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In the Russian Federation, ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of state policy, which is reflected in the national Food Security Doctrine, which declares the need not only to control products for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union, but also to harmonize food quality and safety standards with international ones. The purpose of the work was to identify priorities for the development or revision of characteristics and parameters of food safety and quality in the Russian Federation, taking into account global trends. Material and methods. The comparative analysis of the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union, documents of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, Codex Alimentarius, national and international databases on the toxicity and danger of chemicals has been carried out. As part of the study, a search of literature for the last 8 years was performed using Elsevier, eLIBRARY, PubMed bibliographic platforms. Results. Traditionally, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) is most concerned about the regulation of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and chemicals entering food as a result of technological processes. The management of the danger and risk of exposure to contaminants in food is based on the establishment and updating of hygienic standards, including the maximum permissible levels of residual content, (temporary) permissible daily doses of consumption, permissible levels of migration from containers and packaging, prohibition and (or) restriction of the use of highly hazardous chemicals, their replacement with safer alternatives, changing technological processes. Conclusion. A comparative analysis showed that despite the active actions of Rospotrebnadzor to develop new standards, hygienic regulations and guidelines for the control of contaminants, harmonization with international requirements is needed in a number of areas based on fundamental research in the field of hygiene and nutrition science. The standards for the permissible lead content in food and the maximum permissible levels of residual amounts of a number of pesticides in agricultural crops require updating. In addition, activities under the Rotterdam Convention's prior informed consent procedure indicate the need for timely and relevant decisions on the prohibition or restriction of particularly hazardous chemicals and pesticides.

The academic demands and lifestyle of university students contribute to the development of stress, anxiety, and depression, with micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin D insufficiency, among the contributing risk factors. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D status on anxiety and depression in students by season.

Material and methods: A study was conducted in September-October (n=100, including 64 girls and 36 boys) and April-May (n=94, including 70 girls and 24 boys) among students of 1st-5th years. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), with scores ≤7 indicating no clinically significant symptoms, 8-10 - subclinical symptoms, and ≥11 - clinically significant symptoms. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured using ELISA.

Results: Anxiety and depression were recorded in 25.0 and 11.0% of students in autumn, increasing to 50.0 and 29.8% in spring, respectively. In spring, the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety (from 6.0±2.5 to 25.5±4.5%, p=0.001) and subclinical depression (from 9.0±3.0 to 24.5±4.3%, p=0.001) rose. Median 25(OH)D level was 1.9-fold lower in spring than in autumn (10.16 [8.02; 13.85] vs 19.16 [16.41; 22.90] ng/ml, р<0.001) with no significant gender differences. The prevalence of severe deficiency increased 9.6-fold in spring, while insufficiency decreased 4.9-fold. In spring, the proportion of students with severe vitamin D deficiency increased from 8.4±3.5 to 54.2±6.7% among males and from 3.1±1.8 to 45.7±7.4% among females, while the prevalence of insufficiency decreased from 33.3±8.1 to 8.4±4.5% and from 37.5±7.9 to 7.1±3.6%, respectively. The correlation between vitamin D status and anxiety scores increased from weak to moderate (r =-0.39 to -0.56), and between vitamin D status and depression scores from very weak to moderate (r =-0.22 to -0.52); all correlations were statistically significant, supporting the role of vitamin D status in the development of these conditions.

Conclusion: These findings support the implementation of biochemical screening to identify students with low vitamin D status and the initiation of supplementation at the beginning of the academic year.

Fruit juices and nectars are an integral part of the diet of the Russian population, especially children. Being a source of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and dietary fibers, at the same time fruit and berries are a good substrate for the development of mold fungi capable of producing secondary metabolites with toxic and even carcinogenic properties - mycotoxins, which pose a real danger to human health. The aim of the research was studying of the nature of mycotoxins' contamination of fruit juices based on apples and grapes sold in the Russian market.

Material and methods: The content of 31 mycotoxins in 49 samples of fruit juices marketed in Moscow and Moscow region was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometric detection.

