们能让学生更好地解释自己的成绩,促进自我反思,从而提高学习成绩。虽然目前还没有首选的软件解决方案来实施仪表板。通过作者使用评估和电子档案资产数据创建 SFD 的反思,这可以通过免费或现成的工具来实现。这篇简明扼要的论文让作者对创建 SFD 的过程进行了反思。此外,还介绍了对完善仪表盘机会的调查。
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking student success 开启学生成功之门
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.510
Sandy Barker, Audrea Warner
This paper draws upon the authors' extensive experience in designing and delivering simulation-based courses in both Australia and New Zealand. Through their first-hand experience, they have found that simulation-based courses offer distinct advantages compared to traditional pedagogical approaches. Participants in these courses exhibit enhanced learning and retention due to their active engagement and sense of ownership in the learning process. By adopting a "hands-on" approach, the majority of course time is dedicated to experiential learning and discovery rather than passive listening (Garris, Ahlers & Driskell, 2002). The purpose of this article is to present and elaborate on how simulations can be used in business education along with insights the authors have gained over the years. In most business simulations, learners are immersed in the role of managing a firm within a competitive environment(s), engage in competition with other firms operating in the same industry, and strive to effectively produce, market goods, and optimize resource management for sustainable growth. Throughout the process of completing the simulation students have noted that they not only expand their business knowledge but also improve their employability skills, particularly teamwork, problem solving, communication and critical analysis. This paper also reflects on the relationships built throughout the simulation course.
本文借鉴了作者在澳大利亚和新西兰设计和开设模拟课程的丰富经验。通过亲身经历,他们发现与传统教学方法相比,模拟课程具有明显的优势。由于学员在学习过程中的积极参与和主人翁意识,这些课程的学习效果和保持率都得到了提高。通过采用 "实践 "方法,课程的大部分时间都用于体验学习和发现,而不是被动地听讲(Garris, Ahlers & Driskell, 2002)。 本文旨在介绍和阐述如何在商业教育中使用模拟教学,以及作者多年来获得的见解。在大多数商业模拟中,学习者都沉浸在竞争环境中管理公司的角色中,与同行业的其他公司展开竞争,并努力有效地生产和销售商品,优化资源管理以实现可持续增长。在完成模拟的过程中,学生们注意到,他们不仅拓展了商业知识,还提高了就业技能,尤其是团队合作、解决问题、沟通和批判性分析能力。本文还对整个模拟课程中建立的关系进行了反思。
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引用次数: 0
Prior knowledge as a limiting factor in critical thinking skills development 先验知识是批判性思维能力培养的限制因素
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.631
Ellinor Allen, Colin Jevons
Recently, advances in generative AI have highlighted the importance of skills that (currently) are exclusively human characteristics, of which insightful critical thinking is one. Critical thinking is vital for many professional careers where technological advances, outsourcing, globalisation, and more recent global pandemic impacts on the business world have made higher-level cognitive skills essential at the entry level in disciplines such as accounting. Yet despite critical thinking being a common university graduate attribute, accounting graduates are not meeting employers’ expectations in relation to thinking skills. This study investigates whether a pedagogical intervention that emphasises knowledge construction could stimulate student critical thinking skills.
最近,生成式人工智能的进步凸显了(目前)人类独有的技能的重要性,而富有洞察力的批判性思维就是其中之一。批判性思维对许多专业职业都至关重要,因为技术进步、外包、全球化以及最近全球流行病对商业世界的影响,使得会计等学科的入门级人才必须具备更高级别的认知技能。然而,尽管批判性思维是大学毕业生的普遍特质,但会计专业毕业生在思维能力方面并没有达到雇主的期望。本研究探讨了强调知识建构的教学干预能否激发学生的批判性思维能力。
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引用次数: 0
Surveying LinkedIn profiles of learning designers 调查 LinkedIn 上学习设计师的资料
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.523
Dawn Gilmore, Chinh Nguyen
This paper explores the diversity of qualifications, interpersonal skills, and career pathways of learning designers. Through a convenience sampling approach utilizing LinkedIn data, the study reveals that while education is a common qualification, it is not the sole determinant of success in the field. Notably, training, development, and leadership are identified as the most endorsed interpersonal skills. The research also identifies three distinct career pathways: hierarchical, industry-based, and traditional learning design pathways. Building upon these findings, we introduce a tool that defines core competencies and evidence for entry-level, mid-career, and senior learning designers. This tool can serve as a valuable resource for the recruitment and development of learning design staff, contributing to a better understanding and recognition of the pivotal role of learning designers in the teaching and learning process.
