Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

[The combined effects of sublingual immunotherapy and Lactobacillus acidophilusproducing extract on cedar pollinosis symptoms]. 舌下免疫治疗联合嗜酸乳杆菌提取物对雪松花粉症症状的联合作用。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-131-139

I Hirobumi, Y Sasuga

Introduction. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), in which standardized cedar pollen extract solution is administered, has been used to treat cedar pollinosis, but SLIT is problematic because it takes a long time to become effective, and some cases are ineffective even after long-term treatment. It has also been reported that lactobacillus acidophilus extract (LEX), a food-derived ingredient, alleviates various allergic symptoms. This study examined the usefulness of LEX as a treatment for cedar pollinosis in comparison with SLIT. We also examined whether the combined use of SLIT and LEX could have an early-onset of therapeutic effect on cedar pollinosis. We also examined the usefulness of LEX as a salvage therapy for patients who failed to respond to SLIT. Subjects and methods. Fifteen patients with cedar pollinosis were divided into three groups. The three groups were: three patients in the standardized cedar pollen extract group (S group), seven patients in the lactobacillus-producing extract group (L group), and five patients in the combination group of standardized cedar pollen extract and lactobacillus-producing extract (SL group). The subjects were treated for three years, corresponding to the three scattering seasons of cedar pollen, and observed according to the evaluation items. The evaluation items were severity score based on examination findings, subjective symptom score (QOL score) based on the Japanese Standard QOL Questionnaire for Allergic Rhinitis ( JRQLQ No. 1) questionnaire, nonspecific IgE level measurement by blood test, and cedar pollen-specific IgE level measurement. Results. After three years of observation, there were no significant differences in severity score and nonspecific IgE levels among the three groups, while QOL score decreased significantly between the first and third years of treatment in the L group. Cedar pollenspecific IgE levels in the S and SL groups showed an increase in the first year and a gradual decrease in the second and third years of treatment compared to the pre-treatment period. In group L, no increase was observed in the first year, and a significant decrease was observed in the second and third years during the cedar pollen dispersal period. Conclusion. The results of severity and quality of life scores indicated that it took three years of treatment for the S and SL groups to show efficacy, while the L group showed improvement in quality of life scores and cedar pollen-specific IgE levels from the first year, suggesting that LEX is useful as a treatment for cedar pollinosis. The efficacy of combination therapy with SLIT and LEX was not clear, but since the effect of LEX was observed from the early stage of treatment, it was thought that the combination therapy with LEX intake from the early stage of treatment may be effective in reducing the incidence of ineffective cases. The combination therapy of SLIT and LEX may also be useful as a salvage therapy. Categories</

介绍。舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）是一种标准的雪松花粉提取物溶液，已被用于治疗雪松花粉症，但SLIT存在问题，因为它需要很长时间才能生效，有些病例即使经过长期治疗也无效。也有报道称，嗜酸乳杆菌提取物（LEX），一种食品来源的成分，减轻各种过敏症状。本研究比较了LEX与SLIT处理杉木授粉病的有效性。我们还研究了SLIT和LEX联合使用是否对雪松授粉病有早发性的治疗效果。我们还研究了LEX作为对SLIT无效患者的补救性治疗的有效性。研究对象和方法。15例雪松授粉病患者分为3组。三组分别为：标准雪松花粉提取物组（S组）3例，产乳酸菌提取物组（L组）7例，标准雪松花粉提取物与产乳酸菌提取物联合组（SL组）5例。受试者按照杉木花粉的3个散射季节进行3年的处理，按照评价项目进行观察。评价项目为根据检查结果进行的严重程度评分、根据日本变应性鼻炎标准生活质量问卷（JRQLQ No. 1）进行的主观症状评分（QOL评分）、血检非特异性IgE水平测定、雪松花粉特异性IgE水平测定。结果。经过3年的观察，三组患者的严重程度评分和非特异性IgE水平无显著差异，而L组患者的生活质量评分在治疗1年和3年之间明显下降。与处理前相比，S组和SL组雪松花粉特异性IgE水平在处理第一年升高，在处理后的第二年和第三年逐渐降低。L组在雪松花粉弥散期，第1年没有增加，第2年和第3年明显减少。结论。严重程度和生活质量评分结果显示，S组和SL组治疗3年后才显现疗效，而L组治疗1年后生活质量评分和雪松花粉特异性IgE水平均有改善，提示LEX治疗雪松花粉症是有效的。SLIT与LEX联合治疗的疗效尚不清楚，但由于LEX的效果是从治疗早期就观察到的，因此认为从治疗早期开始服用LEX联合治疗可能有效降低无效病例的发生率。SLIT和LEX联合治疗也可能是一种有用的抢救治疗。分类：耳鼻喉科，过敏/免疫学，综合/补充医学。

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引用次数: 0

[A study on nutrition habits and weight loss practice methods in wrestlers]. 摔跤运动员营养习惯与减肥练习方法的研究

