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Currently, there is an increase in gluten-associated diseases. The range of food for such patients is currently quite limited. In this regard, the development of new gluten-free products, including those popular among consumers of flour confectionery, is relevant. The purpose of the research was to develop a formulation and to evaluate the quality indicators of gluten-free biscuits intended for special dietary uses. Material and methods. To prepare prototypes of gluten-free biscuits, corn flour, green buckwheat, steamed buckwheat and rice flour were used instead of wheat flour of the highest grade, along with unsalted butter, salt, baking soda, and white sugar. The experimental products were evaluated according to organoleptic (on a five-point scale), physical and chemical (mass fraction of moisture, alkalinity, wetness) and sanitarymicrobiological parameters with calculation of nutritional and energy value. Results. When developing gluten-free biscuits for the formation of various flavor profiles, wheat flour was 100% replaced with gluten-free flour: corn, rice, steamed buckwheat and green buckwheat. According to the results of an organoleptic assessment and analysis of physical, chemical, microbiological parameters, biscuits with green buckwheat flour, as well as a mixture of corn and rice flour (1:1) were selected. The calculation of the nutritive value showed that one serving of the product (30 g) allows to cover the daily requirement for protein, fats and carbohydrates by 3.0-5.5%, dietary fiber - by about 3%. Despite the slightly increased content of micronutrients in the developed biscuits, they cannot serve as their significant source. Only biscuits with green buckwheat flour can cover the need for phosphorus, iron and vitamins B1 and PP by 5% or more in 1 serving. Conclusion. The developed biscuits with green buckwheat flour for special dietary uses for people with gluten intolerance can serve a source of such micronutrients as phosphorus, iron, vitamins B1 and PP.

The trend to the modern food industry's reorientation into the manufacturing of food with increased nutritional density, enriched, among other things, with complete protein, leads to the need to expand the raw material base and search for non-traditional protein sources, among which insects are considered to be a very promising resource. The insects species composition, the food use of which is approved in countries that previously had no tradition of using such raw materials, is represented by ubiquitous synanthropic organisms that have accompanied mankind for thousands of years - the mealybug (Tenebrio molitor), house cricket (A. domesticus) and others. In particular, A. domesticus belongs to polyphagous species that feed both plant and animal substrates, producing their own complete protein. Based on the results of our own research and analysis of literature data, the chemical composition of arthropods potentially used for food purposes requires careful control due to the possible risk of excessive content of mineral components. Both regulation of feed composition and feeding schedule of insects, taking into consideration their age and species affiliation, can be considered as risk management methods. The purpose of the research was the investigation of the influence of feeding schedule on the micronutrient (mineral) composition of house cricket A. domesticus biomass. Material and methods. The A. domesticus house cricket produced by ONTO LLC was used for this research. Elemental analysis of 8 insect samples was carried out. The content of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in insect biomass samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The element composition of cricket biomass (age of the 6th moult and adults) obtained under different feeding schedule was assessed from the view point of the possibility for using insects as a source of relevant mineral substances, for which the element content in biomass was compared with the norms of physiological requirements for humans. Results. In insect samples kept under conditions of stable feed supply, the content of calcium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese increased with insect growth, reaching a maximum level at the stage of the 6th moult and decreasing when the adult age was reached. At all stages of insect growth, incubation without food for 24 hours resulted in a 45% decrease in the content of copper and zinc, a 33% decrease in calcium and manganese, and a 15% decrease in iron. No effect of insect feeding schedule on the content of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and chromium, as well as lead and cadmium in biomass was revealed. Conclusion. House crickets can serve a source of minerals and trace elements in the human diet, and there is a risk of excessive intake of mineral elements when using raw materials from A. domesticus in food. In spite of the fact that the results of th

