Wellcome Open Research最新文献

Short sleep duraiton is a putative risk for dementia, whereas midlife obesity is an well-known risk factor. Midlife short sleep and obesity share some biological changes such as inflammations or metabolic changes, but their combined impact is not yet fully understood. Our aim is to investigate the associations of short leep obesity with cognitive decline and dementia risk, and to investigate whether these associations are mediated by blood markers. This is an analysis of prospective cohort study of adults who were free of dementia, had data on sleep duration and BMI at baseline in 1997-1999, and were tracked for dementia diagnoses until 2023 via linkage to electronic health records. Participants will be divided into four groups: (1) the reference group (2) short sleep (2) short sleep (≤6 hours) and non-obese weight; (3) normal sleep and obesity (≥30kg/m ²); (4) short sleep and obesity, the main exposure group. Baseline blood-based biomarkers include chitinase-3-like protein (YKL-40), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), neurofilament-light chain (NfL), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin (IL)-1(, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor (TGF)-(3, adiponectin, insulin, ghrelin, and leptin. Cognitive status, measured using tests of executive function, memory, phonemic fluency and semantic fluency, was repeatedly assessed. We will use linear mixed-effects models and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the associations of short sleep and obesity with change in cognitive functioning and risk of dementia, respectively. To examine whether blood-based biomarkers partially mediate these associations, formal mediation analyses will be performed, estimating the proportion of excess dementia risk mediated by the biomarkers individually and in combination. The results of this study may provide an additional insight whether co-occurring short sleep and obesity is a risk factor for dementia and the biological changes associated with these factors..

Background: Social roles common to adulthood (e.g. employment, parenthood) and their timing and combinations have been shown to relate to health. However, there is a lack of contemporary data to study complex patterns. We applied a pragmatic algorithmic approach to data from the ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) G1 cohort born in 1991-1993 to build valid annual indicators at age 16-31 of being in (or out of) six key roles.

Methods: In February 2023 we searched the data catalogue and identified 449 relevant variables (318 root questions, 131 auxiliary) indicating if an individual had been or was currently in the following roles: further/higher education; employment; living away from the parental home; cohabiting with a partner/spouse; parenthood; being a carer. Variables were incorporated into four algorithms to determine whether each individual was in/out of a role per age year. We addressed missing indicator values with multiple imputation methods. We assessed how well indicators captured annual role status by using them to derive descriptive statistics and comparing with those from national and survey data from the same period.

Results: Descriptive statistics on transitioning to or leaving a particular role by age 30 were comparable to national official data. For example, by age 30, at least 27% of men and 50% of women indicated having left the parental home (at median age 23-24); of these individuals, 19-30% subsequently indicated living with their parents again by age 30 (median interval 2-3 years, interquartile range 1-4 years). However, employment and parenthood appeared to be under-captured, relative to the other four roles.

Conclusions: These indicators can now be used by other researchers, for example to study a particular role or construct (e.g. Not in Education, Employment, or Training) over time, in different social and health contexts. They are best used to derive composite variables for use in life course research, rather than for precise year-on-year sequence analysis and parenthood should be used with caution.

Climate-sensitive infectious diseases pose an important challenge for human, animal and environmental health and it has been estimated that over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change. While climatic and weather conditions are important drivers of transmission of vector-borne diseases, socio-economic, behavioural, and land-use factors as well as the interactions among them impact transmission dynamics. Analysis of drivers of climate-sensitive diseases require rapid integration of interdisciplinary data to be jointly analysed with epidemiological (including genomic and clinical) data. Current tools for the integration of multiple data sources are often limited to one data type or rely on proprietary data and software. To address this gap, we develop a scalable and open-access pipeline for the integration of multiple spatio-temporal datasets that requires only the declaration of the country and temporal range and resolution of the study. The tool is locally deployable and can easily be integrated into existing climate-disease-modelling applications. We demonstrate the utility of the tool for dengue modelling in Vietnam where epidemiological data are legally required to remain local. We include a pipeline for bias correction of climate data to enhance their quality for downstream modelling tasks. The Dengue Advanced Readiness Tools-Pipeline empowers users by simplifying complex download, correction, and aggregation steps, fostering data-driven discovery of relationships between infectious diseases and their drivers in space and time, and enhancing reproducibility in research. Additional modules and datasets can be added to the existing ones to make the pipeline extendable to use cases other than the ones presented here.

Earlier menopause is associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease, depression, and mortality. Although menopause is typically defined as the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, estimating age of menopause using repeated, prospective data can be challenging. In this data note, we describe an algorithm developed to estimate age at natural menopause using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) Mothers cohort and highlight the complexities involved. Between 2008 and 2020, women were asked about their menstrual history, including when they last had a menstrual period (LMP), reasons for period cessation if relevant, and contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use at up to eight timepoints. Our algorithm estimated LMP at each timepoint using three key variables - self-reported LMP, menstruation in the last 3 months, and last 12 months - and accounted for factors affecting menstruation such as surgery, contraception, and HRT. Age at natural menopause was then derived based on the repeated LMP estimates across timepoints. Of 5,949 women included in the analysis (mean 3.6 timepoints per participant), age at natural menopause was estimated for 2,422 women. The mean estimated age was 49.4 years (SD = 4.1, range: 30-63 years, median = 50 years). This data note introduces potential users of the ALSPAC data to our algorithm and highlights key challenges when using longitudinal data to estimate menopause timing including irregular bleeding, missing data, and conflicting reports. Our aim is to support researchers wishing to use this derived variable in future studies of reproductive ageing.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Americardia media (Atlantic Strawberry Cockle; Mollusca; Bivalvia; Cardiida; Cardiidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 1 299.87 megabases and 1 284.99 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.42%) is scaffolded into 19 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 47.2 kilobases.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Rutilus rutilus (Roach; Chordata; Actinopteri; Cypriniformes; Leuciscidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1 100.18 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.56%) is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.61 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 25 358 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Hyperoplus immaculatus (Greater sandeel; Chordata; Actinopteri; Uranoscopiformes; Ammodytidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 797.79 megabases. Most of the assembly (91.28%) is scaffolded into 24 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.53 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 22 130 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Colydium elongatum (cylindrical bark beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Zopheridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 450.16 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.15%) is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.82 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13 883 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of Hybos culiciformis (hybotid fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Hybotidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 342.56 megabases. Most of the assembly (90.73%) is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.59 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 20 872 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Stictoleptura scutellata (longhorn beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Cerambycidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 1 471.09 megabases and 1 480.10 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.33%) is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome, while haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.97 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.