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-111-119

E Canbolat, F P Cakiroglu

Today, the use of dietary supplements and unhealthy weight loss methods is becoming increasingly common, particularly among athletes who compete in weight-class sports like wrestling. The aim of this study was to investigate the eating habits and weight cutting methods of wrestlers. Material and methods. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 96 male wrestlers between the ages of 18-30 years who have been wrestling for at least 3 years. The participants' dietary habits, fluid consumption, nutritional supplement use, pre- and post-training eating habits and weight cutting methods were collected by faceto- face interview method with a questionnaire form. Results. Most participants (70.8%) consumed three main meals a day, but only 37.5% had one snack a day. The reasons for skipping meals were lack of time (41.8%) and lack of habit (19.0%). Among the wrestlers, 33.3% used nutritional supplements and usually due to the influence of the coach (50.0%) or their own will (46.9%). In addition, 61.5% of the athletes practiced certain weight cutting methods, and the most common methods were excessive activity (43.8%), low-calorie diet (37.5%) and sweating in sauna/ham (36.5%). Although the use of nutritional supplements and weight cutting methods was more common in wrestlers who were in the national team and had a ranking (more successful wrestlers), the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion. Since regular and balanced nutrition and the application of healthy methods of weight reduction not only maintain the health and performance of athletes, but also reduce the risk of injury, it is essential to educate athletes in terms of nutrition and health.

如今，使用膳食补充剂和不健康的减肥方法变得越来越普遍，尤其是在摔跤等重量级运动的运动员中。本研究的目的是调查摔跤运动员的饮食习惯和减肥方法。材料和方法。这项描述性和横断面研究是对96名年龄在18-30岁之间的摔跤运动员进行的，他们至少有3年的摔跤经验。采用问卷调查的方式，对参与者的饮食习惯、液体摄入、营养补充剂的使用情况、训练前后的饮食习惯和减肥方法进行面对面访谈。结果。大多数参与者（70.8%）每天吃三顿正餐，但只有37.5%的人每天吃一顿零食。不吃饭的原因是没有时间（41.8%）和缺乏习惯（19.0%）。在摔跤运动员中，33.3%的人使用营养补充剂，通常是由于教练的影响（50.0%）或自己的意愿（46.9%）。此外，61.5%的运动员有一定的减肥方法，最常见的方法是过度运动（43.8%）、低热量饮食（37.5%）和桑拿/火腿出汗（36.5%）。虽然在国家队和有排名的摔跤运动员（更成功的摔跤运动员）中使用营养补充剂和减肥方法更为普遍，但差异没有统计学意义（p>0.05）。结论。由于规律均衡的营养和健康减肥方法的应用不仅可以保持运动员的健康和表现，还可以减少受伤的风险，因此对运动员进行营养和健康方面的教育是必不可少的。

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引用次数: 0

[Evaluation of the combined effect of Arthrospira platensis biomass phycyanin concentrate and soy protein on male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet with added cholesterol]. [评价platarthrospira biomass phycyanin concentrate和大豆蛋白对饲喂高脂高胆固醇雄性Wistar大鼠的联合作用]。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-73-84

N A Biryulina, Yu S Sidorova, S N Zorin, N A Petrov, G V Guseva, V K Mazo, A A Kochetkova

One of the approaches to the prevention and dietary correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders is the development of new functional foods with the ingredients containing bioactive compounds with hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties. Soybean protein and biomass of Arthrospira platensis cyanobacteria containing phycobiliproteins (C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) are the sources of such bioactive compounds. The aim of the research was to evaluate the combined effect of phycocyanin concentrate (in two dosages of 30 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and soy protein (50% of the protein in the diet) on disorders, induced in Wistar male rats by consumption of high-fat diet with 2% cholesterol. Material and methods. A 108-day study was performed on 60 growing male Wistar rats. Animals of the control group K1 received a standard semi-synthetic diet. Disturbances in rats of the experimental group G2 were caused by increasing the proportion of the fat component in the diet (up to 29%), adding 2% cholesterol and replacing 20% of cornstarch with sucrose. In experimental groups G3, G4, and G5, 50% of casein in the high-fat diet was replaced with soy protein isolate. Additionally, phycocyanin concentrate was added to the diets of rats in groups G4 and G5 in quantities of 30 and 300 mg/kg of body weight (in terms of phycocyanin), respectively. In all animals, insulin resistance test was conducted, body composition was measured using magnetic resonance relaxometry, blood serum biochemical parameters of protein, lipid, purine metabolism and liver function, and the triglyceride and cholesterol liver levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods using a biochemical analyzer; leptin, ghrelin, C-peptide, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and hydroperoxides were determined in blood serum using enzyme immunoassay. Results. The inclusion of only soy protein isolate into the high-fat diet with cholesterol had a hypoglycemic effect, preventing the development of insulin resistance, and led to a reliable decrease in blood level of lipid peroxides (p=0.011) compared to G2 group. The combined introduction of phycocyanin concentrate at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and soy protein into the diet significantly reduced blood levels of cholesterol (p=0.022), lipid peroxides (p=0.001) and ALT activity (p=0.032) compared to G2. At the same time, animals of both these groups retained disorders in hormonal status (increased leptin and ghrelin level), antioxidant status (elevated level of MDA and SOD) at the same level as for animals consuming high-fat diet with 2% cholesterol. Phycocyanin concentrate at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight together with soy protein in the diet prevented the development of insulin resistance (p=0.049) and reduced serum glucose level (p=0.025); exerted an antioxidant effect, normalizing the level of lipid peroxides (p=0.047), MDA (p=0.015) and SOD (p=0.038), s

