Wellcome Open Research最新文献

We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of Tomares ballus (Provence Hairstreak; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 839.94 megabases and 831.10 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.02%) is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.43 kilobases. This work is part of Project Psyche, a collaborative programme generating genomes for European butterflies and moths.

We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of Zerynthia rumina (Spanish Festoon; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Papilionidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 852.84 megabases and 775.60 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.64%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.26 kilobases. This work is part of Project Psyche, a collaborative programme generating genomes for European butterflies and moths.

We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of Actinotia polyodon (Purple Cloud; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 686.76 megabases and 626.61 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.78%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.36 kilobases. This work is part of Project Psyche, a collaborative programme generating genomes for European butterflies and moths.

Background: Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine system, conceptualizes individual personality (Prakriti) through three dimensions, Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, based on physical, physiological, and psychological traits. Existing tools for Prakriti assessment often lack robust psychometric validation and accessibility. We developed and validated the Brief-Prakriti Inventory (BPI), a 21-item self-report instrument for assessing traditional Indian personality concepts.

Methods: An initial 30-item pool was derived from classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary literature, covering three domains. Following pilot testing and psychometric screening, 21 items were retained. Items used nominal response formats, each mapped to a dosha, with randomized option order via REDCap. Psychometric evaluation employed Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Latent Class Analysis (LCA), and Item Response Theory (IRT) in a community sample (N = 1857). Validity was assessed via test-retest reliability, convergent validity with traditional AYUsoft assessments, and divergent validity using Western personality traits (Mini-IPIP).

Results: MCA revealed distinct dosha-aligned item clustering, particularly among participants with dominant dosha profiles ( Figure 1). LCA supported a three-class model (dominant-only: entropy R2 = 0.96) ( Figure 2, Supplementary Figure 1). IRT analyses showed strong fit (CFI = 0.967, RMSEA = 0.023) and good reliability (Vata = 0.87, Pitta = 0.75, Kapha = 0.87) ( Figure 3). Psychological items showed highest discrimination; physiological items displayed higher difficulty thresholds. Test-retest reliability was high (ICCs 0.83-0.90). BPI subscales correlated strongly with traditional assessments (r = 0.78-0.84) (Supplementary Figure 2) but minimally with Western personality traits ( Figure 4), supporting construct distinctiveness.

Conclusions: The BPI is a brief, reliable, psychometrically validated self-report tool that captures latent dosha typology consistent with Ayurvedic theory. By grouping individuals into Prakriti-based clusters, the BPI will enable biological phenotyping of dosha-linked variability and support personalized, culturally contextualized interventions in integrative and mental health care.

Background: Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment and are not present during admission. The prevalence of HAIs is typically higher (15%) in low-and middle-income countries than that in high-income countries (7%). HAIs present a significant burden on patients, families, and health systems as they contribute to longer hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and antimicrobial resistance. HAIs can be prevented or reduced by implementing infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. However, IPC measures are often poorly implemented due to resource shortages, lack of training, and other systemic challenges. The goals of this formative study were twofold: 1. to carry out a situational analysis of IPC practices for HAI control in three hospitals in Southern Malawi, highlighting specific bottlenecks and enablers of IPC practices; and 2. to co-design tailored implementation strategies based on insights from situational analysis using participatory approaches with key IPC stakeholders to support more consistent and effective IPC implementation at the study sites.

Methods: The study will be conducted in three health facilities in Malawi representing different healthcare levels: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Zomba Central Hospital, and Chikwawa District Hospital. For situational analysis, six data collection tools will be used: a desk review of IPC policies and guidelines, the World Health Organization IPC Assessment Framework, participant and non-participant structured observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. The participatory component involves a three-day co-design workshop. Participants in both study components will include healthcare workers, support staff, policymakers, patients, and patient caregivers (guardians). Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse the quantitative data. A thematic framework analysis using NVivo 12 will be done on the qualitative data. The findings will be disseminated through workshops, academic publications, and stakeholder meetings.

Conclusion: Multifaceted IPC implementation strategies tailored to the context of each hospital will be designed.

We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of Zethes insularis (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 862.07 megabases and 869.20 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.0%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Most of haplotype 2 (95.76%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.77 kilobases. This work is part of Project Psyche, a collaborative programme generating genomes for European butterflies and moths.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Tachina fera (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tachinidae). The genome sequence is 752 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.98%) is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the X sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 17.4 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12 253 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland. The primary assembly achieves an Earth BioGenome Project quality code of 7.C.Q57.

Background: Marginalised populations face significant health risks in pregnancy with reduced access to preventive and life-saving services due to conflict and migration. Infectious disease risk is high and the double burden of malnutrition increases risk from non-communicable disease although only weak epidemiological data supports this in refugees and migrant communities. This manuscript describes the SMRU Refugee and Migrant Pregnancy Cohort commencing nearly 40 years ago, established in response to the very high rate of Plasmodium falciparum maternal mortality in refugee camps on the Thailand Myanmar border.

Methods: Pregnant women who registered to antenatal care clinics of the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit from 1986 to 2024 living in marginalised communities of refugee and migrants were the eligible population. Pregnancies were prospectively followed from enrolment through to childbirth. Types of data include: 1) medical and obstetric records including patient characteristics, pregnancy progress and birth outcomes and 2) investigations (such as HIV).

Results: Among 94,645 pregnancies maternal mortality was 176 per 100,000 livebirths (120/68,024). Embedded cohorts included observational and clinical trials, providing evidence on the optimisation of treatment of malaria in pregnancy and on the rapid changes towards non-communicable diseases in refugees and migrants. Low mean height (151.4 cm), well below European and American populations from which the majority of guidelines have been created, questions appropriateness, such as gestational weight gain in pregnancy. A broad scope of research findings including tropical infections impacting pregnancy outcomes, mental health and suicide, a shared platform of "-omics" of Karen and Burmese women from first trimester, and practice of care in low-income settings have emerged and been shared.

Conclusions: The SMRU Refugee and Migrant Pregnancy Cohort findings have had significant local and international impact including changing the World Health Organisation Malaria Treatment Guidelines in pregnancy; and establishing a range of guidelines and tools improving maternal-child health practices.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Gorgonia ventalina (common sea fan; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Malacalcyonacea; Gorgoniidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 339.18 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.66%) is scaffolded into 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 18.73 kilobases.

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Phakellia ventilabrum (Porifera; Demospongiae; Bubarida; Bubaridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 211.92 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.97%) is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 24.36 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly by Ensembl identified 21 622 protein-coding genes. Thirty-three binned genomes were generated from the metagenome assembly, of which eight were classified as high-quality metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and of which four of the MAGs are fully circular. The MAGs were taxonomically assigned to Pseudomonadota (i.e. Candidatus Poriferihabitaceae), Nitrospirota, Nitrospinota, and the archaeal Nitrosopumilus clade.