Results: Screening studies of fruit juices based on apples and grapes for mycotoxin content were carried out. The results obtained by multidetection method indicate the detection of at least one mycotoxin at relatively low levels in 39 samples; two or more mycotoxins - in 26 out of 49 tested samples. The spectrum of toxins found differed depending on the type of juice. Tenuazonic acid, mycophenolic acid, toxins T-2, HT-2 and alternariol were found more frequently. The detection of toxins (fumonisins, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin, deoxynivalenol and patulin) at low levels of contamination, including in juice samples intended for children's nutrition, indicates the relatively low quality of fruit and berry raw materials used.

Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the need to revise the technical requirements for fruit and berry raw materials in juice production industry. This is primarily necessary to prevent the inclusion of moldy and spoilage-prone fruit and berries, as well as to strengthen simultaneously control over product quality and safety, especially during storage and transportation intended for juice manufacturing.

Modern professional sports activities are characterized by high training and competitive loads, which are a factor affecting bone metabolism and leading to an increase in injuries, including due to osteoporotic disorders. Nutrition can be classified as a modifiable factor that determines the development and maintenance of bone mass and quality. Correction of athlete's nutrition is an important mechanism aimed at preventing disorders of bone metabolism in elite sports in order to reduce the risk of injuries of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the research was to analyze modern scientific publications devoted to the influence of the diet of adult athletes over 18 years of age on the maintenance of bone metabolism. Material and methods. The review is based on publications from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, eLIBRARY databases. Preference was given to international recommendations published over the past 10 years in refereed sources. Results. The review presents current data on the role of nutrition in maintaining the quantity and quality of bone mass, given that the process of skeletal formation requires an adequate and constant supply of macro- and micronutrients: protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, zinc, iron, vitamins A, C, K, E, B vitamins, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. An important place is given to nutrition balanced in macronutrient composition, designed taking into account energy needs that increase with intense physical activity, which is especially important given the negative impact of limited energy intake on bone metabolism, up to the development of osteoporosis. It is recommended to evaluate the athlete's diet to determine whether he or she is consuming sufficient amounts of essential nutrients that have a positive effect on bone metabolism, taking into account systematic physical activity. If necessary, it is recommended to introduce fortified foods and dietary supplements into the athletes' diet to increase its nutritional value. Conclusion. A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and trace elements, aimed at preventing a de crease in bone mineral density, is necessary for an athlete throughout the entire period of professional activity, in some cases in combination with vitamin D, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus intake.

Polyphenols such as rutin (RUT), quercetin (KVC) and tras-cinnamic acid (TKR-k) are sought-after components of dietary supplements and functional foods for the prevention of metabolic diseases due to their bioactivity. Studies devoted to the evaluation of the complex effect of mixtures of these polyphenols are very few. The aim of this research was to evaluate mixtures consisting of different amounts of RUT, KVC and TKR-k isolated from plant cells in vitro, to exhibit hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic potential in vivo.

Material and methods: The objects of the study were mixtures of bioactive compounds (mixture No. 1 - RUT : KVC : TKR-k in a weight ratio of 1:1:1; mixture No. 2 - in a weight ratio of 2:1:1; mixture No. 3 - in a weight ratio of 1:2:1; mixture No. 4 - in a weight ratio of 1:1:2). To determine hypoglycemic activity, Wistar rats weighing 250±15 g were used as a model organism. After 12 hours of fasting, they were orally administered a mixture of bioactive compounds (100 mg/kg body weight), and then, 1 hour later, they were orally given glucose at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Then, after 30 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 6 hours, blood plasma glucose and total cholesterol (TC) levels were estimated. To determine hypocholesterolemic activity, C57Bl/6 mice were used, which were orally administered a mixture of bioactive compounds (100 mg/kg body weight) daily for 14 days, and hypocholesterolemia was created using poloxamer P407 (three times a week intraperitoneally at a dose of 400 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, blood plasma levels of glucose, TC, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides were estimated.

Results: In the hypoglycemic load experiment, mixture No. 3 reduced blood glucose level (р<0.05). In the hypocholesterolemic load experiment, all mixtures reduced blood glucose levels (р<0.10). Only mixture No. 4 caused a reliable decrease in the level of TC (2 fold lower compared to the control group, р<0.01) and LDL (1.72 times lower compared to the control group, р<0.10).