预防和纠正碳水化合物和脂质代谢紊乱的方法之一是开发含有具有降血脂和降血糖特性的生物活性化合物的新型功能食品。大豆蛋白和含有藻胆蛋白（c -藻蓝蛋白和allophycocyanin）的platarthrospira cyanobacteria生物量是这些生物活性化合物的来源。本研究的目的是评估藻蓝蛋白浓缩物（30和300毫克/公斤体重两种剂量）和大豆蛋白（占饮食中蛋白质的50%）对Wistar雄性大鼠食用含2%胆固醇的高脂肪饮食引起的疾病的联合作用。材料和方法。对60只生长中的雄性Wistar大鼠进行了为期108天的研究。对照组K1饲喂标准的半合成饲料。实验组G2通过增加饮食中脂肪成分的比例（高达29%）、添加2%的胆固醇和用蔗糖代替20%的玉米淀粉引起大鼠的紊乱。实验组G3、G4和G5用分离大豆蛋白替代高脂肪日粮中50%的酪蛋白。此外，在G4组和G5组大鼠饲粮中分别添加30和300 mg/kg（以藻蓝蛋白计）的藻蓝蛋白浓缩物。所有动物进行胰岛素抵抗试验，采用磁共振松弛法测定体成分，采用生化分析仪测定血清蛋白、脂质、嘌呤代谢和肝功能生化参数，采用分光光度法测定肝脏甘油三酯和胆固醇水平；采用酶免疫法测定血清中瘦素、生长素、c肽、胰岛素、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和氢过氧化物的含量。结果。与G2组相比，仅将大豆分离蛋白纳入高脂肪胆固醇饮食中具有降糖作用，防止胰岛素抵抗的发展，并导致血脂过氧化物水平的可靠降低（p=0.011）。与对照组相比，在饲粮中同时添加300 mg/kg体重的藻蓝蛋白和大豆蛋白显著降低了血液中胆固醇（p=0.022）、脂质过氧化物（p=0.001）和ALT活性（p=0.032）。同时，这两组动物在激素状态（瘦素和胃饥饿素水平升高）和抗氧化状态（MDA和SOD水平升高）方面的紊乱与食用含2%胆固醇的高脂肪饮食的动物保持相同水平。30 mg/kg体重的藻蓝蛋白浓缩物与大豆蛋白联合使用可防止胰岛素抵抗的发生（p=0.049），降低血清葡萄糖水平（p=0.025）；具有抗氧化作用，使脂质过氧化物（p=0.047）、丙二醛（p=0.015）和超氧化物歧化酶（p=0.038）水平正常化，显著降低瘦素（p=0.037）和胃饥饿素（p=0.028）水平。结论。结果表明，在300 mg/kg体重剂量下藻蓝蛋白无有益作用，提示其可能具有抗氧化作用，有待进一步实验研究。关于低剂量（30 mg/ kg体重）藻蓝蛋白与大豆蛋白联合使用对脂质和碳水化合物代谢的有益影响的数据可能对开发具有降血糖和降血脂特性的功能性食品成分感兴趣。

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引用次数: 0

[Protective аction of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis and immune response in rats after exhausting physical exercise. Part II. Effect of ginseng root extract on immunity and regulation of energy metabolism]. 人参根提取物对运动性疲劳大鼠肌原纤维凋亡及免疫反应的保护作用。第二部分。人参根提取物对免疫及能量代谢的调节作用[j]。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-61-72

E N Trushina, N A Rieger, O K Mustafina, A N Timonin, I V Aksenov, A G Krasutsky, V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk

The quest for new bioactive compounds with an immune-oriented focus, as well as the study of the mechanisms of immunotropic action of the plant adaptogens used to restore and strengthen the immune system in athletes after intense physical exertion is a priority area of the research in sports medicine. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect intragastric administration of ginseng root extract (GRE) (ginsenosides) on immunity and regulation of energy metabolism in rats after exhausting physical exercise (EPE). Material and methods. The study was conducted on 5 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of ≈250 g. Animals of the control (the 1st) and experimental groups were placed on a treadmill for 20 min 3 times a week for 2 weeks, after the training was completed, an EPE test was performed (except for the control). 30 min before the training and EPE, rats of groups 3-5 were intragastrically administered GRE in physiological solution at doses of 2.7, 13.5 and 27.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight in terms of ginsenosides, respectively; animals of groups 1 and 2 - physiological solution. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment within 30 min after the cessation of EPE. Expression of CD45R, CD3, CD4, CD8a, CD161 receptors on rat peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by direct immunofluorescence staining of whole blood cells using a panel of monoclonal antibodies on an FC-500 flow cytometer. A basic commercial kit was used to determine the levels of cytokines: interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), hormones leptin and ghrelin. Measurements were performed on a Luminex 200 multiplex analyzer using xMAP (multianalyte profiling) technology and Luminex xPONENT Version 3.1 software. Results. EPE in rats caused changes in the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations, manifested in an increase in the relative content of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood with a decrease in the immunoregulatory index (СD4+/CD8+). Increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-α) found in group 2 rats after EPE indicate the presence of inflammatory processes in damaged organs and tissues, including skeletal muscles. Intragastric administration of ginseng root extract to rats had a dose-dependent protective effect, as evidenced by normalization of the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations, a decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in the activity of Treg (regulatory T-lymphocytes) and Th2 (T-helpers type 2) with an increase in the production of IL-10 and IL-4, positive modulation of the IL-10/ IL-17A ratio and restoration of the overall cytokine profile to control values. Ginseng root extract also has a positive effect on energy metabolism, in which regulation leptin and ghrelin participate. Administration of the maximum dose of ginseng root extract (27 mg/kg body weight) to rats induced ac