本文探讨了学习设计师的资质、人际交往技能和职业发展途径的多样性。通过利用 LinkedIn 数据的方便抽样方法,研究揭示了虽然学历是一种常见的资格,但它并不是在该领域取得成功的唯一决定因素。值得注意的是,培训、发展和领导力被认为是最受认可的人际交往技能。研究还发现了三种不同的职业发展途径:等级制、基于行业和传统的学习设计途径。在这些研究结果的基础上,我们推出了一个工具,为入门级、中级和高级学习设计师定义了核心能力和证据。这一工具可以作为招聘和培养学习设计人员的宝贵资源,有助于更好地理解和认识学习设计人员在教学过程中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Excel – a new way to join the dots Excel--连接点的新方法
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.611
Louise Luff
Professional judgment is an essential and expected graduate skill. The ability to make considered judgments based on sound critical thinking must be developed progressively by students throughout their lifelong learning journey. To support Business School students critical thinking development, an innovative series of interactive and scaffolded tutorial tools were created in Excel. Based on real world business scenarios, students develop the necessary skills to justify and make robust professional judgments. Used as supportive tutorial activities with formative feedback opportunities, students learnt how to perform the necessary steps and argue related justifications. To go deeper, students further question the unresolved and unreasonable, determine the impacts of what if scenarios and make confident decisions that influence professional judgments. This innovative interactive approach provides students with several autonomy and self-efficacy experiences and brings students confidently into the realm of doing (Schwartz et al., 2012). It is adaptive to professional judgment based units of study across all disciplines. For adaptation in more technical and practice based domains, the Excel tutorial worksheet contained background information for the business world scenario. At each sub decision point, data validation and conditional formatting tools have been adopted to allow students to explore drop down possible choices. These are subsequently linked to possible justifications, further information required questions, what if diagrams, and descriptors of how these influence critical justifications. To highlight connection to logical thinking, a “Green to go” colour change code is used which allows students to confirm their understanding or seek further support. Working with students in tutorial time and using the MS Excel text colour function, teaching staff model critical thinking and professional business world expectations. The file’s interactive decision making process, supportive explanatory notes and tips are unveiled so the professional judgment is made in partnership between students and staff. This tool can also be used to develop critical thinking for extended written response decisions. This adaption is designed as a step by step supportive essay planner and response template. Within the Excel worksheet, the essay question is broken down into separate sectional row tasks (introduction, discussion of theories, related application, conclusion). Each sectional row contains an in tutorial discussion box (completed in the expansive social tutorial time), your own response box and, using the Excel data validation tool, a drop down marking rubric. Students are encouraged to complete a full essay response and, via the share function, forward their Excel response to the teaching team who provide formative feedback. The approach’s visual and supported critical thinking path assists students to form their own opinions from many perspectives, m