The creation of food for special dietary use designed to increase the resistance of the human immune system to viral infections is an vital section of modern nutrition science. Phycocyanins (PC) of the Arthrospira platensis food cyanobacterium possess potential immunomodulatory properties. The study of the possibility of using PC as oral immunostimulants and/or immunoadjuvants in vaccination scenarios is of significant interest. The purpose of this research was to study the ability of PC concentrate and PC complex with egg protein (Module) to influence the state of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in laboratory rodents - BALB/c mice on the developed model of attenuated vaccination with Sputnik-V. Material and methods. The experiment involved 34 male BALB/c mice with an initial body weight of 20.0±1.0 g at the age of 4-5 weeks. 5 groups were formed: "Control", "PC-200", "PC-420", "Module-200" and "Module-420". The PC concentrate and the Module were administered orally daily for 49 days at doses of 200 and 420 mg/kg body weight (in terms of PC). The Sputnik-V vaccine for the prevention of human SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection was administered to all animals on days 29 and 50. When studying the immunoadjuvant potential of PC concentrate and Module on days 49, 57, 64, 141 and 171, IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On days 28, 31 and 51, immunostimulating properties were evaluated by cytometry by means of immunophenotyping blood lymphocytes. At the end of the experiment, integral, hematological, and biochemical (blood serum) parameters were evaluated on day 190. Results. When evaluating the immunoadjuvant properties of PC concentrate and Module on day 64, a significant increase in IgG titers to 1/115 000 and 1/128 000 was observed in Module-200 and Module-420 groups, respectively. In the Module-200 group, on day 141, the concentration of antibodies was almost 2 fold higher than the control ones. From days 141 to 171, increased antibody titers were observed in all experimental groups compared with the control. When studying the immunostimulating properties of the surveyed objects on the 31st day of the experiment, an increase in the number of cytotoxic T-cell subpopulations by 29 and 42%, respectively, was found in the Module-200 and Module- 420 groups. At the end of the experiment, minor shifts in blood biochemical parameters were revealed, there were no changes in hematological parameters; an 11.7% increase in heart mass was found in the Module-420 group. Conclusion. The experiment demonstrated the presence of immunoadjuvant properties in PC concentrate and Module, especially expressed in the Module-200 group. The Module had immunostimulating effect on cell-mediated immunity. The manifestation of the Module effects, in contrast to the PC concentrate, is apparently due to its better stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment. Further studies of the secretory activ

The organization of optimal nutrition, including the use of specialized foodstuffs (SF) and dietary supplements, is an integral part of the medical support system for sports reserve training in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the existing market of SF intended for child athletes, analyze regulatory documents and promising components for the development of new SF formulations for young athletes, taking into account the special needs associated with growth, development and specifics of sports activities. Material and methods. The literature search was performed for the period 2000-2025 using the databases of RSCI, PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, by keywords: «specialized foodstuffs», «child athletes», «adolescent athletes», «nutrition», «food supplements», «sports nutrition market». Results. The global market for «sports nutrition» in 2024 amounted to 21.71 billion US dollars, and by 2032 growth is projected to more than double. At the same time, abroad there is no separate niche for SF intended for child athletes. In the Russian Federation, single SF and dietary supplements for children aged 11 and 14 have been developed, passed the state registration procedure and entered into the «FMBA Form» for athletes of the Olympic reserve. Due to the lack of a regulatory framework for nutritional supplements for child athletes in the Russian Federation, the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (EAEU) and the Unified Sanitary, Epidemiological, and Hygienic Requirements for Products (Goods) Subject to Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision (Control), applicable to SF for baby food, should be taken into account when developing formulas. In the Russian Federation, in addition to the requirements for essential macronutrients, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, adequate levels of daily intake have been determined for several minor bioactive compounds (BAC) for children aged 7-18 years: carnitine, choline, myo-inositol, flavonoids. This allows these BAS to be introduced into SF for young athletes without additional clinical studies. The main promising components for use in SF formulations for child athletes are various types of protein, carbohydrates, as well as vitamins, minerals and trace elements, minor BAC, for release in various forms: instant drinks and ready-to-drink, bars, cookies, jelly, encapsulated and tablet dietary supplements, etc. Conclusion. Nutrition for youth athletes must address not only the needs of athletes during sports activities but also support growth and development, meeting specific, higher quality and safety requirements. The SF market for child sports nutrition is represented by single products, which determines the broad prospects for the development and release of new products for the medical and biological support in youth sports.

Biorhythms play a huge role in the self-regulation of living systems and in the regulation of their interaction with the environment. Circadian rhythms are the periodicity of internal biological mechanisms that determine the state of metabolic processes, including those related to nutrient and energy consumption (chrononutrition). Chrononutrition is a type of food intake that is based on the chronotype: morning, intermediate, or evening type. The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize data that characterize the effectiveness of chrononutrition under different dietary regimes.

Material and methods: For the main search of sources over the past 5 years, we used the bibliographic databases of the Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, as well as the non-commercial search engine Google Scholar.

Results: The review presents the results of studies on the chrononutrition effectiveness under various dietary regimes aimed at correcting excess body weight. A comparative assessment of the effect of low-calorie diets and intermittent fasting on anthropometric parameters and cardiometabolic risks in individuals with overweight and obesity has been conducted. No advantages of intermittent fasting over low-calorie diets have been found. The analysis of the data demonstrated the important role of a dietary pattern that is consistent with circadian rhythms in improving metabolic health.

Conclusion: The features of chrononutrition must be taken into account when prescribing any dietary interventions, including low-calorie diets and time-limited eating strategies.

Geriatric care for the elderly assesses the patient's status using a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including questionnaires assessing nutritional, psychological and functional status, as well as screening examinations for deficits in sensory systems, including visual deficits. Nowadays, there is pure data on how visual deficits affect the development of certain geriatric syndromes in older people. The objectives of the research was to study the relationship between nutritional status and vision organ diseases, as well as mental status indicators assessed by screening methods in elderly patients of senile age.