寻找以免疫为导向的新生物活性化合物，以及研究植物适应原的免疫作用机制，用于恢复和加强运动员在剧烈运动后的免疫系统，是运动医学研究的重点领域。本研究旨在探讨人参根提取物（GRE）（人参皂苷）灌胃对大鼠疲劳体育锻炼（EPE）后免疫及能量代谢调节的影响。材料和方法。实验选用5组初始体重≈250 g的雄性Wistar大鼠。对照组（第1组）和试验组每周3次，每次20分钟，连续2周，训练结束后进行EPE测试（对照组除外）。在训练和EPE前30 min， 3-5组大鼠分别以2.7、13.5和27.0 mg / 1 kg体重的人参皂苷剂量在生理溶液中灌胃GRE；第1组和第2组动物生理溶液。EPE停止后30 min内动物退出实验。用FC-500流式细胞仪用单克隆抗体对全血细胞进行直接免疫荧光染色，检测大鼠外周血淋巴细胞上CD45R、CD3、CD4、CD8a、CD161受体的表达。使用基本的商用试剂盒检测细胞因子：干扰素γ (IFN-γ)、白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17A和肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、激素瘦素和胃饥饿素的水平。测量在Luminex 200多路分析仪上进行，使用xMAP（多分析物分析）技术和Luminex xPONENT Version 3.1软件。结果。EPE引起大鼠淋巴细胞亚群组成的改变，表现为外周血CD8+细胞毒性淋巴细胞相对含量增加，免疫调节指数（СD4+/CD8+）降低。EPE后，2组大鼠血浆中促炎细胞因子（IL-17A和TNF-α）水平升高，表明受损器官和组织（包括骨骼肌）存在炎症过程。大鼠灌胃人参根提取物具有剂量依赖性的保护作用，其证据包括淋巴细胞亚群组成的正常化，促炎细胞因子水平的降低，Treg（调节性t淋巴细胞）和Th2 （t辅助型2）活性的增加，IL-10和IL-4的产生增加，IL-10/ IL-17A比率的正向调节以及整体细胞因子谱恢复到控制值。人参根提取物对能量代谢也有积极作用，其中调节瘦素和胃饥饿素参与。给大鼠最大剂量人参根提取物（27 mg/kg体重）诱导先天免疫激活，外周血中NK和NKT细胞的相对含量增加。结论。本研究结果证实了人参皂苷对EPE后Wistar大鼠免疫状态和能量代谢的调节和正常化作用，为其在人类过度运动应激情境中的应用提供了前景。

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引用次数: 0

[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal diseases - a consequence or a cause of progression?] 胃肠道疾病中的小肠细菌过度生长——是疾病发展的结果还是原因？]

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-5-17

M V Chernogorova, E A Medvedeva, G L Yurenev, G G Maryin, T E Tomenko

The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is increasing worldwide, especially in countries with high rates of urbanization. The growth of pathogenic and/or opportunistic bacteria in the small intestine can cause clinical symptoms and digestive and absorption disorders. The aim of the review was to analyze available literature on SIBO in various gastrointestinal pathologies. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted for the last 10 years using the library platforms PubMed, Medscape by keywords: "small intestinal bacterial overgrowth", "SIBO". A total of 1112 scientific papers were found, of which 124 English-language and 28 Russian-language publications were subject to analysis. Of these, 41 articles (including 5 Russian-language ones) corresponding to the topic of this review were included in the review. Results. The article presents data reflecting the pathophysiology and factors contributing to the development of SIBO. It is shown that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a number of organic and functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are closely associated with SIBO. The features of the pathogenesis of SIBO in gastrointestinal diseases (IBS, IBD, functional dyspepsia, celiac disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, etc.) and its influence on the course of gastrointestinal pathology are described. Conclusion. It is impossible to unambiguously assess the influence that SIBO and various types of gastrointestinal pathology have on each other, since, on the one hand, SIBO can develop as a result of gastrointestinal diseases, and on the other hand, it can serve a predictor of the deterioration of these diseases. Most likely, we are talking about the emergence of a vicious circle, to break which it is necessary to eradicate the microorganisms that cause SIBO. This can be achieved both through drug treatment and by adjusting the diet of patients. An important element of non-specific prevention of SIBO is also timely rational treatment of gastrointestinal diseases that contribute to the development of this syndrome.

在世界范围内，尤其是在城市化率高的国家，小肠细菌过度生长（SIBO）的患病率正在上升。致病性和/或机会性细菌在小肠内的生长可引起临床症状和消化吸收障碍。本综述的目的是分析关于SIBO在各种胃肠道疾病中的现有文献。材料和方法。通过图书馆平台PubMed、Medscape检索近10年的文献，检索关键词：“小肠细菌过度生长”、“SIBO”。共发现1112篇科学论文，其中124篇英文出版物和28篇俄语出版物进行了分析。其中，与本次综述主题相对应的41篇文献（含5篇俄文文献）被纳入综述。结果。本文介绍了反映SIBO发展的病理生理和因素的数据。研究表明，肠易激综合征（IBS）、炎症性肠病（IBD）和许多胃肠道器质性和功能性疾病（GIT）与SIBO密切相关。阐述了SIBO在胃肠道疾病（IBS、IBD、功能性消化不良、乳糜泻、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、慢性胰腺炎等）中的发病特点及其对胃肠道病理进程的影响。结论。不可能明确地评估SIBO和各种胃肠道病理相互之间的影响，因为，一方面，SIBO可以作为胃肠道疾病的结果发展，另一方面，它可以作为这些疾病恶化的预测因子。最有可能的是，我们正在谈论一个恶性循环的出现，要打破这个恶性循环，就必须根除导致SIBO的微生物。这可以通过药物治疗和调整患者的饮食来实现。SIBO非特异性预防的一个重要因素是及时合理地治疗导致该综合征发展的胃肠道疾病。