专业判断力是毕业生必备的技能,也是他们所期望的技能。学生必须在终身学习的过程中逐步培养基于正确批判性思维做出深思熟虑判断的能力。为了支持商学院学生批判性思维的发展,我们在 Excel 中创建了一系列创新的交互式支架教程工具。基于真实世界的商业场景,学生可以发展必要的技能,以证明并做出可靠的专业判断。作为具有形成性反馈机会的支持性辅导活动,学生学会了如何执行必要步骤和论证相关理由。为了更深入地学习,学生进一步质疑未解决和不合理的问题,确定 "假设 "情景的影响,并做出影响专业判断的自信决定。这种创新的互动方法为学生提供了多种自主和自我效能体验,让学生自信地进入 "做 "的境界(Schwartz 等人,2012 年)。它适用于所有学科基于专业判断的学习单元。 为了适应技术性和实践性更强的领域,Excel 教程工作表包含了商业世界场景的背景信息。在每个子决策点,都采用了数据验证和条件格式化工具,以便学生探索下拉可能的选择。这些选择随后与可能的理由、所需的进一步信息问题、假设图以及这些如何影响关键理由的描述相联系。为了突出与逻辑思维的联系,还使用了 "绿色转到 "颜色变化代码,使学生能够确认他们的理解或寻求进一步的支持。教学人员在辅导时间与学生一起使用 MS Excel 文本颜色功能,为批判性思维和专业商业世界的期望做出示范。文件中的交互式决策过程、支持性解释说明和提示都已公布,因此专业判断是在学生和教师的合作下做出的。 这一工具也可用于发展批判性思维,以做出扩展的书面答复决定。本改编版设计为一个循序渐进的支持性作文计划和回复模板。在 Excel 工作表中,论文问题被细分为不同的章节任务(引言、理论讨论、相关应用、结论)。每个部分行都包含一个辅导讨论框(在拓展性社会辅导时间内完成)、自己的回答框,以及使用 Excel 数据验证工具的下拉评分标准。我们鼓励学生完成完整的论文答辩,并通过共享功能将 Excel 答辩转发给提供形成性反馈的教学团队。 该方法的可视化和支持性批判性思维路径有助于学生从多个角度形成自己的观点,做出判断,最重要的是,通过提高学生的参与度、经验和自我效能,有助于学生更深入地学习(Cahill & Bloch-Schulman, 2012, Turner & Baskerville, 2013)。演讲将展示该倡议的互动式高效批判性思维和决策模式。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying the components of foundational Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy - Early results from a Delphi study 确定人工智能(AI)基础素养的组成部分--德尔菲研究的初步结果
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.672
K. MacCallum, David Parsons, Mahsa Mohaghegh
This article provides some initial results from the first phase of a Delphi study to identify the critical components of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy curriculum. This article explores the study results that address a four-level capability model, but only the lowest level of this model. The Delphi panel comprised 17 experts in AI, and the first round of the study used a survey to gather the experts' responses in three areas that were based on previous literature - knowledge (and concepts) of AI, skills related to AI, and understanding AI in context. A structured thematic analysis revealed several themes under these categories. For foundational knowledge and concepts, it was determined that three areas were needed, namely 1) what is AI? 2) applications of AI, and 3) AI technologies. Skills were divided into cognitive and technical skills, with cognitive skills further divided into 21st-century and applied skills. Understandings comprised social issues, risks, and debates. The repeated ideas that formed these themes gave rich insights into how an AI literacy curriculum might be structured and provided a firm foundation for subsequent rounds of the study, which will involve further iteration and consolidation of these ideas.
