Wellcome Open Research最新文献

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition caused by the immune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. T1D has recognised asymptomatic pre-clinical stages, providing an opportunity for early diagnosis, education and treatment which may delay the onset of symptoms. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard method to stage and monitor early-stage T1D, which can be poorly tolerated and may contribute to marked loss to follow-up. Our study aims to test the accuracy, feasibility, and acceptability of a capillary alternative ('GTT@home' test kit) to the gold standard OGTT. We will invite 45 children and young people (CYP) across the spectrum of glycaemia with or without diabetes, from established research platforms or clinical care, to have a standard 2-hour OGTT, with capillary samples collected alongside their venous samples, at 0 and 120 minutes. A subgroup (n=20) will also have 60-minute capillary and venous samples collected. We will also invite 45 CYP from established research platforms, who are known to have two or more islet autoantibodies and are not on insulin, to undergo a capillary OGTT at home, using the GTT@home kit. We will assess the agreement of capillary and venous glucose and measure diagnostic accuracy by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of capillary measures at established diagnostic thresholds (fasting [5.6 mmol/L, 7.0 mmol/L], 60 minutes post glucose load [11.1 mmol/L] and 120 minutes post glucose load [7.8 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L]), using venous glucose as the gold standard. These studies will inform our understanding of whether the GTT@home device can be used in CYP in routine clinical care.

Background: Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine system, conceptualizes individual personality (Prakriti) through three dimensions, Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, based on physical, physiological, and psychological traits. Existing tools for Prakriti assessment often lack robust psychometric validation and accessibility. We developed and validated the Brief-Prakriti Inventory (BPI), a 21-item self-report instrument for assessing traditional Indian personality concepts.

Methods: An initial 30-item pool was derived from classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary literature, covering three domains. Following pilot testing and psychometric screening, 21 items were retained. Items used nominal response formats, each mapped to a dosha, with randomized option order via REDCap. Psychometric evaluation employed Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Latent Class Analysis (LCA), and Item Response Theory (IRT) in a community sample (N = 1857). Validity was assessed via test-retest reliability, convergent validity with traditional AYUsoft assessments, and divergent validity using Western personality traits (Mini-IPIP).

Results: MCA revealed distinct dosha-aligned item clustering, particularly among participants with dominant dosha profiles ( Figure 1). LCA supported a three-class model (dominant-only: entropy R2 = 0.96) ( Figure 2, Supplementary Figure 1). IRT analyses showed strong fit (CFI = 0.967, RMSEA = 0.023) and good reliability (Vata = 0.87, Pitta = 0.75, Kapha = 0.87) ( Figure 3). Psychological items showed highest discrimination; physiological items displayed higher difficulty thresholds. Test-retest reliability was high (ICCs 0.83-0.90). BPI subscales correlated strongly with traditional assessments (r = 0.78-0.84) (Supplementary Figure 2) but minimally with Western personality traits ( Figure 4), supporting construct distinctiveness.

Conclusions: The BPI is a brief, reliable, psychometrically validated self-report tool that captures latent dosha typology consistent with Ayurvedic theory. By grouping individuals into Prakriti-based clusters, the BPI will enable biological phenotyping of dosha-linked variability and support personalized, culturally contextualized interventions in integrative and mental health care.

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Phakellia ventilabrum (Porifera; Demospongiae; Bubarida; Bubaridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 211.92 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.97%) is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 24.36 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly by Ensembl identified 21 622 protein-coding genes. Thirty-three binned genomes were generated from the metagenome assembly, of which eight were classified as high-quality metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and of which four of the MAGs are fully circular. The MAGs were taxonomically assigned to Pseudomonadota (i.e. Candidatus Poriferihabitaceae), Nitrospirota, Nitrospinota, and the archaeal Nitrosopumilus clade.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Gorgonia ventalina (common sea fan; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Malacalcyonacea; Gorgoniidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 339.18 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.66%) is scaffolded into 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 18.73 kilobases.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Hylaeus dilatatus (Chalk Yellow-face Bee; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Colletidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 307.38 megabases and 314.32 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (82.9%) is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Most of haplotype 2 (73.52%) is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.78 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

The objectives of this integrative systematic review were to describe how community researchers (CRs) in low-and middle-income country (LMIC) settings are recruited, trained and supported in research projects, to identify facilitators, challenges and impacts of involving CRs, and to explore CRs' own experiences of conducting research. This area has not previously been synthesised across studies, thereby offering an original contribution to the evidence base. Primary research studies, of any study design and in any language, that provided insights into the review objectives in LMICs were included in the review. Search strategies included database searches and backward and forward chaining. Seven databases were searched on 5th November 2024 without date or language limits: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Qualitative synthesis of the findings was undertaken using a reflexive thematic approach. Overall, 39 papers reporting 27 studies were included in the review, with only seven papers scoring under 80% on the MMAT. Findings were synthesised over four themes: (1) recruitment, engagement and support; (2) benefits and challenges to the community researchers and communities; (3) benefits and challenges to the research; (4) ethics of engagement. Engaging CRs offers clear benefits, including improved access to marginalised groups, reduced power imbalances, and richer, culturally informed data. However, this review also highlights ethical concerns, emotional strain, and inequitable compensation, particularly in LMIC contexts where there are structural inequalities, limited resources, and sociocultural challenges. These findings highlight the need for research teams to adopt more ethical and inclusive approaches to CR involvement. Priorities include attribute-based recruitment processes, comprehensive training and ongoing support, fair remuneration, and structures that protect CRs' wellbeing. Strengthening these practices is essential to minimise harm, enhance data quality, and ensure community-engaged research delivers meaningful and equitable benefits.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Chelidonichthys lucerna (red gurnard; Chordata; Actinopteri; Perciformes; Triglidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 649.07 megabases and 651.58 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (96.66%) is scaffolded into 24 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.52 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Mesoplodon mirus (True's beaked whale; Chordata; Mammalia; Artiodactyla; Ziphiidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 3 442.40 megabases and 2 956.53 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (79.62%) is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.35 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18 422 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Arthaldeus pascuellus (leafhopper; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Cicadellidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1 275.44 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.4%) is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 20.4 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Balaenoptera physalus (fin whale; Chordata; Mammalia; Artiodactyla; Balaenopteridae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 3 442.54 megabases and 2 850.21 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (79.11%) is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.4 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.