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引用次数: 0

[Main milestones in the development of nutrition science (on the 95th anniversary of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology and the anniversary of the journal Voprosy Pitaniia)]. 【营养科学发展的主要里程碑（联邦营养与生物技术研究中心成立95周年和《Voprosy Pitaniia》杂志创刊95周年）】。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-6-26

V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk

This year marks the 95th anniversary of the Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (formerly the Institute of Nutrition) and the 93rd anniversary of the founding of the journal "Voprosy Pitaniia". The main areas of activity were the study of the chemical composition of the diet, the nutritional epidemiology in various groups of the Russian population (children, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly, athletes), food and noval food safety, as well as the development of therapeutic diets for various diseases and food for special dietary uses for different groups of the population. Throughout all these years, the latest scientific achievements of the Institute's staff and other outstanding specialists in the field of optimal and therapeutic nutrition have been published in the journal "Voprosy Pitaniia".

今年是营养、生物技术和食品安全联邦研究中心（前身为营养研究所）成立95周年，也是《Voprosy Pitaniia》杂志创刊93周年。主要活动领域是研究饮食的化学成分、俄罗斯人口各群体（儿童、孕妇和哺乳期妇女、老年人、运动员）的营养流行病学、食品和新食品安全，以及开发治疗各种疾病的饮食和为不同人口群体提供特殊饮食用途的食品。这些年来，研究所工作人员和其他杰出专家在最佳营养和治疗营养领域的最新科学成果已发表在《Voprosy Pitaniia》杂志上。

引用次数: 0

[The radiation decontamination detecting in commercial spices marketed in Russia: interpreting the spectra of electron paramagnetic resonance]. [俄罗斯市场上商品香料的辐射去污检测：电子顺磁共振光谱的解释]。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-6-58-68

D I Titova, I M Medzhidov, V A Kharlamov

To increase shelf life and reduce microbial contamination, spices, widely used for a variety of purposes (coloring and preserving agents, flavor enhancers), are regularly subjected to radiation decontamination before subsequent sale and use by consumers. Although spices are consumed only in small amounts, it's important to note that they are added to a wide variety of foods, including ready-to-eat ones. Therefore, assessing the spice radiation decontamination fact of spices is relevant. The aim of the study was to apply electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra to identify the fact of radiation decontamination of finished foods (spices), to assess the signal intensity varies depending on the absorbed dose and attenuation kinetics of the spectra signal over time.

Material and methods: Samples of dry spices (ginger, ground cinnamon, and turmeric) were irradiated with 60Со ɣ-rays at absorbed doses of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 kGy. For the irradiated and control samples, spectra were recorded on an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer and signals were detected. Spectra were recorded immediately after irradiation and after 7, 14, 28, 90, 180 and 270 days.

Results: The G-factor was 2.0042 for all spice spectra, indicating the carbon-containing radicals' presence. The EPR signal intensity increased with radiation dose elevation, confirming raise in the level of the presented paramagnetic centers. After 1-10 kGy radiation treatment, the signal intensity increased by 87-527% for ginger, by 110-657% for ground cinnamon and by 252-826% for turmeric. The kinetics of signal attenuation demonstrated a significant decrease in intensity during the first 14 days after irradiation of all the tested spices, with subsequent slower attenuation over the next 9 months. The signal intensity attenuation was maximal in the first 7 days for ginger (37-60%), for ground cinnamon (48-72%), as for turmeric (47-71%).

Conclusion: After the γ-radiation treatment of the spices, oxidative processes occur and free radicals were formed, as indicated by the recorded EPR signals. Irradiated samples were clearly differed from control, allowing for the separation of radiationtreated samples from untreated. Treatments at 1-10 kGy could been differentiated based on the signal's intensity. EPR spectra assessment can be used to determine the fact of radiation treatment and, therefore, for radiation monitoring on the Russian consumer market for mono-component spices.

为了延长保质期和减少微生物污染，广泛用于各种用途的香料（着色剂和保鲜剂、风味增强剂）在随后的销售和消费者使用之前经常进行辐射净化。虽然香料只被少量食用，但重要的是要注意，它们被添加到各种各样的食物中，包括即食食品。因此，对香料的辐射去污事实进行评估是有意义的。本研究的目的是应用电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱来识别成品食品（香料）的辐射去污事实，评估信号强度随吸收剂量和光谱信号随时间衰减动力学的变化。材料和方法：将干香料（生姜、肉桂粉和姜黄）样品用60Со γ射线照射，吸收剂量分别为1、3、5、7和10 kGy。对辐照样品和对照样品，在电子顺磁共振光谱仪上记录光谱并检测信号。分别记录辐照后第7、14、28、90、180和270天的光谱。结果：各香料光谱的g因子为2.0042，表明含碳自由基的存在。EPR信号强度随辐射剂量的增加而增加，证实了呈现的顺磁中心水平升高。经1 ~ 10 kGy辐照后，生姜、肉桂和姜黄的信号强度分别增加了87 ~ 527%、110 ~ 657%和252 ~ 826%。信号衰减动力学表明，在所有香料辐照后的前14天内，信号强度显著下降，随后在接下来的9个月内衰减缓慢。信号强度衰减在前7 d最大，生姜（37 ~ 60%），肉桂（48 ~ 72%），姜黄（47 ~ 71%）。结论：香料经γ辐射处理后，EPR信号显示氧化过程发生，自由基形成。辐照样品与对照明显不同，从而可以将辐照处理过的样品与未处理过的样品分开。根据信号强度可区分1 ~ 10 kGy处理。EPR光谱评估可用于确定辐射处理的事实，因此可用于俄罗斯单一成分香料消费市场的辐射监测。

