Wellcome Open Research最新文献

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Hylaeus dilatatus (Chalk Yellow-face Bee; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Colletidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 307.38 megabases and 314.32 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (82.9%) is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Most of haplotype 2 (73.52%) is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.78 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

The objectives of this integrative systematic review were to describe how community researchers (CRs) in low-and middle-income country (LMIC) settings are recruited, trained and supported in research projects, to identify facilitators, challenges and impacts of involving CRs, and to explore CRs' own experiences of conducting research. This area has not previously been synthesised across studies, thereby offering an original contribution to the evidence base. Primary research studies, of any study design and in any language, that provided insights into the review objectives in LMICs were included in the review. Search strategies included database searches and backward and forward chaining. Seven databases were searched on 5th November 2024 without date or language limits: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Qualitative synthesis of the findings was undertaken using a reflexive thematic approach. Overall, 39 papers reporting 27 studies were included in the review, with only seven papers scoring under 80% on the MMAT. Findings were synthesised over four themes: (1) recruitment, engagement and support; (2) benefits and challenges to the community researchers and communities; (3) benefits and challenges to the research; (4) ethics of engagement. Engaging CRs offers clear benefits, including improved access to marginalised groups, reduced power imbalances, and richer, culturally informed data. However, this review also highlights ethical concerns, emotional strain, and inequitable compensation, particularly in LMIC contexts where there are structural inequalities, limited resources, and sociocultural challenges. These findings highlight the need for research teams to adopt more ethical and inclusive approaches to CR involvement. Priorities include attribute-based recruitment processes, comprehensive training and ongoing support, fair remuneration, and structures that protect CRs' wellbeing. Strengthening these practices is essential to minimise harm, enhance data quality, and ensure community-engaged research delivers meaningful and equitable benefits.

We present a genome assembly from an individual Chelidonichthys lucerna (red gurnard; Chordata; Actinopteri; Perciformes; Triglidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 649.07 megabases and 651.58 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (96.66%) is scaffolded into 24 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.52 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Mesoplodon mirus (True's beaked whale; Chordata; Mammalia; Artiodactyla; Ziphiidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 3 442.40 megabases and 2 956.53 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (79.62%) is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.35 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18 422 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Arthaldeus pascuellus (leafhopper; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Cicadellidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1 275.44 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.4%) is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 20.4 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Balaenoptera physalus (fin whale; Chordata; Mammalia; Artiodactyla; Balaenopteridae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 3 442.54 megabases and 2 850.21 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (79.11%) is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.4 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Background: We investigated the main drivers for current shortages of licensed antibiotics, existing mitigation strategies undertaken and potential barriers in their implementation through in-depth interviews with experts operating in select regions.

Methods: Purposive sampling was used to identify opinion leaders with expertise in managing antibiotic supply chains, access, and shortages between August 2023 and April 2024. Consented participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide developed using the PESTELI (political, economic, sociological, ecological, technological, legal, industry) framework. Data collection and analysis were iterative and recursive, using constant comparison.

Results: Participants who were interviewed (n=16) had local, national, and global roles in managing and studying access, supply, and demand chain management from Europe, South Africa, India and USA. Political engagement on antibiotic shortages is reported to facilitate effective mitigation strategies, especially in areas where there is strong evidence of government investment. Legal measures have also been used; for example, pharmacists in the UK being given rights to automatically substitute antibiotics on prescriptions and negotiating with pharmaceutical companies for greater transparency on the challenges in manufacturing. Economic incentives are currently missing and are recognised as being a driver for lack of engagement on this topic from pharmaceutical industry. Greater transparency is required from the pharmaceutical companies on the manufacturing chain issues that may lead to shortages. Technologically there is a major gap in systems to forecast and manage antibiotic shortages. Sociological elements include adopting appropriate communication to not cause panic buying and hoarding by organisations when there is an impending shortage. Legislative changes are linked to the political and economic barriers for cohesive systems to manage the antibiotic manufacture and supply chain in relation to shortages.

Conclusion: Currently there are limited interventions to respond to and manage shortages. The antibiotic manufacture and supply chain is complex and under the influence of PESTELI indicators which will need to be understood and mitigated in different contexts and regions.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Colocasia coryli (Nut-tree Tussock; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 768.61 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.73%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.31 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Colostygia multistrigaria (Mottled Grey; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 482.72 megabases and 504.67 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.19%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.63 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Subcoccinella vigintiquattuorpunctata (24-spot ladybird; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 532.03 megabases. Most of the assembly (97.41%) is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 18.91 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and  Ireland.