Wellcome Open Research最新文献

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Cauchas fibulella (Speedwell Longhorn; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Adelidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 578.63 megabases and 573.48 megabases. The whole sequence for haplotype 1 is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z chromosome. Most of haplotype 2 (97.29%) is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules, also including a Z chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.77 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Xyphosia miliaria (tephritid fruit fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tephritidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 806.98 megabases and 799.90 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (97.34%) is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. Most of haplotype 2 (83.09%) is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 19.41 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Aspilapteryx tringipennella (Ribwort slender; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 261.71 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.02%) is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.86 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Scophthalmus maximus (Turbot; Chordata; Actinopteri; Pleuronectiformes; Scophthalmidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 550.28 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.74%) is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.73 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Taleporia tubulosa (Brown Bagworm; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Psychidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 394.58 megabases and 397.58 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.89%) is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.11 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Orgyia recens (Scarce Vapourer; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 533.68 megabases and 485.54 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.76%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.47 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 10 917 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Background: Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is a leading cause of community-onset bloodstream infection in Africa, driving high morbidity in young children. The World Health Organization has published preferred product characteristics for an iNTS vaccine, but lack of transmission data is an impediment to vaccine licensure. Enteric NTS (eNTS) is the asymptomatic carriage of NTS in stool that precedes invasive disease. We do not know how long eNTS shedding lasts, how often infection spreads in endemic settings, or how an eNTS episode shapes immunity against later invasion. These gaps make it difficult to define trial sites, select cohorts, refine target product profiles, and build reliable models of vaccine impact. Here we describe TiNTS, a prospective household study in Blantyre, Malawi, which will measure real-time eNTS incidence, transmission, and antibody responses to close these evidence gaps and accelerate rational vaccine deployment.

Methods: We will recruit all members of at least 60 households in Ndirande, Blantyre, Malawi. Stool samples will be collected every other day for at least four weeks and tested for NTS using culture and pan- Salmonella PCR on growth media. Environmental samples collected at enrolment will be tested using the same methods. Symptoms and exposure risks will be recorded throughout.We will collect blood samples at enrolment, after four weeks, and four weeks after the first eNTS episode in each household. We will measure serum IgG responses to Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis LPS antigens. We will extend follow-up if participants continue shedding or if the first household case occurs with fewer than 14 days of follow-up remaining.All culture-positive isolates and PCR-positive broths will undergo Illumina sequencing to enable genome and metagenome reconstruction for transmission inference.

Conclusions: TiNTS will define the burden, transmission patterns, and immune response to eNTS. Findings will inform vaccine modelling, trial design, and targeted introduction strategies.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Gandaritis pyraliata (the Barred Straw; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 295.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.74 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 15,805 protein coding genes.

Multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in children is rare and requires tremendous skill and knowledge of clinicians for early detection and treatment. This case highlights the complexities in diagnosing and treating MDR-TB in young children. An 18-month-old immunocompetent boy presented with prolonged fever, sudden onset of vision loss, vomiting, and seizures, which led to a suspicion of meningitis. Given his family history of treated pulmonary TB in the father and uncle one year ago, the initial treatment followed the Nepali national protocol for non-MDR tuberculous meningitis (TBM). However, the child's lack of response to this treatment raised concerns about MDR-TB, particularly after discovering on close questioning that the uncle, who lived with the boy's family, had actually been diagnosed with MDR-TB. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular tests of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and customized treatment for MDR TB meningitis (MDR TBM) administered. The boy then slowly improved and became less irritable, afebrile, seizure-free, developed spontaneous movements of all four limbs, and was discharged after one month. Delays in suspicion, confirmation, and treatment of MDR TBM led to complications of leptomeningitis with non-communicating hydrocephalus and bilateral optic atrophy, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain. This case highlights the importance of taking a very thorough and proper history and considering the possibility of MDR, especially in countries like Nepal where TB in general is rampant so that timely diagnosis and treatment is possible and complications are avoided.

Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a potentially treatable condition causing dementia. Treatment is through insertion of a 'shunt', which improves symptoms and prolongs independence, but NPH may be under-treated. Automated brain imaging measures might have potential to identify NPH. Little is known about NPH presentation in memory clinics. This study investigates the period prevalence of NPH and potential use of imaging biomarkers for NPH, especially callosal angle (CA), in detecting NPH in UK memory services.

Methods: This cohort study will use retrospective data from South London and Maudsley Clinical Records Interactive Search and linked datasets. The study population will comprise individuals aged ≥60 years with at least one referral to memory services from 2007-2024 (estimated n>20,000). Automated tools will be used to measure imaging biomarkers using routinely collected brain magnetic resonance imaging scans that are electronically linked to health records in a subset of the population (estimated n>5,000).

Results: We will estimate the period prevalence of NPH in this population. We will evaluate automated measurement tools for imaging features of NPH, describe their distributions, and their variation by covariates (eg. demographics). We hypothesise that people with a diagnosis of NPH will have smaller CA compared to people with a diagnosis of dementia, and that imaging features of NPH will predict future diagnosis of NPH. Depending on our findings, we may undertake more detailed analyses, such as a nested case-control or survival analysis.

Conclusions: This study will give a first understanding of NPH in UK memory services. It will inform future work to improve identification of NPH, for example through a clinical decision support tool. With rising global dementia rates, research into this potentially treatable condition causing dementia is a priority.