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引用次数: 0

[Hygienic assessment of the levels of β-cryptoxanthine intake from food sources]. [从食物中摄取β-隐黄嘌呤水平的卫生评估]。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-52-60

E V Kirpichenkova, A A Korolev, E I Nikitenko, E L Denisova, E A Fanda, G G Onishchenko

β-Cryptoxanthin, along with β-carotene and α-carotene, is a precursor to vitamin A, which plays an important physiological role in the body. β-Cryptoxanthin is found in significant amounts in a limited number of dietary sources. The highest levels of β-cryptoxanthin are found in yellow, orange and red vegetables and fruit (persimmons, papaya, sweet peppers, tangerines, corn, peaches, oranges, etc.). The aim of this study was to perform a hygienic assessment of β-cryptoxanthin intake levels, identify its main food sources in young adults in the summer-autumn period. Material and methods. An online questionnaire was developed to establish β-cryptoxanthin intake levels from dietary sources. The questionnaire contained a list of products containing β-cryptoxanthin and common in the Russian food market. Respondents indicated the portion of food consumed the day before the survey. Data collection was carried during the period from June to October 2023. The study involved 214 respondents (173 women and 41 men) aged 18-35 years (mean age 23.4±5.2 years). Results. The average β-cryptoxanthin intake was 0.58±0.63 (Me=0.21 [0.03; 0.66]) mg/ day. At the same time, only 15.4% of respondents had an intake more than 1.0 mg/day, which was ensured both by a variety of food sources in the diet (from 3 to 6 items) and by inclusion individual products with high content of β-cryptoxanthin. The preferred sources of β-cryptoxanthin for the majority of respondents in groups with high dietary levels (more than 1.5 mg/day) were sweet red peppers, peaches, watermelon, tangerines and orange juice. In groups with low and minimal levels of β-cryptoxanthin (less than 1.0 mg/day), along with the indicated products, its intake was due to the consumption of red pepper and paprika spices, dried cilantro, yellow and green sweet peppers, hot pepper sauce, canned jalapeno peppers, corn, oranges, apricots, nectarines, plums, peach and watermelon juices, canned peaches, dried papaya, potato chips. Despite the diversity of dietary sources, low and minimal levels of β-cryptoxanthin intake were due to both insufficient intake and selection of foods with low β-cryptoxanthin content per serving. Conclusion. In 15.4% of respondents, the daily intake of β-cryptoxanthin was more than 1.0 mg/day, in 65.4% of respondents it was less than 1.0 mg/day, and in 19.2% of participants there were no sources of β-cryptoxanthin in the diet. More often than others, sweet red pepper, orange juice, and paprika and red pepper spices were present in the diet of respondents, regardless of the level of β-cryptoxanthin intake, but their contribution to the intake of β-cryptoxanthin was determined by the volume of a single serving, and therefore spices cannot be considered priority sources.

β-隐黄质与β-胡萝卜素和α-胡萝卜素是维生素a的前体，维生素a在人体中起着重要的生理作用。β-隐黄质在有限的膳食来源中含量显著。β-隐黄质含量最高的是黄色、橙色和红色的蔬菜和水果（柿子、木瓜、甜椒、橘子、玉米、桃子、橙子等）。本研究的目的是进行β-隐黄质摄入水平的卫生评估，确定其在夏秋期间的主要食物来源的年轻人。材料和方法。开发了一份在线问卷，以确定从饮食来源摄入β-隐黄质的水平。问卷中列出了俄罗斯食品市场上常见的含有β-隐黄质的产品清单。受访者指出了调查前一天所消耗的食物比例。数据收集时间为2023年6月至10月。该研究涉及214名受访者（173名女性，41名男性），年龄18-35岁（平均23.4±5.2岁）。结果。β-隐黄质平均摄入量为0.58±0.63 (Me=0.21 [0.03；0.66])毫克/天。同时，只有15.4%的受访者的摄入量超过1.0毫克/天，这是通过饮食中的各种食物来源（从3到6种）和包含高含量β-隐黄质的个别产品来保证的。对于饮食水平高（超过1.5毫克/天）的大多数受访者来说，β-隐黄质的首选来源是甜红辣椒、桃子、西瓜、橘子和橙汁。在β-隐黄质含量较低和最低的人群中（少于1.0毫克/天），以及指定的产品，其摄入量是由于食用红辣椒和红辣椒香料，干香菜，黄甜椒和绿甜椒，辣椒酱，罐装墨西哥胡椒，玉米，橙子，杏，油桃，李子，桃子和西瓜汁，罐装桃子，干木瓜，薯片。尽管饮食来源多种多样，但β-隐黄质摄入量低和极低水平是由于摄入不足和选择了每份β-隐黄质含量低的食物。结论。在15.4%的受访者中，β-隐黄质的每日摄入量超过1.0 mg/天，65.4%的受访者少于1.0 mg/天，19.2%的参与者在饮食中没有β-隐黄质的来源。与其他香料相比，甜红辣椒、橙汁、辣椒粉和红辣椒香料更常出现在受访者的饮食中，而不考虑β-隐黄质摄入量的水平，但它们对β-隐黄质摄入量的贡献是由单次食用的量决定的，因此香料不能被视为优先来源。