本文提供了德尔菲研究第一阶段的一些初步结果,该研究旨在确定人工智能(AI)扫盲课程的关键组成部分。本文探讨了针对四级能力模型的研究结果,但只是该模型的最低一级。德尔菲小组由 17 位人工智能领域的专家组成,第一轮研究采用调查的方式收集专家们在三个方面的回答,这三个方面是基于以前的文献--人工智能的知识(和概念)、与人工智能相关的技能以及在情境中理解人工智能。结构化主题分析显示了这些类别下的若干主题。在基础知识和概念方面,确定需要三个领域,即 1) 什么是人工智能?2) 人工智能的应用,以及 3) 人工智能技术。技能分为认知技能和技术技能,认知技能又分为 21 世纪技能和应用技能。理解包括社会问题、风险和辩论。形成这些主题的重复想法为如何构建人工智能扫盲课程提供了丰富的见解,并为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础,这些研究将涉及对这些想法的进一步迭代和整合。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the impact of ChatGPT in education 了解 ChatGPT 对教育的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.461
C. Thong, Russell Butson, WeiLee Lim
With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings, particularly the integration of tools like ChatGPT, research on the impact of ChatGPT in education becomes a critical and timely endeavor, especially when it includes insights from students rather than just teachers. This exploratory study aims to examine students’ attitudes, perceptions, and ethical concerns towards AI integration in learning environments by directly engaging 60 students from diverse geographical regions and educational background.  The sample includes students from urban higher education and suburban high school. The study is founded on a quantitative research design and cross-sectional survey methodology. The findings reveal a clear digital divide in AI usage, with urban students demonstrating more engagement with ChatGPT for educational purposes than their suburban counterparts, thereby unveiling an underlying disparity in technological access. Ambiguity prevails among students about distinct functionalities and benefits of AI language models like ChatGPT, hinting at the need for clearer elucidation of AI’s unique capabilities. Ethical concerns also emerge, especially regarding AI accuracy and the potential for misuse leading to a decline in critical thinking skills. However, despite these challenges, students generally express optimism about the future refinement and widespread application of ChatGPT. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of promoting digital inclusivity, establishing clear ethical guidelines, and striving for continuous improvements in AI accuracy, all while maintaining student-centric approach. Future direction suggests a focus on enhancing digital inclusivity, ethical considerations, AI accuracy and educational strategies around unique functionalities of AI tools.
随着人工智能(AI)在教育环境中的应用,特别是像 ChatGPT 这样的工具的集成,有关 ChatGPT 在教育中的影响的研究成为一项重要而及时的工作,特别是当它包括来自学生而不仅仅是教师的见解时。这项探索性研究旨在通过直接接触来自不同地区和教育背景的 60 名学生,考察学生对人工智能融入学习环境的态度、看法和道德关切。 样本包括来自城市高等教育机构和郊区高中的学生。研究采用定量研究设计和横断面调查方法。研究结果显示,在人工智能的使用方面存在明显的数字鸿沟,城市学生比郊区学生更多地使用 ChatGPT 进行教育,从而揭示了技术使用方面的潜在差异。学生们对 ChatGPT 等人工智能语言模型的独特功能和益处普遍存在模糊认识,这表明需要更清晰地阐明人工智能的独特能力。此外,还出现了道德方面的担忧,尤其是人工智能的准确性以及滥用人工智能导致批判性思维能力下降的可能性。然而,尽管存在这些挑战,学生们普遍对 ChatGPT 未来的完善和广泛应用表示乐观。总之,本研究强调了在坚持以学生为中心的同时,促进数字包容性、建立明确的道德准则、努力不断提高人工智能准确性的重要性。未来的发展方向是,围绕人工智能工具的独特功能,重点加强数字包容性、伦理考虑、人工智能准确性和教育策略。
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引用次数: 0
Technology-enhanced self and peer assessment to support student agency during group projects 通过技术强化的自我和同伴评估,支持学生在小组项目中发挥能动作用
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.509
Marion Blumenstein, Asma Shakil, Peter Swedlund