Material and methods: The medical records with comprehensive geriatric assessment of patients (n=479, average age 80.1±0.2 years) have been studied. The pathology of the visual organ was assessed using standard ophthalmological examination methods necessary to make a diagnosis. To study nutritional status, cognitive impairment and likelihood of depression, a Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale survey were conducted respectively. The degree of frailty was determined by a geriatrician based on a set of geriatric syndromes. Associations between malnutrition and ophthalmic pathology were assessed in univariate analysis and subsequently using multiple logistic regression using odds ratios, both adjusted and unadjusted.

Results: The study included the records of 384 (80.2%) women, 95 (19.8%) men. Malnutrition was detected in 5 (1.0%) cases, the risk of malnutrition was shown in 169 (35.3%) patients without gender differences. The analysis revealed associations between the degree of frailty, age, mild cognitive impairment, depression and malnutrition. According to the results of logistic regression, nutritional problems were 82% more common in patients with glaucoma [OR 1.82, 95% CI (1.21-2.74), p=0.004], taking into account age and gender - 93% more often [OR 1.93, 95 CI (1.26-2.94), p=0.002]; 84% more likely in patients with secondary retinopathy (including diabetic) [OR 1.84, 95% CI (1.07-3.16), p=0.027], taking into account age and gender - 93% more often [OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.11-3.38), p=0.021].

Conclusion: Participants with malnutrition and visual deficits are more likely to experience cognitive impairment, depression and frailty. Secondary retinopathy and glaucoma can be used as ophthalmic pathology markers for the diagnosis of other geriatric impairments and this may serve as a basis for changing the routing of an elderly patient with visual pathology. Elderly patients with ophthalmic pathology require special attention in the construction of care management and a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and correction of geriatric syndromes.

In the Omsk region, which since 2019 has been one of the five pilot regions of Russia for the implementation of measures to promote healthy eating within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography», experience has been accumulated that potentially allows us to assess the effectiveness of such measures within the framework of medium-term programs at the regional level, which is an urgent task. Objective of the study: hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population of the Omsk region during the implementation of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health». Material and methods. In 2018, a representative sample of the adult population aged 18-85 years (n=241) was formed, quota-based by gender, age, and area of residence; in 2023, a similar sample (n=506) was formed. All subjects were interviewed using a single questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, forms for studying the frequency of food consumption and 24-hour food reproduction, a block of questions concerning the assessment of knowledge and practices in the field of healthy eating and the construction of a daily diet. Results. In 2023, compared to 2018, the proportion of the population with energy consumption above the physiological requirement decreased from 42.7 to 37.2% (p<0.01). The median consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, transisomers of fatty acids decreased significantly, while the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber increased (p≤0.0003). There was a significant increase in the consumption of vitamins B1, C, magnesium, potassium, while the amount of vitamins D, В2, biotin, choline, calcium, and zinc in the diet decreased. An improvement in the level of knowledge and practices of the adult population of the region in the field of healthy nutrition was revealed. Conclusion. The results indicate the successful implementation of measures to form a commitment to healthy nutrition among the adult population of the region within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography» in certain areas. Priority problems of population nutrition for correction in the near future have been identified. The proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population can be used to improve preventive activities at the regional level.

Recently, there has been growing concern about contamination of dry foods for infants with the bacteria of the Cronobacter genus (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii), since its ingestion during feeding can lead to severe health problems, including disability in certain categories of this age group. The development of methods for Cronobacter spp. detection with high sensitivity and resolution is an urgent task due to the growing need for foods for infant artificial feeding. The aim of the study was to compare methodological approaches to the detection of Cronobacter spp. in dry foods for the nutrition of infants and to propose an optimized scheme for the isolation and identification of the pathogen. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of the literature and current methods (international and regional) for the detection of Cronobacter spp. (and in particular C. sakazakii) in dry foods for infants was carried out. The search was performed using the following databases: Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, the "TekhExpert" Russian information system, as well as on the websites of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) using the keywords: Cronobacter spp., Enterobacter sakazakii. Results. Methodological approaches have been substantiated that make it possible to conduct studies of dry foods for infant nutrition (including formulas) with a greater degree of efficiency and reliability for the presence of Cronobacter spp.: an increase in cultivation time at the stage of non-selective enrichment by 33%; the use of two differential diagnostic media and two temperature cultivation modes at the stage of culture isolation. Conclusion. It is suggested that the use of the only one nutrient medium at the stages of selective cultivation and isolation, and incubation at elevated temperatures can lead to the loss of isolation of fastidious microorganisms that are present in the product in low concentrations. An optimized scheme for the microbiological testing of dry foods for infant nutrition for the presence of the Cronobacter genus bacteria based on a combination of cultural and/or PCR techniques has been proposed.