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引用次数: 0

[Application of nonparametric methods of planning multifactorial analysis in the study of the dose-dependent effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on fatty acids in erythrocyte in patients with atopic dermatitis]. [非参数规划多因素分析方法在研究多不饱和脂肪酸摄入对特应性皮炎患者红细胞脂肪酸剂量依赖性的应用]。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-83-90

N A Tarmaeva, V A Revyakina, V V Bessonov, M A Makarenko, A N Timonin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic skin diseases, which is a serious medical and social problem and requires an integrated approach to treatment and prevention due to its high prevalence and tendency to progressive course in most patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the dose-dependent effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in AD patients using nonparametric multifactorial analysis. Material and methods. The study included 65 patients (aged 18 to 59 years) with AD of varying severity (28 moderate and 37 severe). For 30 days, patients received ω-3 PUFAs in addition to the main diet: 19 patients - with 3.6 g of fish oil (200 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid), 46 patients - with 0.72 g of fish oil. Erythrocyte fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography with flame-ionisation detection (GC-FID). There were used nonparametric methods of multifactor planning. The main methods of this study were: the Kruskal-Wallace criterion (H-criterion), as well as the Fisher z-transformation of dependent variables. Results. Significant differences in the content of some fatty acids in erythrocytes were revealed between the groups. In the group with the 2:1 ratio, a statistically significant decrease in the content of saturated (6:0, 8:0, 10:0, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0), monounsaturated fatty acids (15:1 10-cis, 16:1 9-cis, 17:0, 17:1, 18:1 trans, 22:1 13-cis), ω-3 PUFA (18:3 ω-3 all cis 9,12,15) and elaidic acid (18:2 9-cis, 12-trans) was noted compared to the 10:1 group. In the 2:1 group, there was an increase in the content of 20:1 11-cis and 22:6 ω-3 all cis 4,7,10,13,16,19. Three-way analysis of the data showed significant changes in the fatty acid profile depending on the severity of AD, mainly in patients with a severe course, characterized by both a decrease (15:1 10-cis, 16:1 9-cis, 17:1, 18:2 9-cis, 12 trans, 18:3 ω-3, 22:6 ω-3) and an increase (8:0, 10:0, 17:0, 22:1 13-cis) of certain fatty acids. In women with AD, a decrease in the level of short-chain saturated fatty acids (6:0, 8:0, 10:0) was found. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that PUFA intake positively affects the lipid profile of red blood cells in patients with AD. The identified changes may be associated with a potential impact on the course of the disease, but further studies, including an assessment of the AD clinical manifestations and long-term observations, are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

特应性皮炎（AD）是最常见的慢性皮肤病之一，是一个严重的医学和社会问题，由于其在大多数患者中发病率高且有进展趋势，需要综合治疗和预防。本研究的目的是利用非参数多因子分析分析多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入对AD患者红细胞脂肪酸组成的剂量依赖性影响。材料和方法。该研究包括65名患有不同严重程度AD的患者（年龄在18至59岁之间）（28名中度和37名重度）。在30天的时间里，患者除了主要饮食外还接受ω-3 PUFAs: 19名患者服用3.6克鱼油（200毫克二十碳五烯酸和240毫克二十二碳六烯酸），46名患者服用0.72克鱼油。采用气相色谱-火焰电离检测法（GC-FID）测定红细胞脂肪酸。采用非参数方法进行多因素规划。本研究的主要方法有：Kruskal-Wallace判据（h判据）和因变量的Fisher z变换。结果。红细胞中某些脂肪酸的含量在两组之间有显著差异。在比例为2:1的组中，饱和脂肪酸（6:0,8:0,10:0,20:0,22:0,24:0），单不饱和脂肪酸（15:1 10-顺式，16:1 9-顺式，17:0,17:1,18:1反式，22:1 13-顺式），ω-3 PUFA （18:3 ω-3全顺式9,12,15）和elaidic酸（18:2 9-顺式，12 -反式）的含量与10:1组相比有统计学意义的降低。在2:1组中，20:1 11-cis和22:6 ω-3所有cis 4,7,10,13,16,19的含量增加。数据的三方分析显示，脂肪酸谱随AD严重程度的变化显著，主要发生在病程严重的患者中，其特征是某些脂肪酸的减少（15:1 10-顺式，16:1 9-顺式，17:1,18:2 9-顺式，12反式，18:3 ω- 3,22:6 ω-3）和增加（8:0,10:0,17:0,22:1 13-顺式）。在患有AD的女性中，发现短链饱和脂肪酸水平降低（6:0,8:0,10:0）。结论。所获得的结果表明，摄入PUFA对AD患者的红细胞脂质谱有积极影响。确定的变化可能与对疾病进程的潜在影响有关，但需要进一步的研究，包括对AD临床表现的评估和长期观察，来证实这一假设。