Teamwork and collaborative problem solving competencies are important 21st century skills and considered key graduate attributes for employability and lifelong learning (e.g., Csapó & Funke, 2017). For students to develop collaborative skills and competencies, group work and peer learning are widely-used approaches in higher education.  Effective teamwork skills are often implicitly taught and notoriously disliked by students for many reasons including freeriding (social loafing), member dominance or disengagement. Well-functioning teams are underpinned by social-affective dimensions of group work such as respect for reviewers (Carless & Boud, 2018) and social cohesion (Bakhtiar et al., 2018). To positively influence group cohesion and develop team skills, formative peer evaluation of team members’ contributions have been shown to effectively support student agency in this process (Stenalt 2021, Sridharan et al., 2018).   This case study explores the affordances of the digital peer review tools Feedback Fruits and Peer Assess Pro to facilitate feedback processes for the successful completion of high-stakes capstone group projects. Bachelor of Science students engage with anonymous team member evaluations of task completion as well as self-evaluation of team skills. To aid a major curriculum transformation at our university towards relational pedagogies, we embarked on an iterative and deliberate approach to scaling peer feedback. The approach aligns with educational design research integrating research and design processes for theoretical and practical outcomes (McKenney & Reeves, 2012, p. 76). Specifically, we aimed to understand 1) the student perception of technology facilitated peer feedback as learning for improved outcomes and raised self-awareness of teamwork skills, and 2) provide a non-threatening environment that enabled personal and collective agency for students as providers and receivers of feedback underpinned by Bandura’s (2001) social cognitive theory and human agency. Applying Bandura’s notion to group work, student agency can be enacted through a learner’s capacity to self-reflect on own capabilities (personal agency) as well as socially coordinated and interdependent efforts towards desired outcomes (collective agency).   Questionnaire data on self-regulation (N=42) confirmed the usefulness of peer evaluation of team members’ contributions. However, only half of the students thought that peer feedback positively impacted group coherence and effectiveness such as time management, quality of submissions, or their own performance. Feedback and self-reflections on students’ own strengths and weaknesses were found to be empowering and generally supported team effectiveness. This was also evident from students’ comments (N=110) within the Feedback Fruits tool where students rated their self- and peer efficacy on six criteria: initiative, engagement, contribution, ideas and communication, focus, and harmony. We identified iss
团队合作和协作解决问题的能力是 21 世纪的重要技能,被认为是毕业生就业能力和终身学习的关键属性(例如,Csapó & Funke, 2017)。为了培养学生的协作技能和能力,小组合作和同伴学习是高等教育中广泛使用的方法。 有效的团队合作技能往往是潜移默化的,也是学生不喜欢的,原因有很多,包括自由散漫(社交闲逛)、成员主导地位或脱离。运作良好的团队是由小组工作的社会情感维度支撑的,如尊重审查者(Carless & Boud, 2018)和社会凝聚力(Bakhtiar et al.)为了积极影响小组凝聚力和发展团队技能,对小组成员贡献的形成性同伴评价已被证明能在这一过程中有效支持学生代理(Stenalt 2021, Sridharan et al.) 本案例研究探讨了数字同行评议工具 Feedback Fruits 和 Peer Assess Pro 在促进成功完成高风险毕业设计小组项目的反馈过程中的功能。理科学士学生参与团队成员对任务完成情况的匿名评价以及对团队技能的自我评价。为了帮助本校进行重大课程改革,实现关系教学法,我们采用了一种迭代和深思熟虑的方法来扩大同伴反馈的规模。该方法与教育设计研究相一致,整合了研究和设计过程,以取得理论和实践成果(McKenney & Reeves, 2012, p.76)。具体来说,我们的目标是了解:1)学生对技术促进的同伴反馈的感知,将其视为提高学习成绩和团队合作技能的自我意识的学习方式;2)根据班杜拉(2001 年)的社会认知理论和人的能动性,提供一个无威胁的环境,使学生作为反馈的提供者和接收者,能够发挥个人和集体能动性。将班杜拉的概念应用到小组合作中,学生的能动性可以通过学习者对自身能力的自我反思(个人能动性)以及为实现预期结果而进行的社会协调和相互依赖的努力(集体能动性)来实现。 关于自我调节的问卷数据(N=42)证实了同伴评价对团队成员贡献的作用。然而,只有一半的学生认为同伴反馈对小组的一致性和有效性(如时间管理、提交材料的质量或自身表现)产生了积极影响。对学生自身优缺点的反馈和自我反思被认为是一种赋权,总体上有助于提高团队效率。这一点从学生在 "反馈果实 "工具中的评论(N=110)中也可以看出,学生根据以下六项标准对自我和同伴的效率进行了评分:主动性、参与度、贡献、想法和沟通、专注度以及和谐度。我们发现了所收到的反馈在及时性和积极参与性方面存在的问题,这需要进一步迭代有目的设计的评分标准,以达到预期的学习效果。同伴反馈对自我和集体效能感的影响非常复杂,受到个人和社会文化价值观的影响(Bandura, 2001, 第 14 页)。我们强调反馈是在可控条件下以学习为中心的过程(通过明确的评分标准进行技术强化),这表明学生可以让信息为他们自己和他们的团队服务,以改善高风险的小组项目成果。重要的是,与莫罗伊等人(2019)的观点一致,培养反馈素养有助于培养学术技能,支持自我调节,并承认反馈是未来就业能力的一个互惠过程。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging Technology for Animal Physiology Practicals 利用技术进行动物生理学实践