Conclusion: The relationship between the ratio of bioactive compounds in mixtures and their activity has not been established. According to in vivo experiments, it is advisable to use mixture No. 3 to normalize glucose levels, and mixture No. 4 to normalize glucose and cholesterol levels.

The federal project «Strengthening public Health» of the national project «Demography» was implemented in 2018-2024, an essential part of which was the organization and implementation of educational training (enlightenment) programs on healthy nutrition for various population groups. Omsk region has become one of the first five pilot Russian regions in this area, thanks to which some experience has been accumulated to solve an urgent scientific and practical task - assessing the effectiveness of educational measures, changes in the level of knowledge and skills in the field of healthy nutrition. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs on healthy nutrition in the Omsk region in 2018-2023.

Material and methods: The study was conducted in the design of an epidemiological study of the «before-after» type on representative samples formed in 2018 (n=241) and in 2023 (n=506) from the general adult population. The level of knowledge and skills of applying the principles of healthy eating was assessed based on the results of data analysis obtained by a sociological survey.

Results: The positive changes that indicate the effectiveness of educational programs among the population of the region include an increase in knowledge about the structure of a healthy diet and the formation of practices in the field of healthy nutrition. The majority of respondents believe that vegetables, fruits and grain products should prevail in the diet structure (an increase from 46.9±3.1% of respondents in 2018 to 57.7±2.1% in 2023, p>0.05), it is necessary to reduce salt consumption (an increase from 57.3±2.5% to 65.2±2.0%, p=0.045), and the predominant use of iodized salt is noted (from 46.1±3.1% in 2018 to 58.1±2.1% in 2023, p<0.001). The leading criterion for choosing food in 2023 was its quality, taste habits were in second place, nutritional value was in third, and knowledge of the product usefulness was in fourth place.

Conclusion: Against the background of activities within the framework of the implementation of training programs on healthy nutrition, the adult population of the region is developing ideas about the structure of a healthy diet. Although the media are the leading source of information for the general population, it should be noted that medical professionals have a significant influence on the formation of knowledge and ideas about healthy nutrition and their increasing role in this issue.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with excessive deposition of adipose tissue, accompanied by impaired organism metabolic functions and changes in the function of organs and systems. Childhood obesity is of particular concern, which in many cases turns into obesity in adults. The most common is simple (constitutionally exogenous, polygenic, idiopathic) obesity associated with excessive intake of calories in conditions of physical inactivity and hereditary predisposition. The purpose of the research was to analyze the literature data on the influence of external factors on the development of constitutionally exogenous obesity in children. Material and methods. 84 literature sources were analyzed, keyword (children, obesity, risk factors) searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, eLibrary, and Google Scholar databases. The preference was given to the sources compiled from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine with a high level of reliability and evidence (meta-analyses of cohort studies). Results. External risk factors for obesity development include 3 groups of factors: family and home environment factors (parents' attitude to breastfeeding, responsive, positiveemotion feeding while responding sensitively to the child's signals of hunger and satiety, fostering children's skills and culture of optimal, balanced nutrition, family traditions associated with sweet and salty foods and juices, portion sizes, fast or slow eating style, duration of screen time and sleep, sedentary lifestyle, exposure to secondhand smoke, psychosocial stress, depression, adverse childhood experiences, the use of medications associated with an increase in body weight, unfavorably altered intestinal microbiota), environmental factors (fast food outlets, an unfavorable school environment, lack of conditions for safe physical activity) and systemic and political factors (inequality of individual social groups regarding access to quality health services, education, safe food and water, which can lead to differences in health status, ranging from maternal pregnancy planning and outcomes to children's adolescence, marketing of high-calorie foods high in saturated fat, simple carbohydrates and table salt, and sugar-containing beverages aimed at children). Conclusion. Obesity is a disease characteristic of modern society, the occurrence and development of which can be influenced by all the listed external risk factors. However most of these factors are manageable. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the role of these external risk factors is necessary to develop adequate methods for obesity prevention and use them in clinical practice.