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引用次数: 0

[Protective action of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis and immune response in rats after exhausting physical exercise. Part I. Effect of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis in rats' gastrocnemius muscle]. 人参根提取物对运动性疲劳大鼠肌原纤维凋亡及免疫反应的保护作用。第一部分人参根提取物对大鼠腓肠肌肌原纤维凋亡的影响。

Q2 Medicine

Voprosy pitaniia

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-110-117

E N Trushina, O K Mustafina, I V Aksenov, A G Krasutsky, V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk

Intense psychophysical loads in athletes are the pathogenetic basis for the development of immune dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress and activation of the process of apoptosis of cells in various organs and tissues, including myofibrils of skeletal muscles. Adaptogens of plant origin, including bioactive compounds (BAC) of ginseng, have long been used by professional athletes to enhance the body's resistance to stress and improve physical performance. All mechanisms of the adaptogenic effect of ginseng BAS have not been established yet. Of particular relevance is the issue of the effect of ginseng BAC on the damaged structure of skeletal muscle myofibrils and the activity of their regeneration after intense physical exertion in athletes. The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of intragastric administration of the ginseng root extract (ginsenosides) on the apoptosis of myofibrils in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats after exhausting physical exercise (EPE). Material and methods. The study was conducted on 5 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of ≈250 g. The rats received a complete semi-synthetic diet and water ad libitum. After the preparatory stage (1 week of quarantine and 1 week of acclimation to the treadmill), animals of the control (the 1st) and experimental (the 2, 3, 4 and 5th) groups were placed on a treadmill for 2 weeks (3 times a week) according to the training program (running duration - 20 min, speed 25 cm/s, treadmill inclination angle 10o), after the completion of which (except for the control group) a test for EPE was carried out. Thirty minutes before the start of training and EPE, rats of experimental groups 3-5 were intragastrically administered ginseng root extract (GRE) in saline in doses: 2.7 (group 3), 13.5 (group 4), and 27.0 (group 5) mg per kg body weight in terms of ginsenosides; animals of groups 1 and 2 were given saline. Within 30 minutes after EPE cessation, rats were withdrawn from the experiment by decapitation, followed by collection of a sample of the gastrocnemius muscle. The intensity of apoptosis of gastrocnemius muscle myofibrils was studied on the day of slaughter by the flow cytometry method. Myofibrils were stained with annexin V conjugated with fluorochrome and 7-aminoactinomycin vital dye with subsequent detection on an FC-500 flow cytometer. Results. EPE in rats of the 2nd group lead to a decrease in the relative content of intact (live) myofibrils of the gastrocnemius muscle (80.51±1.41 vs 88.39±1.04% in the control, p<0.05) and an increase in the proportion of myofibrils in apoptosis (20.06±1.62 vs 11.16±1.14% in the control, p<0.05). Intragastric administration of GRE provided positive dynamics (p<0.05) of an increase in the relative content of intact myofibrils in rats of the 4th and 5th groups (85.75±1.22 and 84.60±1.11% respectively) compared with the indicator in rats of the 2nd group that didn't receive GRE. The total n

运动员高强度的心理物理负荷是导致免疫功能障碍、激素失衡、氧化应激和包括骨骼肌肌原纤维在内的各器官组织细胞凋亡过程激活的发病基础。植物来源的适应原，包括人参的生物活性化合物（BAC），长期以来一直被专业运动员用于增强身体对压力的抵抗力和提高身体表现。人参BAS的适应原作用机制尚未完全确定。特别相关的是人参BAC对运动员在剧烈运动后骨骼肌肌原纤维受损结构及其再生活动的影响。本研究旨在探讨人参根提取物（人参皂苷）灌胃对大鼠疲劳体育锻炼（EPE）后腓肠肌肌原纤维凋亡的影响。材料和方法。实验选用5组初始体重≈250 g的雄性Wistar大鼠。大鼠接受完全的半合成饮食和随意饮水。在准备阶段（隔离1周，跑步机适应1周）结束后，对照组（第1组）和实验组（第2、3、4、5组）按训练计划（跑步时间- 20分钟，速度25 cm/s，跑步机倾角100°）在跑步机上训练2周（每周3次），训练结束后（对照组除外）进行EPE测试。实验3 ~ 5组大鼠在训练和EPE开始前30分钟，以人参皂苷含量为2.7（3组）、13.5（4组）、27.0（5组）mg / kg体重灌胃人参根提取物（GRE）；1、2组灌胃生理盐水。在EPE停止后30分钟内，通过斩首大鼠退出实验，然后收集腓肠肌样本。采用流式细胞术研究屠宰当日腓肠肌肌原纤维的凋亡强度。用膜联蛋白V结合荧光染料和7-氨基放线菌素活性染料对肌原纤维进行染色，随后在FC-500流式细胞仪上进行检测。结果。第二组大鼠EPE导致腓肠肌完整（活）肌原纤维相对含量降低（80.51±1.41），对照组为88.39±1.04%。在大鼠EPE模型上证实了GRE BAC对骨骼肌肌原纤维的剂量依赖性抗凋亡作用。最显著的效果是每日剂量为13.5 mg/kg体重（人参皂苷）的GRE给药。当使用最小和最大剂量（2.7和27 mg/kg体重）时，与对照组相比，肌原纤维的凋亡比例仍然升高。因此，本研究证实了人参BAC的适应原作用的机制之一是降低EPE诱导的骨骼肌肌原纤维的凋亡活性。

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