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.556
Suresh Krishnasamy, Edward Narayan
In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, animal physiology practical classes at The University of Queensland, were conducted fully online using Lt, a cloud-based platform, ensuring that students were able to achieve the intended course outcomes. However, in 2021, practical classes had to be redesigned to cater for both on-campus and online deliveries and this project investigated the continued use of Lt in animal physiology practical classes focusing on student satisfaction and performance for both on-campus and online students. Student satisfaction with the redesigned practicals were high across all constructs - overall structure, pre-lab materials and incorporation of group work (on-campus students) while student performance outcomes showed an improved performance compared to before the use of Lt and showed no significant differences in the performance of the on-campus versus online cohorts. The findings gave confidence in using Lt as a foundation for delivering animal science practicals equitably for both cohorts.
2020 年,由于 COVID-19 大流行,昆士兰大学的动物生理学实践课完全采用云平台 Lt 在线授课,确保学生能够达到预期的课程效果。然而,到了 2021 年,实践课必须重新设计,以满足校内和在线授课的需要,本项目调查了在动物生理学实践课中继续使用 Lt 的情况,重点关注校内和在线学生的满意度和成绩。学生对重新设计的实践课的满意度在所有方面都很高,包括整体结构、实验前材料和小组合作(校内学生),而学生的成绩结果表明,与使用 Lt 之前相比,学生的成绩有所提高,而且校内学生与网络学生的成绩没有明显差异。这些研究结果让人对使用 Lt 作为基础,公平地为两批学生提供动物科学实践课程充满信心。
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引用次数: 0
Authorship Verification in software engineering education 软件工程教育中的作者身份验证
Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.14742/apubs.2023.559
Shannon Rios, Yu Zhang, Eduardo Oliveira
The prevalence of academic misconduct, specifically contract cheating, is a rising concern in higher education institutions globally. Among the recent advancements, Generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) has exacerbated the situation by offering authentically generated writings, making detection through traditional plagiarism tools ineffective. This paper explores the development and application of students' academic writing profiles, using a combination of word embedding (Word2Vec) and stylistic feature extraction techniques. By leveraging a Siamese neural network, our method focuses on recognising distinctive writing styles, a concept rooted in Authorship Verification (AV). Our approach's efficacy evaluates favourably against other AV methods and is tested against AI-generated texts deliberately designed to mimic student writing. The study emphasises the importance of understanding individual academic writing styles to identify outsourcing or AI-generated work effectively.
学术不端行为,特别是合同作弊,在全球高等教育机构中日益受到关注。在最近取得的进步中,生成式人工智能(genAI)通过提供真实生成的文章,使传统抄袭工具的检测失效,从而加剧了这种情况。本文结合词嵌入(Word2Vec)和文体特征提取技术,探讨了学生学术写作档案的开发和应用。通过利用连体神经网络,我们的方法侧重于识别与众不同的写作风格,这一概念源于作者身份验证(AV)。与其他 AV 方法相比,我们的方法在效果评估方面更胜一筹,我们还对人工智能生成的文本进行了测试,这些文本是特意模仿学生写作而设计的。这项研究强调了了解个人学术写作风格对于有效识别外包作品或人工智能生成作品的重要性。
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